考研考博-英语-四川司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theystoodatthetopofthemountainandviewedthebeautiful（）.

问题1选项

A.lapse

B.landscape

C.layout

D.locality

【答案】B

【解析】lapse小错,过失；landscape风景；layout布局,设计；locality地点,位置。句意：他们站在山顶欣赏美丽的风景。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Betty,though（

）inmostthings,spentalotofmoneyonclothes.

问题1选项

A.economical

B.economic

C.excessive

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】根据though可以推断,前后形成对比,表达意思相反,所以应填入economical节俭的,选项A正确。

3.单选题

Manynovelsthatattempttomirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythatthey

represent.

问题1选项

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively（）bytheuseofhumor.

问题1选项

A.acquainted

B.installed

C.regulated

D.facilitated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。acquaint“使熟悉”；install“安装”；regulate“调节”；facilitate“促进”。句意：幽默可以有效促进职场员工的凝聚力发展和团队合作意识。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Cultureistransmittedlargelybylanguageandbythenecessityforpeopleinclosecontacttocooperate.Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome—intolerationofdiversityifnothingelse.Membersofacultureoranationaregenerallyinclosercontactwithoneanotherthanwithmembersofotherculturesornations.Theybecomemorelikeeachotherandmoreunlikeothers.Inthisway,theredevelops“nationalcharacter”，whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns.

Frequently,themembersofoneculturewillinterpretthe“nationalcharacteristics”ofanothergroupintermsoftheirownvalues.Forexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered“lazy”bycitizensofsomeindustrializednations.Ontheotherhand,itmaybethattheislandersplaceagreatvalueonsocialrelationshipsbutlittlevalueon“productivity”，andcropsgrowwithlittleattention.Thenegativeconnotationofthelabel“lazy”isthusunjustifiedfromthepointofviewoftheislandculture.

Stereotypes,suchas“lazy”，“inscrutable,”and“dishonest”givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothersinasuperficialway,buttheyaredamagingtorealunderstandingamongmembersofdifferentcultures.Peoplereactmoretolabelsthantoreality.AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.The“we-they”distinctionappliestowhatevercharacteristicthe“wes’’haveandthe“theys’’donothave—andthecharacteristicsattributedtothe“theys”areusuallyoneswithanegativevalue.

Thedistinctionbecomesmostobviousintimesofconflict.Forthisreason,itisoftensuggestedtheonlythingthatmightjoinallmentogetheronthisplanetwouldbeaninvasionfromouterspace.“We”，theearthlings,wouldthenfight“them”，theoutsiders.

Giventhegreatdiversities—realandimagined—amongpeopleoftheworld,isthereanyfoundationforhopethatsomedayallmenmightjointogethertoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernment?Theoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.

1.Whatmakespeoplemoretolerantofdiversitybetweendifferentgroups?

2.“Nationalcharacter”isbuiltamongpeoplewho（

）.

3.Tosomeindustrializednations,thementionedSouthPacificislandersare

（

）.

4.Withstereotypes,peopletendto

（

）.

5.WhatistrueabouttheblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer?

6.Itispossibletoformasingleandlegitimateworldgovernmentonlywhen（

）.

问题1选项

A.Extensivecommunications.

B.Languagedevelopment.

C.Closecooperation.

D.Directinteractions.

问题2选项

A.likeeachother

B.sharethesamevalues

C.speakthesamelanguage

D.thinkinthesameway

问题3选项

A.idle

B.carefree

C.inefficient

D.well-organized

问题4选项

A.reacttoeachotheronaregularbasis

B.seedifferentculturesindifferentways

C.taketheirowncultureasthebestofall

D.describeothercultureswithlabels

问题5选项

A.HewaswrongedbyhisfellowAfricanAmericans.

B.Hewasconsideredasadistinguishedvolunteer.

C.Hewasdiscriminatedagainstbythewhites.

D.HewasexcludedfromtheblackAfricans.

