考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritermayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoulthequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’sbiography—notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweakness:tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountistheauthentic”one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis“authorized”bythesubject:thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation.“Unauthorized”biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.Inbookpromotions,theunauthorized’characterizationusuallysuggeststheprospectofjuicygossipthatthesubjecthadhopedtosuppress.Asubjectmighthaveseveralbiographies,evenseveralauthentic”ones.Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotellthe”storyoflife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,anidealbiographerwouldbeonewho（

）.

2.TheauthorcitesthebiographiesofJesusintheBibleinordertoshowthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothepassage?

4.Anunauthorizedbiographyislikelytoattractmorereadersbecause（

）.

5.Inthispassage,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.possessesspecialprivateinformationandissympathetictowardthesubject

B.isclosetothesubjectandknowsthetechniquesofbiographywriting

C.isindependentandtreatsthesubjectwithfairnessandobjectivity

D.knowsthesubjectsverywellandyetmaintainsaproperdistancefromhim

问题2选项

A.biographiescanservedifferentpurposes

B.biographiesareauthenticaccountsoftheirsubject’slives

C.thebestbiographiesarethoseofheroesandfamousfigures

D.thebestbiographiesaremeanttotransformtheirreaders

问题3选项

A.Anauthenticbiographyseldomappealstoitsreaders.

B.Anauthenticbiographyisoneauthorizedbythesubject.

C.Authorizedbiographieshaveawiderreadership.

D.Noonecanwriteaperfectbiography.

问题4选项

A.itportraysthesubjectbothfaithfullyandvividly

B.itrevealsalotofaccuratedetailsunknowntooutsiders

C.itcontainsinterestinginformationaboutthesubject'sprivatelife

D.itusuallygivesasympatheticdescriptionofthesubject'scharacter

问题5选项

A.thesecretofabiographertowinmorereaders

B.thedifficultyofabiographerinfindingtheproperperspectivetodohisjob

C.thetechniquesrequiredofabiographertowriteagoodbiography

D.thecharacteristicofdifferentkindsofbiographies.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第二段的最后一句“tothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.”要想成功，作家必须意识到这些，并根据主题对它们进行评估，选好相应的位置。选项D符合原文。

2.根据第三段的第一句“Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive...”当他们的主人公是英雄或著名人物时，传记往往透露出一种民主动机。这与第二段的最后一句相呼应。所以选项A符合原文。

3.根据最后一段的最后一句“Wesenseintuitivelythatnooneisinapositiontotell‘the’storyoflife,perhapsnoteventhesubject,andthishasbeenprovedbythehistoryofbiography.”没有人能够讲述“生命的故事，甚至可能连主题都没有，传记的历史已经证明了这一点。所以选项D正确。

4.根据第四段的第三句“'Unauthorized'biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiographer.”未经授权的传记也有其吸引力，因为它们能表明传记作者思想的独立性。选项C符合句意。

5.这篇文章主要是描述传记作者很难找到合适的视角来完成他的工作。选项B更符合主题

2.单选题

Inthetwodecadesbetween1910and1930,overtenpercentoftheBlackpopulationoftheUnitedStateslefttheSouth,wherethepreponderanceoftheBlackpopulationhadbee8nlocated,andmigratedtonorthernstates,withthelargestnumbermoving,itisclaimed,between1916and1918.Ithasbeenfrequentlyassumed,butnotproved,thatthemajorityofthemigrantsinwhathascometobecalledtheGreatMigrationcamefromruralareasandweremotivatedbytwoconcurrentfactors:thecollapseofthecottonindustryfollowingthebollweevilinfestation,whichbeganin1898,andincreaseddemandintheNorthforlaborfollowingthecessationofEuropeanimmigrationcausedbytheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWarin1914.Thisassumptionhasledtotheconclusionthatthemigrants’subsequentlackofeconomicmobilityintheNorthistiedtoruralbackground,abackgroundthatimpliesunfamiliaritywithurbanlivingandalackofindustrialskills.

