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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-台州学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

问题1选项

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

问题2选项

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

问题3选项

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

问题4选项

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

问题5选项

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。寻找句内线索,定位到文章第一段第二三句话…however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而,传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一,这种观点是错误的。我们很幸运,因为在那里建立新的教育系统,并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现,需要两三代人的努力”,从这句可知很多人都会认为不发达国家要想获得快速发展就的通过发展教育来达成,但事实是仅仅是新的教育体系发展起来都得需要经历两到三代人的努力才能实现,达不到快速这个目标,所以教育的作用是被高估了的,所以答案选D“被高估了”。

A选项“受到无端质疑”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

B选项“变成了偏见的受害者”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

C选项“通常被贬低”,文章没有提及,属于无中生有。

2.事实细节题。定位到第一段第三句话Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我们很幸运,因为在那里建立新的教育系统,并让足够多的人通过这些系统来改善经济表现,需要两三代人的努力”,从这里可知答案选B“需要几代人的努力”;

A选项“需要足够的劳动力”,第一段没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项“要求政府放在首位”,定位到第一段第二句话…however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而,传统观点认为教育应该是促进贫穷国家经济快速发展的首要任务之一,这种观点是错误的”,这里只是提到人们会下意识的认为要把教育放在第一位,与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关,这里属于出处错误;

D选项“挑战经济学家和政治家”,定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在贫穷国家,正规教育和经济增长之间的关系被经济学家和政治家们广泛误解”,这说的是经济学和政治学家的一种误解,与题目描写的新教育体系的建立无关所以不选,这里属于出处错误。

3.事实细节题,定位到第二段倒数第一句话YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而,研究显示,本田、尼桑和丰田的美国工厂的生产率达到了日本同行的95%左右”,从这里可以知道,虽然美国工人能够达到日本工人95%的生产率但是日本工人的生产效率还是高一些的,所以C选项“日本的劳动力效率更高”。

A选项“美国的劳动力更有组织”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项“日本的劳动力更有纪律性”,文中没有提及,属于无中生有;

D选项“美国劳动力有更好的教育”,定位到第二段第三句话TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美国的劳动力被嘲笑为受教育程度低……”从这里可知,D选项错误,属于反向干扰。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词定位到倒数第二段倒数第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood(一万年前,当我们的祖先还是猎人和采集者时,除了寻找食物,他们没有时间思考其他事情)”,这个“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted(毕竟,教育就是这样开始的)”,此处说的就是教育的出现需要一个很重要的条件“时间”。因此C选项“当人们有了足够时间时”符合题意。

A选项“这是政府压力的结果”来自于倒数第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit(即使政府不强迫)”,但是这并非说明政府压迫是导致教育出现的原因,本段说的是“经济发展与教育的关系”,属于偷换概念。

B选项“当人们不再去打猎”同样来自倒数第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”,但这里是说,由于需要寻找食物,才没有时间去思考其他事情,并未提及不再打猎这个条件,属于偷换概念。

D选项“教育先于更好的寻找食物的方法出现”来自倒数第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings(只有当人类开始以更有效的方式获取食物时,才有时间做其他事情)”,因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”应先出现,才有教育的可能性,属于曲解原文。

5.判断推理题。根据题干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“随着教育的改善,人类的生产力潜力也在增加。当竞争环境推动我们的祖先发挥这种潜力时,他们反过来也能负担得起更多的教育”,从这里可知,教育能够提高生产力潜能,当潜能被竞争激发出来生产率提高时,反过来又可以提高教育水平,所以答案选A选项“随着提高的生产率而来”;

B选项“直接来自竞争环境的结果”,属于反向干扰,竞争激发生产潜能然后再有助于教育提高,不是直接参与教育的发展;

C选项“不依赖于经济表现”,定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.(对于先进的经济表现所要求的复杂的政治制度来说,教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的,但不是充分的条件),教育发展是依赖于复杂政治制度的必要不充分条件,所以说教育的发展不能推动政治的发展,而政治的发展可以推动教育的发展,从文章可以看出而政治的发展依赖于经济表现,所以可以说教育的发展依赖于经济表现,所以C选项错误;

D选项“无法承受政治变革”,定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.(因此,如果没有政治变革,穷国可能无法摆脱贫困陷阱,而政治变革只有通过更广泛的正规教育才能实现),这里没有提及政治变革对教育的影响只讲看教育对政治变革的影响,所以D选项属于曲意理解。

2.单选题

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed().

