高考英语二轮复习大题优练2 阅读理解 记叙文（解析版）

阅读阅读理解（记叙文）大题优练2优选例题优选例题【例题】（2020·全国II卷）Someparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higherincomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskill.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.1.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A.Buildingconfidence. B.Developingspatialskills.C.Learningself-control. D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.2.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperimental?A.Parents’age. B.Children’simagination.C.Parents’education. D.Child-parentrelationship.3.Howdoboysdifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod. B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist D.Ateachingprogram【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。1.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第三段“...foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.”，故选B。2.细节理解题。根据题干信息定位到第二段“Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.”（莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长对话量的差异后，益智游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因素。），故选C。3.细节理解题。根据题干信息，定位到最后一段“However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls...”，故选D。4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究发现，益智游戏是认知的一个重要预测因素。故选B。模拟优练模拟优练（一）Sacagaweawasnotafraid.Althoughshewasonly16yearsoldandtheonlyfemaleinanexplorationgroupofmorethan45people,shewasreadytocourageouslymakehermarkinAmericanhistory.In1803,PresidentThomasJeffersonboughtmorethan825,000squaremilesoflandfromFrance.Toexplorethisnewpartofthecountry,JeffersonsentLewisandWilliamClarkonatwo-yearjourneytoreportonwhattheyfound.Theyneededlocalguidestohelpthemthroughthisunknownterritory.BorntoaShoshonechiefaround1788,Sacagaweahadbeenkidnapped(绑架)byanenemytribewhenshewasabout12,thensoldtoaFrench-Canadiantrapper.WhenthetrapperwashiredasaguideforLewisandClark'sexpeditionin1804,SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-milejourney.Sacagaweasoonbecamearespectedmemberofthegroup.Shewasskilledatfindingplantsforfoodandmedicinetohelpkeeptheexplorersalive.Whenaboatcapsized(翻)ontheMissouriRiverastheywerecrossingintowhatisnowMontana,Sacagaweasavedimportantbooksandmuch-neededsupplies.Whentheyneededhorsestocrossrougharea,sheconvincedaShoshonetribe—ledbyherlong-lostbrother—togivethemsome.ShewassoesteemedbyLewisandClarkthatwhentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort(营地).SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.Astheypassedthroughherhomeland,SacagawearememberedShoshonetrailsfromherchildhoodandhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.ShereceivednopayforherservicesanddiedonDecember20,1812.ButSacagawea'sbraveryandskillliveonintheexpedition'sjournals,whicharefullofpraiseforthe16-year-oldShoshonegirlwhoguidedthemostfamousAmericanexpeditionofalltime.5．WhydidtheexplorershireSacagawea?A．Todotrade. B．Tofighttheenemy.C．Tobesafer. D．Tohelpcommunicate.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“esteemed”inParagraph4mean?A．Respected. B．Suspected.C．Influenced. D．Promoted.7．WhatdoyouthinkofSacagawea'sroleintheexpedition?A．Active. B．Irreplaceable.C．Tricky. D．Unreliable.8．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aspecialhonor. B．Agreatexpedition.C．Anoutstandinggirl. D．Anunknownterritory.【答案】5-8DABC【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事。5．细节理解题。根据第三段SacagaweaalsojoinedasaninterpretertotalktoNative-Americanpeopleontheir8,000-milejourney.可知，探险家雇佣Sacagawea目的是帮助他们和当地印第安人交流。故选D。6．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句whentheyreachedthePacificOceaninNovember1805,Sacagaweawasaskedtocasthervoteforwheretheyshouldbuildafort.当他们在1805年11月到达太平洋时，Sacagawea被要求投票决定他们应该在哪里建造营地。可推知，Sacagawea受到Lewis和Clark

