考研考博-英语-中山大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中山大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

我的导师是亚裔美国人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间内必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只有5人。

【答案】MysupervisorisofAsianorigin.Heisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withairritabletemper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintowhatAsianstudentshaveontheirmind.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedintohislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,theotherfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputaneye-catchingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,“Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10:00a.m.to12:00p.m..Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.”Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Duringthe3andahalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayeduntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.

2.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.

Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce,andtherearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsidewhowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence—asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother,whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.

Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Butenforcement!Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthisunderminedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.ThebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundUS.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem：itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk,theadvocatesofviolencesay,”allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.

“It'sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser”.Possible?Mylord,thebarristerreplied,“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom;theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whichcanbestreplacetheword“acute”(Line1,Para.1)mean（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofourenergyandstrength?

4.Whatdotrulyreasonablemenadvocatetosolvetheproblemofraceprejudice?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,what'stheprerequisiteofpeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces?

问题1选项

A.intelligentandquicktonoticeandunderstandthings

B.havingasharpendorpoint

C.verysensitiveandwelldeveloped

D.seriousorsevere

问题2选项

A.Violenceleadstonowherebutmakingthingsworse.

B.Violenceistherootofevils.

C.Violenceiswhathumankindresentsmost.

D.Violencecanbeeliminatedsoonerorlater.

问题3选项

A.Theyarewastedandmightbewelldirectedandachievemoremeaningfulresults.

B.Theyarealreadyconstructiveandwelldirectedandwillfulfillastablesociety.

C.Theywillworkonlywithcoordinatedefforts.

D.Theywillworklikemagiconthesolutionofracialprejudice.

问题4选项

A.Lawenforcement.

B.Knowledge.

C.Nonviolence.

D.Eliminatingviolencemess.

问题5选项

A.Mutualunderstanding.

B.Mutuallycooperative.

C.Learningfromeachother.

D.Bridgingthemisunderstandinggapbetweenraces'customs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据后半句“...violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.”因此，人们理所当然地认为暴力是解决分歧的一种手段，甚至没有人对它提出质疑。说明这是很严重的种族歧视。选项D符合原文。

2.根据第一段的内容可知，作者指出人们对暴力解决问题的麻木和无知，意在告诉人们暴力不仅无法解决问题，甚至可能让事情变得更糟糕。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第四段的倒是第三句“Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogram.在指导得当的情况下，实现一个稳定的社会计划的理想并非不可能。

选项A符合原文。

4.根据第四段的第二句“Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.”选项A正确。

5.根据第五段的第一句“Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother'sproblems.”在我们开始考虑种族之间的和平共处之前，我们必须了解彼此的问题。也就是说消除种族习俗之间的误解。选项D符合原文。

3.单选题

Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.Thebrainismadeprimarilyoftwodifferenttypesoftissue,calledgraymatterandwhitematter.Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.

PsychologyprofessorRichardHaieroftheUniversityofCalifornia,IrvineledtheresearchalongwithcolleaguesfromtheUniversityofNewMexico.Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.“Thesefindingssuggestedthathumanevolutionhascreatedtwodifferenttypesofbrainsdesignedforequallyintelligentbehavior,”saidHaier,addingthat,“bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.”

TheresultsaredetailedintheonlineversionofthejournalNeuroImage.Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.Theresultsfromthisstudymayhelpexplainwhymenandwomenexcelatdifferenttypesoftasks,saidco-authorandneuropsychologistRexJungoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics,Jungsaid,whilewomenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills.Scientistsfinditveryinterestingthatwhilemenandwomenusetwoverydifferentactivitycentersandneurologicalpathways,menandwomenperformequallywellonbroadmeasuresofcognitiveability,suchasintelligencetests.

Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.Thismatchesupwellwithclinicaldatathatshowsfrontallobedamageinwomentobemuchmoredestructivethanthesametypeofdamageinmen.BothHaierandJunghopethatthisresearchwillsomedayhelpdoctorsdiagnosebraindisordersinmenandwomenearlier,aswellasprovidehelpdesigningmoreeffectiveandprecisetreatmentsforbraindamage.

21.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtoparagraph1?

22.Accordingtoparagraph2,thisdiscoveryissignificantbecause________.

23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutgraybrainmatter?

24.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalseaboutwhitebrainmatter?

25.Thefinalparagraphsuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.Thebrainisamonolithicorgan.

B.Intellectualabilitydependsonwhichpartofthebrainisused.

C.Intellectualabilityvariesbetweenmenandwomen.

D.Theanatomyofmen’sbrainsandwomen’sbrainsdiffer.

