考研考博-英语-佛山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-佛山职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

China'sprolongedsilenceaboutitsdestructionoftheFengYun1-Csatellite,whichitlaunchedin1999,hasbeenalmostasunnervingtoitspotentialenemies(American,JapanandTaiwanespecially)astheexperimentitself.Itwasonlythisweek12daysaftertheeventthatChinagrudginglyadmittedthatithadtestedsomethinginspace.ThishasledtospeculationthatChinawillnotdescribeopenlywhatactuallyhappened.Aforeign-ministryspokesmaninsistedthatChinawouldnotengageinanarmsraceinspace.YetitishardtoseethetestotherthanasadisplayofChina’sabilitytochallengeAmericanspacepower.IthastriggeredachorusofcomplaintfromWesternpowers,aswellasfromneighboringJapanandTaiwan.ChinasaysitdidbriefAmericanandJapaneseofficials,amongothers,onwhathappenedbutnot,itappears,untiljustbeforeitconfirmedthetesttothepress.

ChinawilldoubtlessinsistthattheAmericanscanhardlycomplain,AmericanandtheformerSovietUniontestedanti-satelliteweapons,albeitmorethan20yearsago.GeorgeBushhasrefusedtotalktoChinaaboutaproposalitraisedin2002,withRussia'sbacking,foratreatyoutlawingthe"weaponisation"ofspace.Mr.BushauthorizedanewnationalspacepolicyinAugustlastyearsthatirkedtheChinese.ItdefendedAmerican'srighttousespacefordefenseandintelligencegatheringpurposesaswellastostop"adversaries"fromusingspaceinwaysthatthreatenAmerican"nationalinterests".

【答案】摧毁这枚自己在1999年发射的风云1-C卫星后，中国一直都不动声色。这几乎与试验本身一样，让中国潜在的敌人（美国、日本、尤其是台湾）感到惴惴不安。直到本周，也就是摧毁卫星12天后，中国才勉强承认在太空中进行过某个试验。这不免让人怀疑，中国不会公开描述实际发生了什么。中国外交部发言人坚称，中国不会参与太空军备竞赛。然而，除了将此次测试视为中国能力的展示之外，很难看到其他任何迹象。这引发了西方列强以及邻国日本和台湾的一致抱怨。中国说，它确实向美国和日本官员以及其他国家的官员简要介绍了发生的情况，但似乎是在向媒体证实朝鲜试射导弹之前才这样做的。

毫无疑问，中国会认为美国人没什么可抱怨的。美国和前苏联就曾试验过反卫星武器，尽管这还是20多年前的事了。乔治•布什还拒绝就中国在2002年提出并得到俄罗斯持的一项关于签署“太空禁武”条约的建议与中国进行对话。去年8月布什批准出台的国家太空新政策也惹恼了中国人。该政策维护了美国将太空用于各种目的的权利，其中包括防卫、收集情报以及阻止“对手”采取危及美国“国家利益”的方式利用太空。

2.翻译题

当前我国经济发展的势头良好，经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。但是，我们应该淸醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰，会永远保持高速度，中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题，比如，国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。

【答案】Oureconomyisdoingreallywell;wehavebasicallystruckabalancebetweenspeed,qualityandeconomicbenefitintermsofeconomicgrowth.Butweshouldbesoberlyawarethatthereisnocountryintheworldthatcanperpetuateaneconomicboomandhigh-speedgrowth,soChinawillnotbeanexception.TheachievementsofChina’sreformandopening-uphavebeenthereforalltosee,butastheeconomicclimatechanges,somenewcontradictionsandproblemsemergesagain,suchasthereformofthestate-ownedenterprises,highunemploymentrate,financialrisk,ecologicalandenvironmentaldamage,etc.Alloftheseproblemsrequireustopayhighattentiontoandfindeffectivesolutionsassoonaspossible.

3.单选题

TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.

