考研考博-英语-咸阳职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-咸阳职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thefuelofthecontinentalmissileissupposedtobe（

）bythisdevice.

问题1选项

A.fired

B.ignited

C.inspired

D.expired

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。fire意为“射击，开火”；ignite意为“燃烧，着火，点燃”；inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；expire意为“期满”。

句意：洲际导弹的燃料应该由这个装置来点燃。

2.单选题

IarguedwithMortonuntiltheweehoursofthemorning,butheremained（

）inhisrefusaltofinancetheproject.

问题1选项

A.subdued

B.generous

C.obstinate

D.courteous

【答案】C

【解析】subdued减弱的，被制服的；generous慷慨的，大方的；obstinate顽固的，倔强的；courteous有礼貌的，谦恭的。句意：我和Morton争论到深夜，但他仍然固执地拒绝资助这个项目。选项C符合句意。

3.单选题

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

问题1选项

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查将来完成时。句意：对太阳系的探索仍在继续，以目前的速度，我们将在未来50年内与所有行星取得联系。根据语境，可知这个句子的时态是将来完成时，在这里表示在将来某一时间一直持续的动作，其结构是will（第二、三人称）+have+过去分词（done），A选项willhavebeencontacted符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Thepresidentialcandidate（

）hispositionbywinningseveralprimaryelections.

问题1选项

A.consolidated

B.intensified

C.enforced

D.enriched

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate“巩固’；intensify“使加强”；enforce“实施”；enrich“使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。

5.单选题

Ithinkitadvisablethathe（

）Tokyosoon.

问题1选项

A.willleave

B.mayleave

C.leave

D.leaves

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。由“itisnecessary/important/advisable/anxious/essential...”等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形或只用动词原形）知C项“leave”正确。

6.单选题

7.

问题1选项

A.Heisabig-wavesurfer.

B.Heisatroublemaker.

C.Heisaniceguy.

D.Heisveryweird.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Joeisalwaystryingtomakewaves.

M:Right.Heisreallyajerk.

Q:WhatdothespeakersthinkofJoe?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Heisreallyajerk(他是一个不折不扣的混蛋)。

7.单选题

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

问题1选项

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替换很简单）可推测Allpartsofthissewingmachine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。

句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的——所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。

8.单选题

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

问题1选项

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"万一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顾"。句意：我们的项目不同,它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。

9.单选题

Thirty-onemillionAmericanareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.Bytheyear2030,oneineveryfivepeopleintheUnitedStateswillbeover60.Elderlypeoplearemembersofthefastest-growingminorityinthiscountry.Manycallthisthe“grayingofAmerica”.

In1973,agroupcalledthe“GrayPanthers”wasorganized.Thisgroupismadeupofyoungandoldcitizens.TheyaretryingtodealwiththespecialproblemsofgrowingoldinAmerica.TheGrayPanthersknowthatmanyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.Somehavefinancialproblems;pricesaregoingupsofastthattheelderlycan’taffordthefood,clothing,andhousingtheyneed.Someoldpeopleareafraidandhavesafetyproblems.Othershaveemotionalproblems.Manyelderlyarelonelybecauseofthedeathofahusbandorawife.TheGrayPanthersknowanotherfact,too.Elderlypeoplewanttobeasindependentaspossible.So,theGrayPanthersarelookingforwaystosolvethespecialproblemsoftheelderly.

ThepresidentoftheGrayPanthersisMaggieKuhn,anactivewomaninherlate70s.ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.ShesaysthatAmericansdonotencourageelderstolivewithyoungerpeople.AsfarasMaggieKuhnisconcerned,onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.

MaggieKuhnknowsthateldersneededucation,too.ShespendslotsoftimetalkingtogroupsofolderAmericans.Sheencouragesthemtocontinuetoliveintheirownhousesifitispossible.Shealsotellsthemthatitisimportanttolivewithyoungerpeopleandtohavechildrenaroundthem.Thishelpselderstostayyoungatheart.

