考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are（）.

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

问题1选项

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

问题2选项

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

问题3选项

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

问题4选项

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

问题5选项

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.”中文翻译为：而这里的唯一差异是，经济博弈会奖励赢家金钱，而进化博弈却奖励胜者生存和繁殖的机会。因此答案为C选项：一种应用在经济和进化上的方法论。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.”中文翻译为：一种游戏，即囚犯的进退两难，尤其在这两门学科上被证明能增长见闻的。知B项“被用来去发现一个更简单的方式来解释博弈论”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段“Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.”中文翻译为：因此，每个人将推断，失信是正确的选择，这导致他们中每个人被判3年监禁。因此，C选项“6年”最符合题意。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第五段“discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.”中文翻译为：通过公开锦标赛发现，似乎没有打败针锋相对的策略。故D选项“人们不愿意去合作”最符合题意。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位第五段“thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice.”中文翻译为：就是说，即使另外一个人失信了一次也合作，但是如果他失信了两次，那么就不会进行合作。可以得知D项“当第一次合作失败后，还有另外一次机会”最为符合。

2.单选题

Withthesevereshortageofenergysupply,wearefacingthe（）ofaveryhardwinter.

问题1选项

A.expectation

B.prospect

C.promise

D.damage

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expectation“预料”;prospect“前景”；promise“承诺”;damage“毁坏”。句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

问题1选项

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fuel“供以燃料，推动”。B选项frown“皱眉，不同意”。C选项fulfill“履行，完成”。D选项frost“结霜，冻坏”。句意：我们不可能在有限的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。因此C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Whenthefirealarmrang,we（

）outsidetheemergencyexit.

问题1选项

A.resembled

B.dissembled

C.assembled

D.scrambled

【答案】C

【解析】句意:当火警响起时，我们在紧急出口外集合。

考查动词辨析。Resemble看起来像,显得像,像;dissemble掩盖,掩饰(真实感情或意图);assemble聚集,集合,收集;scramble(迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,抢,抢占。故C符合句意。

5.单选题

Everytimeanoldbuildingistomdowninthiscountry,andanewbuildinggoesup,thegroundfloorbecomesabank.

Thereasonforthisisthatbanksaretheonlyoneswhocanaffordtherentforthegroundfloorofthenewbuildingsgoingup.Besides,whenbankloanssomeonemoneytobuildanewbuilding,itusuallytakesanoptionforthestreet-floorfacilities.

Mostpeopledon’tthinkthereisanythingwrongwiththisandtheyacceptitaspartoftheAmericanfree-enterprisesystem.ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl.

ThisishowHuddlestoneHubbard,theBBC’schairman,explainedit.

“Wheneveryouseeanoldbuildingtomdown，”Hubbardsaid,“youusuallyseeacandystore,adrycleaner,adelicatessen,andpossiblyafloristtomdownwithit.Theseshopsareallreplacedinthenewbuildingswithabeautifulglass,aluminum,wall-towall-carpetedmoneyfactor.”

“Nowfromanaestheticviewpoint,abanklooksbetterthanafrycleaner,acandystore,adelicatessenandaflorist.Butfromapracticalpointofview,it’sasheerdisaster.Ifyouwantanewspaper,acandybarorachocolatemilkshake,youcan’tgetitabank.NorcanyourunouttoabankforapoundofSwisscheeseandasix-packofbeerwhenhaveguestscomingover.

“Abankisgreatifyouwanttobuyacar,butit’suselessifyouwanttohaveyourdresscleaned.”

“Andwhileabankmightbuyflowerstogiveitselfahumanimage,itdoesn’tsellanywhenyouwanttomakeupwithyourwife.”

“Whatyou’resayingthen,Mr.Hubbard,isthateverytimeabankgoesup,somethinginallofusdies.”

“Exactly.Oneofthereasonskidsaregettinginsomuchtroublethesedaysisthattherearecandystorestohangaroundanymore.Whenteardownadelicatessen,thetangysmellofpotatosalad,cornedbeefanddillpicklesarelostforever.Unlessyou’retryingtomakealoan,nooneeversalivatesinabank.”

“Itistrue,”Isaid.

“Thesituationismorecrucialthananyonethinks,”Hubbardsaid,“attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry.Whatgoodisittoget7percentonyourmoneyifyoustarvetodeath?”

“Thenwhatyou’resayingisthatitisn’taquestionofnottakingitwithyou.It’squestionofstayingalivewhileyouhaveit，”Isaid.