问题1选项

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短语,意为"没有拘束的"。句意:在超市里,所有的商品都对顾客开放,顾客可以自由选择他们需要的东西。

3.单选题

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting().

问题1选项

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。profession“职业,专业”;performance“性能,绩效”;proficiency“精通,熟练”;progress“进步,发展”。句意:一个艰苦的改造过程带来了新的核心课程,旨在帮助学生发展全球意识,提升他们的分析和推理能力,提高批判性阅读和写作的熟练程度。选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Thestormsweepingoverthispartofthecountryissuretocause()ofvegetablesinthecomingdays.

问题1选项

A.rarity

B.preliminary

C.inefficiency

D.invalidity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity“罕见,珍贵”;preliminary“初步行动;准备工作”;inefficiency“效率低;无效率”;invalidity“无效,无价值。”“被暴风雨袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺,因此选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thethreeclimberscanemployaguideto()themontheirwayupthemountain.

问题1选项

A.guide

B.conduct

C.lead

D.direct

【答案】C

【解析】句意:那三个登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一个向导带领他们上山。

考查动词辨析。guide带领,陪同……到目的地;conduct引导,组织安排;lead带路,引领;direct把……对准,指路。因此C符合句意。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

Everybookstandsbyitself,likeaone-familyhouse,butbooksinalibraryarelikehousesinacity.Althoughtheyareseparated,togethertheyalladduptosomething;theyareconnectedwitheachotherandwithothercities.Thesameideas,orrelatedones,turnupindifferentplaces;thehumanproblemsthatrepeatthemselvesinliferepeatthemselvesinliterature,butwithdifferentsolutionsaccordingtodifferentwritingsatdifferenttimes.Booksinfluenceeachother;theylinkthepast,thepresentandthefutureandhavetheirowngenerations,likefamilies.Whereveryoustartreadingyouconnectyourselfwithoneofthefamiliesofideas,andinthelongrun,younotonlyfindoutabouttheworldandthepeopleinit;youfindoutaboutyourself,too.

Readingcanonlybefunifyouexpectittobe.Ifyouconcentrateonabookthatmeanssomethingtoyou,andrelaxwithit,youwillalmostcertainlyhaveagoodtime—andifyoubecome,asaresultofreading,better,wiser,kinder,ormoregentle,youwon’thavesufferedduringtheprocess.

【答案】每本书彼此独立,就像一个个独户住宅,而图书馆里的藏书就好像城市里的千家万户。尽管它们相互独立,但只有互相联系才有意义,家家户户彼此相连,城市与城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌现。在生活中重复出现的问题也会在文学作品反复出现,但因时代与作品的差异,解决对策也会有所不同。书籍之间也会互相影响,它们联系着过去、现在和将来,并且如同家庭一样也会世代延续。无论从哪里开始阅读,你都会将自己和一个家族的思想联系在一起,长远来看,你不仅能发现这个世界和里面的人,也能在其中发现自我。

阅读只有在你期望它有趣时才会真的有趣。如果你专注于一本对你有特殊意义的书,并且乐在其中,那么你就会体验一段美妙的时光——如果你因为阅读而变得更加善良、聪明、随和或是优雅,那么你就会享受阅读的过程。

7.单选题

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural()ofmoralityisnotmyview.

问题1选项

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析。句意:他们认为,女人是道德的天然,但我不认同。guardians守护者、保护人;guards守卫、后卫、护卫队、禁卫军;guides引导、向导;soldiers军人。故选A。

8.单选题

IadmitIhavemadeamistake,______Idenytheseriousconsequenceitmayhave.