1.Whathealthproblemsdomanyelderlyhave?

2.Nursinghomes（）.

3.MaggieKuhntravelsacrosstheUnitedStatesinorderto（）elders.

4.OneoftheproblemsMaggieKuhntalksaboutis（）.

5.MaggieKuhnencourageseldersto（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyfeellonely.

B.Theyaresufferingfromcancer.

C.Theycannotwalkorseeorhearwell.

D.Theyhavegotheartproblems.

问题2选项

A.aregoodforelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcare

B.helpkeepeldersyoung

C.aresetupfortrainingnurses

D.areplaceswheresmallchildrenaretakencareof

问题3选项

A.collectmoneyfor

B.showconcernsfor

C.findhousesfor

D.educatepeopletohelp

问题4选项

A.whyeldersshouldbetakencareof

B.whereandhowelderslive

C.whoneedsmedicalcare

D.howtoimproveeducationintheUSA

问题5选项

A.liveinnursinghomes

B.travelmore

C.livewithyoungerpeople

D.dosomehousework

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段第四句“manyelderlypeoplehavehealthproblems:somecannotwalkwell,otherscannotseeorhearwell.”选项C与原文表述一致，正确。

2.细节事实题。根据关键词“Nursinghomes”定位到第三段最后一句“onlyelderswhoneedconstantmedicalcareshouldbeinnursinghomes.”只有需要不断的医疗护理的老年人才应该住进养老院。也就是说，养老院对需要持续医疗护理的老年人有益。选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第三段第二句“ShetravelsacrosstheUnitedStates,educatingbothyoungandoldabouttheconcernsofelders.”她走遍美国，教育年轻人和老年人关注老年人的问题。选项D正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“Oneoftheproblemsshetalksaboutiswhereandhowelderslive.”选项B与原文表述一致，正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的三四句，MaggieKuhn鼓励老人继续住在自己的房子里，和年轻人生活在一起，有孩子在身边是很重要的。选项C符合原文。

10.单选题

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意义的;prompt及时的,迅速的;vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。

11.单选题

Thelocalpeoplewerejoyfullysurprisedtofindthepricesofvegetablesnolonger（）accordingtotheweather.

问题1选项

A.evaluated

B.converted

C.fluctuated

D.modified

【答案】C

【解析】evaluated评估，估价；converted转变，改变；fluctuated波动；modified修改。句意：当地人发现蔬菜的价格不再随天气而波动，感到非常高兴和惊讶。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween“flightorfight”andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicesmadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseaseshaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimetorelaxthemselvesbecause______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis______.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Inparagraph2,“suchareaction”refersbackto______.

5.Inthelastsentenceofthearticle,“doso”refersto______.

问题1选项

A.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

B.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

C.theyaretravelingfastallthetime

D.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

问题2选项

A.notfearingstress

B.knowingtheartofrelaxation

C.highsenseofresponsibility

D.havingcontroloverperformance

问题3选项

A.Wecanfindsomewaystoremovestress.

B.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople.

C.Itiseasytochangethehabitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

D.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountofstress.

问题4选项

A.“makingachoicebetween„flightorfight'”

B.“reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically”

C.“respondingtocrisesquickly”

D.“losingheartatthesignsofdifficulties”

问题5选项

A.“exposeourselvestostress”

B.“findwaystodealwithstress”

C.“removestressfromourlives”

D.“establishlinksbetweendiseasesandstress”

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlifeandworkingfrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.”，可知因为忙于工作，所以生活很难慢下来，也就没有时间放松自我。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Somepeoplearenotafraidofstressandsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.”，可是不怕压力是作为一个管理者的主要品质。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.”，一个人能承受的压力是因人而异的，选项D符合题意。

4.考查上下文语义。根据文章第二段，“Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.”，可知当面对各种形式的压力时，我们会产生生理和化学反应，所以下文的reaction就是指这种反应。选项B符合题意。

5.考查上下文语义。根据文章最后一段，“Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives—itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould,”，可知我们不能消除生活中的压力，即使可以这样做，也是不明智。所以这里是指消除压力这件事。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportanceattachedtohuman-resourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm’shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan’teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.Whichofthefollowingappliestothemanagementofhumanresourcesin

Americancompanies?