问题2选项

A.itisnecessarytounderstandtheanatomyofthebrainwhendealingwithdiseasesthataffectthoughtprocesses

B.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligent

C.itshowsthatmenandwomenareequallyintelligentoverall,butspecializeindifferentwaysofthinking

D.manydiseasesofthebrainarespecifictogenderortheother

问题3选项

A.Ithelpsputtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

B.Itisusedforprocessinginformation.

C.Thereislessofitinmen’sbrains.

D.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofgraybrainmatterandmathematicalability.

问题4选项

A.Womenhavemoreofitthanmen.

B.Itisusedforputtingtogetherinformationfromdifferentpartsofthebrain.

C.Thereisdirectcorrelationbetweentheamountofwhitebrainmatterandlinguisticability.

D.Theamountofwhitebrainmatterisnotdirectlyrelatedtooverallintelligence.

问题5选项

A.menandwomenareequallyintelligent

B.menandwomenhavedifferentfrontallobes

C.headinjuriescanhavevariedeffects,accordingtowhetherapersonismaleorfemale

D.theresearchwillbeusefultootherscientists

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Manandwomendothinkdifferently,atleastwheretheanatomyofthebrainisconcerned,accordingtoanewstudy.（根据一项新的研究，男人和女人的想法确实不同，至少在大脑解剖方面是这样。），可知男女在大脑结构上不同，所以D选项“男性大脑和女性大脑的解剖结构不同”正确。A选项“大脑是一个整体器官”：文章没有单独提出来，故错误。B选项“智力能力取决于大脑的哪一部分被使用了”，C选项“男人和女人的智力不同”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知男女的智力没有不同，也不会因为使用大脑方式的不同而产生智力差距，故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节。根据第二段最后一句Thesefindingssuggestedthat…bypinpointingthesegender-basedintelligenceareas,thestudyhasthepotentialtoaidresearchondementiaandothercognitive-impairmentdiseasesinthebrain.（这些发现表明……通过精确定位这些基于性别的智能区域，这项研究有可能帮助研究痴呆和其他大脑认知障碍疾病。），可知这个对大脑结构发现的现实意义是可以用来帮助治疗大脑认知障碍的疾病，所以A选项“在处理影响思维过程的疾病时，有必要了解大脑的解剖结构”正确。B选项“它表明男人和女人是同样聪明的”和C选项“它表明男人和女人在整体上同样聪明，但思考方式不同”：根据第二段第二句Theirfindingsshowthatingeneral,menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen,whereaswomenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen.（他们的研究结果显示，总体而言，男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍，而女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍。），这表明男女思考方式不同，但并不能表明男女智力一样，故错误。D选项“许多大脑疾病跟特定性别或其他因素有关”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知灰质用来处理信息，所以B选项“用来处理信息”正确，A选项“有助于将来自大脑不同部位的信息整合在一起”是白质的功能，故错误。C选项“男人的大脑中没有那么多”：根据第二段第二句menhavenearly6.5timestheamountofgraymatterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithwomen（男性与智力有关的灰质是女性的近6.5倍），可知男性的灰质更多，故错误。D选项“大脑灰质的数量和数学能力之间有直接的关系”：根据第三段倒数第二句Forexample,mentendtodobetterwithtasksrequiringmorelocalizedprocessing,suchasmathematics（例如，男性在需要更多本地化处理的任务上表现得更好，比如数学），用灰质思考更多的男性在数学方面表现更好，不代表灰质数量和数学的直接关系，故错误。因此B选项正确。

24.推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句womenarebetteratintegratingandassimilatinginformationfromdistributedgray-matterregionsofthebrain,whichaidslanguageskills（女性在整合和吸收来自大脑分布灰质区域的信息方面表现得更好，这有助于语言技能），这里没有表明白质和语言能力的直接关系，所以C选项“脑白质的数量和语言能力之间有直接的关系”不符合文章意思，正确。A选项“女性比男性拥有更多”：根据第二段第二句womenhavenearly10timestheamountofwhitematterrelatedtointelligencecomparedwithmen（女性与智力有关的白质是男性的近10倍），可知符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“是用来把来自大脑不同部位的信息放在一起”：根据第三段第二句Inhumanbrains,graymatterrepresentsinformationprocessingcenters,whereaswhitematterworkstonetworktheseprocessingcenters.（在人脑中，灰质代表着信息处理中心，而白质则负责将这些处理中心连接起来。），可知符合文章意思，故错误。D选项“脑白质的数量与整体智力没有直接关系”：根据第一段第三、四句Thisnewresearchrevealsthatmenthinkmorewiththeirgraymatter,andwomenthinkmorewithwhite.Researchersstressedthatjustbecausethetwosexesthinkdifferently,thisdoesnotaffectintellectualperformance.（这项新研究表明，男性用灰质思考更多，而女性用白质思考更多。研究人员强调，仅仅因为男女思维方式不同，并不会影响智力表现。），可知脑白质数量和智力没有直接关系，符合文章意思，故错误。因此C选项正确。

