考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国传媒大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago."Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace."

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（肾上腺素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil'sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule.

问题2选项

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves.

问题3选项

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis.

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

问题4选项

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger.

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise.

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise.

问题5选项

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B，C，D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。

5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知选项D正确。

2.单选题

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.

问题1选项

A.assured

B.ensured

C.reassured

D.insured

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.assured（向……）保证B.ensured确保

C.reassured使……安心；打消……的疑虑D.insured投保

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：他的话终于……我的决定是正确的。根据逻辑，他的话应该是打消我的顾虑，让我确信我的决定是正确的。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项assured“（向……）保证”，并不是他的话保证我的决定是正确的，而是他的话使我安心，从而让我觉得我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；

B选项ensured“确保”，并不是他的话确保我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；

D选项insured“投保”，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】他的话最终打消了我的疑虑，我做了正确的决定。

3.单选题

Duringtheopera’smostfamousaria,thetempochosenbytheorchestra’sconductorseemed（

）,withoutnecessaryrelationtowhathadgonebefore.

问题1选项

A.tedious

B.melodious

C.capricious

D.moderation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的，冗长乏味的；melodious旋律优美的；capricious反复无常的，任性的；moderation适度，节制。句意：在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意，与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语境。

4.填空题

Tidinessmeanskeepingthingsoutofsightandyetavailablewhen(1)______.Itimpliesthatthereisa(2)_____foreverythingandthateachthingusedfindsits(3)_______backtoitsplacebyacontinuousprocess,notbyaspasmodiceffort.Theprocessdepends,however,uponthedrawer,cupboardandstoragespacebeing(4)_____，forlackof(5)________somethingsmayliterallyhavenoplacetogo.Ifthereisnoplaceforthings,itisno(6)_______tellingpeopletoputthemaway.Thearchitectwhothuseconomizes(7)_______storagespaceisapttoclaimthatagood-sizedsitting-roomistheresult.Whatadvantageisthereinthat,however,whenhalftheliving-roomhastobeusedforstorage?Theaestheticorderdepends,inturn,uponstoragespace.(8)_______itmaybetruethatnohouseeverhadcupboardsenough,therearesomehouseswhichhavepracticallynocupboardsatall.Intheseourchoicemustlie(9)________chronicuntidinessandruthlessdestruction.Thatisnottosay,however,thatcupboardspacewillitselfcreate(10)_______.Thereisthequestion,furthermore,whetherthecupboardsthemselvesaretidy.Thateverythinghasbeensweptoutofsightisnoproof,initself,thatanythingcanbefound.

【答案】1.wanted

2.place

3.way

4.provided

5.which

6.good

7.on

8.While

9.between

10.tidiness

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。句意：整洁意味着把东西放在看不见的地方，但是当______时候仍能找到。所以空格中填入wanted表示“当需要用到的时候，仍能找到”。

2.考查上下文语义。句意：这就意味着每个物体都有一个_______，并且每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到它的________回到原处。所以空各种填入place表示“每个物体都有属于它的地点或位置”。

3.考查上下文语义。句意：这就意味着每个物体都有一个专属的地点，并且每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到它的________回到原处。所以填入way表示“每样被使用的物体都能通过连续的过程而不是间断的努力找到放回原处的”

4.考查上下文语义。句意：然而，这个过程取决于抽屉、橱柜或被_________的贮藏空间。所以填入provided表示“被提供的贮藏空间”。

5.考查定语从句语法。句意：然而，这个过程取决于抽屉、橱柜或被提供的贮藏空间。因为缺少________，有些东西真的无处可放。所以填入关系代词which，指代上文的“storagespace”，表示“缺少贮藏空间”。

6.考查上下文语义。句意：如果没有地方放东西，要求人们将东西收拾好是________的。所以填入“good”表示“要求人们将东西收拾好是不合适的”。

7.考查介词搭配。句意：能够有效地利用贮存空间的建筑师倾向于认为一件宽敞的客厅是最好的结果。所以填入介词on，与不及物动词economize构成搭配，表示“在…..上节省或有效利用”。

8.考查连词。句意：没有一间房子是拥有足够的橱柜的事实是真实的，有些房子几乎没有橱柜。所以填入连接词while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。

9.考查介词。句意：在这些房子里面，我们的选择只能在于长期的不整洁和无情的破坏之间。所以填入between表示“在两者之间”。

10.考查上下文语义。句意：然而，这并不是说橱柜本身能创造_________。此外，还有一个问题，就是橱柜本身是否整洁。一切都被清理得看不见了，本身并不能证明能轻易找到东西。所以填入tidiness表示“这并不是说橱柜本身能创造整洁”。

5.单选题

Adecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butinthepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,whichallowthemrapid,round-the-clockaccesstotheirrecords.Labtestsarenowreleaseddirectlytopatients.

Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnology,incentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationtoencourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsdirectaccesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytofosterpatientengagementandimprovepatientsafety.

Areportalsdeliveringontheirpromisetoengagepatients?Oraretheseresultstoooftenasourceofconfusionandalarmforpatientsandthecauseofmoreworkfordoctorsbecauseinformationisprovidedwithoutadequate-orsometimesany-guidance?

Althoughwhatpatientsseeonlineandhowquicklytheyseeitdiffers—sometimesevenwithinthesamehospitalsystem-mostportalscontainlabtests,imagingstudies,pathologyreportsandlessfrequently,doctors’notes.Itisnotuncommonforatestresulttobepostedbeforethedoctorhasseenit.

KatharineTreadway,aninternist,knowswhatit’sliketoobtainshockingnewsfromanelectronicmedicalrecord.Theexperience,shesaid,hasinfluencedthewayshepractices.

Morethanadecadeago-longbeforemostpatientshadportals-Treadway,withherhusband’spermission,pulleduptheresultsofhisMRIscanonahospitalcomputerwhilewaitingtoseethespecialisttreatinghissudden,unbearablearmpain.

“Itshowedamassivetumorandwidespreadmetastaticdisease,”Treadwayrecalled.Sheneversuspectedthather59-year-oldhusbandhadcancer,letaloneahighlyaggressiveandusuallyfatalformofadvancedlymphoma.

Treadway,whosehusbandhasbeencancer-freeformorethanadecade,saidsherememberedintentlycheckingthenameanddateofbirth,certainshehadthewrongpatient,thenrebootingthecomputerseveraltimes“likeIwasgoingtogetadifferentanswer.”

1.Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseofportals?

3.Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?

5.TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.

B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.

C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.

D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.

问题2选项

A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.

B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.

C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.

D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.

问题3选项

A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.

B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.

C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.

D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.

问题4选项

A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.

B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.

C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.

D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.

问题5选项

A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessed

B.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportals

C.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatients

D.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’information

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?文章开头提到的趋势是什么？

A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.A.更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。

B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.B.更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。

C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.C.更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。

D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.D.鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段第二句“但在过去几年里，医院和医疗机构敦促患者注册门户网站，这样他们就可以24小时快速查看自己的病历。”由此句可知在最近几年查看病历趋向于在网站上自行查看电子诊疗。D选项“鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。”，文中并未提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。”文中指的是“十多年前大多数病人都是通过电话或医生亲自告知的”，并不是现在的趋势，属于过度推断。

2.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseofportals?下面哪一项没有被提到是门户网站使用增加的一个因素？

A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.A.对技术的普遍接受。

B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.B.降低病人获得结果的费用。

C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.C.医院使用电子记录的经济利益。

D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.D.为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句“推动门户网站建设的因素有以下几个：科技的广泛应用（thewidespreadembraceoftechnology）、对医疗机构和医院的奖励（这是2009年联邦立法的一部分，旨在鼓励‘有意义地使用’电子记录），以及2014年的一项联邦规定，允许患者直接查看其结果（federalrulegivingpatientsdirectaccesstotheirresults）”由此句可知A选项“对科技的普遍接受”，C选项“医院使用电子记录的经济利益”和D选项“为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求”都在原文中提到了。B选项没有提及，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项根据解题思路可知均属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?对于门户网站越来越多的使用，作者关注的是什么？

A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.A.对患者个人信息的不安全访问。

B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.B.对患者使用门户的指导不足。

C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.C.不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果。

D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.D.不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段第二句话“还是说，这些结果往往会让病人感到困惑和惊慌，让医生需要做更多的工作，因为提供的信息不充分，有时甚至没有任何指导?”以及第三段中谈到作者对在医疗系统使用门户网站通知病人诊断结果的反思可知C项“不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对患者个人信息的不安全访问。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“对患者使用门户的指导不足。”，“没有指导”指的是医生对患者病情的说明，该选项无中生有；

D选项“不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。”，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?下面关于特雷德韦医生的丈夫的陈述哪一项是正确的？

A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.A.诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。

B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.B.他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。

C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.C.他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配。

D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.D.他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可从原文第六段开始定位，讲到特雷德韦医生通过门户网站查询诊断结果的例子，再根据第七段中特雷德韦医生所说“上面显示一个巨大的肿瘤和扩散转移的疾病”和后面“她从未怀疑过她59岁的丈夫得了癌症”，以及最后一段中“确定她是选错了人”，可知C选项“他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