问题1选项

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

问题2选项

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk

C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon

D.howtea-timewasborn

问题3选项

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

问题4选项

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential

问题5选项

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland（在商店里买不到茶，有的人让人从荷兰寄来茶），可知B选项“茶叶是从荷兰传入英国的”正确。根据第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.（在17世纪早期东印度公司的船只开始直接从中国运茶之前，茶叶在英国一直稀缺且非常昂贵。），可知A选项“英国人从印度买到昂贵的茶叶”错误；在这之前英国人从荷兰卖茶，故D选项“直到17世纪，英国人才开始喝茶”错误。C选项“英国人是最先在欧洲喝茶的人”：文章没有提到在欧洲没有提到哪个国家最先喝茶，故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。根据整篇文章从英国从古至今在各个时期不同茶的来源方式、饮茶方式和习惯等，可知这篇文章在讲英国饮茶的历史，故A选项“英国饮茶的历史”正确。B选项“茶如何和牛奶一起成为一种受欢迎的饮料”，C选项“公爵夫人是如何养成下午喝茶的习惯的”和D选项“下午茶是如何诞生的”是其中一部分内容，故错误。因此A选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段intheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.（17世纪早期，在接下来的几年里，大量茶叶流入这个国家，导致价格下降，许多人买得起。），可知在17世纪早期，茶在英国受欢迎，故C选项“17世纪”正确。A选项“18世纪”，B选项“16世纪”和D选项“17世纪后期”错误。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第三段第二、四、五句Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded…Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid…SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland.（在那之前，人们喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞维尼夫人的法国著名女士决定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为她们必须模仿她所做的一切……慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国），可知是因为塞维尼夫人的影响人们开始喝茶加奶，故D选项“塞维尼夫人很有影响力”正确。A选项“它尝起来像牛奶”和B选项“它尝起来更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是欧洲人持续这样喝的原因，故错误。C选项“它成为了一种受欢迎的饮料”：这是欧洲人喝茶加奶的结果，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第三段第五句SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.（慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国，直到今天，只有很少的英国人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英国喝茶主要受法国影响，法国主要受塞维尼夫人影响，故A选项“著名的法国女士”正确。B选项“古代中国”：文中只说欧洲对茶的了解慢于中国，没有提到古代中国和英国人喝茶的因果关系。C选项“上层阶级”：没有提到塞维尼夫人是什么阶层，其他地方也没有强调上层阶级。D选项“荷兰人”：最初英国从荷兰买茶，跟喝茶习惯没有直接因果关系。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Barrymore（）,buteachisrememberednotforhiswomenbutforhistalent.

问题1选项

A.hadmanywives.Garrickone

B.hadmanywives.Garrickhavingone

C.havingmanywives,Garrickjustone

D.hadmanywives.Garrickhadonlyonewife

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。分析题干可知前面为两个独立的分句，因此D项正确。句意：白瑞摩有许多妻子。加里克只有一个妻子，但每个人都不是因为他的女人而被铭记，而是因为他的才华。

5.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Atastreetcorner.

B.Inalocalshop.

C.Inaward.

D.Inaclinic.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Whatareyoucomingfortoday,Mrs.Anderson?

W:I’vebeenhavingsomepainsinmyjoints,especiallytheknees!

Q:Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。女士说：I’vebeenhavingsomepainsinmyjoints,especiallytheknees（我关节痛，特别是膝盖）。由此推断此对话发生在就诊场景，D项（门诊）最合适。

6.单选题

Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotmeanapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeonthesidewalkwhileperchedontopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina（视网膜）.Andinwater,humansarefarsighted,whilethe

kingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinboththeairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae（凹窝）areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofconesthatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveapermitsthebird,whileintheair,toscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbotheyes,likebinoculars,onitspreyatthesametime.Afrog’svisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas“bugdetectors”,ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog’seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn’tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa“compound”eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facetsthatdividewhatitseesintoapatternofdotsormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasasingledot,aconstantpointofreference.Thus,theeyeisasuperbnavigationalinstrumentthatconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineofflightinrelationtothesun.Abee’seyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20“perfectvision”palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan’t—ultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe“perfectvision”isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasuresofcolorvision.

1.TheSnelleneyechartmeasuresone’seyesightby（）.

2.Howishawk’seyesightbetterthanours?

3.Monocularvisionenablesthekingfisherto（）.

4.Abeefindsitsdirectionby（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.TheSnelleneyechartmeasuresone’seyesightbythenumberoflineshereads

B.thedistancehestandsawayfromthechart

C.thespeedatwhichherecognizestheletters

D.severalintegrativefactors

问题2选项

A.Itcanidentifysmallitemsmorequicklythanwedo.

B.Itcanseeatalongerdistancethanwedo.

C.Ithasmoreconesintheretinathanwedo.

D.Ithasbiggereyesthanwedo.