25.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Thisresearchalsogivesinsighttowhydifferenttypesofheadinjuriesaremoredisastroustoonesexortheother.（这项研究还揭示了为什么不同类型的头部损伤对男性或女性更具灾难性。），可知头部受伤对男女的影响可能不同，所以C选项“根据性别不同，头部受伤可能有不同的影响”正确。B选项“男人和女人有不同的额叶”：根据第四段第二句Forexample,inwomen84percentofgraymatterregionsand86percentofwhitematterregionsinvolvedinintellectualperformancewerelocatedinthefrontallobes,whereasthepercentagesoftheseregionsinaman’sfrontallobesare45percentandzerorespectively.（例如，女性额叶中84%的灰质区域和86%的白质区域与智力活动有关，而男性的额叶中这两个区域的比例分别为45%和零。），这里说的是男女额叶在灰质与白质结构上的不同，而不是说男女额叶本身的不同，故错误。A选项“男性和女性一样聪明”和D选项“这项研究将对其他科学家有用”：最后一段没有提到，故错误。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

15.

问题1选项

A.Chemotherapy.

B.Radiation.

C.Injections.

D.Surgery.

【答案】C

【解析】W:Whatdoyouknowabouttreatmentsofcancer?

M:Chemotherapy.Buttheatmakesyourhairfallout,doesn’tit?

W:Yes,therearesomeunpleasantside-effects.I’mnotsureweneedtoconsiderthatatthisstage.Weshouldseewhetheraseriesofinjectionwillhelp.

Q:Whattreatmentwillthemanprobablyreceivefirst?

【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效，患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。

5.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Hefoundtherehadbeenlittleresearchontheirlanguage.

B.HewastryingtopreservethelanguagesoftheIndiantribes.

C.Hiscontactwithasocialworkerhadgreatlyarousedhisinterestinthetribe.

D.HismeetingwithGonzalezhadmadehimeagertolearnmoreaboutthetribe.

问题2选项

A.HetaughtCopelandtospeaktheTarahumaraslanguage.

B.HepersuadedtheTarahumarastoacceptCopeland’sgifts.

C.Herecommendedoneofhisbestfriendsasaninterpreter.

D.HeactedasanintermediarybetweenCopelandandthevillagers.

问题3选项

A.Unpredictable.

B.Unjustifiable.

C.Laborious.

D.Tedious.

问题4选项

A.Theirappreciationofhelpfromtheoutsiders.

B.Theirsenseofsharingandcaring.

C.Theirreadinesstoadapttotechnology.

D.Theirbeliefincreatingwealthforthemselves.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

TheideatostudytheAmericanIndiantribe,Tarahumaras,cametoJamesCopelandin1984,[12]whenhediscoveredthatverylittleresearchhadbeendoneontheirlanguage.HecontactedatribememberthroughasocialworkerwhoworkedwiththetribesmeninMexico.Atfirst,thetribemember,namedGonzalez,wasveryreluctanttocooperate.HetoldCopelandthatnoamountofmoneycouldbuyhislanguage.ButafterCopelandexplainedtohimwhatheintendedtodowithhisresearchandhowitwouldbenefittheTarahumaras,Gonzalezagreedtohelp.[13]HetookCopelandtohisvillageandservedasanintermediary.Copelandsays:“Thankstohim,theTarahumarasunderstoodwhatourmissionwasandstartedtrustingus.”

[14]EnteringtheworldoftheTarahumarashasbeenalaboriousprojectforCopeland.Toreachthen-homelandhemustdrivetwoandahalfdaysfromHouston,Texas.Heloadsuphisvehiclewithgoodsthatthetribesmencan’teasilyget,andgivesgoodstothemasagestureoffriendship.TheTarahumaras,whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth,takethefoodandshareitamongthemselves.