B选项“他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。”，文中说的是这个医生在医院的电脑上查看了他的核磁共振扫描结果，而不是这个医生的丈夫通过医院门户得知结果，属于张冠李戴。

5.【选项释义】

TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto（）.作者引用特雷德韦医生的经验是想____。

A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessedA.解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险

B.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportalsB.举例说明通过门户网站向患者提供错误信息的潜在风险

C.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatientsC.说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展

D.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’informationD.展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第五段“她知道从电子病历中获取令人震惊的消息是什么感觉。她说，这段经历影响了她的练习方式。”特雷德韦医生从门户网站得到了丈夫的错误病例，因此B选项“举例说明通过门户网站向患者提供错误信息的潜在风险”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展”，作者想要表达主要是这个过程中出现的误解或问题，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势”，文中并没有进行比较，属于无中生有。

6.单选题

Itisunfairto（

）fromthesetwoincidentsandsaythatallyoungmenarerecklessdrivers.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.generalize

C.minimize

D.transfer

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。deduce“推论”；generalize“概括，推广”；minimize“使减到最少；最小化”；transfer“转让，转接”。句意：从这两件事来推断是不公平的，说所有的年轻人都是莽撞的司机。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Thepresidenthassaidthattherearenoplansto（）taxes.

问题1选项

A.raise

B.rise

C.arise

D.soar

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。raise“提高；筹集”；rise“上升；增强”；arise“出现；上升；起立”；soar“高飞，高耸”。句意：总统称没有增加税收的计划。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Scientistsare（）certainthatthereisacancer-inhibitingagentinthebloodoftheshark.

问题1选项

A.dubiously

B.virtually

C.queerly

D.randomly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项dubiously“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项virtually“事实上，几乎”；C选项queerly“奇怪地；奇妙地”；D选项randomly“随便地，任意地；无目的地”。句意：科学家们几乎确信鲨鱼的血中有一种抗癌物质。“virtuallycertain几乎确信”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication（）theadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.

问题1选项

A.inwhich

B.inthisway

C.inthat

D.inorderthat

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。空格后面是一个完整的句子，不缺任何主要成分。inwhich引导定语从句，可以排除；inthisway“以······的方式”，不符合题意。inthat在句中引导原因状语从句，符合句意：广告与其他的交流方式不同，因为广告人需要为要发表的信息付费。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Persistentbullyingisoneoftheworstexperiencesachildcanface.Howcanitbeprevented?PeterSmith,ProfessorofPsychologyattheUniversityofSheffield,directedtheSheffieldAnti-BullyingInterventionProject,fundedbytheDepartmentforEducation.

Herethereportsonhisfindings.

SectionA

Bullyingcantakeavarietyofforms,fromtheverbal—beingtauntedorcalledhurtfulnames—tothephysical—beingkickedorshoved—aswellasindirectforms,suchasbeingexcludedfromsocialgroups.AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.

SectionB

Bullyingisclearlyunpleasant,andcanmakethechildexperiencingitfeelunworthyanddepressed.Inextremecasesitcanevenleadtosuicide,thoughthisisthankfullyrare.Victimizedpupilsaremorelikelytoexperiencedifficultieswithinterpersonalrelationshipsasadults,whilechildrenwhopersistentlybullyaremorelikelytogrowuptobephysicallyviolent,andconvictedofanti-socialoffences.

SectionC

Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.Fortunatelymoreschoolsarenowsaying:“Thereisnotmuchbullyinghere,butwhenitoccurswehaveaclearpolicyfordealingwithit.”

SectionD

Threefactorsareinvolvedinthischange.Firstisanawarenessoftheseverityoftheproblem.Second,anumberofresourcestohelptacklebullyinghavebecomeavailableinBritain.Forexample,theScottishCouncilforResearchinEducationproducedapackageofmaterials,ActionAgainstBullying,circulatedtoallschoolsinEnglandandWalesaswellasinScotlandinsummer1992,withasecondpack,SupportingSchoolsAgainstBullying,producedthefollowingyear.InIreland,GuidelinesonCounteringBullyingBehaviourinPost-PrimarySchoolswaspublishedin1993.Third,thereisevidencethatthesematerialswork,andthatschoolscanachievesomething.Thiscomesfromcarefullyconducted“beforeandafter”evaluationsofinterventionsinschools,monitoredbyaresearchteam.InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.TheSheffieldinvestigation,whichinvolvedsixteenprimaryschoolsandsevensecondaryschools,foundthatmostschoolssucceededinreducingbullying.