2.Whatisthepositionoftheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputintrainingmainlygoesto_______.

4.Accordingtothepassage,thedecisivefactorinmaintainingafirm’'scompetitionadvantageis_______.

5.WhatisthemainideaofthePassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyhirepeopleatthelowestcostregardlessoftheirskill.

B.Theyseethegainingofskillsastheiremployees’'ownbusiness.

C.Theyattachmoreimportancetoworkersthantoequipment.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeencompetition.

问题2选项

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispostislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologicareintroduced.

C.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

D.Hehasnosayinmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

问题3选项

A.workerswhocanoperatenewequipment

B.technologicalandmanagerialstaff

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills

D.topexecutives

问题4选项

A.theintroductionofnewtechnologies

B.theimprovementofworkers’'basicskills

C.therationalcompositionofprofessionalandmanagerialemployees

D.theattachmentofimportancetothebottomhalfoftheemployees

问题5选项

A.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinhuman-resourcemanagement.

B.Extensiveretrainingisindispensabletoeffectivehuman-resourcemanagement.

C.Theheadofhuman-resourcemanagementmustbeinthecentralpositioninafirm’'shierarchy.

D.Thehuman-resourcemanagementstrategiesofAmericanfirmsaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是哪一个符合美国公司的人力资源管理。可定位到文章首段中的第二句，本句提到美国的人力资源管理“isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates”。第三句说到“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility”，技能获取被认为是一种个人责任，与B选项“他们把技能的获得看作是员工自己的事”符合，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们以最低成本雇佣员工，而不考虑他们的技能”来自第四句“Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment”，可知劳动力与原材料或设备一样，只是以尽可能低的成本租用，但本句并未提到忽视员工技能这一点，可排除；C和D选项在原文中未提及，可排除。“Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehired—rentedatthelowestpossiblecost—muchasonebuysmaterialsorequipment.”，这句话的意思是美国的企业是以最低的成本去雇佣劳动力，就跟购置材料和设备一样。由此可知，选项C以及选项D的说法错误，而选项B原文并没有提及，为无关选项。因此，答案为A。

2.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是人力资源管理管理负责人在美国的企业中的地位，根据关键词“theheadofhuman-resourcemanagement”定位到原文第一段的“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.，TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).”可得知，人力资源管理者处理企业中的边缘位置，在做重大决策前，从来没有人会咨询人力资源管理者。因此，答案为选项D。

3.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是美国的企业用于培训的资金主要在哪个方面。根据关键词training、money定位到原文第二段的“Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.”，因此答案为选项B。选项A和C,，根据原文中的“Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.”可得知，美国企业在缺乏基本技能以及能操作新设备的员工培训方面花费的资金非常少。选项D原文并没有提及，为无关选项。因此，答案为B。

4.【试题解析】事实细节题。题目问的是保持公司竞争力优势的决定性因素是什么，根据关键词decisivefactor,competitionadvantage定位到文章首句，“Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.”可推断出员工技能对于公司竞争力优势很重要。因此，正确答案为选项B。选项A新工艺的引进，文章虽然有提到，但并无依据表明它可以保持公司竞争力优势。选项C文章并没有提及，为无关选项。选项D文章末尾虽有提到bottomhalf的群体技能可能会影响优势群体的工资，但与公司竞争力优势并无关系。

5.【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文的主题是什么，从文章首段首句可知，如果可持续的竞争优势取决于员工的技能，那么美国企业是有问题的，下文也有提到美国企业对于人力资源管理缺乏重视，从而影响了竞争力。由此可知，答案为选项D。选项A说的是美国的人力资源管理和日本、德国是不同的，这两个选项的说法都符合原文，但比较片面不足以概括全文。选项B说的是广泛的再培训对于有效的人力资源管理来说是必不可少的，这两个选项的说法都符合原文，但比较片面不足以概括全文；选项C说的是“人力资源管理的主管必须处于公司级别的中心位置”，说法太过于绝对。