“Somethinglikethat，”Hubbardagreed.“We’retryingtogetthepublictowakeuptoafactthatit’sbettertohaveastorethatsellsscrewdriversthanabankthatgivesawayalarmclocks.”

“What’sthesolution?”

“Agovernmentdecreethatabankhastosupplythesameservicesofthestoresittoredownonthesameproperty.Ifit’sabakery,theyhavetosellcake,ifit’saphotographyshop,theyhavetodevelopfilms,andifit’sadry-goodsstore,theyhavetosellwarmunderwear.Iftheyprovidetheservicesofthestorestheytoredown,thenwe’llletthemdoalittlemoneylendingontheside.”

1.Thecentralthemeoftheessayis（）

2.Thisessayiswritteninatoneof（）.

3.Theauthortalksaboutthe“BankBirthControl”groupbecause（）.

4.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardsmallneighborhoodstoresisthatthey（）.

5.Theauthormakeshispointbyusing（）.

问题1选项

A.Practicallyeverynewcommercialbuildingerectedtodayisownedbyabank.

B.Banksareattemptingtodrivesmallmerchantsoutofservice.

C.Newbanksarenotassetstoaneighborhoodinspiteoftheirattractiveappearance.

D.Byoccupyinggroundfloorspaceinnewbuildings,banksarereplacingneighborhoodshoppingconveniences.

问题2选项

A.humorousexaggeration

B.humorousunderstatement

C.seriousanger

D.seriousfearofthefuture

问题3选项

A.itisthenameofarealgroup

B.hehopestobecomeitspresident

C.heisbeinghumoroustomakehispoint

D.heisinfavorofallkindsofbirthcontrol

问题4选项

A.aredirty

B.areconvenientandcolorful

C.shouldbereplacedbybanks

D.shouldbecomesupermarkets

问题5选项

A.satire

B.drama

C.romance

D.poetry

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章第一段是本文的中心段落，当旧的建筑物被拆除，新的建筑物新建后，一楼都变成了银行，很多商店比如糖果店、干洗店、熟食店、花店等都被新建筑取代了。选项D符合题意。

第2题:文章主要提到了HuddlestoneHubbard的观点，多处以幽默的方式陈述自己的观点，但是并没有夸张的成分，所以选项B符合题意。

第3题:文章第三段ButthereisasmallgroupofpeopleinthiscountrywhoarefightingforBankBirthControl提到但仍有一小部分人为了控制银行的产生而奋斗。这里作者用group来形容这一群人，实际上是以一种幽默的方式来表明这一部分人的人数之少。选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章从第8段到第10段主要讲述其他商店能够给人们带来的便利而银行不可以。作者在第11段给了自己的观点:“It’strue”。说明作者认同上一段的观点，即小社区商店方便又丰富多彩。选项B符合题意。

第5题:作者采用幽默讽刺的手法表达自己的观点。比如第12段提到attheratethey’retearingdownconsumerstoresandreplacingthemwithbanks,weestimatethatintenyearsitwillbeimpossibletobuyaloafofbreadinthecountry“以他们现在拆商店然后用银行代替的速度来看，估计十年后在这个国家很难找到一片面包”。选项A符合题意。

6.填空题

Directions:Ineachofthefollowingsentences,thereisonepartthatisgrammaticallyincorrect.Markouttheerroneouspartandthenputthecorrectforminthebracketsfollowingthesentence.

36.Basingontheresearchoftheforeignlanguage,thispaperconcludesthewaystolearnEnglishwell.（）

37.Nations,sensingathreatoftheireconomies,triedtotakeactionstoprotectthemselves.（）

38.Thefundwasdesignedtoencouragingthegrowthofinternationaltradebystabilizingcurrencies.（）

39.Howmanylifeinsurancedoestheaveragepersonbuy?（）

40.SportsinAmericatakeavariousofforms:organizedcompetitivestruggles,athleticgamesandhuntingandfishing.（）

【答案】36.basing→based

37.economies→economy

38.encouraging→encourage

39.many→much

40.various→variety

【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。

37.这里的主语是nations“国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。

38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。

39.lifeinsurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用howmany修饰，应该把many改为much。

40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。

7.单选题

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefense,andofcoursemakinga（

）researchcontributioninyourarea.