问题1选项

A.so

B.sowill

C.norwill

D.howcan

【答案】C

【解析】考查admit和deny互为反义词,admit=notdeny,且nor;hardly;innoway;little;scarcely;seldom;never;nomore;nolonger;not;notonly;nosooner;Notonly...butalso;notuntil...等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。即是把Inorwilldeny倒装为norwillIdeny。句意:我承认我犯了错误,也不否认它可能造成的严重后果。因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Defendersofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomenoftenmaintainthateliminatingsuchlawswoulddestroythefruitsofacenturylongstrugglefortheprotectionofwomenworkers.Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.

Sex-definedprotectivelawshaveoftenbeenbasedonstereotypicalassumptionsconcerningwomen’sneedsandabilitiesandemployershavefrequentlyusedthemaslegalexcusesfordiscriminatingagainstwomen.AfterWorldWarII,forinstance,businessesandgovernmentsoughttopersuadewomentovacatejobsinfactories,thusmakingroominthelaborforceforreturningveterans.Therevivalorpassageofstatelawslimitingthedailyorweeklyworkhoursofwomenconvenientlyaccomplishedthis.Employershadonlytodeclarethatovertimehourswereanecessaryconditionofemploymentorpromotionintheirfactory,andwomencouldbequitelegallyfired,refusedjobs,orkeptatlowwagelevels,allinthenameof“protecting”theirhealth.Byvalidatingsuchlawswhentheyarechallengedbylawsuits,thecourtshaveconspiredovertheyearsinestablishingdifferentlessadvantageousemploymenttermsforwomen’scompetitivenessonthejobmarket.Atthesametime,eventhemostwell-intentionedlawmakers,courtsandemployershaveoftenbeenblindtotherealneedsofwomen.Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.

Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.Thusthesex-definedlegislationprotectsthehypotheticalfemaleworker,buthasnoeffectwhateveronthesafetyofanyactualemployee.Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.Protectivelawsaimedatchangingproductionmaterialsortechniquesinordertoreducesuchhazardswouldbenefitallemployeeswithoutdiscriminatingagainstany.

Insum,protectivelaborlawsforwomenarediscriminatoryanddonotmeettheirintendedpurpose.Legislatorsshouldrecognizethatwomenareintheworkforcetostayandthattheirneeds—goodhealthcare,adecentwage,andasafeworkplace—aretheneedsofallworkers.Lawsthatignorethesefactsviolatewomen’srightsforequalprotectioninemployment.

9.Accordingtotheauthor,whichismosthelpfulindecidingthevalueofspecialprotectivelaborlegislationforwomen?

10.Speciallaborlawsprotectingwomenworkerstendto().

11.Itcanbeinferredthatmanyemployeehealthinsuranceplans().

12.Ashortcomingofprotectivelaborlawsthatsingleoutaparticulargroupofworkersforprotectionis().

问题1选项

A.Anestimateofthenumberofwomenworkersinfavorofsuchlaws.

B.Ananalysisofthecosttoemployersofcompliancewithsuchlaws.

C.Asurveyoftheactualeffectssuchlawshavehadonwomenworkers.

D.Aconsiderationoftherealintentionsheldbytheadvocatesofsuchlaws.

