考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-唐山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Earlymenwerealsogreatlyinterestedinthestarstheysawtwinklingintheskyatnight.Whattheydidnotrealizewasthatthestarswerealsopresentduringthedaytime,buttheirlightwasnotvisiblebecauseofthebrillianceofthesun.Howdidtheydiscoverthis?

Thereisoneeventwhichdoesenableustoseethestarsinthedaytime.Itisthetotaleclipseofthesun(日全食),whenthemoonpassesinfrontofthesunandhidesitfromview.Whenthishappens,theskybecomesdarkenoughforthestarstobeseen.Totaleclipsesofthiskinddonotoccurveryoftenandarenotlikelytobeseenfromthesameareamorethanonceeveryfifty-fouryears.Onecanimaginewhatanawe-inspiringsightitmusthavebeenforanearlyman,whowouldremembertheeventfortherestofhislife.

Somanwatchedthemovementsofthesun,themoonandthestarsandwonderedaboutthem.Itwaspracticingtheoldestbranchofscience—astronomy.

【答案】古人也对夜晚所见天空中闪烁的群星怀有浓厚的兴趣。他们还知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不见它们闪光，因为太阳光太强了。人们怎么会发现这一点的呢？

只有一种情况让我们在白天看见星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太阳前面，把它遮住。这时天空变暗，便可看见星星了。这种日全食并不常见，同一个地区也许每隔五十四年只会碰上一次。我们可以想象，对于古人来说，这该是一种多么令人心惊胆颤的景象啊，他们一生永远也不会忘记。

人类就是这样观察太阳，月亮和星体的运动，并产生疑问的，人们在思考它们是什么，以及它们在干什么的时候，其实就是在从事对科学的最古老的学科——天文学的研究。

2.单选题

Agroupofyoungmeninragssaunteredalongthestreet.

问题1选项

A.shuffled

B.rambled

C.tacked

D.hollered

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.shuffled拖着脚走，坐立不安B.rambled漫步，闲逛

C.tacked（用平头钉）钉住；戗风行驶D.hollered发牢骚，大声喊叫

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由Agroupofyoungmeninrags（一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人）和street（街道）可推测，句子意思表示“一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛”，划线单词sauntered表示“闲逛，漫步”。因此，B选项词义最为接近，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项与划线单词意思不符合。

【句意】一群衣衫褴褛的年轻人沿街闲逛。

3.单选题

Thereasonthatthecityattractslotsofinhabitantsliesinthatit’sacityof（）.

问题1选项

A.intensity

B.diversity

C.adversity

D.necessity

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这个城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一个多元化的城市。

考查名词辨析。Intensity强度,强烈;diversity不同(点),多样性,多样化;adversity困境,逆境;necessity必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。

4.单选题

Thereareseveral______betweentheoriginalestimatesofthecostandtheactualbills.

问题1选项

A.exaggerations

B.discrepancies

C.breakthroughs

D.compliances

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exaggeration“夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法”；B选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”；C选项breakthrough“突破；突破性进展”；D选项compliance“顺从，服从；符合；屈从；可塑性”。句意：费用的原始估计和实际账单之间有几处不一致。因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Theamountofheatproducedbythiselectricalapparatusis（）atwillbyturningasmallhandle.

问题1选项

A.variable

B.various

C.different

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:variable“可变的”；B:various“各种各样的”；C:different“不同的”；D:diverse“不同的”。句意：由这个电子设备产生的热量是可变的--任意转动一个小的操按钮即可。根据句意，判断出A为正确答案。

6.单选题

Today’srecyclerscannowconceivablylayclaimtoarich,bloody,brawnyheritage,ifanewVikingdiscoveryisanyindication.ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest.