ButthequestionofwhoactuallylefttheSouthhasneverbeenrigorouslyinvestigated.AlthoughnumerousinvestigationsdocumentanexodusfromruralsouthernareastosoutherncitiespriortotheGreatMigration,noonehasconsideredwhetherthesamemigrantsthenmovedontonortherncities.In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,”thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.TheGreatMigrationcouldeasilyhavebeenmadeupentirelyofthisgroupandtheirfamilies.Itisperhapssurprisingtoarguethatanemployedpopulationcouldbeenticedtomove,butanexplanationliesinthelaborconditionsthenprevalentintheSouth.

Aboutthirty-fivepercentoftheurbanBlackpopulationintheSouthwasengagedinskilledtrades.Somewerefromtheoldartisanclassofslaveryblacksmiths,masons,carpenterswhichhadhadamonopolyofcertaintrades,buttheyweregraduallybeingpushedoutbycompetition,mechanization,andobsolescence.Theremainingsixty-fivepercent,morerecentlyurbanized,workedinnewlydevelopedindustriestobacco,lumber,coalandironmanufacture,andrailroads.WagesintheSouth,however,werelow,andBlackworkerswereaware,throughlaborrecruitersandtheBlackpress,thattheycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs.Thus,amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed,andtheeasyconclusiontyingtheirsubsequenteconomicproblemsintheNorthtotheirruralbackgroundcomesintoquestion.

1.Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?

2.Inthepassage,theauthoranticipateswhichofthefollowingasapossibleobjectiontoherargument?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueofwagesinsoutherncitiesin1910?

4.TheauthorciteseachofthefollowingaspossibleinfluencesinaBlackworker’sdecisiontomigratenorthintheGreatMigrationEXCEPT（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthe“easyconclusion”mentionedinline16ofthelastparagraphisbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

6.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

7.Accordingtoinformationinthepassage,whichofthefollowingisacorrectsequenceofgroupsofworkers,fromhighestpaidtolowestpaid,intheperiodbetween1910and1930?

8.Thematerialinthepassagewouldbemostrelevanttoalongdiscussionofwhichofthefollowingtopics?

问题1选项

A.UnitedStatesImmigrationServicereportsfrom1914to1930.

B.Payrollsofsouthernmanufacturingfirmsbetween1910and1930.

C.Thevolumeofcottonexportsbetween1898and1910.

D.Thefederalcensusof1910.

问题2选项

A.ItisuncertainhowmanypeopleactuallymigratedduringtheGreatMigration.

B.TheeventualeconomicstatusoftheGreatMigrationmigrantshasnotbeenadequatelytraced.

C.Itisnotlikelythatpeoplewithsteadjobswouldhavereasontomovetoanotherareaofthecountry.

D.Itisnottruethattheterm“manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits”actuallyencompassestheentireindustrialsector.

问题3选项

A.Theywerebeingpushedlowerasaresultofincreasedcompetition.

B.Theyhadbeguntorisesothatsouthernindustrycouldattractruralworkers.

C.Theyhadincreasedforskilledworkersbutdecreasedforunskilledworkers.

D.Theyhadincreasedinlargesoutherncitiesbutdecreasedinsmallsoutherncities.

问题4选项

A.wagelevelsinnortherncities

B.laborrecruiters

C.competitionfromruralworkers

D.votingrightsinnorthernstates

问题5选项

A.Peoplewhomigratefromruralareastolargecitiesusuallydosoforeconomicreasons.

B.Mostpeoplewholeaveruralareastotakejobsincitiesreturntoruralareasassoonasitisfinanciallypossibleforthemtodoso.

C.Peoplewithruralbackgroundsarelesslikelytosucceedeconomicallyincitiesthanthosewithurbanbackgrounds.

D.Mostpeoplewhowereonceskilledworkersarenotwillingtoworkasunskilledworkers.

问题6选项

A.Supportanalternativetoanacceptedmethodology

B.Presentevidencethatresolvesacontradiction

C.Introducearecentlydiscoveredsourceofinformation

D.Challengeawidelyacceptedexplanation

问题7选项

A.ArtisansintheNorth;artisansintheSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersinthesouth.

B.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheSouth.

C.ArtisansintheNorth;unskilledworkersintheNorth;artisansintheSouth.

