广东省珠湾市重点中学2022学年九年级第一学期期中试卷化学试卷含答案

/r/n2021-2022/r/n学年度第一学期初三年级/r/n期中试卷/r/n化学/r/n试题/r/n说明：/r/n1/r/n．全卷共/r/n6/r/n页，满分/r/n100/r/n分，/r/n答题/r/n用时为/r/n60/r/n分钟。/r/n2/r/n．可能用到的相对原子质量：/r/nH-1C-12/r/n/r/n/r/nN-14/r/nO-16/r/n一、选择题（本大题包括/r/n1/r/n5/r/n小题，每小题/r/n3/r/n分，共/r/n45/r/n分。每小题四个选项中，只有一个是正确的）/r/n1/r/n．/r/n下列变化中，前者是化学变化，后者是物理变化的是/r/nA/r/n．海水晒盐/r/n/r/n菜刀生锈/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n B/r/n．牛奶变酸/r/n/r/n米酿成醋/r/nC/r/n．蜡烛燃烧/r/n/r/n酒精挥发/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n D/r/n．矿石粉碎/r/n/r/n食物腐烂/r/n2/r/n．/r/n下列实验操作正确的是/r/nA/r/n．倾倒液体/r/n /r/n /r/n B/r/n．闻气体气味/r/n /r/n C/r/n．读液体体积/r/n /r/n D/r/n．给液体加热/r/n3/r/n．/r/n下列方法可使海水转化为饮用水的是/r/nA/r/n．过滤/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/nB/r/n．静置沉淀/r/n /r/n /r/n C/r/n．活性炭吸附/r/n /r/n D/r/n．蒸馏/r/n4/r/n．/r/n从分子的角度分析，下列解释/r/n错误/r/n的是/r/nA/r/n．/r/n气体受热膨胀/r/n——/r/n分子间隔增大/r/nB/r/n．/r/n缉毒犬能根据气味发现毒品/r/n——/r/n分子在不断的运动/r/nC/r/n．/r/n液氧和氧气都能助燃/r/n——/r/n同种分子化学性质相同/r/nD/r/n．/r/n水结成冰/r/n—/r/n分子的种类发生变化/r/n5/r/n．/r/n空气和水是我们人类最重要的两种物质。下列关于空气和水的说法，/r/n错误/r/n的是/r/nA/r/n．空气中的氮气可作为生产氮肥的原料/r/nB/r/n．空气中的氧气支持燃烧，所以氧气是一种常见的燃料/r/nC/r/n．农业生产中改变灌溉方式，变漫灌为喷灌或滴灌，以节约用水/r/nD/r/n．为了避免水体污染，农业上应合理使用农药和化肥/r/n6/r/n．/r/n富氢水指富含氢分子的水，在医学、体育等领域有重要用途。下列有关富氢水的说法，正/r/n确的是/r/nA./r/n属于纯净物/r/n/r/nB./r/n含氢、氧两种元素/r/n/r/nC./r/n所含氢分子不运动/r/n/r/n/r/nD./r/n与水的性质完全相同/r/n7/r/n．/r/n下列关于物质燃烧现象的描述/r/n错误/r/n的是/r/nA/r/n．硫在氧气中燃烧，/r/n明亮的蓝紫色火焰，/r/n产生/r/n有/r/n刺激性气味的气体/r/nB/r/n．/r/n红磷/r/n在/r/n空/r/n气中燃烧，/r/n产生大量白烟/r/nC/r/n．蜡烛在/r/n空气/r/n中燃烧，在蜡烛上方罩一个干冷的烧杯/r/n，/r/n烧杯壁有水雾产生/r/nD/r/n．木炭在氧气中燃烧，/r/n发出白光，产生大量白烟/r/n8/r/n．/r/n在利用红磷燃烧测定空气中氧气含量的实验中，用传感器记录集气瓶中压强、温度随时间变化的情况，如下图所示。其中/r/na/r/n是打开止水夹的时刻。下列说法/r/n不正确/r/n的是/r/n/r/nA/r/n．/r/na/r/n点处的压强等于大气压/r/n/r/nB/r/n．/r/n反应开始时压强增大是因为温度升高/r/nC/r/n．/r/na/r/n点的温度已经接近室温/r/n/r/nD/r/n．/r/na/r/n点后气压增大是由于水倒吸入集气瓶/r/n9/r/n．/r/n从下列图片中/r/n不能/r/n获取的信息是/r/nA/r/n．/r/n氯化钠是由氯离子和钠离子构成的/r/n /r/n B/r/n．水分子受热后运动速率加快/r/nC/r/n．硅原子是由原子核和核外电子构成的/r/n /r/n D/r/n．构成物质的粒子有分子、原子和离子/r/n10/r/n．/r/n2017/r/n年/r/n5/r/n月/r/n9/r/n日，中国科学院、国家语言文字工作委员会、全国科学技术名词审定委员会在北京召开发布会，正式向社会发布/r/n113/r/n号、/r/n115/r/n号、/r/n117/r/n号、/r/n118/r/n号元素中文名称。其中，/r/n117/r/n号元素为/r/nTs/r/n（中文名/r/n“/r/n”/r/n），已知/r/n元素的相对原子质量为/r/n294/r/n。下列有关/r/n元素的说法中/r/n不正确/r/n的是/r/nA/r/n．