An11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredinthecityofYorkislikelyevidenceofamakeshiftrecyclingcenter,whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle,accordingtohistorianCharlesJones,organizeroftheFulfordBattlefieldSociety,whichadvocatespreservingthebattlesiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

Jonesandhisteamhavefoundhundredsofpiecesofironwork—includingaxes,swordparts,andarrowheads——alongwithlumpsofmelted-downironandtheremainsofsmeltingpits.“Wefoundseveral‘smithinghearthbottoms’—theremainsofthemoltenmetalwhichdribblesdownduringthereprocessingoftheweaponryironwork,nhetoldtheYorkPress.“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace,”Jonessaid.TheartifactsarecurrentlyundergoingX-rayanalysisattheUniversityofYork.Theuniversity’sSorenSindbaeksaidthetestsshouldrevealwhetherthecorrodeditemswereforgedusingNorseironwork,whichinvolvedusingdistinctivealloysofsoftironandhardsteel.“TheVikingswereveryskillfulmetalworkers,”saidarchaeologistSindbaek.“Theirweaponryisfamousforthewayironistreated.Anymetalwasapreciousmaterialthatwouldberecycled，”hesaid.“Whoeverwonafightinthisperiodwouldcollectwhatwasleftonthebattlefield.”

ThoughheknowsofnootherbattlefieldexamplesofVikingrecycling，evidenceofreuseofmetalandothermaterialshasbeenfoundatotherVikingsites,Sindbaeksaid.RecentexcavationsinYork,whichwascapturedandsettledbytheScandinavianseafarersin866，forinstance,showthatVikingsrecycledboatsforbuildingmaterialforhousesandevensidewalks.

JonesbelievesVikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork.Thehistorian’steambelievestheVikingswereforcedtoabandontheirrecyclingworkfivedayslaterbyasecondEnglishattack,theBattleofStamfordBridge,ledbyEngland’sKingHaroldII.TheVikingleaderinthebattle,KingHaroldIIIofNorway,waskilledandhisforcesrouted.TheEnglishkinglosthisownlifethefollowingmonth,whenhiswar-wearytroopsweredefeatedattheBattleofHastingsbyWilliam,DukeofNormandy,whobecamethenewEnglishking.

ProjectleaderJones,authorofTheForgottenBattleof1066:Fulford,isanamateurhistorian,andmanyoftheartifactswereuncoverednotduringprofessionalarchaeologicalexcavationsbutbymetal-detectorenthusiasts.Butthat“doesn’tatalldevalue”thediscovery,saidarchaeologistAllanHalloftheUniversityofYork.TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment，”Hallsaid.“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart.”

1.Whatissaidabouttoday’srecyclersatthebeginningofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe11th-centurymetalworkingsiterecentlydiscoveredin

thecityofYork?

3.WhathadarchaeologistsknownaboutVikingrecyclingbeforetheweaponrecyclingcenterwasdiscovered?

4.WhatisspecialaboutthevillageofFulford?

5.WhatdoweknowabouttheFulfordBattlefieldSociety?

问题1选项

A.TheyrecyclethingsthatarediscoveredattheVikingsettlements.

B.Theyareasrich,bloodyandbrawnyastheirVikingancestors.

C.TheymayhaveinheritedtherecyclingtraditionfromtheVikings.

D.TheyrecyclethesamethingsthattheVikingsrecycled.

问题2选项

A.Itwasanironworkrecyclingcenterfarawayfromthebattlefield.

B.WeaponsandotherutensilswerereprocessedherebytheVikings.

C.Evidenceshowsthattheweaponsrecycledherewereleftbytheenemyinthebattle.

D.Thepiecesofironworkfoundinthissitearebeinganalyzedinordertoknowwhatexactlytheyweremade'of.

问题3选项

A.TheVikingsrecycledmetalandothermaterialsfordailyuse.

B.TheVikingsonlyrecycledmetalsbecausetheywereprecious.

C.TheVikingsweretheonlypeopleatthattimewhousedalloysinreprocessingweapons.

D.Recyclingcenterswereusuallyfoundbehindthebattlefields.

问题4选项

A.ItisnearthecityofYorkbutwasnotincludedinthecityinhistory.

