考研考博-英语-上海政法学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海政法学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

PutthefollowingIwopassagesintoChinese.

Eternaltruthswillbeneithertruenoreternalunlesstheyhavefreshmeaningforeverynewsocialsituation.Itisthefunctionofeducation,thefunctionofallofthegreatinstitutionsoflearningintheUnitedStales,toprovidecontinuityforournationallife—totransmittoyouththebestofourculturethathasbeentestedinthefireofhistory.Itisequallytheobligationofeducationtotrainthemindsandthetalentsofouryouth;toimprove,throughcreativecitizenship,ourAmericaninstitutionsinaccordwiththerequirementsofthefuture.Wecannotalwaysbuildthefutureforouryouth,butwecanbuildouryouthforthefuture.

Fameisverymuchlikeananimalchasingitstailwho,whenhecapturesit,doesnotknowwhatelsetodobuttocontinuechasingit.Fameandcelebritythataccompaniesit,forcethefamouspersontoparticipateinhisorherowndestruction.Ironic,isn’tit?Thosewhogainfamemostoftengainitasaresultofpossessingasingletalentorskill:singing,dancing,painting,orwriting,etc.Thesuccessfulperformerdevelopsastylethatismarketedaggressivelyandgainssomepopularity,anditisthispopularitythatusuallyconvincestheperformertocontinueperforminginthesamestyle,sincethatiswhatthepublicseemstowantandtoenjoy.Butintime,theperformerbecomesboredsingingthesamesongsinthesamewayyearafteryear,orthepainterbecomesboredpaintingsimilarscenesorportraits,ortheactoristiredofplayingthesamecharacterrepeatedly.Thedemandofthepublicholdstheartisttohisorherownsuccess,fame.Iftheartistattemptstochangehisorherstyleofwritingordancingorsinging,etc.,theaudiencemayturnawayandlooktoconferfameonanotherandthen,intime,onanother,andsoonandsoon.

【答案】永恒的真理如果不在新的社会形势下赋予新的意义，它要么就不是真理，要么就不是永恒的。它是教育的功能，是美国所有伟大学府的功能，为我们国家的生活提供延续——把我们在历史的烈火中经受住考验的精华文化传给年轻人。教育同样有责任培养我们青年一代的思想和才能；通过创造性的公民身份来改善我们美国的制度，使之符合未来的要求。我们不能为我们青年创造未来，但是我们能针对未来造就我们的青年。

名誉很像一只追逐自己尾巴的动物，在抓住之后除了继续追逐外，不知道还有其它什么事可做。随之而来的名望迫使名人参与到他/她自己的毁灭中。很讽刺，不是吗？那些成名的人往往是因为拥有某种才能或技能：唱歌，跳舞，绘画或者写作等。成功的表演者发展成一种风格，在市场上非常受欢迎，正因为受欢迎，表演者继续以同样的风格表演，因为这似乎是公众想要并且所欣赏的。但随着时间的推移，表演者厌倦了年复一年地用同样的方式唱同一首歌，画家厌倦了画同样的场景或者肖像或者演员不想再重复出演同样的角色。公众的需求使艺术家得以成名。如果这个艺术家试图改变他/她的写作、跳舞或者歌唱风格等，观众可能会转身把名誉给另外一个人，然后随着时间的推移再给另一个人，如此反复下去。

2.单选题

Afterthedisasterofflood，peoplealloverthevillagemade_________efforttorebuildtheirhome.

问题1选项

A.superfluous

B.tenuous

C.strenuous

D.fatuous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。superfluous“多余的，不必要的”；tenuous“无关紧要的”；strenuous“费力的，紧张的”；fatuous“愚笨的，昏庸的”。句意：洪灾过后，全村的人们都努力重建家园。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Theteacherwantedtomakethestudentsrealizethatreadinggoodliteratureisagoodwaytobroadentheir（）.

问题1选项

A.vision

B.horizon

C.scope

D.expansion

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。vision“幻觉”;horizon“眼界，地平线”;scope“范围”;expansion“扩充”。句意：这位老师想让学生们意识到读一些好的文学作品是开阔视野的一个好的方法。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Nancy’sgonetoworkbuthercarisstillthere.She（）bybus.