/r/n原子核内有/r/n117/r/n个质子/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n B/r/n．/r/n原子的核外电子数为/r/n294/r/nC/r/n．/r/n原子核由质子和中子构成/r/n /r/n /r/n D/r/n．/r/n原子呈电中性/r/n．/r/nA/r/n．/r/nB/r/n．/r/nC/r/n．/r/nD/r/n．/r/n12/r/n．/r/n“/r/n民以食为天，食以安为先。/r/n”/r/n食品安全问题始终是老百姓心中最大的牵挂。人们如果误食工业用盐亚硝酸钠（/r/nNaNO/r/n2/r/n)/r/n，会引起食物中毒。/r/nNaNO/r/n2/r/n/r/n中氮元素的化合价为/r/nA/r/n．/r/n-1/r/n B/r/n．/r/n+3/r/n C/r/n．/r/n+1/r/n D/r/n．/r/n+5/r/n13/r/n．/r/n豆腐是人们喜爱的食物，营养丰富，能为人体提供所需的多种氨基酸，其中含量最多的是亮氨酸/r/n/r/n（/r/nC/r/n6/r/nH/r/n13/r/nNO/r/n2/r/n）。下列关于亮氨酸的说法正确的是/r/nA/r/n．/r/n亮氨酸由/r/nC/r/n、/r/nH/r/n、/r/nN/r/n、/r/nO/r/n四种原子构成/r/nB/r/n．/r/n亮氨酸的相对分子质量为/r/n131g/r/nC/r/n．/r/n亮氨酸中碳元素质量分数最大/r/nD/r/n．/r/n亮氨酸中碳、氢、氮、氧四种元素的质量比为/r/n6/r/n：/r/n13/r/n：/r/n1/r/n：/r/n2/r/n14/r/n．/r/n如图所示的四个图像，能正确反映对应变化关系的是/r/nA/r/n．/r/n水的电解/r/n/r/nB/r/n．/r/n红磷在密闭的容器内燃烧/r/nC/r/n．/r/n加热一定量的高锰酸钾制氧/r/n/r/nD/r/n．/r/n向过氧化氢的水溶液中加入二氧化锰制氧气/r/n15/r/n．/r/n下列实验方案/r/n不能/r/n达到相应目的的是/r/n实/r/n验/r/n方/r/n案/r/n等量澄清/r/n/r/n石灰水/r/n空气/r/n呼出/r/n气体/r/n/r/n/r/n等量澄清/r/n/r/n石灰水/r/n空气/r/n呼出/r/n气体/r/n酚酞溶液/r/n浓氨水/r/n酚酞溶液/r/n浓氨水/r/n/r/n/r/n水/r/n/r/n水/r/n/r/n水/r/n/r/n硫/r/n粉/r/n水/r/n/r/n硫/r/n粉/r/n目/r/n的/r/nA./r/n证明呼出气体比吸入空气的/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n含量多/r/nB./r/n证明氨分子在不断运动/r/nC./r/n推拉注射器/r/n检查装置的气密性/r/nD./r/n用硫粉燃烧/r/n测定空气中氧气的含量/r/n二、填空题（本大题包括/r/n2/r/n小题，共/r/n15/r/n分）/r/n16/r/n．（/r/n8/r/n分）/r/n按要求/r/n填空：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n1/r/n个氢氧根离子/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n /r/n /r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n氯酸钾中氯元素的化合价为/r/n+5/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）地壳中含量最多的金属元素与非金属元素组成的化合物的化学式为/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n反应前后没有发生变化的粒子是/r/n /r/n/r/n（填数字序号），该反应的基本反应类型是/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）/r/n化学概念在逻辑上存在如图所示关系，请填空/r/n包含关系/r/n/r/n并列关系/r/n/r/n交叉关系/r/n=1\*GB3/r/n①/r/n纯净物与混合物属于/r/n /r/n /r/n关系；/r/n②/r/n氧化反应和化合反应属于/r/n /r/n /r/n关系。/r/n下列物质/r/n中属于纯净物的有/r/n/r/n（填/r/n序号/r/n）：/r/n①高锰酸钾/r/n/r/n②冰水混合物/r/n/r/n③纯净的空气/r/n/r/n④双氧水/r/n/r/n⑤液氧/r/n/r/n⑥水银/r/n/r/n17./r/n（/r/n7/r/n分）下表是元素周期表的一部分：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n12/r/n号元素的元素/r/n名称/r/n为/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n，/r/nO/r/n元素的相对原子质量为/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