考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-嘉兴南洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

PresidentClinton’sdecisiononApr.8tosendChinesePremierZhuRongjipackingwithoutanagreementonChina’sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationseemedtobeamassivemiscalculation.ThePresidenttookadrubbingfrommuchofthepress,whichhadbreathlesslyreportedthatadealwasinthebag.TheCabinetandWhiteHousestillappeareddivided,andbusinessleaderswerecharacterizedasfuriousoverthelostopportunity.ZhuchargedthatClintonlacked‘thecourage”toreachanaccord.AndwhenClintonlatertelephonedtheangryZhutopledgearenewedeffortatnegotiations,thegesturewaswidelyportrayedasaflip-flop.

Infact,ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal.Alotmorehorsetradingisneededbeforeafinalagreementcanbereached.AndwithouttheAdministration’sgoalofa“bullet-proofagreement”thatbusinesslobbyistscanenthusiasticallyselltoaRepublicanCongress,thewholeprocesswillendupinpartisanacrimonythatcouldharmrelationswithChinaforyears.

THEHARDPART.Manybusinesslobbyists,whiledisappointedthatthedealwasnotclosed,agreethatbettertermscanstillbehad.AndTreasury,SecretaryRobertE.Rubin,NationalEconomicCouncilDirectorGeneB.Spelling,CommerceSecretaryWilliamM.Daley,andtoptradenegotiatorCharleneBarshefskyalladvisedClintonthatwhiletheChinesehadmadearemarkablenumberofconcessions,“we’renotthereyet，’’accordingtoseniorofficials.

NegotiatingwithZhuovertheremainingissuesmaybetheeasypart.AlthoughClintoncansignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentryintotheWTOhimself,heneedsCongresstograntBeijingpermanentmost-favored-nationstatusaspartofabroadtradeaccord.AndthetemptationformeddlingonCapitalHillmayproveover-whelming.ZhuhadbarelylandedbeforeSenateMajorityLeaderTrentLott(R-Miss)declaredhimselfskepticalthatChinadeservedentryintotheWTO.AndSenatorJesseA.Helms(R-NC)andErnestF.Hollings(D-S.C)promisedtointroduceabillrequiringcongressionalapprovalofanydeal.

Thehiddenmessagefromthesethreetextile-stateSoutherners:GetmoreprotectionfortheUS.clothingindustry.Hopingtosmooththeway,theAdministrationtried,butfailed,tobudgeZhuontextiles.Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,andDetroit.ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing.

BIGJOB.Already,businesslobbyistsareblanketingCapitolHilltopresaleanyeventualagreement,butwhatthey'veheardsofarisn'tencouragingRepublicans,includingLott,saythat"thetimejustisn’tright”forthedeal.Translation:We'redeterminedtomakeitlookasifClintonhascapitulatedtotheChineseandisignoringhuman,religious,andlaborrightsviolations;thetheftofnuclear-weaponstechnology;andthesaleofmissilepartstoAmerica'senemies.Beijing'sfiercecriticswithintheDemocraticParty,suchasSenatorPaulD.WellstoneofMinnesotaandHouseMinorityleaderRichardA.GephardtofMissouri,won'thelp,either.

JusthowtoughthelobbyingjobonCapitolHillwillbebecomeclearonApr.20,whenRubinlectured19chiefexecutivesontheneedtodisciplinetheirRepublicanallies.WithbusinessandtheWhiteHousestilltradingchargesoverwhoisresponsibleforthedefeatoffast-tracktradenegotiatinglegislationin1997,workingtogetherwon'tbeeasy.AndRepublicans-withawink-saythatthey'lleventuallyembraceChina'sentryintotheWTOasafavortoCorporateAmenity.ThoughnotlongbeforetheytortureClinton.ButZhuisoutonalimb,andifCongressoverdoesthecriticism,hemaybeforcedbydomesticcriticstorenege.BusinessmustmakethismuchdeartobothitsGOPalliesandtheWhiteHouse:Thishistoricdealistooimportanttorisklosingtoanymorepartisansquabbling.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

3.Whatdoesthesentence"Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,Detroit"convey?

4.WhoplaystheleadingpartinthedealinAmerica?

5.WhatwastheattitudeoftheRepublicanPartytowardChina'sentryintotheWTO?

A.ContradictoryB.AppreciativeC.Disapproving.D.Detestful.