问题1选项

A.heart-broken

B.record-breaking

C.back-breaking

D.ground-breaking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项heart-broken“极其伤心的”；B选项record-breaking“破纪录的”；C选项back-breaking“使人筋疲力尽的”；D选项ground-breaking“独创的；开拓性的”句意：顶尖的博士课程设置了一个令人难以置信的高标准:大量的课程学习、教学经验、资格考试、论文答辩，当然还有对你所在领域的研究做出……的贡献。学术需要的是独创性，而不是破纪录，因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Testsofreactiontimesseemedtobackupthenotionthatthetwohemispheresdifferedintheirprocessingstyles.Researchersusedtobelievethatanimagegoestoonehemispherefirst,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain.Ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage.

Stillmorestartling,researchersfoundthatthesameappearedtoholdforthebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates.Theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally.Buthandednessisnowwidelyclaimedforprimatesandevenbirds,amphibiansandwhales.Andinthepastfewyears,somepsychologistshavetestedchimpsandbaboonsandsuggestedtheirtwohemispheresalsodifferinprocessingstyle.

Nowresearchershavecometoseethedistinctionbetweenthetwohemispheresasasubtleoneofprocessingstyle,witheverymentalfacultysharedacrossthebrain,andeachsidecontributinginacomplementary,notexclusive,fashion.Asmartbrainbecameonethatsimultaneouslygraspedboththeforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

Thenextproblemwastoworkoutexactlyhowthebrainmanagestoproducethesetwocontrastingstyles.Manyresearchersoriginallylookedfortheexplanationinasimplewiringdifferencewithinthebrain.Thistheoryheldthatneuronsintheleftcortexmightmakesparse,short-rangeconnectionswiththeirneighbors,whilecellsontheothersidewouldbemorerichlyandwidelyconnectedTheresultwouldbethattherepresentationofsensationsandmemorieswouldbeconfinedlosmallish,discreteareasinthelefthemisphere,whileexactlythesameinputtoacorrespondingareaoftherightsidewouldformasprawlingevenimpressionisticpatternofactivity.

Supportersofthisideaarguedthatthesestructuraldifferenceswouldexplainwhyleftbrainlanguageareasaresogoodatpreciserepresentationofwordsandwordsequenceswhiletherightbrainseemstosupplyawidersenseofcontextandmeaning.Astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords•—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions.Askedtoexplainevenacommonproverb,suchas"astitchintimesavesnine",theycanonlysayitmusthavesomethingtodowithsewing.Anintactrightbrainisneededtomakethemoreplayfulconnections.

1.Thelocalorglobalimageismorequicklyandaccuratelyidentifiedinthebrainif（

）.

2.Handednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraits,asisshownin（

）.

3.Accordingtothetext,asmartbrainhasallthefollowingcharacteristicsEXCEPT

（

）.

4.Whatistheproblemofthepeoplewhosufferright-brainstrokes?

5.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（

）.

问题1选项

A.testsofreactiontimesbackupthenotionofthetwohemispheres

B.animagegoestoonehemisphere〜n:st,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain

C.thenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup

D.thepersoncanmatchtheimagewithanobject

问题2选项

A.thebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates

B.thefactthatthegreatbrainreorganizationallowedourancestortousetools

C.thefactthathumanbeingsalonecanusetools,speakandthinkrationally

D.thetwobrainhemispheresofchimpsandbaboons

问题3选项

A.withdifferentprocessingstyle

B.withsharedmentalfaculty

C.eachsidecontributinginacomplementary

D.graspingtheforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

问题4选项

A.Theycanhardlyunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences.

B.Theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords.

C.Theydonotunderstandthecommonproverb"astitchintimesavesnine".

D.Theycannotgraspthemeaningofjokesorallusions.

问题5选项

A.LeftBrain,RightBrain

B.TheLocalofGlobalImage

C.HumanBrainandAnimalBrain

D.TheSmartBrain

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句Ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage可知选项C符合题意。

2.文章原句Theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally提到了左撇子和大脑不对称被认为是人类独有的特性，主要是因为能够赋予我们祖先实用工具、说话甚至理性思考的能力。因此选项C符合题意。

3.文章第三段提及了一个聪明大脑应该具备的条件，根据原文可知选项B、C、D都在该段提及，选项A与原文“asasubtleoneofprocessingstyle”不一致，因而符合题意。

4.文章最后一段Astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions提到如果一个人的右脑瘫痪，他还是能够理解句子的字面意思，但是无法理解笑话和典故。选项D符合题意。

5.文章主要介绍了人脑两个半球的运行方式以及各自的作用。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Theprisonerwas（

）ofhiscivillibertyforthreeyears.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.derived

C.deprived

D.dispatched

【答案】C

【解析】

考查动词辨析。discharge卸下，放出；derivefrom源自；deprive丧失，剥夺；dispatch派遣，分派。句意：这位囚犯被剥夺了三年的个人自由。C项符合句意。答案C。

10.单选题

Ifacouplearedivorcedandtheirchildliveswithhismother,heissaidtosufferfromlaceof______love.