问题6选项

A.peoplearewillingtoabandontheir“nationalcharacter”

B.peopleofdifferentnationsholdsimilarpoliticalviews

C.humanbeingsasawholehaveonecommonenemy

D.humanbeingsareabletocontactbeingsinouterspace.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

第6题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第一段第二句。“Themoreextensivethecommunicationsnetwork,thegreatertheexchangeofideasandbeliefsandthemorealikepeoplebecome…（交际网络越广泛，思想和信仰的交流就越多，人与人之间的相似之处也就越多。）”，从而得出本题答案。

2.细节事实题。根据题干信息。可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句。“Inthisway,theredevelops‘nationalcharacter,’whichisthestatisticaltendencyforagroupofpeopletosharevaluesandfollowsimilarbehaviorpatterns（这样，就形成了“民族性”，这是一群人分享价值观和遵循相似行为模式的统计趋势）”，即可得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。“Forexample,theinhabitantsofaSouthPacificislandmaybeconsidered‘lazy’by...（例如，南太平洋岛屿的居民可能被认为是“懒惰的”……）”，从而得出本题答案。

4.细节事实题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段第一句。根据“givepeoplethesecurityoflabelswithwhichtoreacttoothers（给人们安全的标签，让他们对他人做出反应）”，即可得出本题答案。

5.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段第三句。根据“AblackAmericanPeaceCorpsvolunteer,forinstance,isconsideredandcalledawhitemanbyblackAfricans.（例如，美国和平队的黑人志愿者被非洲黑人认为是白人，并被称为白人。）”即可得出本题答案。

6.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。“Theoutcomewillprobablydependonthepoliticalevolutionofmankind.（其结果可能将取决于人类的政治演变。）”从而得出本题答案。

6.单选题

Theprimeminister’sproposalfornewtaxescreatedsucha(an)（

）thathisgovernmentfell.

问题1选项

A.sensation

B.upheaval

C.withdrawal

D.outbreak

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项sensation“轰动”；B选项upheaval“动乱，剧变”；C选项withdrawal“撤退”；D选项outbreak“爆发”。

句意：首相的新税提案造成了如此大的动荡，以至于他的政府垮台了。根据下文的内容可知，选项B更符合语境。

7.翻译题

Itisalsoclearfromhisaccountwhoisresponsibleformisrepresentingthisthreat:themediaandpoliticians.Thoughoutthiswork,hescoldsboth.Politicians,wearetold,“amplifythethreatfortheirownpoliticalgainsandmisleadthepublicintomisunderstandingterrorismandpreferappearingtoughonterrorismtoeffectivelycombatingitathome”.Hearguesthatmediareportingissignificantlyflawedandhystericalandsuggeststhatthemediaandpoliticiansseldompassupanyopportunitytomanipulateandsensationalizenewsevents.ThecombinationofthesetwofactorsisagreatinflationoftheterroristtheatintheUnitedStates,resultinginpopularhysteria.ThefocusonthethreattotheWestisunderstandableinsomeways—itisthethreattoone’sownstatethatthemediaandpoliticiansareconcernedwithandattempttomitigate.

【答案】【参考译文】

从他的描述中也可以清楚地看出，是谁歪曲了这一威胁：媒体和政客。在这篇文章中，他斥责了两者。他说，政客们为了自己的政治利益而放大威胁，误导公众对恐怖主义产生误解，比起在国内有效打击恐怖主义，他们更愿（仅仅）表现出一副强硬态度。他认为媒体报道有明显的缺陷且很滑稽，并暗示媒体和政客很少错过任何操纵和渲染新闻事件的机会。这两个因素结合在一起大大地夸大了美国的恐怖主义威胁，导致了大众的谈虎色变。对西方的威胁的关注度在某种程度上是可以理解的——媒体和政客们关注并试图减轻的是对自己国家的威胁。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

世界银行预计，美元将在2025年丧失单一统治地位，而欧元与人民币将在一个“多种货币并存”的新型货币体系中确立平起平坐的地位。

失去这种转变的将是新兴市场经济体日益增强的实力与优势，其中有6个国家——巴西、印度、中国、印尼、俄罗斯和韩国一将在2025年占据全球增长总量一半以上。根据世行周二发布的一份报告，从现在起至2025年，新兴经济体将以每年4.7%的速度增长，远远快于同期发达经济体2.3%的年增速。“全球增长与投资的天平将向发展中或新兴经济体倾斜，”报告主要作者曼苏尔.戴拉米(MansoorDailami)表示，这种转变意义深远。戴拉米称，例如，这种实力转移将大力推动投资流入驱动全球増长的国家，跨境并购活动将显著增加。