问题2选项

A.makeitlesslikelythatwomenwillbeemployed

B.havelittleimpactofanykindonwomenworkers

C.modifythestereotypesthatemployersoftenholdconcerningwomen

D.increasethelikelihoodthatemployersdenywomendisabilityplans

问题3选项

A.meetminimumlegalrequirements

B.lackthespecialprovisionsforwomenworkers

C.coveronlysomecommonmedicalconditionsaffectingwomen

D.paythemedicalcostsassociatedwithpregnancyandchildbirth

问题4选项

A.suchlawsareoftentooweaktobeeffectiveatprotectingthegroupinquestion

B.employer’scompliancewithsuchlawsresultsinincreasedtensionamongworkers

C.suchlawsexertnopressureonemployerstoeliminatehazardsintheworkplace

D.compliancewithsuchlawsisoftencostlyforemployersconcerned

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】9.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Evenabriefexaminationofthehistoricpracticeofcourtsandemployerswouldshowthatthefruitofsuchlawshasbeenbitter:theyare,inpractice,moreofacursethanablessing.(即使对法院和雇主的历史实践进行简单的考察,也会发现这些法律的结果是苦涩的:在实践中,它们更多的是诅咒而不是祝福。),说明调查这些法律的实际影响是最有助于决定妇女特殊劳动保护法的价值的。因此C选项“调查这类法律对女工的实际影响”正确。A选项“对赞成这种法律的女工人数的估计”,B选项“对雇主遵守这类法律的成本的分析”,D选项“对这类法律的倡导者所持的真实意图的思考”均不符合题意,所以A,B,D错误。

10.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.Somechemicals,forexample,posereproductiverisksforwomenofchildbearingyears;manufacturersusingthechemicalscomplywithlawsprotectingwomenagainstthesehazardsbyrefusingtohirethem.(最后,仅保护特殊群体的劳动法往往无法保护实际工作中的工人。例如,一些化学物质对育龄妇女构成生育风险;使用这些化学物质的制造商遵守保护妇女免受这些危险的法律,拒绝雇用她们。),说明保护女工的特殊劳动法并不能保护她们的权益,反而会造成女性就业的困难。因此A选项“使女性就业的可能性降低”正确。B选项“对女工影响不大”,C选项“改变雇主对女性经常持有的刻板印象”,D选项“增加了雇主拒绝女性残疾计划的可能性”均不符合题意,所以B,C,D错误。

11.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“healthinsuranceplans”可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Thelawmakersandthecourtscontinuetopermitemployerstoofferemployeehealthinsuranceplansthatcoverallknownhumanmedicaldisabilitiesexceptthoserelatingtopregnancyandchildbirth.(立法者和法院继续允许雇主为雇员提供医疗保险计划,该计划涵盖所有已知的人类医疗残疾,但与怀孕和分娩有关的残疾除外。),说明医疗保险计划涵盖大多数常见的疾病,但和女性相关的除外。因此B选项“缺乏对女工的特殊规定”正确。A选项“符合最低法律要求”,C选项“只涵盖一些影响妇女的常见病症”,D选项“支付与怀孕和生育有关的医疗费用”均不符合题意,所以A,C,D错误。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到第三段,第三段首先说到Finally,laborlawsprotectingonlyspecialgroupsareoftenineffectiveatprotectingtheworkerswhoareactuallyintheworkplace.(最后,仅保护特殊群体的劳动法往往无法保护实际工作中的工人。),后面又举了化学工厂的例子Thehealthriskstomaleemployeesinsuchindustriescan’tbenegligible,sincechemicalstoxicenoughtocausebirthdefectsinfetusesinwomenarepresumablyharmfultothehumanmetabolism.(在这些工厂中,对男性工人健康的危险也不能被忽略,既然那些化学毒素能导致胎儿的生育缺陷或使妇女不育,那么推而广之,其必然会对人类的新陈代谢有害。),说明将某一特定劳动者群体单列出来加以保护的法律并不能解决实际问题,比如化学工厂对工人造成的危害依旧存在,因为这些工厂不会消除化学毒素的危害,只会遵守保护女性避免这些危险的法律而拒绝招聘她们。因此C选项“这些法律不会对雇主施加压力,使其消除工作场所的危害”正确。A选项“这种法律往往太弱,不能有效地保护有关群体”,B选项“雇主遵守这些法律导致工人之间的紧张关系加剧”,D选项“对有关雇主来说,遵守这些法律的成本往往很高”在文中均没有提及,所以A,B,D错误。

10.单选题

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项subsequently“随后”;B选项successively“接连的”;C选项predominantly“显著地”;D选项preliminarily“初步地”。句意:起初,公司拒绝购买设备,但这一决定______被修改了。根据语境,这里指决定在后来被修改,所以subsequently“随后”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Personneldepartmenttakeschargeofdecidingwhoshouldbe()ourParisbranch.

