考研考博-英语-山东管理学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东管理学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Businessandgovernmentmanagersoftenpromote“cleandesk”politiestoavoiddisorganizedofficesandmessydesks，______boostingworkefficiencyandproductivity.

问题1选项

A.forthepurposeof

B.forgoodof

C.forpurposeof

D.forthefunof

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。forthepurposeof“为了……目的”；B和C选项形式不正确；forthefunof“为了享受”。句意：企业和政府管理者经常推行“整洁的办公室”政策，以避免混乱的办公室和凌乱的桌子，……提高工作效率和生产力。因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Ricci,45,isnowstrikingoutonperhapshisboldestventureyet.HeplanstomarketanEnglishlanguageeditionofhiselegantmonthlyartmagazine,FMR,intheUnitedStates.OnceagaintheskepticsaremurmuringthatthesuccessfulRiccihasheadedforabigfall.AndonceagainRicciintendstoprovethemwrong.

Ricciissoconfidentthathehaschristenedhisquest“OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmericanreadershipof300,000.Thatgoalmaynotbetoofar-fetched.TheItalianeditionofFMR—theinitials,ofcourse,standforFrancoMariaRicci—isonly18monthsold.Butitisalreadythesecondlargestartmagazineintheworld,withacirculationof65,000andaprofitmarginofUS$500,000.TheAmericaneditionwillbepatternedaftertheItalianversion,witheach160issuecarryingonly40pagesofadsandnomorethanfivearticles.Butthecontentswilloftendiffer.TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover“aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart,”Healsohopesthatthemagazinewillbecomeavehicleforatwo-wayculturalexchange—whathelikestothinkofasamarriageofbrains,cultureandtastefrombothsidesoftheAtlantic.

Torealizethisvision,Ricciismountingoneofthemostlavish,enterprising—andexpensive-promotionalcampaignsinmagazine-publishinghistory.BetweenNovemberandJanuary,eightjumbojetswillfly8millioncopiesofasample16editionofFMRacrosstheAtlantic.FromawarehouseinMichigan,6.5millioncopieswillbemailedtoAmericansubscribersofvariouscultural,artandbusinessmagazines.SomeoftheremainingcopieswillcirculateasaspecialSundaysupplementintheNewYorkTimes.ThecostoflaunchingOperationColumbusisastaggeringUS$5million,butRicciishopingthat60%ofthepricetagwillbefinancedbyItaliancorporations.“TolandinAmericaColumbushadtouseSpanishsponsors,”readsonesentenceinhispromotionalpamphlet.“WewouldlikeItalians.”

LikeColumbus,Riccicannotknowwhathisreceptionwillbeonforeignshores.InItalyhegambled—andwon—onasimpleconcept:itismoreimportanttoshowartthantowriteaboutit.Hence,oneissueofFMRmightfeature32full-colorpagesof17th-centurytapestries,followedby14pagesofoutrageouseyeglasses.Heisgamblingthattheconceptisexportable.“Idon’texpectthatmorethan30%ofmyreader...willactuallyreadFMR,”hesays.“Themagazineissuchavisualdelightthattheydon’thaveto.”Still,heisliningupanimpressivestableofwritersandprofessorsfortheAmericanedition,includingNoamChomsky,AnthonyBurgess,EricJongandNormanMailer.Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.“TheAmericanscandoalmosteverythingbetterthanwecan，”saysRicci,“Butwe(theItalians)havea2,000yearedgeontheminart.”

1.RicciintendshisAmericaneditionofFMRtocarrymoreAmericanartworksinorderto（

）.

2.RicciiscomparedtoColumbusinthepassagemainlybecause

（

）.

3.WegettheimpressionthattheAmericaneditionofFMRwillprobably（

）.