的尊敬，他们才会要求Sacagawea决定在哪里露营；由此可知，划线单词“esteemed”的意思是repected“尊敬”之意，故选A。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段描述SacagaweaprovedherselfagainafterthegrouptookadifferentroutehomethroughwhatisnowIdaho.…andhelpedtheexpeditionfindtheirwaythrough.Clarkevenpraisedherashis“pilot”.Sacagawea再次证明了自己的能力，她的团队选择了一条不同的路线，穿过现在的爱达荷州回家。当他们经过她的家乡时，Sacagawea想起了她童年时在Shoshone部落留下的足迹，并帮助探险队找到了道路。Clark甚至称赞她是他的“领航员”。可知，Sacagawea在探险活动的地位是无可替代的。故选B。8．主旨大意题。本文讲述女孩Sacagawea帮助探险队成功探险的故事，由此可知，Anoutstandinggirl.一个杰出的女孩。切题。故选C。(二)AfellowspeakerfromCalifornianamedGeriflewtoJapan,inherfavoritejeansandacasualjacket,togiveherfirstspeech.Fourteenhourslater,fourperfectlydressedJapanesegentlemengreetedheratNaritaAirport.Smilingandbowinglow,theyhandedhertheirbusinesscards.Withherbaginonehand,Geritooktheircardswiththeother.Shethankedthem,glancedbrieflyatthecards,andputthemintoherjeanspocketquickly.Whenthefiveofthemarrivedatthehotel,theyinvitedGeritoteainthelobby(大厅).Whilesippingtea,thegentlemenpresentedherwithasmallgiftwhichsheeagerlyopened.Shewasthrilledwiththegiftandshoutedexcitedly,“Oh,it’sbeautiful!”Atthispoint,thefourJapanesegentlemenstoodupand,bowingonlyveryslightly,said“Sayonara”andleftimmediately.PoorGeriwasleftastonished.Whatdidshedowrong?Everything!Herjeanswerethefirstgaffe.Evenifyou’recomingoffabicycleinJapan,youdonotmeetc1ients(客人)casuallydressed.ThesecondmistakewasGeri’shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.InJapan,thebusinesscardisoneofthemostimportantcommunicativetools.Itisalwayspresentedandacceptedrespectfullywithbothhands.However,Geriputtheircardsawaymuchtooquickly.InJapan,peopleusebusinesscardsasaconversationstarter.Youchatabouteachother’scardsandworkanddonotputtheirsawayuntiltheygentlyandrespectfullyplaceyoursinsafekeeping.Puttingitcarelesslyintoherjeanspocketwastheultimatedisrespect.Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn’tevengiventhemagift!9．InthefourJapanesegentlemen’seyes,Geritooktheircards_____________.A．excitedly B．embarrassingly C．politely D．disrespectfully10．WhydidthefourJapanesegentlemenleaveGerisuddenly?A．Becausetheycouldn’tbearGeri’sbehavioranylonger.B．Becausetheyhadfinishedthetask.C．BecauseGerihadsomethingmoreimportanttodo.D．BecauseGerifeltembarrassed.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gaffe”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ignorance. B．Sadness. C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.12．Whatlessoncanwedrawfromthisstory?A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.B．Thinktwicebeforeyoutakeanyaction.C．WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.D．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.【答案】9．D 10．A 11．C 12．C【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。9．推理判断题。根据第四段的“ThesecondmistakewasGeri'shandlingoftheirbusinesscardsrudely.”可知，第二个错误是格瑞粗鲁地处理他们的名片，由此可推断，在四位日本绅士的眼里，格瑞十分不恭敬地接过了他们的名片。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Then,thefourthhorrorofhorrorswasthatGerishouldnothaveopenedthegiftinfrontofherclients.Inalandwheresavingfaceiscritical,itwouldbeembarrassingtodiscoverthegifttheygavewasnotasniceastheonetheyreceived.Whatisworse,Gerihadn’tevengiventhemagift!”可知，然后，第四个可怕的事情是，格瑞不应该在她的客户面前打开礼物。在一个面子至关重要的国家，如果发现他们送的礼物没有收到的那么好，那就很尴尬了。更糟糕的是，格瑞甚至没有给他们礼物！由此判断出，这些男士认为格瑞的做法极为不礼貌，已经无法忍受，所以离开了，故选A。11．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后的“Whatdidshedowrong？”（她哪里做的不对）以及第四段“Thesecondmistake”（第二个错误）可知，划线词的意思是“错误”，指的是她的牛仔裤是第一个错误。故选C。12．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一个叫格瑞的美国人来到日本，因为不了解日本的礼仪文化而做的一些不合时宜的事。由此判断出，我们从故事中学到要入乡随俗。故选C。