问题1选项

A.TheContradictionbetweentheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanParty

B.OnChina’sentryintoWTO

C.Clintonwasright

D.BusinessLobbyistsControlCapitolHill

问题2选项

A.Americawillmakeconcessions

B.AmericawillholdoutforabetterWTO

C.ClintonhastherighttosignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentry

D.DemocraticpartyapproveChina’sentryintotheWTO

问题3选项

A.PremierZhurejectedtheirrequirements.

B.Thethreeplacesoverdidcriticism.

C.Theywantedmoreprotection.

D.Theyareintrouble.

问题4选项

A.WhiteHouse

B.Republicans

C.TheDemocraticParty

D.Businessmen.

问题5选项

A.Contradictory

B.Appreciative

C.Disapproving.

D.Detestful.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章的主旨句为:ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal(克林顿故意拖延以谋取更多的利益的决定是正确的)。

2.推断题。题干问的是从文章中推断出什么。选项C:克林顿有签署批准中国入世之权。D：民主党赞成中国加入世贸，这两项都是事实,因此排除。选项B:美国会故意拖延以求取得更好的条件。根据文章推断这可能性小。推断选项A(美国将会作出让步)正确。

3.推断题。根据题干定位至第五段，题干句子后一句:ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon"cultural"restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing(朱镕基拒绝开放利润丰厚的中国证券市场，坚持对美国电影和音乐实行“文化”限制。他还阻止了美国汽车制造商提供车队融资)。因此A项(朱总理拒绝了他们的要求)正确。

4.细节题。通过文章内容推断商界在美国的交易中起主导作用。

5.态度方向。共和党一开始是反对的。第六段说时间不对。最后一段共和党一下子有所改变，他们最终将会接受中国加入世贸组织以表示对整体美国的好感。不管是商人院外活动集团的作用，还是明确指出重开谈判的重要性。这一历史事件太重要绝不能因党争而失去机会。共和党纵然心中不愿，也不得不接受现实。心情是矛盾的。由此得出选择A:矛盾。

2.单选题

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom（）neworderswithyou.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。

3.单选题

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals.Theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingtechnologyhasimproved.Today’svesselscanfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable50yearsago.Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes.Intheearlydays,too,longlineswouldhavebeenmoresaturatedwithfish.Someindividualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhookswouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateoffishstocksinthepast.Furthermore,intheearlydaysoflonglinefishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.Thatisnolongeraproblem,becausetherearefewersharksaroundnow.

Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount.Theybelievethedatasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe“shiftingbaseline”.Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetectthemassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecausetheyhavebeenlookingbackonlyarelativelyshorttimeintothepast.Thatmattersbecausetheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbecroppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout50%ofitsoriginallevels.Mostfisheriesarewellbelowthat,whichisabadwaytodobusiness.

1.Theextinctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat______.

2.WecaninferfromDr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaperthat______.

3.Bysayingthesefiguresareconservative(line1,inparagraph3),Dr.Wormmeansthat______.

4.Dr.Myersandotherresearcherholdthat______.

5.Theauthorseemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’______.

问题1选项

A.largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

B.smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

C.largeseaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

D.slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

问题2选项

A.thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreducedby90%

B.thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

C.thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginalamount

D.thenumberoflargepredatordroppedfasterinnewfisheriesthanintheold

问题3选项

A.fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

B.thencatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

C.themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

D.thedatecollectedsofarareoutofdate

问题4选项

A.peopleshouldlookforabaselinethatcan’tworkforalongertime

B.fisheriesshouldkeeptheyieldbelow50%ofthebiomass

C.theoceanbiomassshouldrestoreitsoriginallevel

D.peopleshouldadjustthefishingbaselinetochangingsituation

问题5选项

A.managementefficiency

B.biomasslevel

C.catch-sizelimits

D.technologicalapplication

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“大型史前动物的灭绝暗示什么？”。第一段最后一句Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans（现在类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生），由此推断，文中提到史前动物的灭绝是暗示海洋生物也会面临同样的问题。A项“大型动物很容易受到环境的影响”，B项“小物种幸存下来而大物种消失了”和D项“生长缓慢的鱼比生长迅速的鱼更长寿”都不是大型动物灭绝暗示的现象，所以该题C项正确。