问题1选项

A.musthavegone

B.shouldhavegone

C.oughttohavegone

D.couldhavegone

【答案】A

【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项musthavegone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项shouldhavegone和C选项oughttohavegone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项couldhavegone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

5.单选题

AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformationsintheancientcentersofurbancivilizationoftheFertileCrescent.Thefinaldestructionofnativeruleandtheimpositionofanalienelitecultureinstigatedaculturaldiscourse—Hellenism—whichirrevocablymarkedallparticipants,bothconquerorsandtheconquered.Thisdiscoursewasparticularlycharacterizedbyatransformationofindigenousculturaltraditions,necessitatedbytheirneedtonegotiatetheirplaceinanewsocialorder.AsBowerstockhasargued,theprocessofHellenizationdidnotaccomplishthewholesalereplacementofindigenousculturaltraditionswithGreekcivilization.Instead,itprovidedanewculturalvocabularythroughwhichmuchpre-existingculturaltraditionwasoftenabletofindnewexpression.Thisphenomenonisespeciallyintriguingasitrelatestolanguageandliteracy.TheancientcivilizationsoftheSyro-MesopotamianandEgyptianculturalsphereswere,ofcourse,literate,possessingindigenousliterarytraditionsalreadyofgreatantiquityatthetimeoftheMacedonianconquests.ThedisenfranchisementoftraditionalelitesbytheimpositionofGreekrulehadtherelatedeffectofdisplacingmanyofthetraditionalsocialstructureswhereinindigenousliteracyfunctionedandwastaught—inparticular,theinstitutionsofthepalaceandthetemple.Anewlanguageofpower,Greek,replacedthetraditionallanguageoftheseinstitutions.Thishadtheunavoidableeffectofdisplacingthetraditionalwritingsystemsassociatedwiththeseindigenouslanguages.Traditionalliteracy’slongstandingassociationwiththecentersofsocialandpoliticalauthoritybegantobeeroded.

Naturally,theeclipseoftraditional,indigenousliteracydidnotoccurovernight.ThedeclineofCuneiformandHieroglyphicliteracieswasalengthyprocess.Norwasthenatureoftheirrespectivedeclinesidentical.Akkadian,theancientlanguageofMesopotamiancourtandtempleculture,vanishedforever,alongwithcuneiformwriting,inthefirstcenturyCE.EgyptianlivedonbeyondthedisappearanceofhieroglyphicinthefourthcenturyCEintheguiseofCoptic,tosuccumbasaliving,spokenlanguageofdailysocialintercourseonlyaftertheIslamicconquestofEgypt.Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch.Thislatterpointdrawsattentiontoanaspectofthedeclineoftheseindigenousliteraciesworthyofnote:itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest,aftertheyhavebeensupersededinpalacecircles—thelastdatedcuneiformtextwehaveisanastrologicaltext;thelastdatedhieroglyphictextisavotivegraffito.Thisshouldcauselittlesurprise.Thesphereofreligionisgenerallyoneofthemostconservativeofculturalsubsystems.Thelocalneedtonegotiatethenecessitiesofdailylifeandindividualandcollectiveidentityembodiedintraditionalreligiousstructuresisslowtochangeandexistsinongoingdialoguewiththemorereadilychangeableroyaland/orstateideologiesthatbindvariouslocalestogetherinaninstitutionalframework.

Theprocessof“Hellenization”oftheancientculturesoftheEasternMediterraneanprovidesus,then,withanopportunitytoobservetheon-goingeffectontraditional,indigenousliteracyoftheimpositionofanewstatuslanguagepossessedofitsowndistinctwritingsystem.Theculturalpoliticsofwrittenandspokenlanguage-useinsuchcontextshasbeenmuchdiscussedanditisclearthattheprocessesleadingtotheadoptionofanewlanguage—inwrittenform,orspokenform,orboth—insomeculturalspheresandtheretentionoftraditionallanguagesinothersarecomplex.Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguagefromabove,adoptionofanewlanguageofsocialprestigefrombelow,aswellaspreservationofolderidiomsoftraditionalstatusincoreculturalinstitutions,musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.

1.ThelanguagesthathavetosomeextentmanagedtosurviveHellenizationdidsoinwhatarea?

2.Whichaspectofsociety,accordingtothepassage,isoneofthemostresistanttochange?

3.Inthefirstparagraph,yousawtheunderlinedworddisenfranchisement.Choose,amongthefollowingexpressions,theclosestinsimilarmeaning（

）.

4.WhowastheleaderoftheMacedonianConquest?

5.Accordingtothepassage,cantheimpositionofaforeignlanguageandculturebringaboutrapidchangeinalloftheconqueredpeople’sinstitutions?

问题1选项

A.Inpalacecircles.

B.Ingovernmentalinstitutions.

C.Inthereligioussphere.

D.Inphilologicalcircles.

问题2选项

A.Monarchicalinstitutions.

B.Religiousinstitutions.

C.Linguisticnorms.

D.Stateideologies.

问题3选项

A.Theremovalofpower,rightand/orprivilege.

B.Astrongsenseofdisappointment.

C.Theprohibitionoftherighttoconductbusiness.

D.Thelossofsocialposition.

问题4选项

A.KingPhilipofMacedon.

B.PericlesofAthens.

C.AlexandertheGreat.

D.TheOttomanEmpire.

问题5选项

A.Yes,courtlifewillchangetoremainfunctional,anditwillaffectallotherinstitutions.

B.No,apparentlyitaffectsdifferentpartsofsocietyindifferentwaysatdifferentspeeds.

C.Itisn’tclearfromthepassage,butitmayhappenquickly.

D.Yes,thespeedatwhichasociety’sinstitutionsareaffectedbyaconqueringpowerwouldbequiterapid.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段，提到“itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest”，这些读写能力正是在宗教领域保持得最久，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第二段第六句提到“Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch”，即使这样，科普特语至今仍是科普特东正教会的礼拜仪式语言，也就是宗教机构最抗拒改变。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.词义题。词语所在句表示“希腊的统治迫使传统经营的公民权被剥夺”，下一句紧接着说到，新的政权语言——希腊语取代了这些机构的传统语言。因此disenfranchisement指的就是权利或特权的剥夺。A选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到“AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformations”，说明是亚历山大大帝在征服地中海东部后发起了一系列深刻的文化变革。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第三段说到“Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguage…musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.”强迫接受一种新语言会以不同的方式、速度影响到被征服社会的不同部门。因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thepresidentoftheboardalwaysgiveshisdirectionsso______thateveryonecanunderstandthem.

问题1选项

A.simply

B.explicitly

C.largely

D.shortly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项simply“简单地；朴素地；坦白地”；B选项explicitly“明确地；明白地”；C选项largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；D选项shortly“立刻；简短地；唐突地”。句意：总统总是使他的方向……，让每个人都能理解他们。根据everyonecanunderstandthem.（每个人都能够理解他们），可推测，要使每个人都能理解他们，总统会让他的方向通俗易懂。结合句意，A选项正确。

7.单选题

Whenyoupackthepears,pleasebecarefulsothattheywon’tget（

）.

问题1选项

A.bruised

B.blushed

C.injured

D.mature

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。bruise意为“撞伤，擦伤”；blush意为“脸红，羞愧”；injure意为“(尤指在事故中)伤害，损害”；mature意为“成熟”。

句意：当你打包梨子时，请小心点，不要把梨子摩擦坏了。

8.单选题

Agoodscientist（

）intoallaspectsofaprobleminordertofindsolutions.

问题1选项

A.pricks

B.pokes

C.probes

D.peers

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。prick意为“刺，扎，戳”；poke意为“戳，捅”；probe意为“追问，探究”；peer意为“凝视”。

句意：一个好的科学家会探究一个问题的所有方面去找到解决方案。

9.单选题

Ourgenerationhasmadesuchimmensediscoveriesandachievedsuchundreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflife,thatithaslosttouchwiththeinsideoflife.Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance:richesandbeautiesthatgofarbeyondourmodernchatteraboutvaluesandideals.Themind'ssearchformorebreadthhasobscuredtheheart'scravingformoredepth.Onceagainmanhasbecomethedupeofhisowncleverness.Andbecauseitisdifficulttoattendtomorethanafewthingsatatime,weleaveoutagreatrangeofexperienceswhichcomesinbyanotherrouteandtellsusofanotherkindoflife.Ourinterestrushesouttothefarthestlimitsoftheuniverse,butweseldomtakeasoundingoftheoceanbeneathourrestlesskeels.Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.Thusthelifeofthehumanspirit,whichoughttomaintainabalancebetweentheworldvisibleandtheworldinvisible,isthrownoutofgear.

1.Whichofthefollowingmaybestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

2.Theauthorofthispassageimplieshisconcernoverman's（）

3.Theauthorsuggeststhatmanneedsto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthepassage?

5.Whatissomethingthatweareleavingoutaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Man'sNeedforWisdom.

B.TheInvisibleWorld.

C.TheHeartandMindofMan.

D.TheGrowthofKnowledge.

问题2选项

A.inhumanitytoothermen

B.emphasisonthematerialisticinlife

C.explorationsinthefarthestlimitsoftheuniverse

D.lackofknowledgeofthevisibleworld

问题3选项

A.becleverer.

B.learntodomorethanonethingatatime

C.givemoreattentiontothespirit

D.becomemoresocial

问题4选项

A.Thesoulofmenisrestless.

B.Peoplespendtoomuchtimeinidletalk.

C.Manistooconcernedwiththingsofthespirit.

D.Manshouldsearchformorebreadthinhislife.

问题5选项

A.Immensediscoveries

B.Undreamedenrichmentsoftheoutsideoflife

C.Wisdom

D.Knowledge

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。这段文章主要讲述了人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况。文章的倒数第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”进行了点题,人们的知识增长了,但智慧却远远落后,所以人们需要智慧。

2.判断推理题。根据上一题可以知道,文章就是在说人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况,所以由此推断,作者担心的是人类过于关注物质世界。选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。福据文章中的Ithasforgottenthetruerichesandbeautiesofitsspiritualinheritance。可以知道作者还是很希望大家更多的关注内在世界,所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据文中“Weget,therefore,aqueerfeelingthatweareleavingsomethingout.”我们有一种奇怪的感觉,觉得我们遗漏了什么。选项B说的是表象,选项C和D错误。所以只有选项A符合原文。

5.细节事实题。根据文中的倒数第二句“Knowledgehasgrown;butwisdom,savoringthedeepwonderandmysteryoflife,lingersfarbehind.”由此推断,人们遗失的是智慧。

10.单选题

Aterribletrafficaccidenthappened;peopleweresaddenedwhentheywatchedthe（）sightonTV.

问题1选项

A.panic

B.patriotic

C.pathetic

D.periodic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项panic“恐慌的”；B选项patriotic“爱国的”；C选项pathetic“可怜的、悲哀的”；D选项periodic“周期的、定期的”，句意为：一场可怕的交通事故发生了。人们从电视上看到这悲惨的场面时都感到很难过。因此选项C符合题意。

11.不定项选择题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid-1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessesheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1910s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patient’sfightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingdaytodaycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

1.Whichofthefollowinghappenedinmentalinstitutionsaftereconomicdepression?

2.Itcanbeinferredthat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnotpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whoisresponsibleforsurveillanceofgoodpatientcare?

5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto（）.

问题1选项

A.Patientsbecameinflexibleandinsensitive.

B.Fewerpatientsledtoshortageoffundsandinhumanecare.

C.Morepatientswerereluctanttogethelpfromphysicians.

D.Patientsweredisappointedtoliveinasylums.

问题2选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题3选项

A.agroupofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1910s

C.innocentinsanepatient’sprotest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

问题4选项

A.Thestatecourts.

B.Thepublicinterestlawyers.

C.Thestatementalhealthadministrators.

D.Thehospitals.

问题5选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.精神病院变得人满为患，像监狱一样。”和“Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.精神病院成了令人恐惧和沮丧的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“病人变得僵硬和麻木”，与原文不符；B项“病人减少导致资金短缺和不人道的护理”，与原文不符；C项“更多的病人不愿意得到医生的帮助”，与原文不符；D项“病人住在精神病院里很失望”，因此D选项正确。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“国家将永远不会为精神病人建立精神病院”，与原文不符；B项“针对主要精神病的新治疗将可能仍然未被检验”，与原文不符；C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的，与原文不符；D项“精神病院的条件可能逃脱了司法审查”，因此D选项正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.当时，民权运动促使律师们调查美国的监狱，因为那里的黑人比例不成比例，他们转而跟踪囚犯进入唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病罪犯医院。”和“Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.这些年轻的公益律师骨干喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。”可知B项与原文相符。A项“20世纪一群愤怒的年轻人”，与原文不符；B项“20世纪10年代活跃的年轻律师”；C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”，与原文不符；D项“强大的法院干预”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“...administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.……管理人员必须承诺制定规则和标准，并提供培训和监督，以确保给予治疗和尊重患者的权利。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“州法院”；B项“公益律师”；C项“国家精神卫生行政人员管理员”；D项“医院”，因此C选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。全文主要讲述了美国对于精神患者治疗的发展进程，可知A项与原文相符。A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”；B项“提高公众对精神病患者困境的认识”；C项“对精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”；D项“描述一种新的精神疾病治疗方法的发明”，因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

WhenA.PhilipRandolphassumedtheleadershipoftheBrotherhoodofSleepingCarPorters,hebeganaten-yearbattletowinrecognitionfromthePullmanCompany,thelargestprivateemployerofBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatesandthecompanythatcontrolledtherailroadindustry’ssleepingcarandparlorservice.In1935theBrotherhoodbecamethefirstBlackunionrecognizedbyamajorcorporation.Randolph’seffortsinthebattlehelpedtransformtheattitudeofBlackworkerstowardunionsandtowardthemselvesasanidentifiablegroup;eventually,Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers.

InthePullmancontestRandolphfacedformidableobstacles.ThefirstwasBlackworkers’understandableskepticismtowardunions,whichhadhistoricallybarredBlackworkersfrommembership.AnadditionalobstaclewastheunionthatPullmanitselfhadformed,whichweakenedsupportamongBlackworkersforanindependententity.

TheBrotherhoodpossessedanumberofadvantages,however,includingRandolph’sowntacticalabilities.In1928hetooktheboldstepofthreateningastrikeagainstPullman.Suchathreat,onanationalscale,underBlackleadership,helpedreplacethestereotypeoftheBlackworkerasservantwiththeimageoftheBlackworkeraswageearner.Inaddition,theporters’veryisolationaidedtheBrotherhood.Porterswerescatteredthroughoutthecountry,sleepingindormitoriesinBlackcommunities;theirsegregatedlifeprotectedtheunion’internalcommunicationsfrominterception.Thattheporterswereahomogeneousgroupworkingforasingleemployerwithsinglelaborpolicy,thussharingthesamegrievancesfromcitytocity,alsostrengthenedtheBrotherhoodandencouragedracialidentityandsolidarityaswell.Butitwasonlyintheearly1930sthatfederallegislationprohibitingacompanyfrommaintainingitsownunionswithcompanymoneyeventuallyallowedtheBrotherhoodtobecomerecognizedastheporters’representative.

Notcontentwiththistriumph,RandolphbroughttheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor,whereitbecametheequaloftheFederation’s105otherunions.Hereasonedthatasamemberunion,theBrotherhoodwouldbeinabetterpositiontoexertpressureonmemberunionsthatpracticedracerestrictions.Suchrestrictionswereeventuallyfoundunconstitutionalin1944.

1.Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.

2.Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingabouttheresponseofporterstothePullmanCompany’sownunion?

4.ThepassagesuggeststhatifthegrievancesofportersinonepartoftheUnitedStateshadbeendifferentfromthoseofportersinanotherpartofthecountry,whichofthefollowingwouldhavebeenthecase?

5.ThepassagesuppliesinformationconcerningwhichofthefollowingmattersrelatedtoRandolph?

问题1选项

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustries

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunion

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolph

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkers

问题2选项

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunion

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidable

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920s

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunions

问题3选项

A.Fewporterseverjoinedthisunion.

B.Someporterssupportedthisunionbefore1935.

C.Porters,morethanotherPullmanemployees,enthusiasticallysupportedthisunion.

D.Theporters’responsewasmostpositiveafter1935.

问题4选项

A.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultforthePullmanCompanytohavehadasinglelaborpolicy.

B.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtocontrolitschannelsofcommunication.

C.ItwouldhavebeenmoredifficultfortheBrotherhoodtobuilditsmembership.

D.ItwouldhavebeeneasierforthePullmanCompany’suniontoattractmembership.

问题5选项

A.ThestepshetooktoinitiatethefoundingoftheBrotherhood.

B.HismotivationforbringingtheBrotherhoodintotheAmericanFederationofLabor.

C.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationoverturningracerestrictionsin1944.

D.Theinfluencehehadonthepassageoflegislationtobarcompaniesfromfinancingtheirownunions.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,by1935theskepticismofBlackworkerstowardunionswas____.根据这篇文章，到1935年，黑人工人对工会的怀疑____。

A.unchangedexceptamongBlackemployeesofrailroad-relatedindustriesA.是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外

B.reinforcedbytheactionsofthePullmanCompany’sunionB.是被普尔曼公司工会的行动加强的

C.mitigatedbytheeffortsofRandolphC.是通过伦道夫的努力被减轻的

D.weakenedbytheopeningupofmanyunionstoBlackworkersD.是由于许多工会向黑人工人开放而被削弱的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段最后“伦道夫在这场斗争中的努力帮助改变了黑人工人对工会和他们自己作为一个可识别群体的态度；最后，伦道夫帮助削弱了工会对黑人工人的敌对情绪（Randolphhelpedtoweakenorganizedlabor’santagonismtowardBlackworkers）。”这种敌对情绪的削弱可以推断黑人对工会的怀疑态度被削弱。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“是不变的除了铁路相关行业的黑人雇员外”，根据推断可知，这种怀疑是被削弱了而不是不变的，该选项属于反向干扰；

B选项“是被普尔曼公司工会的行动加强的”，根据推断可知这种怀疑被削弱了而不是加强的，该选项属于反向干扰；

D选项“是由于许多工会向黑人工人开放而被削弱的”，文章并没有说许多工会开放，该选项属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Inusingtheword“understandable”(Para.2),theauthormostclearlyconveys____.

在使用“understandable”这个词时（第2段），作者最清楚地表达了____。

A.sympathywithattemptsbytheBrotherhoodbetween1925and1935toestablishanindependentunionA.对兄弟会在1925年至1935年间建立独立联盟的企图表示同情

B.concernthattheobstaclesfacedbyRandolphbetween1925and1935wereindeedformidableB.对伦道夫在1925年至1935年间所面临的障碍确实是可怕的担忧

C.ambivalenceaboutthesignificanceofunionstomostBlackworkersinthe1920sC.20世纪20年代大多数黑人工人对工会意义的矛盾心理

D.appreciationoftheattitudeofmanyBlackworkersinthe1920stowardunionsD.对20世纪20年代许多黑人工人对工会的态度的理解

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词Paragraph2与题干信息词mostprevioussurveys可定位到第二段“第一个原因是黑人工人对工会的怀疑态度，这是可以理解的（understandable），因为工会历来禁止黑人工人加入工会。”因为工会禁止黑人加入，所以黑人对工会有怀疑态度，这是可以理解的。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对兄弟会在1925年至1935年间建立独立联盟的企图表示同情”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“对伦道夫在1925年至1935年间所面临的障碍确实是可怕的担忧”，文中可以理解的是理解黑人工人对工会的怀疑态度而非该选项所指的含