问题1选项

A.boostAmericans’confidenceintheirart

B.followthepatternsetbyhisItalianedition

C.helpItaliansunderstandAmericanartbetter

D.expandthereadershipofhismagazine

问题2选项

A.theybothbenefitedfromItaliansponsors

B.theywereexplorersintheirownways

C.theyobtainedoverseassponsorship

D.theygotawarmreceptioninAmerica

问题3选项

A.carrymanyacademicarticlesofhighstandard

B.followthestyleofsomefamousexistingmagazines

C.bemadbyonethirdofAmericanmagazinereaders

D.pursueadistinctiveeditorialstyleofitsown

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。本题是问Ricci为什么计划在美国版的FMR上登载更多的美国艺术品。根据本文的第二段倒数第二句“TheEnglish-languageeditionwillincludemoreAmericanworks,Riccisays,tohelpAmericansgetover‘aninferioritycomplexabouttheirart’.里奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑情结”。’’由此可知，登载更多美国艺术品是为了帮助美国人树立自信心，因为他们对其没有太长历史的文化艺术而感到自卑。A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。本题是问本篇文章将Ricci和哥伦布相比的主要原因是什么。分析文章第二段‘OperationColumbus”andhassethissightsondiscoveringanAmerican’以及常识可知，哥伦布是一位探险家，他发现了美洲大陆，而Ricci是想要开拓美国的艺术杂志市场，是一位商业探索者，因此他们同是探索者。B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。本题是问对美国杂志FMR的印象如何。由本文最后一段“Inaddition,heseemstobepursuinghisowneclecticvisionwithoutgivingamoment’sthoughttosuchestablishedcompetitorsasConnoisseurandHorizon.此外，他似乎在追求自己的折衷主义视野，而没有考虑到像鉴赏家和地平线这样的老牌竞争对手。”可知该杂志的编辑方式不同于其他艺术杂志，所以D选项D“追求自己独特的艺术风格”正确。

3.单选题

Franklyspeaking,I'dratheryou（）anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

问题1选项

A.do

B.don'tdo

C.did

D.didn'tdo

【答案】D

【解析】wouldrather引导的从句用虚拟语气,动词用过去时态表示,所以首先排除选项A和B；根据anything可指本句应该为否定语气,所以选项D正确。

4.单选题

Abeamoflightwillnotbendroundcomersunless（）todosowiththehelpofareflectingdevice.

问题1选项

A.made

B.beingmade

C.havingmade

D.tobemade

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。根据句子结构，可知unless引导条件状语从句，主语为abeamoflight和make之间存在被动关系，选项C可排除。又因为题目中描述的情况为客观事实，所以选用一般现在时态，选项B和D可排除。选用非谓语动词made表被动即可。句意：一束光只有在反射仪器的帮助下才能弯成圆角。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Becausefolkartisneithercompletelyrejectednoracceptedasanartformbyarthistorians,theirfinalevaluationsofitnecessarilyremain（

）.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.estimable

C.unspoken

D.equivocal

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。arbitrary“任意的，任性的”；estimable“值得尊敬的”；unspoken“未说出口的，不言而喻的”；equivocal“模棱两可的，意义不确的”。句意：因为艺术家既不会完全否认也不接受民间艺术是一种艺术形式，他们关于它（民间艺术）的评论是模棱两可的。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Sheansweredwithan（）“No”totherequestthatsheattendthepublichearing.

问题1选项

A.eloquent

B.effective

C.emotional

D.emphatic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项eloquent“意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的”；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的；实际的，实在的”；C选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；D选项emphatic“着重的；加强语气的；显著的”。由本句“Sheansweredwithan______‘No’”（她回答不）可知她对否定这件事情的态度的坚决，所以emphatic的意义与其对应。句意：对于要求她出席公开听证会的要求，她断然地说了“不”。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare______freemedicalcare.

问题1选项

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”；B选项involvedin“涉及”；C选项associatedwith“与……有关”；D选项assignedto“被分配给……”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人______免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

问题1选项

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短语,意为"没有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都对顾客开放,顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。

9.单选题

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。toxic指有毒的，所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Janieshasjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe（）untilyesterday.

问题1选项

A.wascoming

B.willcome

C.hadbeencoming

D.comes

【答案】A

【解析】句意:珍妮刚到，但我直到昨天才知道他要来。

语法题。考查时态。Be动词加come，go,leave等现在分词表示将来，而此处的“他要来”是相对于yesterday，所以用过去将来时。

11.单选题

Itisadevastatingprospect.TerroristselectronicallybreakintothecomputersthatcontrolthewatersupplyofalargeAmericancity,openandclosevalvestocontaminatethewaterwithuntreatedsewageortoxicchemicals,andthenreleaseitinadevastatingflood.Astheemergencyservicesstruggletorespond,theterroristsstrikeagain,shuttingdownthetelephonenetworkandelectricalpowergridwithjustafewmouseclicks.Businessesareparalysed,hospitalsareoverwhelmedandroadsaregridlockedaspeopletrytoflee.