SectionE

Evidencesuggeststhatakeystepistodevelopapolicyonbullying,sayingclearlywhatismeantbybullying,andgivingexplicitguidelinesonwhatwillbedoneifitoccurs,whatrecordswillbekept,whowillbeinformed,whatsanctionswillbeemployed.Thepolicyshouldbedevelopedthroughconsultation,overaperiodoftime—notjustimposedfromtheheadteacher’soffice!Pupils,parentsandstaffshouldfeeltheyhavebeeninvolvedinthepolicy,whichneedstobedisseminatedandimplementedeffectively.

Otheractionscanbetakentobackupthepolicy.Therearewaysofdealingwiththetopicthroughthecurriculum,usingvideo,dramaandliterature.Theseareusefulforraisingawareness,andcanbestbetiedintoearlyphasesofdevelopment,whiletheschoolisstartingtodiscusstheissueofbullying.Theyarealsousefulinrenewingthepolicyfornewpupils,orrevisingitinthelightofexperience.Butcurriculumworkalonemayonlyhaveshorttermeffects;itshouldbeanadditiontopolicywork,notasubstitute.

Therearealsowaysofworkingwithindividualpupils,orinsmallgroups.Assertivenesstrainingforpupilswhoareliabletobevictimsisworthwhile,andcertainapproachestogroupbullyingsuchas“noblame”,canbeusefulinchangingthebehaviourofbullyingpupilswithoutconfrontingthemdirectly,althoughothersanctionsmaybeneededforthosewhocontinuewithpersistentbullying.

Workintheplaygroundisimportant,too.Onehelpfulstepistotrainlunchtimesupervisorstodistinguishbullyingfromplayfulfighting,andhelpthembreakupconflicts.Anotherpossibilityistoimprovetheplaygroundenvironment,sothatpupilsarelesslikelytobeledintobullyingfromboredomorfrustration.

SectionF

Withthesedevelopments,schoolscanexpectthatatleastthemostseriouskindsofbullyingcanlargelybeprevented.Themoreeffortputinandthewiderthewholeschoolinvolvement,themoresubstantialtheresultsarelikelytobe.Thereductioninbullying—andtheconsequentimprovementinpupilhappiness—issurelyaworthwhileobjective.

1.ArecentsurveyfoundthatinBritishsecondaryschools（）.

2.Childrenwhoarebullied（）.

3.Thewriterthinksthatthedeclaration“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”（）.

4.WhatwerethefindingsofresearchcarriedoutinNorway?

问题1选项

A.therewasmorebullyingthanhadpreviouslybeenthecase

B.therewaslessbullyingthaninprimaryschools

C.casesofpersistentbullyingwereverycommon

D.indirectformsofbullyingwereparticularlydifficulttodealwith

问题2选项

A.aretwiceaslikelytocommitsuicideastheaverageperson

B.finditmoredifficulttorelatetoadults

C.arelesslikelytobeviolentinlaterlife

D.mayhavedifficultyformingrelationshipsinlaterlife

问题3选项

A.isnolongertrueinmanyschools

B.wasnotinfactmadebymanyschools

C.reflectedtheschool’slackofconcern

D.reflectedalackofknowledgeandresources

问题4选项

A.Bullyingdeclinedby50%afterananti-bullyingcampaign.

B.Twenty-oneschoolsreducedbullyingasaresultofananti-bullyingcampaign.

C.Twoyearsistheoptimumlengthforananti-bullyingcampaign.

D.BullyingisalessseriousprobleminNorwaythanintheUK.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节题。根据文章SectionA第二句，“AsurveyIconductedwithIreneWhitneyfoundthatinBritishprimaryschoolsuptoaquarterofpupilsreportedexperienceofbullying,whichinaboutoneintencaseswaspersistent.Therewaslessbullyinginsecondaryschools,withaboutoneintwenty-fivesufferingpersistentbullying,butthesecasesmaybeparticularlyrecalcitrant.”，调查发现在英国有多达四分之一的学生有被欺凌的经历，中学的欺凌事件更少，大约二十五分之一的欺凌会持续下去。可判断出中学的欺凌行为比小学的少，选项B符合题意。

2.细节题。根据文章SectionB提到欺凌给小孩带来的影响，包括让孩子感到自卑和沮丧、导致自杀、长大后出现人际交往困难、更有可能在未来成为暴力分子，可判断出选项A和B文章并未提及，选项C“在以后生活中不太可能有暴力行为”，与原文内容相反，所以选项D“在以后可能会出现人际交往困难”符合文章意思，选项D符合题意。