企业界的格局也将发生变化一“你会看到老牌跨国企业将不再占据统治地位。”

此外，一种不同的国际货币体系将逐渐形成。美元作为世界主要储备货币的地位将告终。“美元当前的主导地位将在2025年前消失，被一种以美元、欧元和人民币为中心的货币体系所取代，这三种货币都将发挥成熟国际货币的作用，报告指出。报告还介绍了15年后货币市场“最可能”出现的三种情形。报告认为欧元是美元最“可信”的对手，但有一个问题需要留意。“欧元的地位必将增强，只要欧元能够成功化解多个成员国目前面临的主权债务危机，并能够避免与欧洲成员国相关的道德风险问题。”

对于中国，报告指出，官方通过发展离岸人民币市场和鼓励人民币在国际贸易结算和计价中的使用，已经启动了人民币的“国际化”进程。“人民币角色的提升，将有助于解决中国在全球舞台上的强大经济实力和中国仍严重依赖外国货币这两者之间的脱节。”世行首席经济学家林毅表示，世行描绘出的情形意味着金融机构必须“尽快适应，跟上形势。”

【答案】TheWorldBankpredictsthedollarwillloseasingledominantpositionin2025,whiletheeuroandtheRMBwillestablishanequalfootingpositioninanew“multicurrency”monetarysystem.

Itwillbetheincreasingstrengthandadvantageofemergingeconomythatlossthiskindofshift,including6countries—Brazil,India,China,Indonesia,RussiaandKoreain2025willoccupymorethanhalfofthetotalglobalgrowth.AccordingtoaWorldBankreportreleasedTuesday,fromnowuntil2025,emergingeconomieswillincreasebytherateof4.7%,ismuchfasterthandevelopedeconomyatthesameperiodwhoseannualgrowthrateis2.3%.“Thebalanceofglobalgrowthandinvestmentwillinclinetodevelopingoremergingeconomies”theauthorsofthereport,MansoorDailamisaidthatthesignificanceofthischangeisprofound.Dailamisaid,forexample,thisshiftinpowerwillvigorouslypromoteinvestmentflowstothecountriesdrivingglobalgrowth,cross-bordermergersandacquisitionswillincreasesignificantly.Thecorporatelandscapewillchangeand“youwillseethefamousmultinationalenterpriseswillnolongeroccupythedominantposition.”

Inaddition,adifferentinternationalmonetarysystemwillbegraduallyformed.Thedollarastheworld'smainreservecurrencywillend.“Thedominanceofthedollarwilldisappearin2025,beingreplacedbytheDollar,EuroandRMBasthecenterofthemonetarysystem,thisthreekindsofcurrencywillallplayamatureinternationalcurrencyrole,suggestedbythereport.Thereportalsopointedoutthree“mostlikely”kindsofsituationsoncurrencymarketsin15years.Thereportsaysthattheeurowillbethemost“credible”opponentsofdollar,butthereisaproblemneedingattention.“Aslongastheeurocansuccessfullyresolvethemaindebtcrisisencounteredbymultiplemembers,andavoidthemoralhazardproblemassociatedwiththeEuropeanmembers,itsstatuscanbestrengthened”.

ForChina,thereportpointedoutthatofficialhaslaunchedthe“internationalization”oftheprocessofRMBthroughexploringtheoffshoreRMBmarketandencouragingtheuseofRMBininternationaltradesettlementandvaluation.“ThepromotionoftheroleofRMBwouldhelpsolvethediscrepancybetweenChina’sstrongeconomicstrengthintheworldstageandthehighrelianceontheforeigncurrencies.”theeconomistoftheWorldBankchiefLinYisaidthatthesituationpresentedbytheworldbankmeansthatfinancialinstitutionsmust“adaptassoonaspossible,keepupwiththesituation”.

9.单选题

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AbrahamLincolnturns200thisyear,andhe’sbeginningtoshowhisage.Whenhisbirthdayarrives,onFebruary12,CongresswillholdaspecialjointsessionintheCapitol’sNationalStatuaryHall,awreathwillbelaidatthegreatmemorialinWashington,andawebcastwilllinkschoolclassroomsfora“teach-in”honoringhismemory.