2.【试题解析】细节推断题。题干意思是“我们从Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’s的论文中可以推测出什么？”。根据本题关键词“Dr.MyersandDr.Worm’spaper”定位到本文第二段最后一句AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen（根据他们在《自然》杂志上发表的最新论文，在新渔场开始捕捞的15年内，大型捕食动物（杀死并吃掉其他动物的动物）的生物量平均减少了80%。在一些长期捕鱼的地区，从那时起，它又减少了一半），由此推断，文中提到大型捕食动物平均减少80%，所以可以推测出在一些老的渔场，已经减少了90%。B项“这里的渔场数量只有15年前的一半”说法错误，文中没有渔场数量15年之间的对比；C项“新渔场的渔获量只有原来的20%”说法错误，是指平均下降80%，没有说就只有20%，该说法过于绝对；D项“新渔场的大型捕食者的数量比旧渔场下降得更快”说法错误，根据第二段最后一句可知，应该是旧渔场下降得更快。所以该题A项正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“通过说这些数字是保守的（第三段第一行），Worm博士的意思是？”。根据本题直接定位到本文第三段第四句Thatmeansahigherproportionofwhatisintheseaisbeingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenpresentandpastislikelytobeworsethantheonerecordedbychangesincatchsizes（这意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕捞，所以现在和过去之间的真正差异可能比捕捞规模变化所记录的更糟糕），由此可知因为科技的进步给捕鱼带来的巨大的方便，但是这些数字是保守估计是因为海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏。A项“捕鱼技术进步很快”是给捕鱼带来了方便，但不符合本题题意；B项“捕鱼量实际上比记录的要小”该说法没有原文依据，原文只提到海洋生物遭受了更大的破坏；D项“到目前为止收集到的日期已经过时了”与本题无关。所以该题C项正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“迈尔斯博士和其他研究人员认为？”。根据本题关键词“Dr.Myers”定位到本文最后一段第一句Dr.MyersandDr.Wormarguethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaseline,whichfuturemanagementeffortsmusttakeintoaccount（迈尔斯和沃姆博士认为，他们的工作给出了一个正确的基线，未来的管理工作必须加以考虑），由此可知应该要调整捕鱼的基线来改变当前的状态。A项“人们应该寻找一个长期不起作用的基准”说法错误，是要寻找一个有效的基线；B项“渔业应将产量保持在生物量的50%以下”，该说法错误，根据倒数第二句可知应当是保持在50%，而不是50%之下；C项“海洋生物量应该恢复到原来的水平”说法不全面，是要恢复到原始水平的50%。所以该题D项正确。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“作者似乎主要关注大多数渔业的什么？”。A项“管理效率”；B项“生物量水平”；C项“捕获的大小限制”；D项“技术应用”。整篇文章都是围绕海洋生物的量展开的，而且文章中反复出现了“biomass”，所以可知，作者大多关注海洋生物总量的变化。所以该题B项正确。

4.单选题

Inanunfinishedbuthighlysuggestiveseriesofessays,thelateSarahEisensteinhasfocusedattentionontheevolutionofworkingwomen’svaluesfromtheturnofthecenturytotheFirstWorldWar.Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies—feminism,socialism,tradeunionism—andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.Inthusmaintainingthatwage-workhelpedtoproduceanew“consciousness”amongwomen,Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTenderthatforwomentheworkexperienceonlyservedtoreinforcetheattractivenessofthedominantideology.AccordingtoTender,thedegradingconditionsunderwhichmanyfemalewageearnersworkedmadethemviewthefamilyasasourceofpowerandesteemavailablenowhereelseintheirsocialworld.Incontrast,Eisenstein’sstudyinsiststhatwage-workhadotherimplicationsforwomen’sidentitiesandconsciousness.Mostimportantly,herworkaimstodemonstratethatwage-workenabledwomentobecomeawareofthemselvesasadistinctsocialgroupcapableofdefiningtheircollectivecircumstance.Eisensteininsiststhatasagroupworking-classwomenwerenotabletocometocollectiveconsciousnessoftheirsituationuntiltheybeganenteringthelaborforce,becausedomesticworktendedtoisolatethemfromoneanother.