ForCopeland,theexperiencehasnotonlybeenacademicallysatisfying,butalsohasenrichedhislifeinseveralways.“Iseepeoplerejectingtechnologyandlivingaveryhard,traditionallife,whichoffersmeanothernotionaboutthemeaningofprogressinthewesterntradition,”hesays.“IexperiencethesimplicityoflivinginnaturethatIwouldotherwiseonlybeabletoreadabout.[15]Iseealotofbeautyintheirsenseofsharingandconcernforeachother.

12.WhydidJamesCopelandwanttostudytheAmericanIndiantribeTarahumaras?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是JamesCopeland研究美洲印第安部落塔拉乌马拉人（Tarahumaras）的原因。录音开头提到，他发现对塔拉乌马拉人的语言进行的研究很少，于是产生了研究该部落的念头，A选项“他发现对他们语言的研究几乎没有”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“他正努力保护印第安人部落的语言”在录音中并未提及；C选项“他与一名社会工作者的接触极大地激发了他对该部落的兴趣”，利用录音中出现的asocialworker设置干扰，录音说的是他通过一名社会工作者与部落的成员取得了联系，是研究该部落的一种渠道而不是研究该部落的原因，因此可排除；D选项“与Gonzalez的会面使他渴望更多地了解这个部落”，录音中提及Copeland与Gonzalez的会面是发生在他产生了研究兴趣之后，因此也可排除。

13.HowdidGonzalezhelpJamesCopeland?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问Gonzalez是如何帮助Copeland的？录音中提到，Gonzalez带Copeland去了他所在的村落，并充当了中间人，D选项“他在Copeland和村民之间扮演着中间人的角色”符合录音原文的表述，因此正确。A选项“他教Copeland说塔拉乌马拉人的语言”和C项“他推荐他的一位好朋友当翻译”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“他劝服塔拉乌马拉人接受Copeland的礼物”，录音只说了塔拉乌马拉人接受了礼物，并与大家一起分享，并没有提及他们是否在Gonzalez的劝说下才接受礼物，因此B选项也可排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutJamesCopeland’striptotheTarahumarasvillage?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者对JamesCopeland的塔拉乌马拉人村落之旅的看法。录音提到，对Copeland而言，进入塔拉乌马拉人的世界是一项艰苦的任务（alaboriousproject），因此C选项“艰苦的，费劲的”正确。A选项“不可预知的”；B选项“不合理的”和D选项“乏味的”在录音中均没有信息提及。

15.WhatimpressesJamesCopelandabouttheTarahumarastribe?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问塔拉乌马拉部落给Copeland留下深刻印象的是什么？录音结尾提到，Copeland从他们互相分享和关心中看到了很多美好，因此B选项“他们的分享和关心”正确。A选项“他们对外来者的帮助表示感激”，录音中没有提及；C选项“他们乐于适应科技”，录音中提到的是（塔拉乌马拉部落的）人们拒绝科技（rejectingtechnology），因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们为自己创造财富的信仰”，录音中提及塔拉乌马拉人不崇尚积累财富（whodon’tbelieveinaccumulatingwealth），因此D选项也不正确。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之,我们所谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及。”

自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责,并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

很显然,我们已然摒弃了“父母之命、媒妁之言”的婚姻方式及为使女孩们守身如玉而将她们深锁闺中的农业习俗。

现在我们被迫从那种以人们之间相互猜忌和敌视为标志的关系跃进到一个人们之间必须相互尊重和理解的世界。

同样地,语言之所以有价值是因为人们承认它是思维的符号,是人与人之间传输思想的媒介。

【答案】Aleaderfromthenewschoolinsistedonthat“theso-called'scientificrevolution'canbebrieflyexplainedastheimprovement,inventionandapplicationofseriesofequipment,whichinturnprovidesanomnipotentscientificdevelopment.”

Freedomanddignityarepossessedbyself-reliantpeopleintherangeoftraditionaltheory,andtheybothserveessentialprerequisitesforresponsibilitiestowhattheyhavebehavedandappraisaltowhattheyhaveperformed.

Obviously,wehaveabandonedthemarriagethatarrangedbyparentsandmatchmakersandalsothecorruptedcustominagriculturalperiodthatgirlsareconfinedintheirchambersforvirginity.

Nowweareforcedtoleapforwardtotheworldthatdemandsmutualrespectandunderstandingsfromrelationsthatfeaturedbymutualsuspicionandhostility.

Similarly,thereasonwhylanguagespossesswiththeirownvaluesisthat,aspeoplehaveacknowledged,theyaresymbolsofthoughtsandalsomediaforthoughtexchanges.

7.单选题

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo’s17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscriticsbutnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorldbyCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason，”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeof(Mis)information,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists，philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘antiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened?”