问题3选项

A.avoidfarsightedness

B.beabletoseeunderwater

C.moveoneeyeatatime

D.focusitseyesontheprey

问题4选项

A.dividingwhatitseesintothousandsofdots

B.constantlygaugingitsflyingspeed

C.usingthesunasaconstantpointofreference

D.measuringtheangleofthesun

问题5选项

A.Thedifferencesbetweenhumaneyesandotherspecies’eyes.

B.Theadvantagesofotherspecies’eyesincomparisonwithhumaneyes.

C.Thefactorsthatmakeotherspecies’eyesbetterthanhumaneyes.

D.Thestandardthatdeterminesthe“perfectvision”ofhumaneyes.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据题干关键词“Snelleneyechart”定位至第一段：Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway（可知，判断人的视力是否完好的标准是在看斯内伦视力表的时候是否能毫无障碍地达到20/20的视力。测试值取决于从20英尺之外，你能看到多少行大小不一的字母）。据此可知，A项为正确答案。

2.根据题干关键词“hawk’seyesight”定位至第一段：Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeonthesidewalkwhileperchedontopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina（视网膜）（鹰的视力非常敏锐，当它在帝国大厦的顶层时，它能看清在人行道上的一角硬币）。据此可知，鹰眼可以从更远的距离看清物体，B项为正确答案。

3.根据题干关键词“Monocularvision”定位至第一段：Onefoveapermitsthebird,whileintheair,toscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.（一个中央窝让飞翔在空中的翠鸟每次用一只眼睛扫视水下面的情况，这被称为单眼视觉。）因此，C项为正确答案。

4.题干问的是“蜜蜂是怎么找到方向的”，定位至第二段：Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasasingledot,aconstantpointofreference.Thus,theeyeisasuperbnavigationalinstrumentthatconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineofflightinrelationtothesun（有了这种视觉，蜜蜂只把太阳看作一个单点，一个不变的参照点。因此，眼睛是一种极好的导航仪器，它不断地测量飞行路线相对于太阳的角度）。因此，蜜蜂是以太阳为常参考点的，C项为正确答案。

5.综观全文可知，文中先是描述人类测试视力的方法，而后指出人类的视力不如其他物种并举例加以说明。后面又指出人类视力在某一方面优于其他物种。因此，本文主要通过举例说明人类的眼睛和其他物种眼睛的不同之处，A项为正确答案。

7.单选题

Aknockatthedooragain!Itwasthethirdtimesomeone（

）methatevening.

问题1选项

A.hasinterrupted

B.hadinterrupted

C.tohaveinterrupted

D.wouldhaveinterrupted

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。由was和thatevening可知事情发生在过去。在某个时刻为止已经在发生的事情，故用过去完成时。句意：又有人在敲门，那晚已经是第三次有人打扰我了。故B项正确。

8.单选题

Chinesejournalfinds31%ofsubmissionsplagiarized

SinceOctober2008,wehavedetectedunoriginalmaterialinastaggering31%ofpaperssubmittedtotheJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science(692of2,233submissions).Thepublication,designatedasakeyacademicjournalbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina,wasthefirstinChinatosignupforCrossRef’splagiarism-screeningserviceCrossCheck(Nature466,167;2010).

Wearethereforecampaigningforauthors,researchersandeditorstobeonthealertforplagiarismandtoworkagainstculturalmisunderstandings.InancientChina,forexample,studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

Tothisend,wehavegivenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers(includingY,H.ZhangLearn.Publ.23,9-14;2010)thathavebeenwidelypublicizedinChina’smedia(see/dPey7X;inChinese)andreportedinCrossRef’squarterlyonlinenewsmagazine(see/icUwvh).OurwebsitedisplaystheCrossChecklogotoremindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities.

OtherChinesejournalsarealsopolicingplagiarism,usingsoftwarelaunchedin2008byChina’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseandTongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyinBeijing.

YuehongZhangJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science,38ZhedaRoad,Hangzhou310027,Chinae-mail:jzus@32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.

问题1选项

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.

C.UseofCrossCheck.

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.

问题2选项

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.

