高一英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解D

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！专题04阅读理解D【Passage1•广东省东莞市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末英语试题】Someoftheoldestartinhumanhistoryisbeingdamaged,scientistssay.Andclimatechangemaybespeedingupitsloss.NewresearchreportsthatancientrockartinIndonesiancavesisdegradingovertime,asbitsofrockslowlybreakofffromthewalls.It'sahugelossforhumanhistory.Saltcrystals（结晶）buildinguponthewallsareakeypartoftheproblem,thestudysuggests.Thesesaltcrystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowlybreakdown.Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwetconditionsandperiodsofdrought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimatecontinuestowarm.Inparticular,theresearcherssay,climatechangemaycausemoreintenseElNino（厄尔尼诺）eventsinthefuture.TheseeventscanstrengthenthekindsofconditionsthathelpsaltcrystalsformScientistsarestilldebatingtheexactinfluenceofclimatechangeonElNino,anaturalclimatecyclethatdriveschangingpatternsofwarmingandcoolinginthePacificOcean.Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouthSulawesi,Indonesia.Theresearchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartTherearemorethan300knowneaveartsitesaroundtheregion.Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,addingthatclimatechangeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.12．Whatisthemaincauseoftherocksbreakingofffromthewall?A．Weatherpatterns. B．Saltcrystals.C．Wetconditions. D．DroughtPeriods.13．Whichofthefollowingmayresearchersagreewith?A．ElNinoeventspreventsaltcrystalsforming.B．ClimatechangemakeslittledifferencetoElNino.C．Saltcrystalsmaybecomemuchlargerinwetconditions.D．Constantwarmweathermaycausesaltcrystalstochangesize.14．WhichwordbestdescribesHuntley'sattitudetoclimatechange?A．Worried. B．Curious. C．Doubtful. D．Positive.15．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Theformationandpatternsofsaltcrystals. B．Theimpactofclimatechangeonancientrockarts,C．Thehistoricalvalueofancientrockartincavesites.D．Thethreatsofhumanactivitiestoancienteaveartsites.【答案】12．B13．D14．A15．B【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述新的研究报告称，随着时间的推移，印尼洞穴中的古代岩石艺术正在退化，一些岩石从墙壁上逐渐脱落。研究人员分析了原因，认为气候变化需要进一步关注。12．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Thesesaltcrystalsgointothecavewalls,changingsizesastemperaturesriseandfall.Thisprocesscausestherocktoslowlybreakdown.(这些盐晶体进入洞穴壁，随着温度的升高而改变大小。这个过程会导致岩石慢慢地分解。)可知，盐晶体是岩石从墙上脱落的主要原因。故选B项。13．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“Saltcrystalsmaybecomelargerwhenexposedtorepeatedchangesbetweenwetconditionsandperiodsofdrought.Thesekindsofchangesareexpectedtobecomemoreobviousastheclimatecontinuestowarm.(当盐晶体暴露在潮湿条件和干旱之间不断变化中时，盐晶体可能会变得更大，随着气候继续变暖，这些变化预计会变得更加明显)”可知，研究人员同意，持续温暖的天气可能会导致盐晶体的大小发生变化。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley”可知，研究是JillianHuntley领导的，再根据最后一句“Theresearchersnotethatsaltcrystalsmayindeedbepartoftheproblem,addingthatclimatechangeisagrowingthreat,onethatdeservesmoreattention.(研究人员指出，盐晶体可能确实是问题的一部分，并补充说，气候变化是一个日益严重的威胁，值得进一步关注)”可推断，Huntley担心气候变化，值得进一步关注。故选A项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Thenewstudy,ledbyJillianHuntley,examined11ancientcaveartsitesinSouthSulawesi,Indonesia.Theresearchersfoundevidenceofsaltformationatall11sites.It'smerelyasmallpartTherearemorethan300knowncaveartsitesaroundtheregion.