n相对原子质量为/r/n22.99/r/n的元素属于/r/n/r/n（填/r/n“/r/n金属/r/n”/r/n或/r/n“/r/n非金属/r/n”/r/n），/r/n9/r/n号元素/r/n易/r/n/r/n（填/r/n“/r/n得到/r/n”/r/n或/r/n“/r/n失去/r/n”/r/n）/r/n电子，/r/n形成/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n（填/r/n“/r/n阳离子/r/n”/r/n或/r/n“/r/n阴离子/r/n”/r/n）；/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）某元素的原子结构示意图如右图所示，/r/n该元素位于周期表中第三周期/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n族/r/n；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）由图可知，同周期元素从左到右的递变规律是/r/n/r/n。/r/n/r/n三、（本大题包括/r/n4/r/n小题，共/r/n40/r/n分）/r/n通电/r/n点燃/r/n18./r/n（/r/n10/r/n分）有/r/nA/r/n、/r/nB/r/n、/r/nC/r/n、/r/nD/r/n、/r/nE/r/n、/r/nF/r/n六/r/n种物质，在常温下/r/nA/r/n、/r/nB/r/n、/r/nC/r/n是气体，/r/nD/r/n是黑色固体，/r/nE/r/n和/r/nF/r/n是液体/r/n，且组成元素相同/r/n；其中/r/nC/r/n和/r/nD/r/n内含有同一种元素；/r/nB/r/n和/r/nE/r/n内含有同一种元素，/r/nA/r/n、/r/nC/r/n、/r/nE/r/n内含有同一种元素。/r/n通电/r/n点燃/r/n物质间的转变关系如下图：/r/n=1\*GB3/r/n①/r/nE/r/n/r/nA+B/r/n /r/n /r/n=2\*GB3/r/n②/r/nA+D/r/n/r/nC/r/n/r/n根据以上回答问题：/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）写出/r/n下列/r/n物质的化学式：/r/nB/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/nD/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/nF/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）写出/r/n=1\*GB3/r/n①/r/n反应的符号表达式/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n该反应的基本反应类型为/r/n/r/n。/r/n在进行该实验时，若/r/n正极产生了/r/n10mL/r/n气体，则负极产生的气体体积为/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n写出/r/n=2\*GB3/r/n②/r/n反应的/r/n文字/r/n表达式/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n。/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/nE/r/n和/r/nF/r/n的组成元素相同，但化学性质却不同的原因是/r/n/r/n不同。/r/n19.（10分）/r/n实验是进行科学探究的重要手段/r/n，/r/n下列是有关水的实验。/r/n/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n图甲是电解水的实验，通电一段时间后，/r/n收集到的气体如图，则a端连接电源的/r/n___________/r/n。/r/n（填“正极”或“负极”）/r/n该实验能够说明水是由氢元素和氧元素组成的理论依据是/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n图乙的操作名称为/r/n___________/r/n，操作时，玻璃棒的下端要轻靠在/r/n_________/r/n一边；若最后的液体仍呈浑浊状态，则可能的原因是/r/n/r/n（写一点）。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）自然界中的水都不是纯水，净水时加入明矾的目的是/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n图丙为简易净水装置，其中的活性炭的作用是/r/n/r/n。/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n图丁为蒸馏的简易装置，/r/n圆底/r/n烧瓶中碎瓷片的作用是/r/n/r/n。