B.Abattletookplaceherein1066afterwhichtheVikingrecyclingcenterwasbuilttoreprocessweapons.

C.TheVikingsdefeatedtheEnglisharmytwicehereintheyear1066.

D.ItwasthelocationofthebattlebetweenKingHaroldIIandDukeofNormandy.

问题5选项

A.Itisanorganizationofprofessionalandamateurhistorians.

B.ItstrivesforpreservingtheVikingrecyclingsiteagainstpotentialdevelopment.

C.ItassistedprofessionalarchaeologistsintheexcavationoftheVikingrecyclingcenter.

D.Itisanamateurorganizationcooperatingcloselywithprofessionalarchaeologists.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节推理题。题干：在这篇文章的开头，关于今天的回收者说了些什么？本文第一段最后一句提到“ThefamedNorsewarriors,manyofwhomsettledpartsofeasternandnorthernEnglandintheMiddleAges,recycledastheyfought,newexcavationsintheUnitedKingdomsuggest”，著名的北欧战士——维京人就是边打仗边回收利用，说明今天的回收者可能是从维京人继承而来。因此C选项符合题意。

2.细节推理题。题干：关于最近在约克市发现的11世纪金属加工遗址，下列哪一项是正确的？文章第二段第一句提到了11世纪金属加工遗址。文中对此的描述是“whereVikingstookweaponsforreprocessingafterbattle”，与B选项对应，因此B选项符合题意。

3.细节推理题。题干：在发现武器回收中心之前，考古学家对维京人的回收利用了解多少？文中的CharlesJones即aechaeologist考古学家，文中引用了“Theironfindssupporttheideathatmetalwasgatheredandrecycledintheareajustbehindwherethefightingtookplace”，对应D选项的内容，因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：富尔福德村有什么特别之处？第五段提到“Vikingsforcesworkedonthemetalin1066afterdefeatingEnglishwarriorsattheBattleofFulford,avillagelongsincesubsumedbytheexpandedcityofYork”，可知1066年在这里发生了战役，维京人在这里开始回收武器。因此B选项符合题意。

5.细节推理题。题干：我们对福尔福德战场了解多少？文章最后一段说到“TheFulfordBattlefieldSocietyis“workingincloseco-operationwiththearchaeologicalestablishment”，提取关键词“合作”，还提到“Archaeologyhasalongtraditionofamateurstakingpart”，与A选项的“amateurhistorians”对应，因此A选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Astheyenteredthevillageshop,theoldladybehindthecounter________atthemkindly.

问题1选项

A.beamed

B.glared

C.grimaced

D.peeped

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。beamatsb.“对某人微笑”；glareatsb.“盯着某人；怒视某人”；grimace“扮鬼脸”；peepat“偷窥”。句意：当他们走进乡村小店时，柜台后面的老妇人朝他们友好地微笑。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

WhentheU.N.CommissionontheStatusofWomen(CSW)helditsinauguralmeetinginLondonbackin1946,theU.S.delegate,EleanorRoosevelt,readanopenlettertothewomenoftheworldcallingongovernmentstoencouragewomeneverywheretoparticipateinnationalandinternationalaffairs.Theletteralsourgedwomenwhoareconsciousoftheiropportunitiestocomeforwardandshareintheworkofpeaceandreconstructionastheydidinwarandresistance.

But66yearslater,theworldwidestruggleforgenderequalityandgenderempowermentcontinuesunabated——evenaswomenfindthemselvesdiscriminatedagainst,andvictimsofviolence,bothathomeandonthebattlefield.

AsIndia'sPermanentRepresentativetotheUnitedNationsAmbassadorHardeepSinghPuritoldtheSecurityCouncilonFebruary23,2012,closeto90percentofcurrentcasualtiesinwarsandsituationsofarmedconflictarecivilians,withthemajoritybeingwomenandchildren.