Thiskindofscenarioisinvokedbydoom-mongerswhoinsistthatsteppingupphysicalsecuritysincetheSeptember11thattacksisnotenough.Road-blocksandsoldiersaroundpowerstationscannotpreventdigitalterrorism."Untilwesecureourcyber-infrastructure,afewkeystrokesandanInternetconnectionisalloneneedstodisabletheeconomyandendangerlives,"LamarSmith,aTexascongressman,toldajudiciarycommitteeinFebruary.Heendedwithhiscatchphrase:’’Amousecanbejustasdangerousasabulletorabomb.”Isheright?

ItistruethatutilitycompaniesandotheroperatorsofcriticalinfrastructureareincreasinglyconnectedtotheInternet.Butjustbecauseanelectricitycompany'scustomerscanpaytheirbillsonline,itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthecompany’scriticalcontrolsystemsarevulnerabletoattack.Controlsystemsareusuallykeptentirelyseparatefromothersystems,forgoodreason.Theytendtobeobscure,old-fashionedsystemsthatareincompatiblewithInternettechnologyanyhow.Evenauthorizedusersrequirespecialistknowledgetooperatethem.Andtelecomsfirms,hospitalsandbusinessesusuallyhavecontingencyplanstodealwithpowerfailuresorflooding.

AsimulationcarriedoutinAugustbytheUnitedStatesNavalWarCollegeinconjunctionwithGartner,aconsultancy,concludedthatan"electronicPearlHarbor"attackonAmerica’scriticalinfrastructurecouldindeedcauseseriousdisruption,butwouldfirstneedfiveyearsofpreparationand$200moffunding.Therearefarsimplerandlesscostlywaystoattackcriticalinfrastructure,fromhoaxphotocallstotruckbombsandhijackedairliners.

OnSeptember18thRichardClarke,America’scyber-securitytsar,unveiledhislong-awaitedblueprintforsecuringcriticalinfrastructurefromdigitalattacks.Itwasabitofadampsquib,makingnofirmrecommendationsandproposingnonewregulationorlegislation.Butitslily-liveredapproachmight,infact,betherightone.Whenariskhasbeenoverstated,inactionmaybethebestpolicy.

Itisdifficulttoavoidcomparisonswiththe"millenniumbug”andthepredictionsofwidespreadcomputerchaosarisingfromthechangeofdatetotheyear2000.Then,asnow,thealarmwassoundedbytechnologyvendorsandconsultants,whostoodtogainfromscare-mongering.ButRossAnderson,acomputerscientistatCambridgeUniversity,preferstodrawananalogywiththeenvironmentallobby.Likeeco-warriors,heobserves,thoseinthesecurityindustrybetheyvendorstryingtoboostsales,academicschasinggrants,orpoliticianslookingforbiggerbudgets—haveabuilt-inincentivetooverstatetherisks.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（

）.

2.Speakingofthedoom-mongers,theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

3.IntheviewofGartnerconsultant,（

）.

4.’’Lily-liveredapproach"(para.3)probablymeansanapproachcharacterizedby（

）.

5.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthat（

）

问题1选项

A.terroristscouldplungealargeAmericancityintochaosthroughelectronicattack

B.Americanpeoplehavenoexperienceindealingwithterrorism

C.thecomputersystemsofutilitycompaniesarerathervulnerable

D.theresponseofemergencyservicesisfarfromsatisfactory

问题2选项

A.theirworriesarequitereasonable

B.theirwarningsshouldbetakenseriously

C.theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing

D.theyarefamiliarwiththewayterroristsstrike

问题3选项

A.terroristsmaylaunchanother"PearlHarbor"attack

B.terroristshaveamplecapitalandtimetoprepareastunningstrike

C.itisverycostlyandtime-consumingtoattackcriticalinfrastructure

D.itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure

问题4选项

A.flexibility

B.boldness

C.cowardice

D.conservatism

问题5选项

A.thecomputerindustrysufferedheavylossduetothe“millenniumbug"

B.doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.

C.computerscientistshavebetterjudgmentthandoom-mongers

D.environmentalistsarecriticizedfortheireffortsofprotectingenvironment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据文章第一句话‘Itisadevastatingprospect.’，可见所描述的场景只是想象中未来可能发生的情景。这一段描述了恐怖分子用电子手段发动对美国大城市的袭击后的混乱场景：企业瘫痪，医院爆满，道路堵塞等等。可见，如果这种袭击发生的话，美国的一座大城市就会陷入混乱。所以A选项符合题意。