Admirableastheyare,though,theeventswillstrikemanyofusLincolnfansasinadequate,evenhalfheartedand—anothersignthatourappreciationforthe16thpresidentandhistoweringachievementsisslippingaway.Andyoudon’thavetobeaLincolnenthusiasttobelievethatthisissomethingwecan’taffordtolose.

Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909.Thatyear,Lincoln’slikenessmadeitsdebutonthepenny,thankstoapprovalfromtheU.S.SecretaryoftheTreasuryCommunitiesandcivicassociationsineverycomerofthecountyeruptedinparades,concerts,balls,lecturesandmilitarydisplays.Westillfeeltheeffectstoday:Themomentumunloosedin1909ledtotheLincolnMemorial,openedin1922,andtheLincolnHighway,thefirstpavedtranscontinentalthoroughfare.

Thecelebrantsin1909hadafewinspirationswelacktoday.Lincoln’spresidencywasstillalivingmemoryforcountlessAmericans.In2009wearefartherintimefromtheendoftheSecondWorldWarthantheywerefromtheCivilWar;familiesstillfeltthelossoflovedonesfromthatawfulnationaltrauma.

ButAmericansin1909hadsomethingmore:anunembarrassedappreciationforheroesandanacutesenseofthewaythatevenlong-deadhistoricalfigurespressinonthepresentandmakeuswhoweare.

OnestorywillillustratewhatI’mtalkingabout.

In2003agroupoflocalcitizensarrangedtoplaceastatueofLincolninRichmond,Virginia,formercapitaloftheConfederacy.Theideatouchedoffafirestormofcontroversy.TheSonsofConfederateVeteransheldapublicconferenceofcarefullyselectedscholarsto“reassess”thelegacyofLincoln.Theverdict—nosurprise—wasnegative:Lincolnwaslabeledeverythingfromaracisttotalitariantoatellerofdirtyjokes.

Icoveredtheconferenceasareporter,butwhatreallyunnervedmewasacounter-conferenceofscholarstorefutetheearlierone.ThesescholarsdrewapictureofLincolnthatonlyourtouchy-feelyagecouldconjureup.Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as“nonjudgmental,”“unmoralistic,”“comfortablewithambiguity.”

IfeltthewayafriendofminefeltaswelaterwatchedtheunveilingoftheRichmondstatueinasubduedceremony:“Buthe’ssosmall!”

ThestatueinRichmondwasindeedsmall;likenearlyeveryLincolnstatueputupinthepasthalfcentury,itwaslife-sizeandwasplacedatgroundlevel,aconsciousrejectionoftheheroic—approachableandhuman,yes,butnotsomethingtolookupto.

TheRichmondepisodetaughtmethatAmericanshavelostthelanguagetoexplainLincoln’sgreatnesseventoourselves.EarliergenerationssaidtheywantedtheirchildrentobelikeLincoln:principled,kind,compassionate,resolute.TodaywewantLincolntobelikeus.

ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage.We’vehadLincolnashumoristandLincolnasmanic-depressive,Lincolnthebusinesssage,theconservativeLincolnandtheliberalLincoln,theemancipatorandtheracist,thestoicphilosopher,theChristian,theatheist—LincolnovereasyandLincolnscrambled.

What’softenmissing,though,isthetimelessLincoln,theLincolnwhomallgenerations,ourownnolessthanthatof1909,canlayclaimto.Luckyforus,thosememorializersfromacenturyago—and,throughthem,Lincolnhimself—haveleftusthehintofwheretofindhim.TheLincolnMemorialisthemostvisitedofourpresidentialmonuments.HereiswherewefindtheLincolnwhoendures:inthewordsheleftus,definingthecountrywe’veinherited.HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus.

26.Theauthorthinksthatthisyear’scelebration,isinadequateandevenhalfheartedbecause（）.

27.Accordingthepassagewhatreallymakesthe1909celebrationsdifferentformthisyear’s?

28.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecounter-conference（）.

29.Accordingtotheauthor,theimageofLincolnconceivedbycontemporarypeople（）.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheimplicationofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.nosimilarappreciationofLincolnwillbeseen

B.noactivitiescanbecomparedtothosein1909

C.noLincolnstatuewillbeunveiled

D.nomemorialcoinswillbeissued

问题2选项

A.StructuresconstructedinmemoryofLincoln.