Obviously,womenbearadisproportionatelylargeshareoftheburdenofconflict,buthaveamarginalsayinmattersofwarandpeace,hesaid,pointingouttheirony.Thisisperhapsafunctionofthegenderimbalanceinoursocieties,reflectedinpositionsofpowerandinfluence,headded.

Despitethis,Puffargued,womenshouldnotbeviewedsolelyasvictimsofwar.Theyalsohavetoassumethekeyroleofensuringfamilylivelihoodsinthemidstofchaosanddestruction,andareparticularlyactiveinthepeacemovementsatthegrassrootslevelandcultivatingpeacewithintheircommunities.

Therefore,theabsenceofwomenatthepeacenegotiatingtableisunconscionable,declaredPuri,asheimplicitlycriticizedthefactthatpeacenegotiatorsareoverwhelminglymale.

YasmeenHassan,globaldirectorattheNewYorkbasedEqualityNow,saidthateconomicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.

Similarly,shepointedout,Warandlackofsecurityleadtoacurtailmentofwomen'srights.Thedevelopingworldhasseenalotmoreinstability——economic,political,social——thathasoftenbeenexacerbatedbyconflicts,bothinternalandcrossborder,thatposethebiggestbarrierstogenderequality.

“Instabilityandconflictsalsomakewomen'srightsactivismdifficultaswomenmaybecomedividedonissuesofnationalorigin,raceandclass,”sheadded.

A10-daymeetingofthe45-memberCSW,beginningFebruary28,2012,willfocusonanotherbattlefrom:theempowermentofruralwomenandtheirroleinpovertyandhungereradicationandsustainabledevelopment.

Accordingtothenewly-createdU.N.Women,ruralwomenconstituteone-fourthoftheWorld'spopulationofsevenbillionpeople.Still,onlyfivepercentofagriculturalextensionservicesareprovidedforwomenfarmers,andinruralsub-SaharanAfrica,womenholdlessthan10percentofthecreditavailabletosmallholderagriculture.

“Ifruralwomenhadequalaccesstoproductiveresources,agriculturalyieldscouldreducethenumberofchronicallyhungrypeoplebybetween100and150million,”saysUNWomen.

Askedaboutthekeyachievementsongenderempowermentinthelastfiveto10years,Hassansaid.“Everyoneagreesthatitisanissuethathastobeputontheagenda——women'sempowermenthascometobeseenasessentialfordevelopmentand,moreimportantlyincurrenttimes,forbuildingpeace.”

Shesaidtheshacklesofcultureandreligion,thoughstillbindingwomenmuchmoreharshlythanmen,havecometobeseen——atleastinternationally——asnotinevitableandinfactbreakable.

GigiFrancisco,thePhilippines——basedgeneralcoordinatorofDevelopmentAlternativeswithwomenforaNewEra(DAWN),saidthatamidstthebackdropofuncertaintimesforeconomiesworldwideandre-commitmentsmadebytheinternationalcommunitytoendingpovertyandachievingsustainabledevelopment,thereisamoredeliberatefocusonordinarywomen'srolesinproductionandconsumptionacrosstheeconomicsouth.

Byrelievingwomen'spracticalburdenslinkedtotheirgenderroles,itisassumedthatwomenandtheirfamilieswillbecomemoreefficientinaccessinganddistributingresourcesthatwouldeventuallyredoundtosomedegreeofempowerment,shesaid.

Atthesametime,Franciscopointedout,whenwomenbecomemoreefficientinperformingtheirroles,therestofthesocietyandtheentireeconomybenefit.

Focusingontheissuesandconcernsofgrassrootswomenistherightthingtodo.“Howeverwhatisfundamentallywrongwiththisapproachisthatwithoutawomen'srightsperspectivethefocusonefficiencyconfersentitlementstopoorwomensolelyonthebasisoftheirlabor,”sheadded.

Aswell,theapproachdoesnotleadtoanytransformationoftheexistinggenderdivisionoflaborthatpositionswomeninasubordinatedwaywithinfamiliesandsocieties,sheadded.Andbeinglesspoordoesnotmeanthatthegendergaphadbecomelessunequal.

