认知神经科学课件

CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs（Eventrelatedpotentials）CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs认知神经科学—CognitiveNeuroscience是一门研究人脑高级功能的学科，它是认知科学与神经脑科学结合的产物。认知神经科学的研究目的在于阐明认知活动的脑机制，其学科分支包括认知神经心理学、认知心理生理学、认知生理心理学、认知神经生物学、计算神经科学。认知神经科学认知神经科学—CognitiveNeurosciencEvent-relatedpotentialsEvent-relatedbrainpotentials

凡是外加一种特定的刺激，作用于感觉系统或脑的某一部位，在给予刺激或撤消刺激时，在脑区引起的电位变化。

*刺激缺失事件相关（脑）电位Event-relatedpotentials事件相关（EEG对ERPs的淹没叠加平均基本原理

ERPs波形恒定

潜伏期恒定叠加n次：信噪比提高√n

倍例如：

ERPs=0.5×EEGn=100—100×ERP—10×EEG—ERPs=5×EEGERPs提取的基本原理EEG对ERPs的淹没ERPs提取的基本原理ERP的学术位置属于心理生理学（psychophysiology）范畴心理生理学以心理因素为自变量，以生理指标为应变量，一般以人为被试。生理心理学（physiologicalpsychology）以生理变化为自变量，以心理因素为应变量，一般以动物为被试。心理生理学是从生理心理学中分离出来的，同属认知神经科学。认知神经科学是当前脑科学界颇受关注的领域，ERP是其中的重要组成部分。事件相关（脑）电位ERP的学术位置事件相关（脑）电位ERPs研究成分研究应用研究特点及其影响因素起源及产生机制心理生理临床应用特因条件功能评估注意、记忆、语言加工、运动知觉等神经精神科、昏迷愈后、辅助诊断等航空、航天、航海、恶劣环境条件等驾驶疲劳、功能评估、音乐认知能力、健康评估等ERPs的研究分类ERPs成分研究应用研究特点及其影响因素起源及产生机制心理生Oddball两种刺激物三种刺激物新异刺激物的插入标准刺激(Standard)偏差刺激(Deviant)靶刺激(Target)非靶刺激(non-Target)标准模式缺失刺激为靶P3aP3bOddball两种刺激物标准刺激(Standard)标准模StandardDeviantStandardDeviantStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stokic,1998)StandardStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stoki(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2004)StandardDeviantNovel(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2AuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedpatientsNovelOddballParadigmTarget2000Hz15%Non-Target1000Hz70%AuditoryNovelStimuli15%PressAuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedFzCzPzNon-targetNovelTargetBlack：Depression；Red：NormalP3aP3bFzNon-targetNovelAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDensityNormal(358ms)

Depressed(358ms)MGFPPeakAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDeNormal－Depressed抑郁症患者（右）额叶认知功能障碍(LvJ,ZhaoL,etal,2010)Normal－Depressed抑郁症患者（右）额BehavioralInhibitingResponsesIftheusualtarget-detectiontaskisinvertedsothatthesubjectrespondstothestandardstimuliandwithholdsresponsefromthetarget,theN2wavetotheno-gostimulusisincreasedinamplitude(Eimer,1993)andtheP300ismorefrontallydistributed(e.g.,Hillyard,etal,1976;Robertsetal.,1994;Falkensteinetal,1995)BehavioralInhibitingResponse(Zhang,etal，2007)InhibitingResponsesNogoGo(Zhang,etal，2007)Inhibiting(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2007)(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2FacingsomeproblemsofemotionalregulationatthestageofcopingwiththeconflictinInternetAddictionpatients-200600uV2.5-2.5FZmsIApatientsNormalNogoPZGoP3goP3nogoN2nogo(Dang,etal，unpublisheddata)山川山川Facingsomeproblemsofemotio面孔识别的心理生理机制面孔识别的心理生理机制FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Searcy&Bartlett,1996）

FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Sear（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcomponentRightMastoidLeftMastoid5-5VN170FaceChairBird-7µV+7µVPotentialdistributionat170msafterstimulusonsetCarmel&Bentin,2000N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcFunctionalcharacteristicsoftheN170-effectNotsensitivetofacefamiliarity(Bentin&Deouell,2000).Sensitivetolocalmorethantoglobalinformationandnotadverselyaffectedbyinhibitingconfiguralprocessing:Largereffectforisolatedeyesandfacecomponentsthanforfullfaces(Bentinetal.,1996,Bentin&Aviezer,unpublished;Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished).Notsignificantlyreducedbyrandomrelocationofinnercomponents(Bentinetal.,1996).Notreduced(indeedenhanced)byfaceinversion(Bentinetal.1996;Sagiv&Bentin,2001;Rossionetal,1999;2000)Despiteglobalfaceconfiguration,itiseliminatedwhenlocalinformationisnotphysiognomic(Bentin,Golland,&,Moscovitch,2003).FunctionalcharacteristicsofHypotheticalroleoftheperceptualmechanismassociatedwiththeN170-effectTheN170-effectisassociatedwithan“early”perceptualmechanismtunedtodetectvisualfeaturesthatarecharacteristictoafacephysiognomy.Itsrolemightbetotriggertheface-characteristicstructuralencodingprocesseswhenpertinentstimuliarepresentinthevisualfield.HypotheticalroleoftheperceAge-relatedchangesduringtheearly-stagefaceprocessingInvestigatingtheeffectsofagingonthefacedetectionandconfiguralprocessingbyface-sensitiveN170.Iftheageinginfluencesthefacedetectionorconfiguralprocessing,N170effectorN170inversioneffectshouldbedifferentforyoungerandolderadults.(Gao.,etal,2009)Age-relatedchangesduringthe(Gao,etal,2009)N170effect(Gao,etal,2009)N170effectN170inversioneffectoffaces(Gao,etal,2009)N170inversioneffectoffaces(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)ExpressionMismatchNegativity（EMMN）(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)Express(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)EMMNindepressionpatients-100400msuV-1.51.5T6

NormalDepressionEMMNChang,etal.2010EMMNindepressionpatients-10近期研究Visualperception、UnconsciousnessprocessingInternetAddictionAutism&DepressionBurnout运动员、人才选拔、职业健康、青少年心理健康等Bindingtheory……近期研究Visualperception、UnconscThankyouforyourattentionThankyouforyourattentionFamiliarityeffectsonN170LeftMastoid8005V-5V0400millisecondsRightMastoid0400milliseconds

UNFAMILIAR

FAMILIAR

BUTTERFLIES-5µV+5µVUnfamiliarFamiliarBentin&Deouell,2000FamiliarityeffectsonN170LefN170elicitedbyfacesandfacecomponentsLeftMastoid-550RightMastoid50-5µV02004006008000200400600800Milliseconds-440µV02004006008000200400600800Milliseconds-440Bentin&McCarthy,unpublishedN170elicitedbyfacesandfac0200400milliseconds05-510LeftMastoid.VRightMastoid0200400milliseconds+2.5-2.5N170(in)sensitivitytothefaceconfigurationBentinetal.,19960200400milliseconds05-510Left0100200300400MillisecondsIM20

100

200

300

400

MillisecondsIM1-5V5VFaceinversioneffectonN170

0100200300400MillisecondsIM20N170isassociatedwithlocalperception

P8

P7

RightMastoidLeftMastoid02.5mV2.5mV02.5mV2.5mVmilliseconds0200400milliseconds0200400

Block2

Block3

Block1N170isassociatedwithlocalCognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs（Eventrelatedpotentials）CognitiveNeuroscience

&ERPs认知神经科学—CognitiveNeuroscience是一门研究人脑高级功能的学科，它是认知科学与神经脑科学结合的产物。认知神经科学的研究目的在于阐明认知活动的脑机制，其学科分支包括认知神经心理学、认知心理生理学、认知生理心理学、认知神经生物学、计算神经科学。认知神经科学认知神经科学—CognitiveNeurosciencEvent-relatedpotentialsEvent-relatedbrainpotentials

凡是外加一种特定的刺激，作用于感觉系统或脑的某一部位，在给予刺激或撤消刺激时，在脑区引起的电位变化。

*刺激缺失事件相关（脑）电位Event-relatedpotentials事件相关（EEG对ERPs的淹没叠加平均基本原理

ERPs波形恒定

潜伏期恒定叠加n次：信噪比提高√n

倍例如：

ERPs=0.5×EEGn=100—100×ERP—10×EEG—ERPs=5×EEGERPs提取的基本原理EEG对ERPs的淹没ERPs提取的基本原理ERP的学术位置属于心理生理学（psychophysiology）范畴心理生理学以心理因素为自变量，以生理指标为应变量，一般以人为被试。生理心理学（physiologicalpsychology）以生理变化为自变量，以心理因素为应变量，一般以动物为被试。心理生理学是从生理心理学中分离出来的，同属认知神经科学。认知神经科学是当前脑科学界颇受关注的领域，ERP是其中的重要组成部分。事件相关（脑）电位ERP的学术位置事件相关（脑）电位ERPs研究成分研究应用研究特点及其影响因素起源及产生机制心理生理临床应用特因条件功能评估注意、记忆、语言加工、运动知觉等神经精神科、昏迷愈后、辅助诊断等航空、航天、航海、恶劣环境条件等驾驶疲劳、功能评估、音乐认知能力、健康评估等ERPs的研究分类ERPs成分研究应用研究特点及其影响因素起源及产生机制心理生Oddball两种刺激物三种刺激物新异刺激物的插入标准刺激(Standard)偏差刺激(Deviant)靶刺激(Target)非靶刺激(non-Target)标准模式缺失刺激为靶P3aP3bOddball两种刺激物标准刺激(Standard)标准模StandardDeviantStandardDeviantStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stokic,1998)StandardStandardDeviant(Tarkka&Stoki(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2004)StandardDeviantNovel(DAVIDE.J.LINDEN.Review,2AuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedpatientsNovelOddballParadigmTarget2000Hz15%Non-Target1000Hz70%AuditoryNovelStimuli15%PressAuditoryP3b/P3aindepressedFzCzPzNon-targetNovelTargetBlack：Depression；Red：NormalP3aP3bFzNon-targetNovelAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDensityNormal(358ms)