1.Theword“schism”(Line3,Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans（）.

2.Paragraph2and3arewrittento（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience’’is（）.

问题1选项

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

问题2选项

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

问题3选项

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

问题4选项

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章，“Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.”，可知本世纪，科学和人文学科之间的分歧如果说有什么不同的话，那就是分歧加深了。可判断出schism意为分歧，分裂。confrontation“分歧，面对”；dissatisfaction“不满”；separation“分离，分开”；contempt“轻视，蔑视”。文中是指科学与文化之间不和谐的关系，属于同一领域两个方面的分离。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。文章第二三段，运用大量例子进一步说明了科学与人文之间的分歧，如HigherSuperstition，TheDemon-HauntedWorld和TheFlightfromScienceandReason都是作者给出的例子。可推断出作者在二三段主要是为了例证科学和人文学科之间的分歧。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第六段，“Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WormReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.”，可知这当然并不意味着担心工业发展失控的环保主义者是反科学的，正如去年五月份《美国新闻与世界报道》上的一篇文章所言。可判断出在一篇文章中，环保主义者被指责反科学。选项A符合题意。

4.作者态度题。作者在文中提到科学与文化之间存在分歧，并对此进行了例证。作者认为科学家对于分歧的抨击要合理分析，不能一直持反对意见，如果理由充分恰当就是可取的。可判断出作者的态度是不偏袒的，公正的。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

Theearliesthistorieswerenot（1）,butoralsongsandsagassuch

（2）

thebattleandadventure

（3）

told

（4）

thepoetHomerintheIliadandtheOdyssey.

Thewanderingbards

（5）

passedthesestories

（6）

generationtogenerationmadenoattempttosort

（7）

factfromfiction.Forthem,thegrandlegendsofgodsandsupernaturalheroeswere

（8）

realandimportant

（9）

actualevents.Todayweknowthatmanyoftheseancientsagas,

（10）

exaggerated,dohavearealbasisinfact.

ThestoryoftheTrojanwar,toldintheIliad,waslongthoughttobepure

（11）

;however,todaywecanvisittheruinsofTroyandwalkthroughthegateway,guarded

（12）

aruinedtower,throughwhichthe

（13）

soldiersmarchestomeettheforcesoftheinvadingGreeks.Whatis

（14）

,themanwhodiscoveredtheruinsofthecitymadeuseofnodocumentsorresearchmaterialsotherthanHomer’sdescriptionof

（15）

location.

Thefabulous“one-eyedgiant”whohurledrocksdown

（16）

Odysseus’sshipinOdysseyhasbeenidentifiedasthevolcanoofMountEtna,which

（17）

frequentlypouredoutrockydeath,andwhoseconecanglow

（18）

asingleeyeagainstthedarkofnight.Nearby,intheseaoffthecoastofSicily,

（19）

somehugeandjaggedrockswhichlookasifagiant

（20）

havehurledthemthere,justasOdysseushomecomingsailorsreported.

问题1选项

A.spoken

B.told

C.written

D.talked

问题2选项

A.as

B.at

C.in

D.on

问题3选项

A.tales

B.histories

C.comments

D.reports

问题4选项

A.by

B.because

C.at

D.over

问题5选项

A.whom

B.who

C.whose

D.which

问题6选项

A.from

B.for

C.because

D.in

问题7选项

A.to

B.for

C.from

D.out

问题8选项

A.as

B.at

C.for

D.because

问题9选项

A.like

B.than

C.as

D.but

问题10选项

A.as

B.although

C.since

D.rather

问题11选项

A.fiction

B.novel

C.article

D.anthology

问题12选项

A.by

B.over

C.on

D.for

问题13选项

A.Trojan

B.ancient

C.Roman

D.Italy

问题14选项

A.many

B.more

C.much

D.great

问题15选项

A.their

B.her

C.his

D.its

问题16选项

A.to

B.in

C.upon

D.its

问题17选项

A.have

B.has

C.had

D.having

问题18选项

A.like

B.similar

C.for

D.as

问题19选项

A.lies

B.lie

C.lay

D.laid

问题20选项

A.must

B.need

C.can

D.might

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:A

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】（1）逻辑关系题。空格后的but表示转折关系，所以空格所填写的词与空格后的oral是对应的，oral表示“口头的”，跟他相对的词是C选项的written“书面的，文字的”。

（2）固定搭配题。空格所在这一句是用诗人荷马在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中讲述的战斗和冒险进行举例论述上一句话，suchas为固定搭配，表示“例如，比如”，A选项正确。

（3）名词词义辨析题。A选