D.ArtisansintheNorthandSouth;unskilledurbanworkersintheNorth;unskilledruralworkersintheSouth.

问题8选项

A.ThereasonsforthesubsequenteconomicdifficultiesofthosewhoparticipatedintheGreatMigration.

B.TheeffectofmigrationontheregionaleconomiesoftheUnitedStatesfollowingtheFirstWorldWar.

C.ThetransitionfromaruraltoanurbanexistenceforthosewhomigratedintheGreatMigration.

D.ThetransformationoftheagriculturalSouthfollowingthebollweevilinfestation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据文中第二段“In1910over600,000Blackworkers,ortenpercentoftheBlackworkforce,reportedthemselvestobeengagedin‘manufacturingandmechanicalpursuits,’thefederalcensuscategoryencompassingtheentireindustrialsector.1910年，超过60万名黑人工人(占黑人劳动力的10%)自称从事“制造业和机械制造业”，这是联邦人口普查涵盖整个工业部门的数据。”确定联邦政府在1910年做了一次人口普查。D选项正确。其他三项均未在文中提到。

2.推理判断题。文章第二段末尾提到南方恶劣的务工条件致使很多有工作的人迁徙到北方。C选项‘拥有稳定工作的人不太可能有理由搬到美国的另一个地区’与之相矛盾。所以C选项符合题意。在文章第二段开头作者提到，人们从来没有真正调查过究竟是些什么人迁徙出了南方，也没有人知道在“大移民”之前的移民潮中是否也有人迁徙到北方一些城市。因此，A、B排除。很显然，制造业和机械业不能包含整个工业领域。所以D项排除。

3.细节判断题。根据文中最后一段“Afterthebollweevilinfestation,urbanBlackworkersfacedcompetitionfromthecontinuinginfluxofbothBlackandWhiteruralworkers,whoweredriventoundercutthewagesformerlypaidforindustrialfobs在棉铃象鼻虫泛滥之后，城市黑人工人面临着来自持续涌入的黑人和白人农村工人的竞争，他们被迫降低了以前为工厂工人支付的工资”。确定A选项‘由于竞争加剧，它们的工资被压低了‘符合题意。

4.细节判断题。题目的意思是‘作者引用了以下尽可能在北方黑人工人决定迁移的影响在大迁移除外…….‘，D选项‘选举权’并未在文章中提到，符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目意思是‘从文章中可以推断，最后一段第16行提到的“easyconclusion”是基于以下哪一个假设?’题目中“easyconclusion”指黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关。文章第一段最后提到来自农村的工人对城市生活不习惯和缺乏必要的技能可能会对北方的经济流动性产生影响。最后一段末尾作者指出“amovenorthwouldbeseenasadvantageoustoagroupthatwasalreadyurbanizedandsteadilyemployed向北搬迁将被视为对一个已经城市化、就业稳定的群体有利”。结合这两处，可以得出C选项‘与城市背景的人相比，农村背景的人在城市获得经济成功的可能性更小。’符合题意。

6.观点态度题。本文第一段对“大移民”进行了简单的描述，并引出了为众人所接受的结论，即黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关。接下来作者开始反驳。第二段指出究竟是些什么人以及在大移民之前是否有人已经迁徙到北方都无人考究。最后一段指出移居到北方的黑人中，有35%的人是技能型工人，而另外的65%的人从事于新兴产业，他们都已经变得更加城市化。最后总结对于一些已经适应城市生活和能容易找到工作的人来说，他们迁徙到北方将是有利的，并提出黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关是有待考究的。本文的写作目的是D选项“对广为接受的结论提出挑战”。

7.事实细节题。根据文章第三段“theycouldearnmoreevenasunskilledworkersintheNorththantheycouldasartisansintheSouth.即使是北方的非技术工人，他们也能比南方的工匠挣得更多”。因此可以得知工资最高的应该是ArtisansintheNorth,其次是unskilledworkersintheNorth,然后是artisansintheSouth,最后是unskilledworkersintheNorth.所以C选项符合题意。

8.主旨大意题。本文主要是反驳黑人迁徙到北方之后引起的经济问题和他们的农村出身有关这样一个结论。大篇幅阐述了大移民运动后北方经济问题产生的原因。因此A选项‘参与大迁移的人后来经济困难的原因’符合题意。

3.单选题

Environmentalistsmaygetoffonterrifyingclimatechange,butmostpeoplejustturnaway.“Ifitwasreallysobad,they’ddosomething,”saysonecolleague.ThehumantendencytoconvinceyourselfthateverythingisOK,becausenooneelseisworried,isdeeplyseated.