B.Varietyandmagnitudeofcelebrationactivities.

C.Respectforgreatpeopleandtheirinfluence.

D.TemporalproximitytoLincoln’spresidency.

问题3选项

A.rectifiedthejudgmentbythosecarefullyselectedscholars

B.resultedinsimilardisparagingremarksonLincoln

C.cameupwithsomewhatfavorableconclusions

D.offeredabrandnewreassessmentperspective

问题4选项

A.revealsthevarietyofcurrentopinionsonheroes

B.showsthepresent-daydesiretoemulateLincoln

C.reflectsthepresent-daytendencyofworship

D.conformstotraditionalimages

问题5选项

A.Thememorialissymbolicofthegreatman’sachievements.

B.Lincoln’sgreatnessremainsdespitethepassageoftime.

C.EachgenerationhasitsowninterpretationofLincoln.

D.PeoplegettoknowLincolnthroughmemorializers.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】26、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inadequateandevenhalfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的，甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的，由第三段第一句话“Comparethisyear’scelebrationwiththeLincolncentennialin1909”（将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较），然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大，所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比，是远远不够的，因此B选项符合题意；A选项没有原文依据；C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有，而1909年有的具体表现，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

27、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模，即本文的第三段介绍了有哪些不同，因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的；C选项说法错误，即使是今天，人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大；D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。

28、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“Themanwhooversawthemostsavagewarinourhistorywasdescribed—byhisadmirers,remember—as‘nonjudgmental,’‘unmoralistic,’‘comfortablewithambiguity’”（这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人，被他的崇拜者描述为——请记住——“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”）可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像，传递出关于林肯负面的内容，即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论，所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误，与B选项意义相反，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

29、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“imageofLincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“ThishelpstoexplainthelongstringofrecentbooksinwhichwritershavepresentedaLincolnmadeaftertheirownimage”，后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造，总之是很混乱的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法，因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。

30、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“HereistheLincolnwhocanbeendlesslyrenewedandwho,200yearsafterhisbirth,retainsthepowertorenewus”（这就是林肯，他可以不断地被更新，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留着更新我们的权力）可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新，但是尽管时间流逝，林肯的伟大仍然存在，最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容，A选项排除；C选项体现在倒数第二段，题干问的是最后一段；D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

问题1选项

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解决的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上瘾的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：尽管有力的证据已经证明尼古丁能让人上瘾，但是烟草公司仍然坚持它是无害的。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题1选项

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

问题2选项

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

问题3选项

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

问题4选项

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题5选项

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_____。根据关键词“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_________上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_________。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：如果_________，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_________，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.（不管我们愿意与否，年轻人都生活在某种环境中，而这种环境不断地与儿童和青少年带给它的东西相互影响，其结果是他们的兴趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受误导的。如果自诩的教育家放弃判断和选择在他的理解下有利于成长的环境的责任，那么年轻人就会任由现代社会环境中所有无组织的、随意的力量摆布，只要他们活着，这些力量就不可避免地会对他们产生影响。），所以只有教育者判断和选择对年轻人有利的环境，才能避免他们受到不良的影响，B选项“老师有足够的判断力来做出正确的选择”，符合题意。A选项“教育者放弃他们对受教育者的责任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C选项“教师帮助建立有利于学生成长的条件”，教师只能帮助判断和选择环境，而不是主动创造条件，所以C选项不对。D选项“校长在联合企业中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

12.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】compulsoryschooling指义务教育,为习惯用法。compelling引人注目的；forced强迫的；obliged感激的,有责任的；compulsory义务的,必修的。句意：和在英国其他地方一样,苏格兰的义务教育从5岁开始,到16岁结束。选项D正确。

13.单选题

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

问题1选项

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意为“无论如何，不管怎样，无论发生什么事”。

句意：无论如何，我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。

14.翻译题

PartII.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish(25分)

如果分析不当，造成误解，就谨小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放开手脚。结果是丧失时机，犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。（《邓小平文选》第三卷）

【答案】Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthusincurmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateoutmindsandactboldly.Consequently,wewillloseopportunities.Likeaboatsailingagainstthecurrent,wemustforgeaheadorbesweptdownstream.

15.问答题

Directions:Afteryouhavereadthefollowingpassage,writeoutasummaryinEnglishwhitabout70