/r/n向最后试管内得到的蒸馏水中加入适量肥皂水，振荡，则观察到的现象是/r/n/r/n，说明蒸馏水是/r/n___________/r/n（选填“软水”或“硬水”）。/r/n20./r/n（/r/n1/r/n0/r/n分）现有下列实验装置图，结合该图回答下列问题。/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）写出图中标号仪器的名称：/r/n①/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n②/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n③/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）实验室若用分解过氧化氢溶液的方法来制取氧气，可以选用的发生装置为/r/n /r/n（填装置序号）/r/n；若用/r/nF/r/n装置装满水来收集氧气，氧气应该从/r/n /r/n/r/n（填/r/n“a”/r/n或/r/n“b”/r/n）端通入/r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）若用加热/r/n高锰酸钾/r/n的方法制取氧气，反应的符号表达式/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n，/r/n则可选用的发生和收集装置组合为/r/n /r/n /r/n（填装置序号），试管口/r/n放一团棉花，是/r/n为了/r/n防止加热时试管内/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n进入导管/r/n；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）查阅资料得知：氨气（/r/nNH/r/n3/r/n）是一种无色、有刺激性气味的气体，密度比空气小，极易溶于水，其水溶液称为氨水；实验室用加热氯化铵和氢氧化钙两种固体混合物来制备氨气/r/n。/r/n则实验室制取氨气的装置组合可以选用/r/n /r/n/r/n/r/n（填装置序号）。/r/n21.(10/r/n分）/r/n某研究小组发现，将适量淀粉放入过氧化氢溶液中，过氧化氢溶液的分解速率加快。对/r/n于此现象，该小组同学进行了如下探究。/r/n[/r/n提出问题/r/n]/r/n淀粉能否作过氧化氢分解的催化剂？/r/n[/r/n作出猜想/r/n]/r/n淀粉能作过氧化氢分解的催化剂。/r/n[/r/n实验验证/r/n]/r/n编号/r/n实验操作/r/n实验现象/r/n①/r/n向试管中加入过氧化氢溶液，再将带火星的小木条伸入试管中/r/n小木条不复燃/r/n②/r/n向盛有过氧化氢溶液的试管中加入/r/n0.5g/r/n淀粉，再将带火星的小木条伸入试管中/r/n产生大量气泡，小木条复燃/r/n③/r/n将②中反应结束，试管中的剩余物质洗涤、干燥、称量/r/n得固体物质/r/n0.5g/r/n④/r/n将③中所得固体放试管中，重新加入过氧化氢溶液，然后将带火星的小木条伸入试管中/r/n产生大量气泡，小木条复燃/r/n[/r/n分析数据、得出结论/r/n]/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）实验③④证明淀粉的/r/n_______/r/n和/r/n______/r/n在反应前后均未发生变化。可作过氧化氢分解的催化剂。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）写出淀粉催化过氧化氢分解的文字表达式/r/n/r/n。/r/n[/r/n实验拓展/r/n]/r/n该小组设计了下图所示装置对比淀粉与二氧化锰的催化效果，实验均以生成/r/n25mL/r/n气体为准，其他可能的影响因素忽略不计，相关数据见下表：/r/n实验编号/r/n3%/r/n过氧化氢溶液的体积/r/n其他物质质量/r/n待测数据/r/nⅠ/r/n20mL/r/n淀粉/r/n0.5g/r/na/r/nⅡ/r/n20mL/r/n二氧化锰/r/n0.5g/r/nb/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）上述实验中的/r/n“/r/n待测数据/r/n”/r/n是指/r/n/r/n；最后结果表明二氧化锰的催化效果较好，则/r/na/r/n____/r/nb(/r/n填/r/n“<”/r/n/r/n“>”/r/n/r/n或/r/n/r/n“=”/r/n/r/n)/r/n。/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）小明用坩埚钳夹取少量光亮的铜丝，放在酒精灯火焰上灼烧至表面变黑后，迅速插入一只装有/r/n20mL3%/r/n过氧化氢溶液的试管中，观察到试管内迅速产生大量气泡。且变黑的铜丝质量和化学性质不发生改变，于是得出结论：氧化铜可以加快过氧化氢分解。/r/n有同学认为这个结论不可靠，原因是过氧化氢分解速率加快还可能与/r/n/r/n有关。