问题1选项

A.transplanted

B.transmitted

C.transferred

D.transported

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。transplant“移植”;transmit“传输”;transfer“转让、移交”;transport“运输”。本句意为“人事部门负责决定谁被调到巴黎分公司去”,此句提到人事部门,所以有关系的转接,因此选项C正确。

12.单选题

Therearesomedangersyoucannotescapefrom.Itiswisetoignorethosethatare(

).

问题1选项

A.regardless

B.elementary

C.inevitable

D.essential

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。regardless意为“不管,不顾”;elementary意为“基础的,初级的”;inevitable意为“不可避免的”;essential意为“必不可少的,本质的”。

句意:有些危险是你无法逃避的。忽视那些不可避免的危险是明智的。

13.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对”;B选项standinfor“代替”;C选项standupfor“拥护;坚持”;D选项standinwith“与……联合;同……分担”。句意:女性在太空中比男性有显著优势,因为她们需要更少的食物和更少的氧气,而且她们更能_______辐射。根据语境,standupto“经得起;抵抗”搭配radiation“辐射”比较合理,意指女性更能承受辐射。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

IndescribingtheIndiansofthevarioussectionsoftheUnitedStatesatdifferentstagesintheirhistory,someofthefactorswhichaccountfortheirsimilarityamiddifferencecanbereadilyaccountedfor,othersaredifficultto(

).

问题1选项

A.refine

B.discern

C.embed

D.cluster

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refine“精炼;改善”;B选项discern“觉察出;识别”;C选项embed“栽种;使嵌入”;D选项cluster“使聚集”。句意:在描述不同历史阶段美国不同地区的印第安人时,一些说明印第安人差异中的相似处的因素可以很容易地加以说明,另一些就难以……。由此可知,我们需要找出的是accountfor的同义词,选项中只有B选项意义接近,因此B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Hewouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthe(

)toquitandfindajobtosupporthisfamily.

问题1选项

A.hadhad

B.has

C.had

D.wouldhave

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他本来会完成自己的大学教育,但是他却不得不放弃,然后找一份工作来养家。

语法题考查一般过去吋态。由句中关键词“wouldhavefinished本来会完成”表示对过去事情的假设,因此这里表示对过去情况的描述,故C项“had(其为动词have的过去时态)”正确。

16.单选题

Thecarenginemay()aswegoupthehill.

问题1选项

A.extinguish

B.stall

C.cease

D.start

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。extinguish“熄灭,压制,消灭”;stall“熄火,拖延”;cease“停止,结束”;start“开始”。句意:当我们上山时,汽车发动机可能会熄火。B项符合题意。

17.单选题

Thereisageneral______thatpouringoldwineintothesamebottlesisthewrongwaytogo.

问题1选项

A.consensus

B.census

C.censorship

D.conscience

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项consensus“一致;舆论;合意”;B选项census“人口普查,人口调查;(官方的)统计,调查”;C选项censorship“审查制度;审查机构”;D选项conscience“道德心,良心”。句意:人们普遍认为,把陈年的酒倒进同一个瓶子里是错误的做法。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.

问题1选项

A.neat

B.nervous

C.odd

D.proud

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查形容词词义辨析。题目中eccentric为“古怪的(人);反常的”A选项为“整洁的;干净的”;B选项为“神经的;紧张不安的”;C选项为“古怪的;临时的;奇数的”;D选项为“自豪的;得意的”。由句意可知,人们说约翰斯密斯是个非常古怪的。因此,正确答案是C项。

19.单选题

Allthe

peopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons()

slowly

intothesky.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.floating

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend可做不及物动词,指上升;elevate意思相近,但是是及物动词。float指漂浮;linger

指逗留。句意:当看到几百只彩球缓缓升上天空时,运动场里所有的人都欢呼起来。选项A正确。

20.单选题

Inhimoneseesameetingpoint,a()ofconflicts,thusatruehistoricalpersonality.