Askedaboutgenderprogress,Franciscosaidthattheriseinthenumberofwomenenteringofficialpositionsofpowerandauthorityatlocal,national,regionalandgloballevelsisamajorachievementinonekeyaspectofgenderequality.

ThisisundoubtedlyaclearfollowthroughonobligationssetintheConventionontheEliminationofAllFormsofDiscriminationAgainstWomen(CEDAW)andthe1995BeijingPlatformforAction(BPFA)adoptedattheFourthWorldConferenceonWomeninChina.

Whileinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequalityhaveprovidedtheframeworkinprogressivelyrealizinggenderbalanceinpoliticalreforms,changescouldnothavetakenplacewithouttheactionsbywomen'srightsadvocatesandmovementsthatpushedgenderequalityissuestotherealmofpublicdeliberationsandresistances.

“Incelebratingwomenwhoareinpositionsofpower,wemustrememberthatfirstly,thesituationforwomenleadersacrossandwithincountriesconsiderablyvary,”Franciscosaid.

Secondly,thatgains,eventhecelebratedones,maybetransientandseriouslythreatenedbyahostofneo-conservativereactionsthatemergefromsimultaneousupheavalsanduncertainties,andthirdly,powerfulwomenwillneedtobeassessednotintermsofhowlongtheyremainaspostergirlsforgenderequalitybutintermsoftheirconcretecontributionstoensuringthattherightsandwell-beingofordinarywomenaresecuredandpromoted.

“Andthattheprocessesofgovernanceatalllevelsremainaccountabletowomen'srightsorganizationsandmovements,”shesaid.

Relatedtothis,shesaid,isabigchallengethatUNWomennowhastoface:howitwillworkoutitsmechanismsandprocessesofpartnershipwithandaccountabilitytothewomen'smovementsinatransparentandconsultativeway.

Themainmessageofthispassageisthatwomentodayhavemadeextraordinaryprogressinattainingtherightstoparticipatingnationalandinternationalaffairs,forwhichtheirdeathtollinwarsandconflictishigherthanmen's.

Instability,risingfundamentalismcauseachallengetogenderequality.

Theroleofruralwomenineradicatingpovertyandhungerhasbeenfullyrealized.

Onekeyprogressingenderequalityisthatmorewomentodayattainofficialpositionsofpowerandauthority.

Theauthorofthispassagebelievesthatgenderbalancecanbefullyachievedaftertheestablishmentoftheframeworkofinstitutionalarrangementsandmechanismsforgenderequality.

问题1选项

A.A

B.B

问题2选项

A.A

B.B

问题3选项

A.A

B.B

问题4选项

A.A

B.B

问题5选项

A.A

B.B

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.前后不构成因果关系,所以表述不正确。

2.根据第七段“economicdownturnsbringwiththemrisingfundamentalismsandaclingingtopracticesandbeliefsthatposeachallengetogenderequality.”经济衰退带来的是原教旨主义的抬头,以及对实践和信仰的执着,这对性别平等构成了挑战。由此可知,对性别平等构成挑战的源头是经济衰退,所以本句表述错误。

3.根据原文第十一段“ruralwomenconstitute...areprovidedforwomenfarmers.”世界70亿人口中,农村妇女占四分之一,只有5%的农业推广服务是为女性农民提供的。由此可推断,农村妇女在消除贫困和饥饿方面的作用并没有得到充分发挥。所以本句表述错误。

4.本句与原文倒数第七段描述一致,所以表述正确。

5.根据原文倒数第五段可知,虽然性别平等的体制安排和机制为政治改革逐步实现性别平衡提供了框架,但如果没有妇女权利倡导者和运动的行动,就不可能发生变化,这些行动把性别平等问题推到公众审议和抵制的领域。由此可知,在建立性别平等的制度安排和机制框架之后,如果没有实际的行动,是无法充分实现性别平等的。所以表述错误。

9.单选题

Althoughthetownhadbeen（）bythestormseveraltimes,littledamagewasdone.