/r/n用上述/r/n方法制备/r/n的氧气与不同/r/n物质/r/n进行反应，其中有一/r/n种/r/n固体能在氧气中燃烧，/r/n火星四射/r/n，/r/n生成黑色固体。/r/n该反应的化学符号表达式为：/r/n/r/n。/r/n为防止生成的高温熔化物溅落，炸裂瓶底，应预先在及其瓶中放少量的/r/n/r/n。/r/n2021-2022/r/n学年度第一学期初三年级/r/n期中试卷答题卡/r/n班级/r/n/r/n/r/n姓名/r/n/r/n/r/n学号/r/n/r/n一、选择题（每小题/r/n3/r/n分，共/r/n45/r/n分）/r/n1/r/n2/r/n3/r/n4/r/n5/r/n6/r/n7/r/n8/r/n9/r/n10/r/n11/r/n12/r/n12/r/n14/r/n15/r/n16/r/n．（/r/n8/r/n分）（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n，/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n5/r/n）/r/n=1\*GB3/r/n①/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n②/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n6/r/n）/r/n/r/n17./r/n（/r/n7/r/n分）（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n，/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n(2)/r/n/r/n，/r/n/r/n，/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n。/r/n/r/n18./r/n（/r/n10/r/n分）（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n/r/n。/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n。/r/n19.（10分）/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n___________/r/n。/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n__________/r/n，/r/n/r/n；/r/n/r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；/r/n/r/n。/r/n（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n。/r/n/r/n，/r/n/r/n。/r/n20./r/n（/r/n1/r/n0/r/n分）/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n①/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n②/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n；/r/n③/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n；（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n /r/n；/r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n，/r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n/r/n，/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n/r/n；（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n /r/n/r/n/r/n。/r/n21/r/n．/r/n(10/r/n分）/r/n（/r/n1/r/n）/r/n/r/n/r/n/r/n（/r/n2/r/n）/r/n/r/n。/r/n（/r/n3/r/n）/r/n/r/n；/r/n/r/n。（/r/n4/r/n）/r/n/r/n。/r/n（5）/r/n/r/n。/r/n/r/n。/r/n参考答案/r/n选择题（每小题/r/n3/r/n分，共/r/n45/r/n分）/r/n1/r/n2/r/n3/r/n4/r/n5/r/n6/r/n7/r/n8/r/n9/r/n10/r/n11/r/n12/r/n13/r/n14/r/n15/r/nC/r/nB/r/nD/r/nD/r/nB/r/nB/r/nD/r/nA/r/nC/r/nB/r/nB/r/nB/r/nC/r/nD/r/nD/r/n（以下题目每空一分，表达式/r/n2/r/n分）/r/n(8/r/n分/r/n