问题1选项

A.representation

B.representative

C.symbol

D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项representation“表现(以特殊方式呈现某人或某事物的行为;展示或描述……的事物)”;B选项representative“代表,典型(代表某一特定群体的人)”;C选项symbol“象征,标志(代表一般性质或情况的人、物、事件等,是意识形态等非物质东西的象征)”;D选项sign“符合,记号(表示某事物存在、正在发生或将来可能发生的事件、动作、事实等)”。根据题干内容,ameetingpoint“汇点”,可以推测他作为典型的代表人物,代表某一特定群体的人,因此答案为B选项,句意:在他身上,有一个交汇点,一个斗争的典型……,因而他是一个真正的历史人物。因此B选项正确。

21.翻译题

Wedonotknowexactlyhowlongthecountryhasbeenoccupiedbuttheearliestdiscoveredsiteofoccupationisabout47,000yearsold.Toputthisinperspective,sincetheFirstFleetarrivedin1788therehavebeenonlyeightgenerationsofsettlers.Ontheotherhand,therehavebeenatleast18,500generationsofthePeoplesoftheDreaming.

ThePeoplesoftheDreamingbelongedtoover500differentgroupsornationswithdifferentlanguagesandculturesbuttheywereboundtogetherbytheirbeliefintheDreaming.“TheDreaming”or“TheDreamtime”isthemostenduringreligioninAustraliatoday.Itisbasedonthecentralprinciplethatthepeoplewholiveonthecontinenthavespecialresponsibilitiestotheland—thatthelandownsthemandthattheyholditintrustasthehomeoftheircreator.However,intheimmenselyvariablelandscapeofthecountry,differentculturesanddifferentlanguagesdevelopedwithinthisbroadframeworkoftheDreamtime.

【答案】我们不知道这个国家被占领的确切时间,但最早发现的占领遗址大约有4.7万年的历史。从这个角度来看,自1788年第一舰队到达后,只有8代移民。另一方面,已经有至少18500代梦创时代的后人(原住民)。

梦创时代的后人属于500多个不同的群体或国家,他们拥有不同的语言和文化,但他们因为梦里的信念而联系在一起。梦创时代是今天澳大利亚最持久的宗教。它基于这样一个中心原则:生活在大陆上的人民对土地负有特殊责任——土地拥有他们而且他们把土地作为创造者的家园来保管。然而,在这个国家多变的景观中,不同的文化和不同的语言在这个梦创时代的大框架内发展起来。

22.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbroughtonbyphysicalevents,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponsedifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisself-control,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachinhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtsisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeview.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Youmustalsokeepfromattachingtoomuchimportancetoevents,asthingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

36.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat().

37.Controllingyourthoughtsalwaysinvolves().

38.Humanresponsetostressis().

39.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingtheselectionisto().

40.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedintheselectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressiscontrollable?

问题1选项

A.stressisanimbalancebetweeninternalandexternaldemands

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

问题2选项

A.consideringthesituationfromdifferentperspectives

B.imaginingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoeliminatephysicalsymptoms

D.agentleandpassivebreath

问题3选项

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

问题4选项

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderonhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughsuccessfulmanagement

问题5选项

A.Thingsmayseemlessimportantwhenviewedinadifferentway.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】36.主旨大意题。定位在第一句Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.(压力是外界对我们的要求和满足这些要求的自身能力之间存在的失衡状态。)A选项“压力是内在需求和外在需求之间的不平衡”,由第一句可知压力是外在需求和自身能力之间失衡而产生的,表述有误,B选项“控制身体反应和思想是管理压力的有效手段”定位在最后两段的首句。Controllingphysicalsymptomsofst

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