2.monger这个词本身就是一个贬义词，指一个持悲观论调，散布末世论的人。再看文章第三段，作者针对这种人散布的恐怖威胁论进行了分析，认为所谓公用事业公司的关键控制系统易受攻击的说法站不住脚。第四段作者引用一次模拟演习的结论说，电子恐怖袭击可能造成巨大破坏，但袭击的成本非常高，耗时也非常长，有远比这简单有效的办法。在文章末尾，作者引用计算机专家的话“those(people)overstatetherisk”。可见，作者虽然也承认这种威胁有可能存在，但认为这些doom-mongers夸大了威胁的程度。所以C选项‘theyexaggeratethethreatutilitycompaniesarefacing‘符合题意。

3.文章第四段分析了电子恐怖袭击关键基础设施的说法站不住脚的另一个理由：通过模拟演习得出结论，这种袭击耗资巨大，耗时太长，恐怖分子完全可以采取更加简单有效成本低廉的袭击手段。所以D选项’itisunlikelythatterroristswouldresorttoelectronicmeanstoattackcriticalinfrastructure恐怖分子不太可能借助电子手段袭击关键基础设施的‘符合题意。

4.根据上下文，RichardClarke针对如何保护关键基础设施免遭数字化袭击提出了人们期待己久的计划，但这个计划就好像一个受潮的爆竹，既没有给出坚决的建议，也没有提出新的规章或者法规。然后对作者对这种做法用“lily-livered”一词加以总结，推测“胆小”比较符合题意。

5.本文最后一段将现在的恐怖威胁论和“千年虫”恐慌加以对比，认为这种人为制造恐慌的做法只是为了让那些散布恐慌的人“stoodtogain”。接着，作者引用一位专家的话，认为这些人，“不论是想要促销产品的商人，还是渴望得到补助金的学者，抑或是期望更多预算的政客，都有一种内在的动机促使他们夸大险。”由此可见，B选项’doom-mongerscaremoreabouttheirownintereststhannationalsecurity.散布恐怖威胁论的人与其说是关心国家安全，不如说是关心自己的利益。‘符合题意

12.单选题

DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses.“B2E—business-to-employee—didn’thaveacrash,”saysBipinPatel,inchargeofdevelopingthepotentialofthecorporateintranetattheFordMotorCompany,“It’sstillgrowing.”

Fordhasgonefurtherthanmostcompaniestogetitsemployeesonline:itoffereditsAmericanemployeespersonalcomputers,and90%ofthemaccepted.FordhopesthatthefreePCswillsaveitsownanditsemployees’timebymovingservicesonline.GeneralMotors,Ford’sgreatrival,consideredasimilarschemebutfoundthatmostemployeeswillingtousePCsalreadyhadthem.Itishelpingstafftopayforhigh-bandwidthconnectionsinstead.

AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.Inthepast,employeessometimesfoundthatittookweekstogetacopyofthepayinformationtheyneededtodotheirtaxreturns,andthedepartment’sstaffspentmind-numbinghoursansweringthesamequestionsfromhundredsofdifferentemployees.Nowemployeescanlookatapassword-protectedsitethatdisplaystheirpayslipsovertheprevious18months.Theycanseealldeductions,andthehourstheyworked.Allthisinformationwasonthehuman-resourcesdatabase:displayingittoemployeeshassavedstafftime.

“Peoplewantmoreandmoreofthisself-serviceinformation,whichtheycanmanagethemselves,”observesMr.Patel.“Thereisnosuchthingasinformationoverloadherebecauseit’stheirinformation.”Eventrainingseemstoworkbetteronline:Fordemployeescannowdownloadarangeofcourses,includingoneon“ListeningandHandlingToughSituations”,alldesignedfordigestionin10-or15-minutegobbets.Thecompanyclaimstohavecuttrainingcostsby$2millionduringthepastsixmonths,asfewerpeopleleavetheirdeskstolearn.

Thecompanyalsousesitsintranettocommunicatewithitsstaffaroundtheworld.JacquesNasser,Ford’sboss,sendsout“Let’schat”notesonceaweek.Infact,Mr.Nasserdoesmostofthechatting.HegetshundredsofE-mailsinreply,butthecommunicationisbasicallyaone-wayflow.Thecompanyalsorunschatrooms,inwhichemployeescanquestionvariousin-houseexpertsandoutsideanalystsliveonthecorporateintranet.

Intime,thinksMr.Patel,communicationstechnologywillreshapecorporatebehavior.Itwillencouragecollaborationandteam-working.Already,theInternetiscausingdisintermediationwithincompanies,heargues,justasitdidine-commerce:thehuman-resourcesdepartmentdoesmuchlessadministrationoncethebenefitssystemismoreself-service,butrathermoreadvisingandconsulting.Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.