Depressed(358ms)MGFPPeakAuditoryP3aCortexCurrentDeNormal－Depressed抑郁症患者（右）额叶认知功能障碍(LvJ,ZhaoL,etal,2010)Normal－Depressed抑郁症患者（右）额BehavioralInhibitingResponsesIftheusualtarget-detectiontaskisinvertedsothatthesubjectrespondstothestandardstimuliandwithholdsresponsefromthetarget,theN2wavetotheno-gostimulusisincreasedinamplitude(Eimer,1993)andtheP300ismorefrontallydistributed(e.g.,Hillyard,etal,1976;Robertsetal.,1994;Falkensteinetal,1995)BehavioralInhibitingResponse(Zhang,etal，2007)InhibitingResponsesNogoGo(Zhang,etal，2007)Inhibiting(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2007)(BWZhang,L.Zhao,X.Jing.2FacingsomeproblemsofemotionalregulationatthestageofcopingwiththeconflictinInternetAddictionpatients-200600uV2.5-2.5FZmsIApatientsNormalNogoPZGoP3goP3nogoN2nogo(Dang,etal，unpublisheddata)山川山川Facingsomeproblemsofemotio面孔识别的心理生理机制面孔识别的心理生理机制FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Searcy&Bartlett,1996）

FIE－Faceinversioneffect（Sear（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,2005）Thatcherfaces（Carbon&Leder,（Carbon&Leder,2005）（Carbon&Leder,2005）N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcomponentRightMastoidLeftMastoid5-5VN170FaceChairBird-7µV+7µVPotentialdistributionat170msafterstimulusonsetCarmel&Bentin,2000N170:AfacedistinctiveERPcFunctionalcharacteristicsoftheN170-effectNotsensitivetofacefamiliarity(Bentin&Deouell,2000).Sensitivetolocalmorethantoglobalinformationandnotadverselyaffectedbyinhibitingconfiguralprocessing:Largereffectforisolatedeyesandfacecomponentsthanforfullfaces(Bentinetal.,1996,Bentin&Aviezer,unpublished;Bentin&McCarthy,unpublished).Notsignificantlyreducedbyrandomrelocationofinnercomponents(Bentinetal.,1996).Notreduced(indeedenhanced)byfaceinversion(Bentinetal.1996;Sagiv&Bentin,2001;Rossionetal,1999;2000)Despiteglobalfaceconfiguration,itiseliminatedwhenlocalinformationisnotphysiognomic(Bentin,Golland,&,Moscovitch,2003).FunctionalcharacteristicsofHypotheticalroleoftheperceptualmechanismassociatedwiththeN170-effectTheN170-effectisassociatedwithan“early”perceptualmechanismtunedtodetectvisualfeaturesthatarecharacteristictoafacephysiognomy.Itsrolemightbetotriggertheface-characteristicstructuralencodingprocesseswhenpertinentstimuliarepresentinthevisualfield.HypotheticalroleoftheperceAge-relatedchangesduringtheearly-stagefaceprocessingInvestigatingtheeffectsofagingonthefacedetectionandconfiguralprocessingbyface-sensitiveN170.Iftheageinginfluencesthefacedetectionorconfiguralprocessing,N170effectorN170inversioneffectshouldbedifferentforyoungerandolderadults.(Gao.,etal,2009)Age-relatedchangesduringthe(Gao,etal,2009)N170effect(Gao,etal,2009)N170effectN170inversioneffectoffaces(Gao,etal,2009)N170inversioneffectoffaces(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)ExpressionMismatchNegativity（EMMN）(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)Express(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)(ZhaoL.&LiJ.,2006)EMMNindepressionpatients-100400msuV-1.51.5T6

NormalDepressionEMMNChang,etal.2010EMMNindepressionpatients-10近期研究Visualperception、UnconsciousnessprocessingIn