考研考博-英语-中南林业科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中南林业科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.(10points)

Asindividuals,trademagazinereadersarebusy,concernedaboutsavingtime,anddelugedinformation.Chancesaregoodthattheywillskimmorethantheyread,andtheywill“read”manyarticlesbyselectingonlysectionsthatappealtothem.

Moreover,thereadershipofanymagazineconsistsofanassortmentofsubgroups.Thismaysoundlikeitcontradictswhatwehavesaidearlieraboutthenarrowfocusoftrademagazines.Butreallythereisnocontradiction:Sometrademagazines—“horizontal”or“functional”magazinesarecreatedspecificallytoembracediverseaudiencesofreaderswhoshareaparticularinterest.(TakeforexampleFolio,whichisreadbymagazineprofessionalsofalldisciplines—editorial,circulation,advertising,andproduction.)Buteveninthenarrowest“vertical”magazine,therewillbesubgroups.Attheveryleast,amagazinewillhavesubcategoriesbasedonexperience—beginnersseekingasecurefootinginthefield,secureprofessionalsseekingtoexpandtheiralreadysubstantialknowledge,andexpertswhowanttokeepcurrentonandlearnofnewdevelopments,butwhomayreadthemagazineasmuchtofindoutwhatpeopleinthefieldthinkorareworkingon.

Theseobservationsallleadtothesameconclusions:Wheneveryouwrite,youshouldassumethatmostofyouraudiencewillreadyourarticleinanalteredform.Somewillskim,takinginthegeneraloutlines,andpausinghereandtheretoabsorbdetails.Otherswillhuntdownisolatedfactsthatinterestthem.Stillotherswillreadyourstoryinadifferentorderthanyouintended,orwillattempttousethestoryinamanneratcrosspurposestoyourintention—treatingatechnicalarticleasaphonebookofinformationresources,orextractingintelligenceoncompetitorsfromaprofileofamajorsupplier.Nomatterhowtheyreadyourstory,yourreaderswillprobablybeworkingquickly.Theyneedinternalsummariesofmaterialtheymaynotreadinfull,andlabels—verbalortypographic—tohelpthemfindwhattheyarelookingfor.

【答案】【参考译文】

另外，任何杂志的读者群都可再分为数种各不相同的类型组。这听起来可能与前面所说贸易杂志的目标范围通常较窄有矛盾，但事实上这并不矛盾：有些杂志，即所谓“垂直型”或“功能型”杂志，就是为形形色色却有一特定兴趣的读者编的。（例如FOLIO杂志，就是为所有学科的杂志的专业编辑人员——写社论的、搞发行的、做广告的、管印发的人——编的。）不过即使是最狭窄意义上的“垂直型”杂志，其读者也还是能按类型分组的。至少，可以按经验多少来区分杂志的读者：初次涉猎者希望在该领域站稳脚跟，专业有成者希望能拓展自己已经相当充分的知识领域，而专家们则希望紧跟形势，了解最新进展，同样也想了解本领域其他人士在想什么，做什么。

2.单选题

Livingwitharoommate（

）constraintonher—shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhave

partieslateatnight.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.illustrated

C.impressed

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。impose“强加”，imposeon意为“强加于……”；illustrate“阐明，解释说明，图解”，后一般接动词by；impress“给予某人深刻印象”，impresson意为“给……留下印象”；left“留下，离开”。句意：和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭，也不能在深夜参加聚会。选项A更符合语境，表示无形中施加的一种压力。

3.单选题

Itistimethattheworldcalleda（）tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:interruption“中断；打断”；B:pause“暂停”；C:cease“终止”；D:halt“停止；阻止（停止某项事情的进展）”。句意：现在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的时刻。根据语境可知D为正确答案。

4.单选题

Towriteasummaryeffectively,youwillneedto—（）wordsforphrases,phrasesforsentences,andgeneralentrancesforlistsofdetails.