(这项由JillianHuntley领导的新研究调查了印尼南苏拉威西岛的11个古代洞穴艺术遗址。研究人员在所有11个地点都发现了盐形成的证据。这只是一小部分，该地区有300多个已知的洞穴艺术遗址)”可推断，气候变化影响古代岩石艺术。故选B项。【Passage2•黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题】AlexZhang,a26-year-oldmaleengineeringworker,hasbeenworkingatoneofChina’sleadingtelecommunicationcompaniesforyears.Hebelievesthatthecurrentsituationathiscompanyhasbecomestagnant,despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeandvolunteeringmorefrequentlytoworkonweekends.“Atfirstpeoplewouldtrytoworklikeahorse,butgraduallytherisingnumberofworkinghoursdoesn’tmeanahigherrewardanymorebutwillonlybringanxietyandstress,”Zhangadded.“Also,assomepeoplerealizetheyhavetostayovertimeanyway,theybecomeslack(懈怠的)duringtheday.”“Involution,”ornèijuǎninChinese,isarisingbuzzword(流行语)inChina,referringtothestatusofnotmakinganyprogressanddevelopment.ItwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudenthastofacetogetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.Laterithasspreadfastandcometorefertotheabnormalworkcultureofbigcompanieswhere996―workingfrom9a.m.to9p.m.,6daysaweek―iscommon.Moreandmoretiredworkershavebeguntotalkaboutsimilarlydepressingworkingconditionstheyface,fuelingheateddiscussionsonline.Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZarebeginningtochoose“lyingflat”—anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflecttheunresistingandunbotheredattitude.Besidesbeingusedintheworkplace,otherareasthat“lyingflat”happensincludemarriage,consumption(消费),andsocialactivities.Feelingmoreandmorepowerless,someyoungpeoplehavehadacompletelackofinterestingettingmarried,havingkids,andmakinglargepurchases.WhenChina’s“thethree-childpolicy”ismakingwavesontheinternet,somenetizensarerespondingwithcommentsthatpointtothedeepcauseswithineducation,housing,andtheunfairtreatmentthatfemaleemployeesface,allofwhicharereasonsbehindpeople’s“lyingdown”attitude.Whatisonearththerightattitudetowardslife?Amongtheheateddiscussiononline,“Iliedown.Youinvolute.Neitherofusistheother’sbusiness.”wasoneofthemostpopularcomments.Butarethereonlytwooptions?Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothinkaboutishowtoadjustyourmindandgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshouldertheresponsibility.That’sit.22．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stagnant”inparagraph1mean?A．Energetic. B．Inactive.C．Competitive. D．Exhausted.23．Inwhichofthefollowingcontextswastheterm“involution”firstused?A．Workplace. B．Politics.C．Education. D．Marriage.24．Accordingtothetext,whyaresomeyoungpeoplebeginningtochoose“lyingflat”?A．Theyfollowthecrowdblindly.B．Theydevelopasenseofincapabilityintherace.C．Theyareindifferenttoreallifebynature.D．Theybecomelessfitforlackofregularexercises.25．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroducetheoriginoftheterm“involution”.B．TocriticizetheyoungChinesewhoare“lyingflat”.C．Tostresstheimportanceoftheunresistingattitude.D．Toinspireapositiveattitudeintheinvolutedpeople.【答案】22．B23．C24．B25．D【解析】【分析】本文是议论文，面对当前的“内卷”现象，人们选择躺平，本文作者希望人们调整思想，摆脱焦虑。22．词义猜测题。根据划线部分后一句“despitethefactthathisco-workersarestayinglaterandlaterintheofficeandvolunteeringmorefrequentlytoworkonweekends.”尽管他的同事们在办公室待得越来越晚，自愿在周末更频繁地工作。后文使用尽管作为转折，意思是和前文相反，后文说同事们更频繁工作，前文与后文相反，应该表示同事们“无所事事”，B项符合意思，故选B项。23．细节理解题。