61.Howdoestheauthorintroducehistopic?

62.WhydidFordandGMintendtoprovidetheiremployeeswithPCs?

63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofInternet?

64.Theexpression“aone-wayflow”mostprobablymeans____.

65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Explainingaphenomenon.

B.Posingacontrast.

C.Justifyinganassumption.

D.Makingacomparison.

问题2选项

A.ProvidngPCsisawayofcompetition.

B.B2Eisagrowingthing.

C.PCscanhelpthemsavealot.

D.TheemployeesprefertousePCs.

问题3选项

A.Itcansavecost.

B.Itcansavetime.

C.Itmakeshuman-resourcesdepartmentaneasyjob.

D.Itencouragescollaborationandteam-working.

问题4选项

A.notencouragingopenanswers

B.onlyonesideaskingquestions

C.onlyyesornoquestions

D.thetopicslackvariety

问题5选项

A.Theemployeescanmanagealltheinformationbythemselves.

B.TheInternetcanhelpDOTCOMScomebacktolife.

C.TheInternetmakestheworkofhuman-resourcesdepartmentmoredirectandinteresting.

D.Thecoursesdownloadedarepractical,buttime-consuming.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】61.判断推理题。题干“作者是如何引入主题的？”本文第1句DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses（网络公司可能奄奄一息，但在公司内部，互联网仍在寻找节省成本的新途径），摆出观点；接着举例论证该观点，举FordMotorCompany（福特汽车公司）的例子，介绍该公司是怎么节省成本；最后一段，通过福特公司的例子进一步展望通信技术将重塑企业行为。C选项“论证一个假设”比较符合原文。A选项“解释一种现象”、B选项“设置一个对照”、D选项“进行对比”，均未体现。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

62.事实细节题。题干“为什么福特和通用打算给他们的员工提供个人电脑”，可定位到第1段第4句FordhopesthatthefreePCswillsaveitsownanditsemployees’timebymovingservicesonline.（福特公司希望免费的个人电脑通过将服务转移到网上节省公司和员工的时间。）由此可知，公司这么做的原因是为了节省时间。C选项“个人电脑可以帮他们节省很多”表述符合原文。A选项“提供个人电脑是一种竞争方式”、B选项“B2E正在发展中”、D选项“员工更喜欢使用个人电脑”，原文均不符合题意，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

63.事实细节题。题干“以下哪项不是互联网的优势？”A选项“它可以节省成本”，可定位到第3段最后一句Thecompanyclaimstohavecuttrainingcostsby$2millionduringthepastsixmonths,asfewerpeopleleavetheirdeskstolearn.（该公司声称，在过去6个月里，由于离开办公桌去学习的人越来越少，培训成本降低了200万美元。）由此可知，公司利用互联网提供线上培训课程，大大节省了培训成本，选项表述正确，排除；B选项“这样可以节省时间”，可定位到第2段最后一句Allthisinformationwasonthehuman-resourcesdatabase:displayingittoemployeeshassavedstafftime.（所有这些信息都在人力资源数据库中：向员工展示这些信息可以节省员工的时间。）由此可知，公司利用互联网建立人力资源信息库，大大节省了员工的时间，选项表述正确，排除；C选项“这让人力资源部门的工作变得简单”，可定位到最后一段最后一句thehuman-resourcesdepartmentdoesmuchlessadministrationoncethebenefitssystemismoreself-service,butrathermoreadvisingandconsulting.Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.（一旦福利系统变得更加自助式，人力资源部门的行政管理工作就会大大减少，而会更多地提供建议和咨询。有一天，在人力资源部门工作甚至可能会很有趣。）由此可知，虽然互联网减少了人力资源部门的行政管理工作，但是增加了建议和咨询工作，可能会让工作更有趣，但并没有让工作变得更简单。选项表述错误。D选项“它鼓励合作和团队合作”，可定位到倒数第2段第1句Thecompanyalsousesitsintranettocommunicatewithitsstaffaroundtheworld.（该公司还利用内部网与世界各地的员工进行沟通。）由此可知，互联网促进了公司员工之间的沟通。最后一段第2句Itwillencouragecollaborationandteam-working.（它将鼓励合作和团队合作。）由此可知，选项表述正确，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