14.单选题

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

问题1选项

A.A

B.B

问题2选项

A.A

B.B

问题3选项

A.A

B.B

问题4选项

A.A

B.B

问题5选项

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.前后不构成因果关系,所以表述不正确。

2.根据第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”经济衰退带来的是原教旨主义的抬头,以及对实践和信仰的执着,这对性别平等构成了挑战。由此可知,对性别平等构成挑战的源头是经济衰退,所以本句表述错误。

3.根据原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70亿人口中,农村妇女占四分之一,只有5%的农业推广服务是为女性农民提供的。由此可推断,农村妇女在消除贫困和饥饿方面的作用并没有得到充分发挥。所以本句表述错误。

4.本句与原文倒数第七段描述一致,所以表述正确。

5.根据原文倒数第五段可知,虽然性别平等的体制安排和机制为政治改革逐步实现性别平衡提供了框架,但如果没有妇女权利倡导者和运动的行动,就不可能发生变化,这些行动把性别平等问题推到公众审议和抵制的领域。由此可知,在建立性别平等的制度安排和机制框架之后,如果没有实际的行动,是无法充分实现性别平等的。所以表述错误。

15.单选题

Thesearesignsthatthepresidencywillattempttoputenvironmentalissuesonhighits（

）.

问题1选项

A.legislation

B.trend

C.mainstream

D.agenda

【答案】D

【解析】legislation立法，法律；trend趋势，倾向；mainstream主流；agenda议程，日程表。句意：这些迹象表明，总统将试图把环境问题提上议程。选项D符合句意。

16.单选题

Thetheoryputforwardbyafamousscholarataninternationalconferencecontradictsthe（）principlesofthesphereofarchitecture.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.precise

C.appropriate

D.proper

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:particular“专指的，特指的”；B:precise“清晰的；精确的；精细的”；C:appropriate“适当的”；D:proper“境界；限度；范围”。句意：—位著名学者在一次国际会议上提出的理论与建筑领域的特定原则相矛盾。被修饰的名词为“principles原理”，因此可知A为正确答案。

17.单选题

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances（

）thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.

问题1选项

A.mayweuse

B.wemayuse

C.wecoulduse

D.didweuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。undernocircumstances后面要用部分倒装，即将助动词提前至主语前面，选项A符合题意。

18.单选题

Becomingawareofourmother’sage,notjustinnumbersofyearsbut________herpsychologicalandphysicalstate,oftenhelpsustounderstandherbetter.

问题1选项

A.inspiteof

B.onaccountof

C.intermsof

D.bymeansof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项inspiteof“尽管；不管，不顾”；B选项onaccountof“由于；因为；为了……的缘故”；C选项intermsof“依据；按照；在……方面；以……措词”；D选项bymeansof“用，依靠”。句意：意识到我们的母亲的年龄，不仅仅在年纪的数字上，而且（）她的身心状态，常常有助于我们更好地理解母亲。从“innumbersofyears”（在年龄数字方面）这里可知后面指的是“在其身心状态方面”，所以答案选C。

19.单选题

PresidentCoolidge’sstatement,"ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness,"stillpointstoanimportanttruthtoday——thatbusinessinstitutionshavemoreprestigeinAmericansocietythananyotherkindoforganization,includingthegovernment.Whydobusinessinstitutionspossessthisgreatprestige?

OnereasonisthatAmericansviewbusinessasbeingmorefirmlybasedontheidealofcompetitionthanotherinstitutionsinsociety.SincecompetitionisseenasthemajorsourceofprogressandprosperitybymostAmericans,competitivebusinessinstitutionsarerespected.Competitionisnotonlygoodinitself,itisalsothemeansbywhichotherbasicAmericanvaluessuchasindividualfreedom,equalityofopportunity,andhardworkareprotecte