根据第三段“ItwasfirstusedtodescribetheunreasonableamountofworkeverystudenthastofacetogetcompetitivegradesinsideChineseuniversities.”这个词最初是用来形容中国大学里每个学生为了获得有竞争力的成绩而付出的不合理的努力。可知，“内卷”这个词初次被用于教育领域，故选C项。24．推理判断题。根据第四段“Facingsuchanexhaustingandunrewardingcompetition,GenerationYandZarebeginningtochoose“lyingflat”—anewphrasepopularizedwithinthelastfewweeks,meanttoreflecttheunresistingandunbotheredattitude.”面对这样一场令人筋疲力尽、毫无回报的竞争，Y一代和Z一代开始选择“躺平”—这是最近几周流行起来的一个新词，旨在反映一种不抗拒、不烦恼的态度。可知，人们选择躺平的原因是因为他们在比赛中产生了一种无能感。故选B项。25．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Insteadofthinkingabouthowtomakeadifficultchoice,whatyouneedtothinkaboutishowtoadjustyourmindandgetridofanxiety.Liveyourownlifebasedonrealityandshouldertheresponsibility.That’sit.”你需要考虑的不是如何做出艰难的选择，而是如何调整你的思想，摆脱焦虑。以现实为基础，活出自己的人生，承担责任。就是这样。可知本篇文章的目的是为了在纷繁复杂的人群中激发一种积极的态度。故选D项。【Passage3•河北省衡水市冀州区第一中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试卷】COVIDherdimmunity(群体免疫)willnothappenin2021WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)chiefscientistSoumyaSwaminathansaidMondaythatherdimmunitytocoronaviruswouldnotbeachievedin2021,despitethegrowingavailabilityofvaccines(疫苗产量).Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindevelopingcountries,skepticism(怀疑)overvaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations(变异),accordingtohealthexperts.Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Singapore,GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns.Herdimmunityoccurswhenenoughpeopleinapopulationhaveimmunitytoaninfection(感染)sothatitpreventsthediseasefromspreading.“Wearenotgoingtoachieveanylevelsofpopulationimmunityorherdimmunityin2021,”Swaminathansaid,whileemphasizingthatmeasureslikephysicaldistancing,handwashingandmaskwearingcontinuetobenecessaryincontrollingCOVID’sspreadfortherestoftheyear.However,Swaminathanpraisedthe“incredibleprogress”madebyvaccineresearcherstodevelopseveralsafeandeffectivevaccinesatunprecedented(空前的)speed.CountriesarecurrentlyadministeringvaccinesdevelopedbyBioNTech-Pfizer,OxfordUniversityAstraZenecaandModerna.“Thevaccinesaregoingtocome,”shesaid.“Theyaregoingtogotoallcountries,butmeanwhilewemustn’tforgetthattherearemeasuresthatwork,”sheadded,referringtohygiene(卫生)andsocialdistancing.“Wewon’tgetbacktonormalquickly,”DaleFisher,chairmanoftheWHO’sOutbreakAlertandResponseNetwork,toldaconferencehostedbyReutersnewsagency.“Weknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandweneedthatinamajorityofcountries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021,”Fishersaid.“Theremightbesomecountriesthatmightachieveitbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols,”headded.12．Whichofthefollowingarenotthefactorsthatdelayherdimmunity?A．Peopleareskepticalaboutvaccination.B．Accesstovaccinesindevelopingcountriesislimited.C．Agrowingnumberofcountriesbeginmass-vaccinationcampaigns.D．Virusmutationsarelikelytohappen.13．Asforthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns,whichcountryisnotmentionedinthepassage?A．Vietnam. B．Germany. C．Singapore. D．theUnitedKingdom.14．WhatcanwelearnfromwhatFishersaid?A．Inmanycountriesin2021,peoplewillliveanormallifeintermsofbordercontrols.B．Ifsomecountriesmightachieveherdimmunity,peoplewilllivea“normal”life.C．Intermsofgoodbordercontrols,wecanachieveherdimmunity.D．Theremaybealongwaytogettoherdimmunityallovertheworld.15．WhatistheattitudeofSwaminathantotheprogressofvaccinedevelopment?A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Critical. D．