问题1选项

A.convert

B.complement

C.substitute

D.constitute

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。convert转换,使转变；complement补足，补助；substitute代替；constitute组成，构成。substitutefor代替。句意：为了写好一篇摘要，你需要用单词替代短语，用短语替代句子，用主旨替代细节。故C项正确。

5.翻译题

SectionAEnglishtoChinese(20points)

TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

Economistsdon’tforecastbecausetheyknow,theyforecastbecausethey’reasked.(36)Aquestionthatisincreasinglyputtothemiswhetherinflation,whichhasbeenremarkablyquiescentforyears,willspringasurprisein2016.Afterall,thedebttroublesthathaveweigheddownricheconomiessince2007arefading;labormarketsinAmerica,BritainandGermanyareincreasinglytight;housingmarketsaregatheringsteam;andtheFederalReservehasjustraisedinterestratesforthefirsttimeinalmostadecade.

InflationinAmericaandEuropeshouldindeedpickupfromitspresent,near-zerostateasthebigdeclinesinenergypricesattheturnof2015dropoutoftheheadlinerate.Butaglutinthesupplyofcrudemeansthatoilpricesarefallingagain.(37)Ifdebtisrecedingasaprobleminrichcountries,itloomslargerinemergingmarkets,whereovercapacitybroughtonbybinge（放纵、沉溺）borrowingexertsadownwardforceonprices.Thereisinflationincommodity-exportingcountries,suchasBrazil,whosecurrencieshavebeentrashed.Butglobalinflationisatug-ofwarbetweenbottlenecksinpartsoftherichworldandimporteddeflationfromemergingmarkets,andtheenduringfallorstagnationofpriceslookssettodominateforawhileyet.

StartwithSaudiArabia.Thefallingpriceofcrudeisinpartaconsequenceofitscommitment(reiteratedbyOPECministersonDecember4th)toproduceatfulltilt.TheideaistoflushouttheweakerproducersinAmerica’sshale-oilindustryandelsewhere.(38)Thisisprovingacostlygambit.SaudiArabianeedsabarrelofoiltofetcharound$85tofinancepublicspendingandaround$60tokeepitscurrentaccountinbalance.Yettheoilpricerecentlyfellbelow$36,toan11-yearlow,beforereboundingalittle.Americahassustainedoilproductionofabove9mbarrelsaday,despiteasharpfallinthenumberofoilrigs,suggestingthatshalefirmsarebecomingmoreefficient.

Oneoutcomefromcontinuedlow-flationwillbeincreasinglylopsidedeconomiesintherichworld,particularlyinAmerica,whererecoveryismoreadvancedthaninEurope.(39)Ifproductivitystaysasweakasithasbeenrecently,unemploymentislikelytofallstillfurther.Atthesametime,slowgrowthinemergingmarketsislikelytokeepdownwardpressureoncommoditypricesandontheircurrencies.AstrongdollarhasalreadydrivenawedgebetweentheperformanceofAmerica’smanufacturingandserviceindustries.FurtherappreciationwouldmakeitharderfortheFederalReservetopushthroughmoreincreasesininterestrates.

【答案】36.一个问题越发常见：沉寂多年的通货膨胀，会否在2016年突然爆发。毕竟，自从2007年以来，拖累经济发展的债务问题正在消退；美国、英国和德国的劳动力市场日趋紧张；房地产市场正蓄势待发；最近美联储近十年来第一次提高利率。

37.如果发达国家的债务不再是一个问题，那就会隐现在新兴市场，过度借贷迫使价格下降而导致生产力过剩。巴西等商品出口国出现了通货膨胀，货币已经贬值。但是全球通货膨胀是部分发达国家的瓶颈期和新兴市场的输入型通货紧缩之间的拉锯战，而持久的价格下跌或停滞看来还会持续一段时间。

38.事实证明，这是一个代价高昂的策略。沙特阿拉伯需要每桶石油卖85美元才能支撑公共支出，需要卖60美元才能维持收支平衡。然而，最近油价在回升之前跌破36美元，创11年新低。

39.如果生产力持续疲软，失业率可能会进一步下降。与此同时，新兴市场的缓慢增长可能会给大宗商品价格和货币带来下行压力。强势美元已在美国制造业和服务业之间造成了裂痕。进一步升值将使美联储更难推动进一步加息。

6.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtwoparagraphsintoChinese,

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournals,buthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

It’saroughworldoutthere.Stepoutsideandyoucouldbreakalegslippingonyourdoormat.Lightupthestoveandyoucouldburndownthehouse.Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcoiningdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.