Ourtendencytoshrugoffresponsibilityseemstoholdtrueevenwhenweourselvesareindanger.JohnDarleyandBibbLataneaskedaseriesofcollegestudentstositinaroomandfilloutaquestionnaire.Whensmokestartedtopourintotheroomthroughavent,theothers,allactors,ignoreditandwentonwritingcalmly.Ninetypercentofsubjectscopiedtheactors,evenwhenthesmokebecamesothickthattheycouldbarelyseeandwerecoughing.Butsubjectswhowerealoneintheroom,underthesameconditions,almostallreportedthesmokeasanemergency.Thatisanastonishingfinding—thattheinactionofotherpeoplecanmakeusunderestimatethreatstoourownsafety.

Inthepastfewweekswehavebeentold,byreputablesources,thattheoceansarewarmingfasterthananyonepredicted.Thatspeciesarebecomingextinctahundredtimesfasterthanfossilsrecord.Thatweareapproachingtippingpointsthatmaymakeclimatechangeirreversible.Thisstuffmakesmefeelprettydesperate.Iwouldthinkthatotherpeoplewouldworrytoo.ButthenIgototheoffice,andtofriends’houses,andnoonementionsit.Nordothepoliticians.Despitethenoisefromgreengroups,welookforget-outclauses.Weblameothercountriesorbigcorporations.Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.

Couldwesendtheherdintheotherdirection?Maybe.TenyearsafterDarleyandLatane’ssmokeexperiment,anotherprofessorArthurBeamanshoweditsfilmstohisstudents.Heexplainedthepsychology.Andinfuturethosestudentswere,apparently,almosttwiceaslikelyasotherstoreacttohelpotherpeople.

InJanuaryIcountedaToyotaPriushybridcaronalmosteveryoneoftherichstreetsinapartofLondonjusteastofmyhouse.YesterdayIdidanothercount.Theyseemedtohaveincreasedtotwoorthree.Thatisthepowerofimitation,forpeoplewhocanaffordit.Buthowdoyougetotherpeopletoimitatebehaviorthatislessvisible:buyingless,travelinglessorchangingtheirelectricitysupplier?Theanswersmustsurelylieinsocialetiquette.Ifweareprogrammedtoactlikelemmings,thenwemustgivesomepeopleincentivestobreakoutandpublicizetheiractivities.

Thesmokeiscomingupthroughthevent.Ifenoughpeoplestarttalkingaboutthesmoke,perhapsotherswillstarttoseeittoo.Andifenoughpeopleact,therestmayfollow.Forthat,itseems,ishumannature.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatpeopletendto

（

）.

2.Infaceofenvironmentaldegradation,mostpeopleare（

）.

3.ProfessorArthurBeaman'sexperimentshowsthat

（

）.

4.Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertocounterclimatechange,（

）.