（三）Formostpeople,graduationisanexcitingdaythecelebrationofyearsofhardwork.Mygraduationday...wasnot.Irememberthatweekendtwoyearsago.Familyandfriendshadflowninfromacrossthecountrytowatchourclasswalkacrossthatstage.Butlikeeveryoneelseinmygraduatingclass,Ihadwatchedtheeconomyturnfrombadtoworse.WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwoandthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,Ifoundmyselfintheexactsamespotas1wasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanswascreepingevercloser.Youknowthatfeelingwhenyouwakeupandyouarejustconsumedwithfear?Fearaboutsomethingyoucan'tcontrol—thatsenseofapproachingfailurethatremainsoveryouasyouhopethateverythingthathappenedtoyouthusfarwasjustabaddream?Thatfeelingbecameaconstantinmylife.Andthemostfrustratingpartwasnomatterhowmuch1tried,1justcouldn'tseemtomakeanyprogress.SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Iwrote.Somethingaboutputtingwordsonapagemadeeverythingseemalittleclearer—alittlebrighter.Somethingaboutwritinggavemehope.Andifyouwantsomethingbadlyenough.Sometimesalittlehopeisallyouneed!SoIchanneledmyfrustrationintoachildren'sbook.Andthenoneday,withoutanysortofwritingdegreeorcontactsinthewritingworld—justalotofhardworkandperseverance—Iwasofferedapublishingcontractformyfirstbook!Afterthat,thingsslowlybegantofallintoplace.1wasofferedasecondbookdeal.Then,afewmonthslater,IgotaninterviewwithTheWaltDisneyCompanyandwashiredshortlyafter.Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.Thingschangeifyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.13．FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthattheauthorprobably.A．washavinganexcitinggraduationB．wasgettingintofinancialdifficultiesC．missedthelifeintheuniversityD．hadjustappliedforthestudentloans14．Howdidtheauthorchangethefrustratingsituation?A．Bysendingapplications. B．Byofferingcontracts.C．Bykeepingwriting. D．Bypublishingbooks.15．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“bleak”inthelastparagraph?A．Unattractive. B．Hopeless.C．Thrilling. D．Promising.16．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Successbelongstothepersevering.B．Acontentedmindisaperpetual（长久的）feast.C．Asmoothseanevermakesaskillfulmariner.D．Misfortunestelluswhatfortuneis.【答案】13.B 14.C 15.B 16.A【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要介绍了作者在毕业后经历了失败和恐惧，然后依靠坚持写作走出困境的励志文章。13．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第四、五句“WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanswascreepingevercloser.”可知，作者在毕业后难以找到工作，而学生贷款还款期限日益逼近，作者无力偿还，由此可知作者陷入经济困难。故选B项。14．细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一、二句“SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity(理智)?Iwrote.”以及第六句“SoIchanneledmyfrustrationintoachildren'sbook.”可知，作者通过坚持写作来改变自己的令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。15．猜测词义题。根据文章最后一段第一、二句“Themoralofthisstoryis…don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.”可知，能够导致你对一件事情的放弃，这件事可能是无望的或者是糟糕的，所以能够替换bleak的词是hopeless。故选B项。16．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.ThingschangeIfyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.”可知，本文主要谈论的是成功属于坚忍不拔的人。故选A项。(四)Igrewupwithafour-yeargap(差距)betweenmyselfandmyyoungerbrother.Itwasanenoughdistanceinagetokeepuscloseaswegotolder,butalsoenoughofanagegaptomakesurewelivedourownlivesincompletelydifferentways.HavingayoungerbrotherwhileIwasagirlwasalotofworkfortherewasalotoffighting.However,aswe'vegotolder,we'vebecomecloser,andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.MyyoungerbrotherisoneofthemosttalentedandcreativesoulsI'veknown.He'sconstantlyfeedinghiscreativitywithnewartforms,newinstruments.Healwaysseekstounderstandandlearnmoreabouttheworldaroundhim.He'shelpedremindmethroughhisactionsandwordsthatgivinguponcreativityissomethingapersonshouldneverdo.Myyoungerbrotherhasalwaysbeenamoreintrovertedtype,andifyouspeaktohim,you'reluckytogetoverthreewordsoutofhimatatime.Becauseofthis,he'scertainlylearnedthewhole“actionsspeaklouderthanwords”thing.But,I'verealizedfrommybrotherthatIneedn'tspeaktofillthesilence.Sometimes,it'snecessarytospendsomeofyourtimeinsilenceandreflectinit.Myyoungerbrotherhasalsobeenthroughhardtimes,buthe'sabletofocusonlearningfromthehardtimes,unlikeme,whotendstoholdontoeverylittlethingfrommylife.It'salwaysbeendifficultformetoletthingsgoandmoveon,butmyyoungerbrotherhasbeenaninspirationformetotryharderatlettinggo.17．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgrowingupastheoldersister?A．Itisagreatadvantage.B．Ittendstobeenjoyable.C．Itistroublingbutinspiring.D．Itisn'talwaysfunandeasy.18．Whatdoestheauthor'syoungerbrother'sactionssuggesttoher?A．SheshouldfocusonthepastandthepresentB．Sheshouldneverstopfeedinghercreativity.C．Sheshouldmoveonwiththepastkeptinmind.D．Sheshouldexplaineverylittledetailofsomething.19．Whatmighttheintrovertedpeoplebelikeaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Theyarequiet.B．Theyarequick.C．Theyarenoisy.D．Theyarefriendly.20．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheGoodRelationshipsbetweenMyBrotherandMeB．TheInspirationsMyYoungerBrotherwasGivenC．LessonsMyLittleBrotherHelpedMeLearnD．TheGreatQualitiesofMyLittleBrother【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．C【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文，作者作为一个姐姐，从弟弟那学习到了很多。17．推理判断题。根据第一段“HavingayoungerbrotherwhileIwasagirlwasalotofworkfortherewasalotoffighting.”当我还是个小女孩的时候，有个弟弟对我来说是件很辛苦的事，因为经常会吵架。第二段进行了转折“However,aswe'vegotolder,we'vebecomecloser,andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.”然而，随着我们年龄的增长，我们的关系越来越亲密，我从弟弟身上学到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的东西。所以作者作为一个姐姐，觉得麻烦但是鼓舞人心。故选C项。18．推理判断题。根据第三段“He'shelpedremindmethroughhisactionsandwordsthatgivinguponcreativityissomethingapersonshouldneverdo.”他用行动和言语提醒我，放弃创造力是一个人永远都不应该做的事。所以弟弟给姐姐的建议是永远不要停止创造。故选B项。19．推理判断题。根据第四段“Myyoungerbrotherhasalwaysbeenamoreintrovertedtype,andifyouspeaktohim,you'reluckytogetoverthreewordsoutofhimatatime.”我弟弟一直比较内向，如果你跟他说话，能一次说出三个字就很幸运了。可知introvertedpeople指的是很内向安静的人，故选A项。20．主旨大意题。根据第二段“andI'velearnedseveralthingsinlifefrommyyoungerbrotherthatIdidn'trealizeIneededbefore.”在生活中，我从弟弟那里学到了很多以前我不知道自己需要的东西。作者在此展开叙述，讲述弟弟的优点对自己的影响，所以本文的主旨是我从弟弟那里学到的课程。故选C项。(五)Lastyear,myoldestsonMatthewwentofftocollege.Thingsathomewerenotas“busy”astheyusedtobe.Westillhadour15-year-oldsonGabrielwithus,butwemissedhavingMatthewaround.Mywifesoonhadacrazyidea.“Let’sgetadog.”shesuggested.Iwasn’texactlythrilledwiththeidea,butIagreed.Imean,whatbetterwaytoreplaceakidthathasgoneofftocollegethantogetadog.Whenwegottotheanimalshelter,itseemedlikeeverydogwasapitbull(比特犬).I’dhadmanybadexperienceswithpitbullsasachild,soIdidn’twanttotakeoneofthemhomewithme.WhileIwalkedalongtherowsandrowsofcoldmetalcages,adogcaughtmyeye.Hewasscared,andlookedlikehe’dgivenuponlife.Therewasonlyoneproblem:hewasapitbull.Ashelookedatmewithhisbig,beautifuleyes,Icouldseeintohissoul.Icouldseehowscaredhewasandthathejustwantedahappylife.Icouldn’tjustwalkaway—Ihadtoatleastgooverandlookathim.Iapproachedhiscage,andhejustsatthere,lookingatme.Istuckmyfingerthroughtheholeinthecageandpettedhimonthehead.Iexpectedhimtogetmad,buthedidn’t.Iknewthatthisdoghadneverfeltlovebefore,andthathewasenjoyingeverybitoftheloveIcouldgivehiminthatmoment.TearsbegantostreamdownmyfacebecauseIfelteverythingthatthispoorcreaturewasfeelingrightthen.Hejustwantedtobeloved;hejustwantedahomeandafamily.It’sbeenayearsincewetookthedoghome,andourliveshavebeenchanged