【答案】

有多少人会考虑苹果掉到树上的可能性？牛顿这样考虑过，是因为他没有试图预测任何事情。他只是好奇。他的思想已准备好应付不可预测的事。不可预测性是研究本质的一部分。如果没有不可预测的事物，就没有研究。科学家们在为专业的期刊撰写枯燥的报告时更倾向于不去研究那些自己难以捉摸的事，但历史上充满了这样的例子。

外面是一个危险的世界。如果你走到外面去，可能会滑倒在门垫上，摔伤一条腿。如果你点燃炉子，可能会把房子烧掉。幸运的是，如果门垫或炉子没有发出制造灾难的警告，一次成功的诉讼可能会补偿你所受的损失。从20世纪80年代初，人们的想法就是这样的了，那时候陪审团认为商家对消费者的不幸应该负担更多的责任。

7.单选题

Undergraduatestudentshaveno

totherarebooksintheschoollibrary.

问题1选项

A.access

B.entrance

C.opportunity

D.path

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。accessto“接近，有权使用”。句意：本科生无法去图书馆使用里面的珍贵书籍。选项A符合题意。

8.单选题

TheTacoma'sexecutivedirectorandthreeportcommissionerswillbeinChinanextweekto_______advicefromworldportexpertsonimprovinginlandtransportationsystems.

问题1选项

A.discriminate

B.disperse

C.differentiate

D.glean

【答案】D

【解析】discriminate歧视,区别；disperse（使）分散,疏散；differentiate区别,区分;glean收集。句意：塔科马港执行董事和三名港务专员将于下周访问中国，听取世界港口专家关于改善内陆运输系统的建议。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichweliveastoreofwordsaswellasagreedconventions（

）thesewordsshouldbearrangedtoconveyaparticularmessage.

问题1选项

A.asthewaybywhich

B.bythewayinwhich

C.astothewayinwhich

D.inthewayofwhich

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我们每个人都与我们所生活的社会分享着大量的词汇以及约定的惯例，……这些词汇排列组合起来后可以表达特定意义。后半句是对前半句中约定的惯例进一步解释，因此只有C选项“至于这种惯例（方式）”可将前后衔接起来。

10.单选题

PeoplesaythatJohnSmithisveryeccentric.

问题1选项

A.neat

B.nervous

C.odd

D.proud

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE考查形容词词义辨析。题目中eccentric为“古怪的（人）；反常的”A选项为“整洁的；干净的”；B选项为“神经的；紧张不安的”；C选项为“古怪的；临时的；奇数的”；D选项为“自豪的；得意的”。由句意可知，人们说约翰斯密斯是个非常古怪的。因此，正确答案是C项。

11.单选题

Thecompanycanconstantlymonitorthelevelofheatandenergyandadjust（）.

问题1选项

A.accordingly

B.basically

C.conventionally

D.subjectively

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项accordingly“相应地”；B选项basically“基本地”；C选项conventionally“传统地”；D选项subjectively“主观地”。题干意思：公司可以不间断地监控热量和能源的指数，并且（）进行调整。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.Wordsareusedtodescribeonlyasmallpartofthemanyideasweassociatewithanygivenmessage.Sometimeswecangaininsightintosomeofthoseassociationsifwelistenformorethanwords.

Wedon'talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon'tmeananythingexcept“I'mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon'treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI'msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI'mfeeling."Mostlywemeanseveralthingsatonce.Apersonwantingtopurchaseahousesaystothecurrentowner."ThisstephastobefixedbeforeI'llbuy."Theownersays,"It'sbeenlikethatforyears."Actually,thestephasn'tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:"Idon'twanttofixit.Weputupwithit.Whycan'tyou?"Thesearchforamoreexpansiveviewofmeaningcanbedevelopedbyexaminingamessageintermsofwhosaidit,whenitoccurred,therelatedconditionsorsituation,andhowitwassaid.