Unfortunately,Eisenstein’sunfinishedstudydoesnotdeveloptheseideasinsufficientdepthordetail,offeringtantalizinghintsratherthananexhaustiveanalysis.WhateverEisenstein’soverallplanmayhavebeen,initscurrentformherstudysuffersfromthelimitednatureofthesourcesshedependedon.Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.Andthereislessthanadequateattentiongiventothedifferingvaluesofimmigrantgroupsthatmadeupasignificantproportionofthepopulationunderinvestigation.Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,inEisenstein’sview,workingwomenattheturnofthecenturyhad

3.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthepassage?

4.Whatdoestheword“tantalizing”(Line2,Para.2)probablymean?

5.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorofthepassagebemostlikelytoapproveasacontinuationofEisenstein’sstudy?

问题1选项

A.criticizeascholar’sassumptionsandmethodology

B.evaluateanapproachtowomen’sstudy

C.comparetwosociologicaltheories

D.correctamisconceptionaboutfeministtheory

问题2选项

A.Theyresentedthedominantideologyasdegrading.

B.Theypreferredthedominantideologytootheravailableideologies.

C.Theybelievedthatthedominantideologyisolatedthemfromoneanother.

D.Theyacceptedsomebutnotallaspectsofthedominantideology.

问题3选项

A.Achronologicalaccountofahistoricaldevelopmentispresented,andthenfuturedevelopmentsarepredicted.

B.Atermisdefinedaccordingtoseveraldifferentschoolsofthought,andthenanewdefinitionisformulated.

C.Atheoryispresented,analternativeviewpointisintroduced,andthenthereasoningbehindtheinitialtheoryissummarized.

D.Atentativeproposalismade,reasonsforandagainstitareweighed,andthenamodifiedversionoftheproposalisoffered.

问题4选项

A.tempting

B.annoying

C.dubious

D.formal

问题5选项

A.Atheoreticalstudyofhowsocialismandfeminisminfluencedoneanotherattheturnofthecentury.

B.Ananalysisoflettersanddiarieswrittenbytypicalfemalewageearnersattheturnofthecentury.

C.Anassessmentofwhatdifferentsocialandpoliticalgroupsdefinedasthedominantideologyintheearlytwentiethcentury.

D.Adocumentaryaccountoflabor’sroleintheintroductionofwomenintothelaborforce.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干可以定位到文章主旨句，在最后一段“Whileraisingimportantquestions,Eisenstein’sessaysdonotprovidedefinitiveanswers,anditremainsforotherstotakeupthechallengestheyoffer.”，中文翻译为：尽管提出了重要的问题，但是Eisenstein的文章没有提供确切的答案，它仍需要其他人去接受这些问题提供的挑战。可以判断只有B项“评估了研究女人的一种方法”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant“ideologyofdomesticity,”butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文大意为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态。D选项“她们接受了一些，而不是占主导地位的意识形态的所有方面”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词可定位到原文首段“Eisensteinarguesthatturn-of-the-centurywomenneitherwhollyacceptednorrejectedwhatshecallsthedominant‘ideologyofdomesticity,’butrathertookthisandotheravailableideologies―feminism,socialism,tradeunionism―andmodifiedoradaptedtheminlightoftheirownexperiencesandneeds.”中文翻译为：Eisenstein认为世纪之交的女性既不完全接受也不完全拒绝她所谓的占主导地位的“家庭生活意识形态”，相反，她们接受这种意识形态和其他可用的意识形态，如女权主义、社会主义和工会主义，并且根据她们自己的经历和需要来修改或改编这些意识形态，以及“...Eisensteintosomeextentchallengestherecent,controversialproposalbyLeslieTender…”中文翻译为：在一定程度上，Eisenstein质疑LeslieTender……最近提出的有争议的提议，判断C选项“提出一种理论，引出一种互斥的观点，然后总结第一个理论背后的推理”，正确。

4.【试题解析】词汇题。A:tempting“吸引人的”；B:annoying“讨厌的；恼人的”；C:dubious“可疑的；暧昧的；无把握的；半信半疑的”；D:formal“正式的；拘谨的；有条理的”。题干关键词“tantalizing”意为：诱人的。故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Sheusesthespeechesandwritingsofreformersandlabororganizers,whosheacknowledgeswerefarfromrepresentative,asthevoiceofthetypicalwomanworker.”中文翻译为：她（即Eisenstein）使用自己承认远非代表人物的改革者和劳工组织的发言和作品来充当典型的女性工作者的声音。因此B选项“分析世纪之交的典型女性工薪阶层所写的信和日记”符合题意。