问题1选项

A.beoptimisticaboutchangesoccurringaround

B.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreats

C.havetheirjudgmentsinfluencedbyothers

D.waitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst

问题2选项

A.feelingunabletoassumesuchabigresponsibility

B.endeavoringtofindoutitscauses

C.imitatingothers'inaction

D.tryingtoprotectthemselves

问题3选项

A.it’shumannaturetoshrinkfromresponsibility

B.environmentaleducationshouldbeginwiththeyoungpeople

C.therewillbemanymorewhoarereadytohelpothers

D.properguidancecanmakepeoplemoreconcernedaboutclimatechange

问题4选项

A.moreattentionshouldbepaidtopsychologicalaspects

B.imitationshouldbeminimizedoravoided

C.morepopularizationshouldbedoneaboutitsdanger

D.somerestrictionsshouldbemadeonpeople’sspendingpattern

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段和第二段主要讲了人的从众性心理，第一段借助同事说的Ifitwasreallysobad,they'ddosomething（如果真的那么糟糕，他们会做些什么）来表示人们总是指望其他人去行动；通过第二段中的“烟雾实验”对比的结果可知，其他人的不作为会使我们低估对我们自身安全的威胁，因此D选项“等别人先采取行动”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的内容可知，面对环境恶化，除了来自环保主义的声音，没有人提及关心这个严峻的问题，采取不作为的态度。这个深层次的原因是Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.（与大脑中提醒我们自我生存的那一部分相比，我们大脑中用来模仿他人的那一部分占了上风。当我们面临的威胁复杂且具长期性时，更是如此）可知C选项“效仿他人的不作为”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章第四段讲述了教授通过让学生观看影片并用心理学知识加以解释，会使这些学生将来的行动的积极性提高，可推测在正确的引导下，人们行动的积极性可以提高，根据文章提到气候变化，因此D选项“适当的指导可以使人们更加关注气候变化”最为恰当。

4.主旨大意题。文章首先通过分析指出，从众心理使人们面对气候变化缺乏行动，然后指出正确利用从众心理可以使人们行动起来，全文一直都是从心理角度来提出解决气候变化的问题，因此A选项“应该更关注心理学层面”符合题意。

4.单选题

Indigitalelectronics,signalsarebrokendownintothousands,maybemillions,（）,whichareencodedaszerosandones.

问题1选项

A.ofinformation

B.ofbitsofinformation

C.oflittleinformation

D.ofmuchinformation

【答案】B

【解析】考查单复数。information“信息，消息，资料；情报”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，也不能在前面加“a”。如果“一则消息”可以说apieceofinformation，“许多信息”是manypiecesofinformation。bitofinformation是固定搭配，指“信息单位，信息比特”，例句：Asitiscapableofholdingasinglebitofinformationatanyinstant.（因为它是一座能够容纳一个单一的信息比特，在任何瞬间。）句意：在数字电子学中，信号被分解成数千、甚至数百万个信息比特，这些比特被编码为0和1。故本题的正确答案是B选项。

5.单选题

Youhavenothingto（）byrefusingtolistentoouradvice.

问题1选项

A.gain

B.win

C.reach

D.profit

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项gain“获得；增加”；B选项win“赢”；C选项reach“达到；延伸”；D选项profit“获利；有益”。句意：你不听我们的建议对你……。由固定搭配Youhavenothingtogain（你没有好处）结合此处语境，A选项正确。

6.单选题

Attheconferenceyesterday,ourdifferenceswerefurther（

）.Thenextstepistoworkoutasolutionacceptabletobothsides.

问题1选项

A.narroweddown

B.cooleddown

C.drivenhome

D.broughtabout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。narrowdown意为“缩减，压缩，减少”；cooldown意为“变凉，冷却，冷静”；drivehome意为“开车回家”；bringabout意为“导致，引起”。

句意：在昨天的会议上，我们的分歧进一步缩小了。下一步是制定一个双方都能接受的解决方案。

7.单选题

Beingoutofwork,Lanecannolonger（）friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.

问题1选项

A.urge

B.treat

C.appeal

D.compel

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。urge“催促”；treat“对待，款待，请客”；appeal“呼吁，恳求，上诉”compel“强迫，迫使”。句意：因为现在没有工作，Lane不能再像以前那样请她的朋友们吃晚餐，看电影了。B项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thecurrentgeneralslacknessofthemarkethaspreventedusfrom（）neworderswithyou.

问题1选项

A.placing

B.putting

C.arranging

D.providing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意和选项可知本题考查固定搭配placeorderwithsb.“向某人发出订单”，因此选项B、C、D均不符合题意，选项A为正确选项。句意：目前市场普遍不景气，使我们无法向贵方下新订单。

9.单选题

Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming（）.