3.细节题。根据文章SectionC“Untilrecently,notmuchwasknownaboutthetopic,andlittlehelpwasavailabletoteacherstodealwithbullying.Perhapsasaconsequence,schoolswouldoftendenytheproblem.‘Thereisnobullyingatthisschool’hasbeenacommonrefrain,almostcertainlyuntrue.”，可知“Thereisnobullyingatthisschool”是学校提出的。学校声称没有欺凌现象的原因在于人们对这个话题所知甚少，老师们也未能得到帮助来应对欺凌。可判断出学校否认欺凌现象的原因在于知识和资源的缺乏。选项D符合题意。

4.细节题。根据文章SectionD“InNorway,afteraninterventioncampaignwasintroducednationally,anevaluationofforty-twoschoolssuggestedthat,overatwoyearperiod,bullyingwashalved.”，在挪威，一项干预措施在全国推广后，对42所学校的评估表明，在两年的时间里，欺凌现象减少了一半。可判断出在挪威进行的研究发现在一场反欺凌运动之后，欺凌事件减少了一半，选项A符合题意。

11.填空题

Don'ttrytousethatprinter.It'sbeenoutof（

）forages.Idon’tknowwhytheystillhaven’trepairedit.

【答案】order

【解析】固定搭配。outoforder发生故障。

12.单选题

Officejobsareamongthepositionshardesthitbycomputation.Wordprocessorsandtypistswillloseabout93,000jobsoverthenextfewyears,while57,000secretarialjobswillvanish.BlamethePC:Today,manyexecutivestypetheirownmemosandcarrytheir“secretaries”inthepalmsoftheirhands.Timeisalsohardforstockclerks,whoseranksareexpectedtodecreaseby68,000.Andemployeesinmanufacturingfirmsandwholesalersarebeingreplacedwithcomputerizedsystems.

Butnoteveryonewholosesajobwillendupintheunemploymentline.Manywillshifttogrowingpositionswithintheirowncompanies.Whennewtechnologiesshookupthetelecombusiness,telephoneoperatorJudyDoughertypursuedretraining.Sheisnowacommunicationstechnician,earningabout$64,000peryear.Ofcourse,ifyou’vebeenatollboothcollectorforthepast30years,andyoufindyourselfreplacedbyanE-ZPassmachine,itmaybeoflittleconsolationtoknowthatthetelecommfieldisbooming.

Andthat’sjustit:Theserviceeconomyisfading;welcometotheexpertiseeconomy.Tosucceedinthenewjobmarket,youmustbeabletohandlecomplexproblems.Indeed,allbutoneofthe50highest-payingoccupations—air-trafficcontroller—demandatleastabachelor’sdegree.

Forthosewithjustahighschooldiploma,it’sgoingtogettoughertofindawell-payingjob.Sincefewerfactoryandclericaljobswillbeavailable,what’sleftwillbethejobsthatcomputationcan’tkill:Computerscan’tcleanoffices,orcareforAlzheimer’spatients.But,sincemostpeoplehavetheskillstofillthosepositions,thewagesstaypainfullylow,meaningcomputationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor.Thebestadvicenow:Neverstoplearning,andkeepupwithnewtechnology.

Forbusyadults,ofcourse,thatcanbetough.Thegoodnewsisthattheverytechnologythat’sreducingsomanyjobsisalsomakingiteasiertogobacktoschool—withouthavingtositinaclassroom.So-calledInternetdistancelearningishot,withmorethanthreemillionstudentscurrentlyenrolled,andit’sgainingcredibilitywithemployers.

Areyouatriskoflosingyourjobtoacomputer?CheckthefederalBureauofLaborStatistics’OccupationalOutlookHandbook,whichisavailableonlineat.

34.FromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthatallofthefollowingpersonsareeasilythrownintounemploymentEXCEPT（）.

35.Bysaying“...computationcoulddriveanevendeeperwedgebetweentherichandpoor”(Para.4)theauthormeans（）.

36.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardscomputers?

37.Whichofthefollowingmightserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.secretaries

B.stockclerks

C.managers

D.wholesalers

问题2选项

A.peoplearegettingricherandricher

B.therewillbeasmallgapbetweenrichandpoor

C.thegapbetweenrichandpoorisgettinglargerandlarger

D.it’stimetocloseupthegapbetweentherichandpoor

问题3选项

A.Positive.

B.Negative.

C.Neutral.

D.Prejudiced

问题4选项

A.BlamingthePC.

B.Theboomingtelecommfield.

C.Internetdistancelearning.

D.Keepingupwithcomputation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】34.推理判断题。定位在第一段Word