问题1选项

A.attacked

B.injured

C.banned

D.struck

【答案】A

【解析】句意:尽管这个城镇几次遭到暴风雨的袭击，但几乎没有造成什么损失。

考查动词辨析。attack攻击，抨击，动手干；injure伤害，损害:harm伤害，危害，损害;struck罢工，打击。此处是动词的过去分词形式表被动，动作的发出者是thestorm(暴风雨)，故选A项。

10.单选题

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublishtheirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthespecializedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthiscentury,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticlepublishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithasbeenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsofpreparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround£500to$5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts”hadbeensteadilyrisingatarateaboveinflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

1.Scientificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause（

）.

2.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave（

）.

3.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

4.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

问题1选项

A.itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease

B.itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful

C.itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced

D.itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing

问题2选项

A.thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries

B.gonethroughanexistentialcrisis

C.revivedthepublishingindustry

D.financedresearchersgenerously

问题3选项

A.Relieved.

B.Puzzled.

C.Concerned.

D.Encouraged.

问题4选项

A.allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney

B.renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists

C.reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially

D.freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens

问题5选项

A.Trialsubscriptionisoffered.

B.Labourtriumphsoverstatus.

C.Costsarewellcontrolled.

D.Thefewfeedonthemany.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干中关键词alicencetoprintmoney，定位到第一段第三句，其他科学家也免费进行同行评议的专门工作，因为它是获得地位和生产科学知识的核心要素。正确选项D，acquisition原词，forfree替换选项中的costnothing.

2.细节题。根据题干关键词Elsevier定位到第三段第一句话，该公司去年利润超过9亿英镑，然而仅英国大学在2016年就花费了超过2.1亿英镑。正确选项A“主要依靠大学图书馆”为定位句的同意表达。

3.态度题。根据题干中关键词Sci-Hub的成功定位到第四段第二句，这表明法律生态系统在其用户中已经失去了合法性，必须进行改造，以便为所有参与者服务。可见作者对于Sci-Hub的成功采取否定态度，正确选项Cconcerned担忧，担心。relieved宽慰的，puzzled困惑的，属错误选项，encouraged鼓励的，正反混淆。

4.推断题。根据题干关键词openaccess定位到第五段，最后一句...sothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbefore...，合理收取费用是未来出版商能够获利……A选项为同义替换。B.使发表对科学家来说容易得多。C.降低出版成本。D.使大学摆脱财政负担。

5.细节题。根据题干关键词scientificpublishingmodel定位到最后一段第五句，劳动力被免费提供，以换取地位的希望，而一些经营市场的大公司则获得了巨额利润。可知少部分作者免费劳动，大部分公司盈利，A选项为同义替换。

11.单选题

MarythoughtshewouldnevermeetTomagain,butbyacurious（

）theyfinallymet.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.incidence

C.incident

D.accident

【答案】A

【解析】coincidence一致,巧合;incidence发生率;incident事件,事变;accident事故,意外。句意:玛丽以为她再也见不到汤姆了,但由于一个奇怪的巧合,他们最终见面了。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Inthe1960sand'70softhelastunlamentedcentury,therewasaNewYorktelevisionproducernamedDavidSusskind.Hewascommerciallysuccessful;hewasalso,surprisingly,amanofstrongpoliticalviewswhichheknewhowtopresentsotactfullythatnetworkswereoftenunawareofjustwhathewasgettingawaywithontheir—our—air.Politically,helikedtogetstrong-mindedgueststositwithhimataroundtableinarattybuildingatthecornerofBroadwayand42ndStreet.Soonerorlater,justabouteveryoneofinterestappearedonhisprogram.Needlesstosay,healsohadtimeforVivienLeightodiscussherrecentdivorcefromLaurenceOlivier,whichsummonedforththemysteriouscryfromtheformerScarlettO'Hara,“IamdeeplysorryforanywomanwhowasnotmarriedtoLarryOlivier.”Sincethistookinseveralbillionladies(nottomentionthosegentlemenwhomighthaveofferedtofill,asitwere,thebreach),Leighcausedaproperstir,asdidtheballerinaAliciaMarkova,whogentlyassuredusthat“aMarkovacomesonlyonceeveryhundredyearsorso.”