问题1选项

A.dwarfed

B.incorporated

C.correlated

D.blurred

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dwarfed“矮小的”；B选项incorporated“合并的”；C选项correlated“有互相关系的”；D选项blurred“模糊的，记不清的”。句意：在当今的工作世界中，男性和女性的角色正变得越来越（）。按照选项和题干的意思，可以判断出此处想要表达的意思是“男性角色和女性角色的（边界）变得越来越模糊。”因此D选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

(36)Formany,theglobalfinancialandeconomiccrisishasconfirmedexistinganti-globalizationsentimentsandisbeingreflectedinoppositiontomoreliberalizedtrade.Underthedislocationcausedbythefinancialcrisis,manycountriesareattemptingtocurtailimportsorimposeotherrestrictionsontrade.AtboththeG-20Leaders’Summitandthemeetingsoffinanceministersandcentralbankgovernors,participantsagreedtofightallformsofprotectionismandmaintainopentrade.However,inMarch2009,WorldTradeOrganizationDirector-GeneralPascalLamystatedthatmembersoftheWTOwereshowinga“worryingtendencytowardincreasedtradeprotectionismasaresultofthedeepeningglobaleconomiccrisis.”

(37)Theovertformsofprotectionismorbeggar-thy-neighborpoliciesarelimitedbyrulescountrieshaveagreedtoasmembersoftheWTO.However,thereisamplescope,forincreasesintradebarriersthatareconsistentwithWTOrulesandobligations,includingincreasesinappliedtariffstohigherboundlevels.IfallWTOmembersraisedtheircurrentlyappliedtarifftotoday’sWTOboundrates,tariffsworldwidewoulddouble.TheWTOhassaidthatsuchincreasesintradebarrierscouldcauseworldtradetoshrinkbyupto8%andreduceglobalwelfarebyupto$350billion.

Almostanygovernmentinterventionintoeconomicactivityaffectsinternationaltradeandcapitalflows.Sincegovernmentinterventiongenerallyisinfluencedbypoliticalconsiderationsandmayinvolvetaxdollars,itusuallyfavorsdomesticconstituenciesattheexpenseofforeignconstituencies.(38)Adangerintheprocessofrecoveringfromtheglobalfinancialcrisisisthatcountriesmaytrytocapturealargershareofadecliningvolumeofinternationaltraderatherthanattempttoinducerecoveryintradeflowsbyhelpingtheirmacro-economiesreturntohealth.IntheUnitedStates,the“BUYAmerican”provisionintheFebruary2009stimuluspackagehasbeencharacterizedbysomeasastepdowntheslipperyslopeleadingtoprotectionismandasign,worryingtomany,thattheUnitedStatesmaynotbealeaderofthefree-tradeinitiativesintheyearsahead.TheEuropeanUnionhasraisedquestionsaboutwhetheritsprovisionsarecompatiblewithU.S.internationaltradecommitmentseventhoughtheprovisionappliesonlytosteel,iron,andmanufacturedgoodsusedinconstructionprojectsandlanguagewasincludedthattheprovision“shallbeappliedinamannerconsistentwithUnitedStatesobligationsunderinternationalagreements.”(39)Thecriticismfromothernationsofthisprovisionappearstobebasedonbothitspresumedeffectsandthefearthatevenarelativelysmall“BuyAmerican”provisionatthistimecouldsetaprecedentthatcouldopenthefloodgatesandprovidetheexcuseforacycleof“creepingprotectionism”byothernations.

【答案】36.对许多人来说，全球金融和经济危机证实了现有的反全球化情绪，并且反映在反对更加自由化的贸易。在金融危机造成的混乱下，许多国家正试图减少进口或施加其他贸易限制。

37.对世贸组织成员国而言，公开形式的保护主义或以邻为壑的政策受限于他们所同意的规则。然而，符合世贸组织规则和义务的贸易壁垒仍有很大的增加空间，包括将适用关税提高到更高的上限。

38.在从全球金融危机中复苏的过程中，一个危险在于，各国可能会试图从不断下降的国际贸易量中分得更大的份额，而不是试图通过帮助其宏观经济恢复健康来促进贸易流动的复苏。2009年2月，美国发布经济刺激计划，其中包括“购买美国货”的条款，有的人把这视为导致保护主义的滑坡路，也是一个令许多人担心的迹象，这表明美国在以后可能不再领导自由贸易计划。

39.其他国家对这一条款的批评似乎是基于其假定影响和人们的担心，即使是目前规模相对较小的“购买美国货”条款也可能开创先例，进而打开闸门，为其他国家的“渐进式保护主义”循环提供借口。

11.单选题

I（

）withtheBrownsduringmystayinNewYorkCity.

问题1选项

A.putin

B.putdown

C.puton

D.putup

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我在纽约市逗留期间和布朗一家人过了一夜。

短语辨析。Putin度过，消磨（时间等）;putdown写下，记录;puton上演，演出;putup供给……住宿。因此D符合句意。

12.单选题

ThesuccessfullaunchoftheSpecialOlympicGameshasdemonstratedthat___Shanghaiiswellonitswaytobecomeoneofthemostinternalizedmetropolisesworldwide.

问题1选项

A.imperceptibly

B.conceivably

C.deceivably

D.imaginatively

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项imperceptibly“极微地；微细地；察觉不到地”；B选项conceivably“可以想象的是，可以想得到的是；可能的是；可以理解的是”；C选项deceivably没有该单词；D选项imaginatively“想象上地”。句意：特别奥林匹克运动会的成功举办表明，___，上海正在成为世界上最国际化的大都市之一。本句表示“可以想象……”。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Priorto1975,unioneffortstoorganizepublic-sectorclericalworker,mostofwhomarewomen,weresomewhatlimited.Thefactorsfavoringunionizationdrivesseemtohavebeeneitherthepresenceoflargenumbersofworkers,asinNewYorkCity,tomakeitworththeeffort,ortheconcentrationofsmallnumbersinoneortwolocations,suchasahospital,tomakeitrelativelyeasy.Receptivitytounionizationontheworkers,partwasalsoaconsideration,butwhentherewerelargenumbersinvolvedortheclericalworkersweretheonlyunorganizedgroupinajurisdiction,themulti-occupationalunionswouldoftentrytoorganizethemregardlessoftheworkers’initialreceptivity.Thestrategicreasoningwasbased,first,ontheconcernthatpoliticiansandadministratorsmightplayoffunionizedagainstnonunionizedworkers,and,second,ontheconvictionthatafullyunionizedpublicworkforcemeantpower,bothatthebargainingtableandinthelegislature.Inlocalitieswhereclericalworkerswerefewinnumber,werescatteredinseveralworkplaces,andexpressednointerestinbeingorganized,unionsmoreoftenthannotignoredtheminthepre-1975period.

Butsincethemid-1970’s,adifferentstrategyhasemerged.In1977,34percentofgovernmentclericalworkerswererepresentedbyalabororganization,comparedwith46percentofgovernmentprofessionals,44percentofgovernmentblue-collarworkers,and41percentofgovernmentserviceworkers.Sincethen,however,thebiggestincreasesinpublic-sectorunionizationhavebeenamongclericalworkers.Between1977and1980,thenumberofunionizedgovernmentworkersinblue-collarandserviceoccupationsincreasedonlyabout1.5percent,whileinthewhite-collaroccupationstheincreasewas20percentandamongclericalworkersinparticular,theincreasewas22percent.

Whataccountsforthisupsurgeinunionizationamongclericalworkers?First,morewomenhaveenteredtheworkforceinthepastfewyears,andmoreofthemplantoremainworkinguntilretirementage.Consequently,theyareprobablymoreconcernedthantheirpredecessorswereaboutjobsecurityandeconomicbenefits.Also,thewomen’smovementhassucceededinlegitimizingtheeconomicandpoliticalactivismofwomenoftheirownbehalf,therebyproducingamorepositiveattitudetowardunions.Theabsenceofanycomparableincreaseinunionizationamongprivate-sectorclericalworker,however,identifiestheprimarycatalystthestructuralchangeinthemulti-occupationalpublic-sectorunionsthemselves.Overthepasttwentyyears,theoccupationaldistributionintheseunionshasbeensteadilyshiftingfrompredominantlyblue-collartopredominantlywhite-collar.Becausetherearefarmorewomeninwhite-collarjobs,anincreaseintheproportionoffemalemembershasaccompaniedtheoccupationalshiftandhasalteredunionpolicy-makinginfavoroforganizingwomenandaddressingwomen’sissues.

1.Accordin