5.翻译题

小班上课要求学生参与讨论，因此他们不再被动听课。在与老师和同学进行学术交流时，他们的能力大幅度提高。这种交流有助于教师在考试前了解学生掌握了哪些知识，因此能提高自己的教学质量。这样的课程需要教师们精力充沛、富有想象、认真思考，所有这一切可能令人身心疲惫，但却能促使学生对自己的学业负责。

【答案】Smallclassesrequirestudentstoparticipateindiscussions,sotheynolongerlistenpassively.Theirabilitiesaregreatlyimprovedinacademicexchangeswithteachersandclassmates.Thiskindofcommunicationhelpsteacherstoknowwhatstudentshavemasteredbeforetheexam,thusimprovingthequalityoftheirteaching.Suchcoursesrequireenergetic,imaginativeandthoughtfulteachers,allofwhichcanbeexhausting,butcanmakestudentstakeresponsibilityfortheirstudies.

6.单选题

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

问题2选项

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

问题3选项

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

问题4选项

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

问题5选项

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知从那时起，一些见证者和历史学家试图解释这些复杂革命之间的相互联系。所以是法国革命和美国革命之间的相互联系使学术界分成了两大阵营。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他们的作品都重新阐述了18世纪90年代法国和美国的关系，并且都是通过移民的角度来阐述的。所以他们都从移民的角度对美国革命和法国革命之间的联系进行探索性的解释。选项B符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他们的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因为一些共同的价值观而被统一起来，这些价值观是忽略了民族、宗教、语言和其他各方面的差异的。所以应该选出“忽略”的同义词。选项C符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他们认为掌握了共和国的专业知识，他们对于法国同胞来说，将普世理想转化为现实是有帮助的。所以那些“世界性的爱国者”是在法国具有影响力的美国移民。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章结构，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi两人的作品，从两类移民的角度而写出，下文主要讲述Ziesche作品中，美国精英根据在法国的所闻所见而对自己的国家产生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推测下文中会对Harsanyi的“从美国汲取的教训”这本书，从被放逐至美国的法国贵族这一角度出发写出他们对法国的一些思考或希望。因此A选项符合文意。

7.单选题

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

问题1选项

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项air“空气，大气”；B选项mood“情绪，气氛”；C选项area“区域，地区”；D选项climate“气候，风气，思潮，风土”。air指自然界中的环境氛围。mood侧重人的情绪。area侧重地理位置的区域，地区。句意为：当前的经济形势，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知识。故正确答案选D。

8.单选题

Mostof

whatBillsaidwas（）;onlyone

ortwominorpointshemadewerenotcloselyconnectedwiththematterbeing

discussed.

问题1选项

A.reliable

B.relative

C.related

D.relating

【答案】B

【解析】reliable可靠的；relative指相较的；related指相关的；relating是动词relate的分词形式。句意：比尔讲的大多都很切题,只有一两点与主题关系不是很紧密。选项B正确。

9.单选题

______energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,inanearthquake.

问题1选项

A.Accumulated

B.Assembled

C.Gathered

D.Collected

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Accumulated积累；积聚B.Assembled聚集；集合

C.Gathered集合；归拢（分散的东西）D.Collected收集；采集

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据谓语动词mustbereleased（必须被释放）可推知，能量积累到一定程度的时候必须释放出来，所以______energy是指“积累的能量”，accumulate指任何事物量的增加，侧重于连续不断地、一点一滴地聚积，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B项指把人或事物聚集在一起；

C项侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集；

D项侧重于指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来；

以上三项都不符合句意。

【句意】地下积累的能量必须以一种或另一种形式释放出来，例如地震。

10.单选题

问题1选项

A.Hestayedupverylateattheparty.

B.Hedidn’tgohomeaftertheparty.

C.Hesuffersfromsleeplessness.

D.Heusedtobeinpoorhealth.

【答案】A

【解析】3.W:Youlooksobad.What’sup?

M:Myheadisspinning.Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.IguessIjustcan’ttakelatenightslikeIusedto.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干为：有关这个男人，下列哪一项是正确的？由文中“Ihadabunchofmyfriendsoverlastnightandweparteduntilthethreehours.（昨天晚上