64.语义推测题。题干“aone-wayflow这个短语最有可能的意思是____”可定位到倒数第2段第4句HegetshundredsofE-mailsinreply,butthecommunicationisbasicallyaone-wayflow.（他收到了数百封电子邮件的回复，但交流基本上是____。）由此可知，one-wayflow的意思是沟通是单向的，即老板提出问题，员工只做回答，不会向老板提问，B选项“只有一方提出问题”最符合语境；A选项“不鼓励公开回答”、C选项“只有是或否的问题”、D选项“主题缺乏多样性”不符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

65.事实细节题。题干“根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的?”A选项“员工可以自己管理所有的信息”，可定位到第2段第1句AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.（在福特公司，人力资源部门首创了一项计划，向员工提供有关工资和福利的最新信息。）由此可知，并不是所有的信息，而是有关工资和福利的信息，另外，也不是由员工自己管理，而是向员工开放这些信息，选项表述错误，排除；B选项“互联网可以帮助网络公司起死回生”，可定位到第1段第1句DOTCOMSmaybemoribund,butinsidecompanies,theInternetisstillfindingcost-savingnewuses.（网络公司可能奄奄一息，但在公司内部，互联网仍在寻找节省成本的新用途。）由此可知，互联网只是在奄奄一息的网络公司内部，有助于节省成本，原文并无关于起死回生的表述，选项表述错误，排除；C选项“互联网使人力资源部门的工作更加直接和有趣”，可定位到第2段第1句AtFord,thehuman-resourcesdepartmenthaspioneeredaschemetoprovideup-to-the-minuteinformationtoemployeesaboutpayandbenefits.（在福特公司，人力资源部门首创了一项计划，向员工提供有关工资和福利的最新信息。）由此可知，人力资源部门向员工直接提供工资和福利相关信息，即互联网让人力资源部门的工作更加直接。最后一段最后一句Oneday,workinginhumanresourcesmightevenbefun.（有一天，在人力资源部门工作甚至可能会很有趣。）综上，选项表述与原文相符；D选项“下载的课程很实用，但很耗时”，可定位到第3段倒数第2句Fordemployeescannowdownloadarangeofcourses…alldesignedfordigestionin10-or15-minutegobbets.（福特员工现在可以下载一系列课程……所有课程都是为10到15分钟的时间消化而设计的。）由此可知，下载的课程时长很短，并不耗时，选项表述错误，排除。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

13.单选题

Havinghadherasaprofessorandadviser,Icantellyouthatsheisan（

）forcewhopushesherstudentstoexcelfarbeyondtheirownexpectations.

问题1选项

A.inspirational

B.educational

C.excessive

D.instantaneous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inspirational意为“启发灵感的，鼓舞人心的”；educational意为“教育的”；excessive意为“过度的，极度的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。

句意：有了她作为教授和顾问，我可以告诉你，她是一股鼓舞人心的力量，她能鼓励她的学生们发挥出超出他们自己的期望。

14.单选题

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

问题1选项

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

问题2选项

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

问题3选项

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

问题4选项

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

问题5选项

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。C选项“接种：方法和含义”概括全文大意。其他选项不够全面。

2.细节题。文章中天花的举例是在第三段中出现的，第三、四段主要阐述使用疫苗可能带来的负面效果，而A选项“管理疫苗可能带来的负面后果”与文章相符。

3.细节题。第二段讲述的是如果接种疫苗，身体可以自然对抗这种疾病，选项B（很轻松地与之对抗）正确。

4.推理题。选项B（免疫系统能够被训练来抵抗较弱的疾病变体）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨题。本文是科普性文章。所以D项（为了解释和告知信息）正确。

15.单选题

Comewhat（）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessiontohisunreasonabledemands.

问题1选项

A.must

B.should

C.may

D.can

【答案】C

【解析】句意:不管怎样，我们不会对他的无理要求作出任何让步

考查固定搭配。Comewhatmay不管三七二十一，不管怎样。

16.单选题

Mostpeopleleftandthe（）satdowntowait.

问题1选项

A.remnants

B.remedy

C.remains

D.remainder

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项remnants“残余；残留物”；B选项remedy“补救；解决办法”；C选项remains“残余物；剩饭菜”；D选项remainder“残余；剩余物”。句意：大部分人都离开了，……坐着等。remnants一般是指残余部分、残迹。remains一般是指古迹，遗迹；遗骸等。句中的主语是人，大部分都走了，还有一部分剩下的人坐着等。remainder做名词时侧重于人和钱的剩余。因此D选项符合题意。

17.单选题

We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.

Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.（1）Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.

Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.

（2）

Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.

（3）

Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.

（4）

Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.

（5）

However,theforestpatchwas