Whenamessageoccurscanalsorevealassociatedmeaning.Letusassumetwocouplesdoexactlythesameamountofkissingandarguing.Butonecouplealwayskissesafteranargumentandtheoiliercouplealwaysarguesafterakiss.Theorderingofthebehaviorsmaymeanagreatdealmorethanthefrequencyofthebehavior.Afriend'sunusuallydocilebehaviormayonlybeunderstoodbynotingthatitwasprecededbysituationsthatrequiredanabnormalamountofassertiveness.Someresponsesmaybedirectlylinkedtoadevelopingpatternofresponsesanddefylogic.Forexample,apersonwhosays"No”toaserialsofchargeslike“You'redumb.”“You'relazy,”and“You'redishonest,”mayalsosay“No”andtrytojustifyhisorherresponseifthenextstatementis“Andyou'regoodlooking.”

Wewoulddowelltolistenforhowmessagesarepresented.Thewords,“Ifsurehasbeen

nicetohaveyouover,”canbesaidwithemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.Thephrasecanbesaidonceorrepeatedseveraltimes.Andthemeaningsweassociatewiththephrasewillchangeaccordingly.Sometimesifwesaysomethinginfrequentlyitassumesmoreimportance;sometimesthemorewesaysomethingthelessimportanceitassumes.

1.“I'mlettingoffsomesteam”inparagraph2means（

）.

2.Effectivecommunicationisrenderedpossiblebetweentwoconversingpartners,if

（

）.

3.Thehouse-owner'sexampleshowsthatheactuallymeans

（

）.

4.Theword"ritualistically"inthelastparagraphequalssomethingdone（

）.

问题1选项

A.I'mjustcallingyourattention.

B.I'mjustkidding.

C.I'mjustsayingtheopposite.

D.I'mjustgivingoffsomesound.

问题2选项

A.theyuseproperwordstocarrytheirideas

B.theybothspeaktrulyoftheirownfeelings

C.theytrytounderstandeachother'sideasbeyondwords

D.theyarecapableofassociatingmeaningwiththeirwords

问题3选项

A.thestephasbeenlikethatforyears.

B.hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytofixthestep.

C.theconditionofthestepisonlyaminorfault.

D.thecostinvolvedinthefixingshouldbeshared.

问题4选项

A.withouttrueintention

B.light-heartedly

C.inawayofceremony

D.withlessemphasis

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由“Wedon’talwayssaywhatwemeanormeanwhatwesay.Sometimesourwordsdon’tmeananythingexceptI’mlettingoffsomesteam.Idon’treallywantyoutopaycloseattentiontowhatI’msaying.JustpayattentiontowhatI’mfeeling.我们并不总是言出必行。有时候我们说的话没有任何意义，只是在发泄。我真的不希望你仔细听我说的话。但是请注意我的感受。”可知B项“我在开玩笑”正确。答案B。

第2题:细节事实题。由第一段中的“Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsarederivedfromsomanyothersourcesthatitwouldhinderoureffectivenessasapartnertoarelationshiptorelytooheavilyonwordsalone.词汇确实给我们提供了一些信息，但它的意义来自于如此多的其他来源，以至于过多依赖言语会阻碍我们与他人交流的有效性。”可知D项正确，不能太依赖字面意思，而是要根据具体语境去联想，这样才能增加交流的有效性。答案D

第3题:细节事实题。由“Actually,thestephasn’tbeenlikethatforyears,buttheunspokenmessageis:‘Idon’twanttofixit…’事实上，这个台阶已经很多年来不是这样的，但其中隐含的信息是：‘我不想把它修好……’”对应可知B项正确。

第4题:词义题。此题可以根据排除法来做。由“withemphasisandexcitementorritualistically.”可知这句话“如果你能来那真是太好了”可以用强调、兴奋或仪式性的语气说出来。可先排除B、D项，A项“没有真正的意图”也不符合。所以ritualistically意为仪式地。答案Ctically只可能与C项意思接近，答案C

13.单选题

Histhoughtswere（

）fromthispainfultopicbythesuddenarrivalofaneighbor.