问题3选项

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsite

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsite

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapers

问题4选项

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouse

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnology

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

D.CrossRef

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】32.【选项释义】

32.WhatisthemainpurposeofthiscorrespondencefromZhang?32.这封来自张的信的主要目的是什么？

A.SurprisinglyhighrateofplagiarisminChinesesubmissions.A.中国投稿的剽窃率高得惊人。

B.EffortsofZhangandherjournalinfightingagainstplagiarism.B.张和她的期刊在打击剽窃方面所做的努力。

C.UseofCrossCheck.C.使用CrossCheck。

D.UseofsoftwaredevelopedbytwoChinesecompanies.D.使用两家中国公司开发的软件。

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】第一段就引入了话题，即论文剽窃率高达31%，第二段和第三段是作者对于打击剽窃方面同她所在期刊所做的一些努力，如第二段第一句“因此，我们呼吁作者、研究人员和编辑提高对剽窃的警惕，并努力消除文化误解”和第三段第一句“为此，我们进行了讲座，并撰写了三篇论文，这些论文在中国媒体上得到了广泛的宣传”，最后一段叙述其他中国期刊的努力；综合理解，我们可知这篇文章的目的是为了阐述作者和她的期刊所做的努力，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项都只是其中的一小部分，属于以偏概全。

33.【选项释义】

33.WhichofthefollowingstrategyisnotutilizedbyJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science?

33.《浙江大学学报—自然科学版》没有采用以下哪一种策略？

A.SigninguptheserviceofCrossCheckinscreeningplagiarism.A.签署CrossCheck服务，甄别剽窃。

B.Alertingauthorsagainstculturalmisunderstanding.B.提醒作者注意文化误解。

C.Givinglecturesandwritingpapers.C.讲课和写论文。

D.Encouragingstudentstocopythewordsoftheirmasters.D.鼓励学生模仿老师的话。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位文章第二段“因此，我们呼吁作者、研究人员和编辑提高对剽窃的警惕，并努力消除文化误解。例如，在古代中国，学生通常被鼓励抄袭老师的话。（studentsweretypicallyencouragedtocopythewordsoftheirmasters）”，可知，《浙江大学学报—自然科学版》并不鼓励学生抄袭老师的话，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项定位第一段最后一句“该出版物是国家自然科学基金重点学术期刊，也是国内第一个注册CrossRef的剽窃筛选服务”，可知该项符合原文；

B选项定位第二段第一句可知，该项正确；

C选项定位第三段第一句“为此，我们进行了讲座，并撰写了三篇论文（givenlecturesandwrittenthreepapers），这些论文在中国媒体上得到了广泛的宣传”，可知，该项也正确。

34.【选项释义】

34.AuthorsofJournalofZhejiangUniversity-Sciencecangettobewareoftheirresponsibilitiesthrough______.34.《浙江大学学报—自然科学版》的作者可以通过______意识自己的责任。

A.theCrossChecklogoonthejournal’swebsiteA.该杂志网站上的CrossCheck标志

B.theuseofChinesesoftwarelaunchedin2008B.2008年开始使用中国软件

C.watchingthepedagogicvideoonthejournal’swebsiteC.在杂志网站上观看教学视频

D.nothingelseexceptforlecturesandpapersD.讲座和论文

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“我们的网站显示了CrossCheck标志，以提醒作者他们的责任（remindauthorsoftheirresponsibilities）”，可知CrossCheck标志会提醒作者他们的责任，A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项与题干无关，属于出处错位；

C选项没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项中lectures和papers的目的是为了呼吁作者提高对剽窃的警惕并努力消除文化误解，并不是提醒他们自己的责任，该项属于出处错位。

35.【选项释义】

35.Itcanbefoundthatlocalsoftwarewaslaunchedin2008byChinesecompanies,butCrossCheckwasdevelopedby______.35.可以发现，2008年中国企业推出了本地软件，而CrossCheck是由______开发的。

A.China’sAcademicJournalsElectronicPublishingHouseA.中国学术期刊电子出版社

B.TongfangKnowledgeNetworkTechnologyB.同方知识网络技术

C.JournalofZhejiangUniversity-Science

C.浙江大学学报—自然科学版

D.CrossRefD.CrossRef

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位第一段最后一句“该出版物是国家自然科学基金重点学术期刊，也是国内第一个注册CrossRef的剽窃筛选CrossCheck服务的刊物”，可知D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、B选项定位最后一段“其他中国期刊也在使用2008年由中国学术期刊电子出版社和北京同方知识网络技术公司推出的软件来监管剽窃行为”可知，中国学术期刊电子出版社和北京同方知识网络技术公司推出的是本地软件，题干问的是CrossCheck，属于出处错位；

C选项只是与CrossCheck签约，并不代表是它开发的，属于曲解原文。

9.单选题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,whichincludesthewhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorU.S.nativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresenttonatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheU.S.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacing.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAU.S.$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueofJohnWaihee?