问题1选项

A.maternal

B.fraternal

C.paternal

D.parental

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项maternal“母亲的、母性的”；B项fraternal“兄弟般的、友好的”；C项paternal“父亲的、父亲般的”；D项parental“父母亲的”；句意：如果一对夫妇离婚了，他们的孩子和他的母亲住在一起，那么他被认为缺乏父爱。因此该题C项正确。

11.单选题

Everymonththeoldcoupleputasidealittlesumofmoneywhich（）urgentuse.

问题1选项

A.meansfor

B.meansto

C.ismeantfor

D.ismeantto

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。meanfor“对……意味着”；meanto“对……重要”；bemeantfor“为……做准备”；bemeantto“打算，意欲”。句意：这对夫妇每个月都会存一小笔钱，以备急需时用。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In（1）ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend（2）canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare（3）readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading（4）atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency（5）intheactualstuffoflanguageitself—words.Takenindividually,wordshave（6）meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.（7）,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto（8）wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover（9）youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich（10）downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas（11）reads.

Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan（12）,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate（13）thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,（14）word-by-wordreadingimpossible.Regressionandsub-vocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst（15）issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster,（16）yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound（17）readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.（18）CharlceAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute（19）theraining,nowitisanexcellent1378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan（20）alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.

问题1选项

A.applying

B.doing

C.offering

D.getting

问题2选项

A.quickly

B.easily

C.roughly

D.decidedly

问题3选项

A.good

B.curious

C.poor

D.urgent

问题4选项

A.training

B.habits

C.situations

D.custom

问题5选项

A.lies

B.combines

C.touches

D.involves

问题6选项

A.some

B.alot

C.little

D.dull

问题7选项

A.Fortunately

B.Infact

C.Logically

D.Unfortunately

问题8选项

A.reuse

B.reread

C.rewrite

D.recite

问题9选项

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.if

问题10选项

A.scales

B.cuts

C.slows

D.measures

问题11选项

A.someone

B.one

C.he

D.reader

问题12选项

A.accelerator

B.actor

C.amplifier

D.observer

问题13选项

A.then

B.as

C.beyond

D.than

问题14选项

A.enabling

B.leading

C.making

D.indicating

问题15选项

A.meaning

B.comprehension

C.gist

D.regression

问题16选项

A.but

B.nor

C.or

D.for

问题17选项

A.our

B.your

C.their

D.sucha

问题18选项

A.Lookat

B.Take

C.Make

D.Consider

问题19选项

A.for

B.in

C.after

D.before

问题20选项

A.master

B.goover

C.present

D.getthrough

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:C

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:B

第19题:D

第20题:D

【解析】1.考查动词辨析。根据原文可知，这里是说“在找工作或升职的过程中……”选项D最符合语境。apply一般和介词for连用；do表示“做”；offer表示“提供”，均不符合原文。

2.考查副词辨析。A选项quickly“快速地”；B选项easily“容易地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地”；D选项decidedly“果断地”。根据句意“阅读和理解的能力是关系到成败的关键”，选项A最符合句意。

3.考查上下文语义。A选项good“好的”；B选项curious“好奇的”；C选项poor“贫穷的，匮乏的”；D选项urgent“紧急的”。根据“Yettheunfortunatefact”以及“Mostofusdeveloppoorreading”可知，前后应该是相反的情况，也就是说大多数人都不擅长阅读。所以选项C正确。

4.考查名词辨析。A选项training“训练”；B选项habits“习惯”；C选项situations“状况”；D选项custom“习俗”。根据句意“我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不好的阅读习惯，并且从来没有改掉。”选项B符合句意。

5.考查动词辨析。A选项liein“在于”；B选项combine一般和介词with搭配；C选项touchin“增改”；D选项involvein“涉及，卷入”。根据句意“其最主要的缺点在于语言本身的实际内容——词。”选项A符合句意。