Isuspectitwasthedimlightingonthesetthatinvitedsuchnakedtruths.Davidwatchedhispennies.Idon'trecallhow,orwhen,webeganour“StatesoftheUnion”programs.Butwedidthemyearafteryear.Iwouldfollowwhoeverhappenedtobepresident,andI'dcorrecthis“real”StateoftheUnionwithoneofmyown,improvisingfromquestionsthatDavidwouldprepare.Iwasapoliticalpunditbecauseina1960racefortheHouseofRepresentatives(upstateNewYork),Igotmorevotesthantheheadoftheticket,JFK;in1962,IturneddowntheDemocraticnominationforU.S.Senateonthesensiblegroundthatitwasnotwinnable;Ialsohadaprettygoodmemoryinthosedays,nowa-janglewithwarningbellsasItrytorecallthenationaldebtor,morepoignantly,whereIlastsawmyglasses.

I'vejustcomeacrossmy“StateoftheUnion”asof1972.In1972,Ibegin:“Accordingtothepolls,oursecondprincipalconcerntodayisthebreakdownoflawandorder.”(What,Iwonder,wasthefirst?Let'shopeitwasthepointless,seven-year—atthatpoint—warinSoutheastAsia.)Inotedthattothosedie-hardconservatives,“lawandorder”isusuallyacodephrasemeaning“gettheblacks.”While,towhatanorexic,vacant-eyedblondewomenonTVnowdescribeasthe“liberalelite,”wewerepushingthecareful—thatis,slow—eliminationofpoverty.Butthen,Isayverymildly,wehaveonlyonepoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates,thePropertyParty,withtworightwings,RepublicanandDemocrat.SinceItendedtospeaktoconservativeaudiencesinsuchcivilizedplacesasMedford,Oregon;Parkersburg,WestVirginia;andLongview,Washington,thereare,predictably,afewgaspsatthisrejectionofsomuchreceivedopinion.Therearealsoquiteafewnodsfrominterestedcitizenswhofinditdifficultatelectiontimetotellthepartiesapart.WasitinpristineMedfordthatIactuallysawthenoddingRalphNaderwhomIwas,tohishorror,torunforpresidentthatyearinEsquire?Inspiredbythenods,Istarttogeldthelily,asthelateSamGoldwynusedtosay.TheRepublicansareoftenmoredoctrinairethantheDemocrats,whoarewillingtomakesmall—verysmall—adjustmentswherethepoorandblackareconcernedwhilegivingaidandcomforttotheanti-imperialists.

1.WemayunderstandAliciaMarkovatobe（

）.

2.Inthepassage,theauthorremindsthereaderthatthebroadcastbandsare

（

）.

3.Theauthornowfindsitdifficultto

（

）.

4.Theauthorobservesthatanti-crimeinitiativesbyAmerica'spoliticalrightofteneitherresultinorarebasedupon

（

）.

5.TheauthorwasinvitedtoparticipateinSuskind'stelevisionprogramsbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.acurrentpopularfigureintheUnitedStates

B.amuchsought-afterinterviewsubject

C.apopular,ratherthanintellectual,interviewsubject

D.aRussiandefectortotheUnitedStates

问题2选项

A.invariablyusedforthepublicgood

B.private,ratherthanpublic,property

C.public,ratherthanprivate,property

D.fairandbalanced

问题3选项

A.runforSenate

B.differentiatebetweenaRepublicanandaDemocrat

C.rememberdetailsorinformation

D.identifycode-wordsint