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingExcept（）.

问题1选项

A.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

问题2选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

问题3选项

A.HeisHawaiifirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

问题4选项

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

问题5选项

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词Hawaii’snativeminority可以定位到文章第二段第一句“TheislandswereannexedbytheU.S.,in1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文翻译为：这个群岛于1898年被美国吞并，从那时起，夏威夷土著居民的遭遇比其他种族群体的遭遇更为悲惨。可以判断只有A项“夏威夷的种族群体”正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.”，中文大意为：自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他种族的境况更糟糕。C选项正确，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由A，B，C选项可定位到原文第三段中“ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.”，中文翻译为：由夏威夷的第一位本土官员JohnWaihee成立的主权咨询委员会对土著居民的事件起到了推动作用，该委员会建议夏威夷土著居民应该自主决定是否需要重新成立一个夏威夷主权国家。判断A，B，C选项正确，排除；D选项在文章内没有相关信息介绍，故选D。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“alessradicalattitude”可以定位到文章第四段第三句“ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.”，中文翻译为：这是夏威夷事务办公室（OHA）支持的态度，OHA作为一个国家机关成立于1978年，代表着当地人民的利益，如今在面对土著居民主权运动上保持着温和的态度。故选B。

5.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文最后一段“Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.”，中文翻译为：他们还希望能够要回66万公顷的夏威夷公有土地。可知夏威夷是想美国政府承认其所有权而不仅仅是更多的租金。因此B选项“更多的拖欠皇家土地的租金”符合题意。

10.填空题

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

Alanguageisasystemofsounds,gestures,orcharactersusedbyhumanstocommunicatetheirideasandfeelings.Thereareabout4,000spokenlanguagesintheworld.Somearespokenbymillionsofpeople.Otherlanguageshaveonlyafewspeakers.

Alllanguageshaverulesforformingwordsandfororderingthosewordsinsentences.Inwrittenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofcharactersandrulesforcombiningthosecharacters.Inspokenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofsoundsandrulesforcombiningthosesounds.Manydeafpeopleusesignlanguages,inwhichgesturesdotheworkofthesoundsystemofspokenlanguages.

WordorderismoreimportantinEnglishthanitisinsomeotherlanguages,suchasRussian.ThesoundsystemisveryimportantinChineseandinmanylanguagesspokeninWestAfrica.

Languagesarealwayschanging,buttheychangeveryslowly.Peopleinventnewwordsfortheirlanguage,borrowwordsfromotherlanguages,andchangethemeaningsofwordsasneeded.Forexample,theEnglishwordbytewasinventedbycomputerspecialistsin1959.TheEnglishwordtomatowasborrowedfromNahuat,anAmericanIndianlanguagespokeninMexico.TheEnglishwordmeatoncereferredtofoodingeneral.

Thereareseveralmajorlanguagefamiliesintheworld.Thelanguagesineachfamilyarerelated,andscientiststhinktheycamefromthesameparentfamily.Languagefamiliescomeindifferentsizes.TheAustronesianfamilycontainsatleast500languages,includingPilipino,Malay,andMaori.TheBasquelanguage,spokeninnorthernSpain,istheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily.

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilycontains55languages,includingEnglish,German,Spanish,Russian,andHindi.AnotherlanguagefamilyisSino-Tibetan,whichincludesChinese,Burmese,andTibetan.TheAfro-AsiaticfamilyincludesArabic,Hebrew,andAmharic.Thereareabout150AmericanIndianlanguagesspokentoday.Theselanguageshavemanydifferencesandhavebeendividedintomorethan50languagefamilies.

Peoplelearnlanguagesbylistening,copyingwhattheyhear,andusingthelanguage.Mostchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguageseasily,andsometimesotherlanguagesaswell.Adultsoftenmustworkharderatlearningasecondlanguage.

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?

【答案】1.About4,000spokenlanguages.

2.Formingwordsandorderingthosewordsinsentences.

3.Bygestures.

4.Wordorder.

5.TheBasquelanguage.

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?1.世界上有多少种语言？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】第一段第二句提到“