neutral.【答案】12．C13．A14．D15．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在新型冠状病毒肆虐的现在，尽管全球多国已经开始大规模疫苗接种，2021年仍无法实现任何程度的群体免疫，并具体说明了其中的原因。12．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Factorsthatdelayherdimmunityincludelimitedaccesstovaccinesindevelopingcountries,skepticismovervaccination,andthepotentialforvirusmutations,accordingtohealthexperts.(据卫生专家说，推迟群体免疫的因素包括发展中国家获得疫苗的机会有限、对疫苗接种的怀疑以及病毒突变的可能性)”结合选项可推知，越来越多的国家开始大规模接种疫苗不是推迟群体免疫的因素。故选C项。13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Agrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworld,includingtheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Singapore,GermanyandotherEuropeanUnioncountries,areinthefirststagesofmass-vaccinationcampaigns.(世界上越来越多的国家，包括美国、英国、新加坡、德国和其他欧盟国家，正处于大规模疫苗接种运动的第一阶段)”可推知，处于大规模疫苗接种运动第一阶段的国家中，没有提及越南。故选A项。14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Weknowweneedtogettoherdimmunityandweneedthatinamajorityofcountries,butwearenotgoingtoseethatin2021(我们知道我们需要获得群体免疫力，我们需要在大多数国家获得这种免疫力，但我们不会在2021年看到这种情况)”以及“Theremightbesomecountriesthatmightachieveitbuteventhenthatwillnotcreatenormalespeciallyintermsofbordercontrols(可能有些国家可能实现这一目标，但即便如此，也不会创造正常的环境，特别是在边境管制方面)”可知，Fisher认为有些国家可能实现群体免疫这一目标，但全世界范围内获得群体免疫能力近期是看不到的，从而推知，要想在全世界范围内获得群体免疫也许还有很长的路要走。故选D项。15．推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“However,Swaminathanpraisedthe“incredibleprogress”madebyvaccineresearcherstodevelopseveralsafeandeffectivevaccinesatunprecedentedspeed.(然而，Swaminathan赞扬疫苗研究人员以前所未有的速度研制出几种安全有效的疫苗所取得的“令人难以置信的进展”)”可知，Swaminathan称赞疫苗研究人员所取得的进展是“令人难以置信的”，从而推知，Swaminathan对疫苗研发的进展持积极的的态度。故选A项。【Passage4•宁夏银川一中2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题】ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon’tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人）maywatchlotsofTV.TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.ThesewithcollegedegreeshadwatchanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,comparedwithanaverageofmorethan2.5hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescoredthelowestwhilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.32．AccordingtotheCaliforniastudy,thelow-scoringgroupmight_________.A．havehadcomputersintheirbedrooms B．notbeinterestedinmathC．beunabletogotocollege D．havewatchedalotofTV33．Whatistheresearchers'understandingoftheNewZealandstudyresults?A．Poorlymotivated26-year-oldswatchmoreTV.B．HabitsofTVwatchingreducelearninginterest.C．TheconnectionbetweenTVandeducationlevelsisdifficulttoexplain.D．TVwatchingleadstolowereducationlevelsofthe15-year-olds.34．Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs? A．TVsetsshouldn'tbeallowedinchildren'sbedrooms. B．ChildrenshouldbeforbiddenfromwatchingTV.C．Moretimeshouldbespentoncomputers.D．Furtherstudiesonhigh-achievingstudentsshouldbedone35．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A．ComputersorTelevision B．EffectsofTelevisiononChildrenC．StudiesonTVandCollegeEducation D．TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits【答案】32．D33．C34．A35．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。最新调查发现，看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，造成他们分数低。越来越多的研究结果表明，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildrenwithoutbedroomTVs.(其中一项研究调查了近400名北加利福尼亚三年级学生。在数学和语言艺术测试中，卧室里有电视的孩子比卧室里没有电视的孩子要低8分左右。)”