6.考查上下文语义。根据句意“单独来看，单词本身几乎没有意义，只有当串联成短语、句子和段落时才有意义。”表示几乎没有意义用“little”，所以选项C符合句意。

7.考查上下文语义。根据关键词however可知，这里是表示转折的情况。上文提及单词本身没有意义，所以这里想表达“不幸的是，未经训练的读者不会阅读句群。”选项D符合语境。

8.考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“重复使用”；B选项reread“重读”；C选项rewrite“重写”；D选项recite“背诵”。根据原文可知，未经训练的读者费劲地一次读一个单词，并且经常退回去重读单词或段落。选项B符合语境。

9.考查关系词。根据句意“倒退，也就是回头看刚读过的东西的倾向，是阅读中常见的坏习惯。”填空处缺少的词引导的是宾语从句并且在从句中做主语成分，只有选项A符合要求。

10.考查词组辨析。A选项scaledown“按比例减少”；B选项cutdown“削减”；C选项slowdown“减速”；D选项measure“测量”，一般不和介词down搭配。根据原文可知，这里是在讲述另一个降低阅读速度的坏习惯，选项C符合语境。

11.考查上下文语义。破折号后面的句子是对“vocalization”的解释，发声是指一个人在阅读的时候，口头上或心里读出每一个单词。所以这里应该用one来指代“任何一个人”，选项B正确。

12.考查名词辨析。A选项accelerator“加速器”；B选项actor“演员，行动者”；C选项amplifier“放大器，扩音器”；D选项observer“观察者”。which后面引导的非限制性定语从句是对填空处的解释说明。根据句意“将条子(或帘子)以预定的速度沿书页向下移动”，再结合上下文可知，这种设备是用来提高阅读速度的，所以选项A符合语境。

13.考查介词辨析。根据关键词“faster”可知，这里应该使用比较级；再根据句意“为了‘伸展’读者的阅读能力，书中的条子设置得比读者感到舒服的速度稍快一些。”由此可知，只有选项D符合句意。

14.考查动词辨析。A选项enable“使能够”；B选项lead“领导，导致”；C选项make“使得”；D选项indicate“表明”。根据句意“加速器迫使读者快速阅读，使逐字阅读成为不可能。”makesth.impossible“使...成为不可能”，选项C正确。

15.考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义”；B选项comprehension“理解”；C选项gist“主旨，要点”；D选项regression“倒退，复原”。根据原文可知，阅读速度提高了，相对应牺牲的是对文章的理解，所以选项B符合语境。

16.考查固定句型搭配。notonly…but(also)…为固定句型，意为“不仅…而且…”，这里是说“当你学会阅读思想和概念时，你不仅会读得更快，而且你的理解力也会提高。”所以选项A正确。

17.考查代词辨析。句子的主语是“Manypeople”，所以这里应使用代词their，所以选项C正确。

18.考查介词辨析。根据关键词“forinstance”可知，这里是以CharlceAu为例，对作者提出的观点进行论证。以…为例用介词“take”，所以选项B正确。

19.考查介词辨析。根据下文的内容可知，这里表达的是“在训练之前，CharlceAu的阅读速度是1分钟172字”，所以选项D正确。

20.考查动词辨析。A选项master“精通，掌握”；B选项goover“复习，重温”；C选项present“赠送，展现”；D选项getthrough“完成，到达”。根据句意“他很高兴他能在短时间内读完更多的阅读材料。”选项D符合语境。

13.单选题

Apersonwhois_______typicallyhasanxiousthoughtsanddifficultyconcentrationorremembering.

问题1选项

A.stressed

B.exploited

C.prevented

D.conquered

【答案】A

【解析】stressed紧张的,有压力的;exploited利用,剥削;prevented阻止,避免;conquered战胜,征服。句意：压力大的人通常有焦虑的想法,难以集中注意力或记忆。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Providingfirst-classserviceisoneofthetacticstheairlineadoptstoattractpassengers.

问题1选项

A.methods

B.attitudes

C.thoughts

D.solutions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。tactic“策略，手段”；A选项method“方法；手段”；B选项attitude“态度；意见”；C选项thought“思想；想法；关心”；D选项solution“解决方案；溶液；溶解”。句意：提供一流的服务是航空公司吸引乘客的策略之一。根据句中“toattractpassengers为吸引乘客”可知tactic在这里的意思为“手段”，因此A选项正确。

15.单选题

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(对流层的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow（）.

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon（）.

问题1选项

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobale