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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古机电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itisimperativethatthegovernment()moreinvestmentintotheshipbuildingindustry.

问题1选项

A.attracts

B.shallattract

C.attract

D.hasto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府有必要吸引更多投资到造船业。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。Itisimperative(essential/necessary/desirable/important/vital..等)+that引导的主语从句中谓语动词应该用虚拟语气:动词原形或should+动词原形。故选C。

2.单选题

Amongpicturebooksfor4-8yearsold,severaloutstandingworksappearedthatcombinedoriginalstorieswith()illustrations.

问题1选项

A.imaginable

B.imaginative

C.imaging

D.imageless

【答案】B

【解析】imaginable可能的,可想象的;imaginative想象的,虚构的;imaging成像;imageless无意象的。句意为“把故事原形与充分的想象相结合”。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

“Undernocircumstances()thesenate’sraisingthedebtceilingwithjust50votes.”Thesenatorsaid,insistingmeaningfulspendingreformsbeforeraisingthedebtceiling.

问题1选项

A.willIagreeto

B.Iwillagreeto

C.agreetoIwill

D.I,willagreeto

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句的用法。分析句子结构可知,题目中包含倒装结构,Undernocircumstances置于句首,句子出现部分倒装,这时will应提前到主语之前。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

4.单选题

Thegovernmentgaveavery(

)explanationofitsplanforeconomicdevelopment.

问题1选项

A.comprehensive

B.compound

C.considerable

D.complacent

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析题。comprehensive综合的,全面的;compound混合的;considerable重要的,相当大的;complacent满足的。句意:政府对其经济发展计划作了非常全面的解释。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Youwillseethisproduct______whereveryougo.

问题1选项

A.advertise

B.advertising

C.tobeadvertised

D.advertised

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论你到哪里,都能看到这个产品的广告。当不定式用于表示感觉的动词feel,hear,notice,observe,see,watch,lookat,listento等作宾语补足语时,不定式必须省略to。根据谓语动词是see,横线部分是宾语product的宾补,确定省略to;根据产品和打广告是被动关系,确定用被动语态,D选项advertised符合题意。A选项advertise是动词原形;B选项advertising是现在分词形式;C选项tobeadvertised未省略to。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

There’s______whenweshallmeetagain.

问题1选项

A.notknow

B.noknowing

C.nottoknow

D.neverknowing

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句型。句意:我们什么时候再见面还不知道。考查therebe句型,横线处应该填名词,knowing是动名词,B选项noknowing正确,A选项notknow和C选项nottoknow错误。结合语境,这里没有永远都不知道的意思,D选项neverknowing错误。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered()ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

问题1选项

A.indistinctly

B.irrelevantly

C.independently

D.separately

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。indistinctly“朦胧地,不明了地”,不跟of连用;irrelevantly“不相干地(与介词to连用),不切题地”;independently“独立地,自立地”,可与介词of连用;separately“分别地,分离地(与介词from连用),个别地”。根据关键词“inseparableinfact”(实际上不可分割)知空格处应该填写“分开的或独立的”。因此选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto______.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.reject

C.retreat

D.replace

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.resign辞职,辞去(某职务)B.reject拒绝接受;不予考虑

C.retreat退却;撤退D.replace代替,取代

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息informedhisboss(通知了他的老板)可推知,空格处表示“辞职”符合句意,该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】10天前,这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。

9.单选题

Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedorfallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagainbythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepre-industrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery’’theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis(

).

2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat

).

3.Fromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose

).

4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould

).

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasoneof(

).

问题1选项

A.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

B.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

C.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

D.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

问题2选项

A.theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs

B.theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife

C.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

D.theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence

问题3选项

A.whoareatthebottomofthesociety

B.whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus

C.whoprovebetterthantheirfellowcompetitors

D.whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

A.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

B.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

C.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

D.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

A.approval

B.dissatisfaction

C.suspicion

D.tolerance

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless(然而,所有这些润滑剂并不能改变人已经变得毫无力量的事实)可知C选项“与社会其他部分相比不重要的一部分,尽管运行平稳”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.(他们生老病死,从来没有面对过人类作为情感上和智力上独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实)可知D选项“他们被剥夺了个性和独立性”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress(不断地需要证明自己和竞争对手一样好,或者比竞争对手强,这就产生了持续的焦虑和压力)可知D选项“能远离这个竞争激烈的世界的人”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofallloveandofreason—aretheaimsofsocialarrangements(变成一种以人为本的工业主义,在这种工业中,在这里人及其潜能——爱和理性——的充分开发是所有社会安排的目的)可知C选项“使人能充分发挥自己的潜力”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。由文章第一段的内容可知作者将社会比作一个机械,人只是这个机械中的一个小齿轮,并对其进行了讽刺和批评,因此B选项“不满”符合题意。

10.翻译题

TheopeningofDisneylandwillbringmanyassociatedinvestmentopportunities.Atleastfoureconomicsectorswillbenefitdirectly.First,propertymarkets.HousingandcommercialrealestatepricesaroundtheDisneylandareaarealreadyrising.Second,thetourismsector.Aftertheopening,analystsexpect3to5millionmoretouristswillvisitShanghaieveryyear,bringmorebusinesstohotels,travelagenciesandretails.Third,brandmarketingwillgiveaboosttotoymanufactures,publishersandthegamingindustry.Fourth,constructioncompaniesandmaterialsupplierswillenjoyahugeincrease,comparabletothe2010ShanghaiworldExpo.Disneyland’sfirstphaseofconstructionisexpectedtocost24billionyuan.

【答案】迪士尼在上海开园会带来许多相关的投资机会。至少有四个经济领域将直接受益。首先是房地产市场。迪士尼乐园周围的地产商业价格已经上涨。其次是旅游业。开园后,分析师预测每年有300万到500万甚至更多的游客将访问上海,这给酒店、旅行社和零售商带来更多的生意。再次,品牌营销将促进玩具制造业、出版业和游戏行业的发展。不仅如此,施工企业和材料供应商的业务量将大幅度增长,堪比2010年上海世博会。迪士尼乐园的第一期工程预计将耗资240亿人民币。

11.单选题

ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek“can-dos”ratherthan“might-dos”,andwhofeelthatacademiahasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers’possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladders.TheInstituteofManagement’s1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceived-moretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter,adegreeofself-subjugation;and,aboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflections,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenowlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.Noonedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceandindustry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

16.Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?

17.Accordingtothepassage,employers____.

18.Accordingtothepassage____.

19.Inthewriter’sopinion____.

20.Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.

问题2选项

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

问题3选项

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters

问题4选项

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

问题5选项

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】16.【选项释义】

Whatisthewriter’sviewinthereadingpassage?本文中作者的观点是什么?

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs.A.他认为,MBA学生太多了。

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued.B.他认为这个学位被高估了。

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent.C.他认为标准是不一致的。

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue.D.他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】本题询问的是作者的观点。原文第3段第2句提到“对于该程度应包含什么内容,各方意见不一(nounanimity);也没有公认的认证体系(noagreedsystem)”,由此可知,C选项“他认为标准不一致”表述正确,是作者的观点。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他认为,MBA学生太多了”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“他认为这个学位被高估了”,可定位到原文的1段最后一句,该句说到“如今,人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑,尤其是在MBA毕业生中(notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves)。”由此可得,这是别人的观点,而非作者的观点,该选项属于张冠李戴;

D选项“他认为这个学位的价值值得怀疑”,同B选项,对该学位价值的怀疑是别人的观点,而非作者的观点,该选项属于张冠李戴。

17.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,employers____.根据文章,雇主____。

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneedsA.觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualificationB.认为成本意识是最重要的资格

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselvesC.比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructuresD.认为由于管理结构的萎缩,MBA学生将不再是必要的

【考查点】判断推理题。

【解题思路】本题要求选出雇主的观点。D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩,MBA学生将不再是必要的”,可定位到原文第1段最后一句,该句提到“面临管理结构萎缩的前景,MBA毕业生们对该学位的价值产生了怀疑”,由此可知,管理结构萎缩,让MBA学位的价值缩水。另外,原文第5段第2句提到,“申请商学院的人会下降(fallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces),也会对MBA产生怀疑(thedoubtaboutMBAs)”,由此推断,雇主们不认为一定要招MBA的学生,D选项“认为由于管理结构的萎缩,MBA学生将不再是必要的”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“觉得他们的需求没有得到充分的咨询”,可定位到第2段最后一句,该句提到“学术界没有充分认识到企业的需要或雇主可能做出的贡献”,原文并未提到“咨询”雇主需求的问题,该选项属于无中生有;

B选项“认为成本意识是最重要的资格”,可定位到原文第4段最后一句,该句提到“最重要的是(aboveall),沟通和领导能力(theabilitytocommunicateandlead)”,由此可知,成本意识不是最重要的资格,该选项表述错误;

C选项“比毕业生本身更关心学位的价值”,可定位到原文的1段最后一句,该句说到“如今,人们对这个学位的价值产生了很多怀疑,尤其是在MBA毕业生中(notleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves)。”由此可知,毕业生最关心学位的价值,该选项表述错误。

18.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage____.根据文章____。

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicateA.管理者需要学位和沟通能力

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessfulB.训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskillsC.今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowritelettersD.工业管理者不需要写信

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】原文第4段最后两句,此处提到,“培训本身并不能造就成功的管理者(successfulmanagers)。他们需要内在的资质(theinherentqualifications)”,“最重要的是(aboveall),沟通和领导能力(theabilitytocommunicateandlead)”,由此可得,C选项“今天的管理者必须有良好的沟通和领导能力”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“管理者需要学位和沟通能力”,原文是指沟通能力和领导能力,学位不那么重要;

B选项“训练需要在小组中进行才能取得成功”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“工业管理者不需要写信”,根据关键词“letters”可定位到第5段第1句,该句提到“一些相对不太识字(unlettered)的人,现在被誉为行业领袖”,原文指的是“不识字”,而不是写信,该选项属于偷换概念。

19.【选项释义】

Inthewriter’sopinion____.作者认为____。

A.scienceincreasescompetitionA.科学增加了竞争

B.scientistsareundervaluedB.科学家被低估了

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessmentC.科学的管理需要重新评估

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatusD.管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】A选项“科学增加了竞争”,可定位到本文第6段。本段第3句提到“没有人怀疑,我们需要更多的科学家和创新(morescientistsandinnovation),让我们在竞争日益激烈的(increasinglycompetitive)世界中占据优势(giveusanedge)。”由此可知,作者认为

科学有利于在竞争中占据优势,A选项表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“科学家被低估了”,可定位到原文第6段。本段第4句提到“如果科学家们觉得自己被低估(Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervalued)……”,由此可知,这只是作者的假设,并不是作者的观点,该选项属于过度推理;

C选项“科学的管理需要重新评估”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有;

D选项“管理层对自己的地位沾沾自喜”,可定位到原文第6段。本段倒数第2句提到“最重要的是,我们必须确保管理层本身不会对自己的地位沾沾自喜(managementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatus)”,因此,选项表述并非作者观点。

20.【选项释义】

Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?根据文章,哪些信息是正确的?

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining.A.大多数接受采访的管理人员认为,他们的同事需要更多的培训。

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability.B.现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力。

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs.C.管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试。

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff.D.企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多。

【考查点】判断推理题。

【解题思路】原文第2段提到“几年前被视为成功入场券的东西,如今正受到注重成本的雇主的审视,这些雇主寻求的是‘能做的’而不是‘可能做的’(seek‘can-dos’ratherthan‘might-dos’)”,由此推断,雇主们更看重有经验的人(can-dos),而不是有潜力的人(might-dos),B选项“现在的雇主更看重的是经验而不是潜在的能力”表述正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“大多数接受采访的管理人员认为,他们的同事需要更多的培训”,可定位到原文第4段第2句,该句提到“管理学院1992年的调查显示,81%的管理人员认为,如果他们接受更多的培训(iftheyreceived-moretraining),他们个人就会更有效率(theypersonallywouldbemoreeffective)。”由此可知,接受采访的人认为自己需要培训,而没有说他们的同事,该选项表述错误,属于曲解原文;

C选项“管理宪章倡议是对MBA课程标准化的一次尝试”,可定位到原文第5段最后一句,该句提到“如果正在探索引进高级管理人员资格(theintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification)的管理宪章计划(theManagementCharterInitiative)获得成功。”由此可知,该计划的目的是“探索引进高级管理人员资格”,而不是“MBA课程标准化”,该选项表述错误,属于张冠李戴;

D选项“企业本可以从招聘MBA学生而不是投资于自己的员工中获益更多”,可定位到原文第4段第1句,该句提到“或许,进行大规模投资的公司更明智的做法(wouldhavebeenwiser)是投资于已经存在的、焦虑地坐在自己内部阶梯上的管理人员(investinalreadyexistingmanagers)。”由此可知,企业投资自己的员工更明智,即获益更多,该选项表述错误,属于本末倒置。

12.单选题

TheaudiencecheeredasNumberthreehadrowedhimselfoutandwasslumpedoverhisoaratthe().

问题1选项

A.deadline

B.finishedline

C.finishingline

D.finishline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。deadline“截止线,界线”;finishline“终点线”,finishedline“竣工线”;没有搭配deadline和finishingline,选项A和C可排除。句意:当三号选手筋疲力尽地划到终点,伏倒他的桨上,观众们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

13.单选题

Oneoftheconsequencesofadvancedcognitiveabilityhasbeentheemergenceofculturallife.

问题1选项

A.commendable

B.compiling

C.perceptive

D.pertinent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。cognitive“认知的;认识的”;A选项commendable“值得赞美的;很好的;可推荐的”;B选项compiling“编译;编制;编辑的”;C选项perceptive“感知的,知觉的”;D选项pertinent“相关的;中肯的;切题的”。句意:高级认知能力的结果之一是文化生活的出现。cognitive为cognition的名词形式,cognition有“认识”的意思,可推知cognitive为“认知的”的意思,因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830'sthroughtheearly1890's.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepackinghouses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880's,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880'swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepackinghouseworkers'effectswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepackinghousesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepackinghousesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatadatefromthe1880'satthelatest,andtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeisinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880's,andcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880's,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880'son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.

Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory'sfaultygeneralizations.Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,fesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers-thegiantyardsandtheintricateplantsthanoftheunityandvibrancyoftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunit3ronChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing(

).

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT(

).

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe"socialmovement"(underlined,generatedbyChicago'sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto(

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880'swereinfluencedby(

).

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto(

6.Thetoneoftheauthorofthepassageindiscussingthemeat-packercommunityonChicago'sSouthSidecanbestbedescribedasoneof(

).

7.Theinformationinthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorofthehistorydiscussedinthepassagemadewhichofthefollowingerrors?

问题1选项

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers'roleinthenationallabormovement

问题2选项

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

C.socialworkers

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

问题3选项

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.suggestthehistory'slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

问题4选项

A.theworkers'determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepackinghouses

C.theworkers’sabilitytoperformtheindustry'scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880’s

问题5选项

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistor3tdiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderlinethepremisesofthehistorydiscussioninthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

问题6选项

A.appreciationofthecommunity'sabilitytocopewithdifficultconditions

B.admirationforthecommunity'srefusaltocooperatewithlaboragitators

C.indignationatthekindsofsocialconditionsthecommunityfaced

D.annoyanceatthecommunity’sinabilitytoabolishdiscriminationinthemeat-packingindustry

问题7选项

A.FailingtorecognizetheeffectofthediversityoftheSouthSidecommunityonthemeat-packers'effortstoreformtheindustry

B.Attributinggoodworkingconditionsinthemeat-packingindustrytotheeffortsoflaboragitators

C.Overemphasizingtheimportanceoftheavailabilityofunskilledlaborasaninfluenceonconditionsinthemeatpackingindustry

D.Interpretingthemeat-packers*feelingsfortheircommunityasappreciationoftheirindustry

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据文章第一段ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830’sthroughtheearly189O’s...Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880’swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepackinghouseworkers’effectswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.芝加哥肉类加工业近代史》考察了该工业从1830年出现到19世纪90年代初的发展过程。这项研究忽略了这样一个事实:19世纪80年代是美国劳工历史上的关键时期,而包装工人的影响是美国劳工改革运动的一部分。和文章最后一段Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.作者对肉类包装工对他们的工业社区的感情的起源的误解可能是历史错误概括的原因。确定A选项‘历史学家应该如何解释芝加哥肉类加工业的起源‘正确。

2.文章第二段,提到了芝加哥大学、社会工作者以及19世纪后期的历史资料。并没有将‘包装业的历史‘作为消极条件提起。所以B选项符合题意。

3.根据文章最后一段,Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations…Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.作者对肉类包装工对他们的工业社区的感情的起源的误读可能解释了历史上错误的概括……事实上,这个社区的力量成功地发起了一场社会运动,有效地解决了这个赖以为生的工业的问题。由此推断作者提到socialmovement是为了说明肉类加工业的积极因素,C选项正确。

4.根据文章第三段最后一句:Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.由于熟练工人在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装过程中的战略重要性,前者的条件可以说是可以忍受的(尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件),而后者的工资和条件却

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