可知，根据加州的研究，卧室里有电视的那一组得分低，他们可能看了很多电视，故选D。33．推理判断题。根据第三段“Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon’tprovethatTVisthecauseanddon'trideoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters(年轻人）maywatchlotsofTV.(另一项研究对新西兰近1000名成年人进行了调查，发现童年时看过很多电视的26岁成年人的教育水平较低。但研究结果并不能证明电视是原因，也不能排除已经缺乏动力的年轻人可能会看很多电视的情况。)”可推断，通过新西兰调查研究结果，研究人员认为：电视和教育水平之间的因果关系很难解释，故选C。34．推理判断题。倒数第二段介绍了加州的研究，最后一段得出结论：“WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms(虽然这项研究没有证明卧室里的电视机导致了较低的分数，但它进一步证实了越来越多的研究结果:孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视).”可知，通过最后两段我们可以得知，孩子们的卧室里不应该有电视。故选A。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesofgettingacollegedegree(看太多电视会损害孩子的学习能力，甚至会减少他们获得大学学位的机会)…”和最后一段“itaddstoincreasingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn'thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.(越来越多的研究结果表明，孩子们不应该在卧室里放电视。)”可知，本文主要介绍电视对孩子的影响和危害，选项B.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren符合题意，故选B。【Passage5•陕西省咸阳市2020-2021学年高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题】AviLoeb,ascientist,believesthatwearenotaloneintheuniverse.ThebelieffitswithLoeb'salienspaceshiptheorythatatleastonealienspaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternationalattentionlastyear.AstronomersinHawaiifoundthefirstknowninterstellarobjectinlate2017.Itwasabitoflightmovingsofastpastthesunthatitcouldonlyhavecomefromanotherstar.Almosteveryastronomerontheplanetwastryingtofigureouthowtheobject,called“Oumuamua”gottoourfar-awaypartoftheMilkywaygalaxy.“Onepossibilityisthat‘Oumuamua’isdebrisfromanadvancedtechnologicalequipment,”Loebsaid.“Technologycomesfromanothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.”“‘Oumuamua’isnotanalienspaceship,”PaulSutter,anotherscientistwrote.HesuggestedLoebwasseekingpublicity.Mostscientiststhink“Oumuamua”issomesortofrock.Theythinkitcouldbeanicywanderingcomet.Loebsaysthat“Oumuamua's”behaviormeansitcan'tbeablockofrockshapedlikealongphoto.Hethinksit'smorelikelyanobjectthat'sverylongandthin,perhapslikealongpancakeoraship'ssail.Loebsaysthatifsomeoneshowshimevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs,hewillimmediatelygivein.Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quietscientists.“TheworstthingthatcanhappentomeisthatIwouldberelievedofmymanagementduties,andthatwouldgivemeevenmoretimetofocusonscience,”Loebsays.Hesaidhewouldn'tmindgivingupallthetitleshehadandreturningtotheIsraelifarmingvillagewherehegrewup.12．WhatdoesLoebsayabout“Oumuamua”?A．Itisanicycomet. B．Itlookslikealongphoto.C．Itisactuallysomesortofrock. D．Itmaycomefromanotheraliencivilization.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“contradicts”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Goesagainst. B．Relieson. C．Turnsto. D．Searchesfor.14．WhatdoyouthinkofLoeb?A．Heisfoolish. B．Heisunsatisfiedwithhistitles.C．Heisafirmbelieverinscientifictruth. D．Heisuncertainabouthiscareerfuture.15．What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A．HaveAliensPaidaVisitinSpaceships? B．DoWeReallyKnowaboutSpaceTheory?C．ScientistsAreWorkingonHighTechnology D．AstronomersAreEncouragingSpaceTravel【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家AviLoeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，讨论它是否是外星飞船临近地球。12．细节理解题。根据第二段中Loeb所说“Onepossibilityisthat‘Oumuamua’isdebris(碎片)fromanadvancedtechnologicalequipment(一种可能是‘Oumuamua’是来自先进技术设备的碎片)”以及“Technologycomesfromanothersolarsystemjustshowedupatourdoor.(来自另一个太阳系的技术刚刚出现在我们的门口)”可知，Loeb认为“Oumuamua”可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D。13．词句猜测题。根据上一段中PaulSutter所说“‘Oumuamua’isnotanalienspaceship(‘Oumuamua’不是外星飞船)”可知，有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；根据划线词句后半句“hewillimmediatelygivein(他会立即让步)”可知，Loeb并不是绝对要坚持自己的观点，在某种条件下，他会让步的；而划线部分“Loebsaysthatifsomeoneshowshimevidencethatcontradictshisbeliefs…(Loeb说，如果有人向他出示证据contradicts他的信念……)”说明如果其他科学家提供的证据和他的信念不一致，他会让步的，从而推断出划线单词contradicts为“不一致；相违背”的意思。A.Goesagainst.违背；B.Relieson.依靠；C.Turnsto.求助于；D.Searchesfor.寻找。故选A。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Loebbelieveshimselfatruth-tellerandrisk-takerinanageofverysafe,too-quietscientists.(Loeb认为，在一个科学家非常安全、过于安静的时代，他是一个讲真话的人，也是一个敢于冒险的人)”可知，Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“ThebelieffitswithLoeb’salienspaceshiptheorythatatleastonealienspaceshipmightbeflyingovertheorbitofJupiter,whichwontheinternationalattentionlastyear.(这一观点与Loeb的外星飞船理论相吻合，该理论认为至少有一艘外星飞船可能正在飞越木星的轨道，该理论去年引起了国际关注)”等内容可知，本文主要讲述科学家AviLoeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辩论是否是外星飞船临近地球。选项A“外星人乘坐宇宙飞船来过吗？”突出科学家们的辩论主题，引人注意，适合做标题。故选A。【Passage6•湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末检测英语试题】Whilespacetravelstillgetslotofattention,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheexplorationofoceans,aboutwhichweknowmuchlessthanthedarksideofthemoon.

Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeentothemoon,thetechnologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.Forexample,apermanentpartially-underwaterseaexplorationstation,calledtheSeaOrbiter,iscurrentlyindevelopment.Theoceansplayamajorroleincontrollingourclimate.Butwehavenotlearnedyethowtousethemtocoolusoffratherthancontributetoouroverheating.Oceanorganismsaresaidtoholdthepromiseofcuresforawideoftheuniqueeyesofskate(rayfish)ledtoadvancesinconqueringblindness,thehorseshoecrabwasimportantindevelopingatestforbacterialpollution,andseaurchinshelpedinthedevelopmentoftest-tubefertilization(人工授精).Thetoadfish's'abilitytoregenerateitscentralnervoussystemisofmuchinteresttoneuroscientists.ArecentJapanesestudyconcludedthatthedrugEribulin,whichwastakenfromseasponges,iseffectiveinfightingwithbreast,colon,andUrinarycancer.Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprovecurrentmethods,ofdesalinating(淡化)oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.By2025,1.8billionpeopleareexpectedtosufferfromseverewatershortage,withthatnumberjumpingto3.9billionby2050-welloverathirdoftheentireglobalpopulation.

Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringabacteriumthateatscarbondioxide—andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating—andproducesfuelwhichwillallowustodriveourcarsandmachines,withoutoil?Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,AmericansorcitizensofothernationswouldbelessimpressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofafarawaygalaxyorawholeMilkyWayfullofstars.12．Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttheoceanexploration?A．Itisequaltothespaceexploration. B．Itiswelldeveloped.C．Itdeservesmoreattentionanddevotion. D．Itisbeyondourknowledge.13．Whattechnologyhasbeendevelopedtomakeuseoftheoceans?A．Curinghumandiseaseswithoceanorganisms. B．Preventingtheworldgettingwarmer.C．Mappingtheglobaloceanfloor. D．Removingsaltfromseawater.14．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Thetemperaturerisewillbeovercomebyabacterium. B．Solvingtheexistingproblemsismoresignificant.C．Thespaceexplorationisworththeefforts. D．Theoceanexplorationisnotinspiring.15．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Oceans,theLastHope. B．Oceans,theHiddenTreasure.C．Space,theFinalFrontier. D．Space,theFarawayDream.【答案】12．C13．D14．B15．B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。虽然太空旅行仍然得到了很多关注，但对海洋的探索却没有得到足够的关注。文章介绍了海洋世界研究的进展，就像一座宝藏，呼吁人们关注海洋。12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ninetypercentoftheoceanfloorhasnotevenbeenrecordedandwhilewehavebeentothemoon,thetechnologytoexploretheocean'sfloorsisstillbeingdeveloped.(90%的海底甚至没有被记录下来，虽然我们去过月球，但探索海底的技术仍在开发中)”可知，作者认为我们对海洋的探索认知不够，认为我们应该更多的去关注海洋探索。故选C项。13．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Giventheapproachingcrisisofwaterinsufficiency,webadlyneedtoimprovecurrentmethods,ofdesalinating(淡化)oceanwaterandmakethemmoreefficientandlesscostly.(鉴于水资源短缺危机的迫近，我们迫切需要改进现有的海水淡化方法，使其更有效、成本更低)”其中表示我们迫切需要改进现有的海水淡化方法，由此可推断，已经研发了海水去除盐的技术。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Iftheoceansdonotmakeyourheartgobeatingfaster,howaboutengineeringabacteriumthateatscarbondioxide—andthushelpsprotecttheworldfromoverheating—andproducesfuelwhichwillallowustodriveourcarsandmachines,withoutoil?(如果海洋不能让你心跳加快，那么如何制造一种细菌来吞噬二氧化碳——从而帮助保护世界免于过热——并生产出能让我们不用石油就能驾驶汽车和机器的燃料呢?)”可知，海洋问题，全球变暖问题，燃油二氧化碳排放问题是目前已客观存在的问题，迫在眉睫。及“Icannotfindanyevidencethatpeopleyoungorold,AmericansorcitizensofothernationswouldbelessimpressedorlessinspiredwithsuchabreakthroughthanwithonemoresetofphotosofafarawaygalaxyorawholeMilkyWayfullofstars.(我找不到任何证据表明，与多一组遥远星系或充满恒星的整个银河系的照片相比，年轻人或老年人、美国人或其他国家的公民对这一突破的印象更深刻或更不受鼓舞)”可以看出作者暗示，人们也会对这些现实世界的重大突破会更关心的，比那些遥远的星系的图片更欢欣鼓舞，即解决存在的问题更有意义。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whilespacetravelstillgetslotofattention,notenoughattentionhasbeenpaidtotheexplorationofoceans,aboutwhichweknowmuchlessthanthedarksideofthemoon.(虽然太空旅行仍然得到了很多关注，但对海洋的探索却没有得到足够的关注。我们对它的了解比月球的黑暗面少得多)”可知，作者表示，相对于宇宙，我们对海洋的关注与重视不够。海洋是本文关键词。及第三段“Theoceansplayamajorroleincontrollingourclimate.(海洋在控制气候方面起着重要作用)”可知，应对目前紧迫的环境问题，海洋具有重要地位，就像一座宝藏，呼吁人们关注海洋。“海洋，隐藏的宝藏”最适合作文章标题。故选B项。【Passage7•山东省名校2021-2022学年高一下学期大联考考试英语试题】Underwaterexplorershavediscoveredanancientshipwreck(沉船)intheruinsofalong-lostsunkenEgyptiancityHeracleion,offthecoastofAlexandriainEgypt.Researchershaveprovedtheshiptobeover2,000yearsoldamongtheruins.AlthoughHeracleionwasonceanimportanteconomiccenter,itwasdestroyedbytheforcesofnature,sinking(下沉)rapidlyinthewater.Theremainsofthecity’shouses,temples,andmarketshavelaintenmetersdeepintheAbuQirBay,eastofpresent-dayAlexandria,Asaresult，underwaterexplorersregularlymakeexcitingdiscoveriesthere.Amongthem,statuesandstonetabletswithwordsmadeitpossibletofigureoutthecity’sname:Heracleion.Researchersexplainedthattheshipwas25meterslong.Thediscoveryoftheshipwreckwasfascinatingbecauseshipsfromthatperiodinhistorywereveryseldom.Theunderwaterresearchshowedthattheshipwasstruckbyseveralbigstonesfromthenearbytemple,makingtheshipatthebottomofthesea.Dr.MustafaWaziri,Secretary-GeneraloftheHigherArchaeologyCouncil,saidtheshipwasinthecanal(运河)whichflowedalongthesideoftheTempleofAmun.Anearthquakestruckthecity,makingthetemp