问题1选项

A.attracted

B.retracted

C.distracted

D.protracted

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。attract“吸引”；retract“撤销，撤回”；distract“分散”；protract“延长，伸出”。句意：以为邻居的突然到来分散了他的对于痛苦主题的关注。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

SomereportersandcommentatorsindulgedindiscreetcriticismofshortcomingsinSovietlife.

问题1选项

A.harsh

B.intensive

C.cautious

D.rational

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.harsh残酷的，严酷的B.intensive密集的

C.cautious小心的，谨慎的D.rational合理的，理性的，明智的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】discreet的意思为“（言行）谨慎的，考虑周到的”，用来形容criticism，指的是记者和评论员对苏联生活的批判是经过周全考虑的，是谨慎的，cautious与之词义相近，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】部分记者和评论员对苏联生活的缺点进行了谨慎的批判。

15.翻译题

AsianAmericans.AsiansintheUnitedStatesincludemanynationalities:AsianIndians,Chinese,Filipino,Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,andother.AsianAmericanshavebeenheraldedasthenewest“hotethnicmarket”.Thedemographicssupportthisoptimisticoutlook.Asoftheyear2000,approximately11millionAsianswerelivingintheUnitedStates.By2025theU.S,CensusBureauhasprojectedthatnearly22millionAsianswillresidehere.Thoughthe2.4millionChinesearethelargestgroupofAsianslivingintheUnitedStates,AsianIndiansgrewthefastestduringthedecadefrom1990to2000,withthatpopulationdoublingandnowtotaling1.7millionintheUnitedStates.

AsianAmericansonaveragearebettereducated,havehigherincomes,andoccupymoreprestigiousjobpositionsthananyothersegmentofAmericansociety.ThemedianhouseholdincomeforAsianAmericansinonerecentyearwas$46,700comparedwithmedianincomesof$40,600,$30,300,and$25,900forwhites,HispanicsandAfricanAmericansrespectively.

ItisimportanttoemphasizethatjustasthereisnosingleblackorHispanicmarket,therecertainlydoesnotexistasingleAsianmarket.Moreover,unlikeotherethnicgroups,suchasHispanics,whoshareasimilarlanguage,AsianAmericansspeakavarietyofuniquelydifferentlanguages.AmongAsiannationalitiesthereareconsiderabledifferencesinproductchoicesandbrandpreferences.EvenwithineachnationalitytherearevariationsintermsofEnglishlanguageskillsandfinancialwell-being.Indeed,itisestimatedthatover50percentofallAsianAmericansovertheageof5donotspeakEnglishfluentlyandmanyare“linguisticallyisolated”insofarastheyliveinhomeswherenoadultsspeakanyEnglish.

【答案】【参考译文】亚裔美国人。在美国的亚洲人包括很多民族：印度人、中国人、菲律宾人、日本人、韩国人、越南人和其他民族。亚裔美国人一直被视为是最新的“热门族裔市场”。人口统计数据支持这一乐观前景。截止2000年，大约有1100万亚洲人生活在美国。美国人口普查局预计，到2025年，将会有近2200万亚洲人居住在这里。虽然240万中国人是生活在美国的最大亚洲人群体，但亚裔印度人在1990年到2000年的十年间增长最快，人数翻了一番，现在总计达到170万。

与美国社会的其他阶层相比，亚裔美国人平均受教育程度更高，收入更高，占据着更有声望的职位。亚裔美国人的中等家庭收入在最近的一年为4.67万美元，而相比之下的白人、西班牙裔和非洲裔美国人中等家庭的收入分别为4.06万美元、3.03万美元和2.59万美元。

需要强调的是，正如没有单一的黑人或西班牙裔市场，当然不存在一个单一的亚裔市场。此外，与其他民族不同，比如拥有类似语言的西班牙裔民族，亚裔美国人讲着各种独特不同的语言。亚裔各民族之间在产品选择和品牌偏好上存在相当大的差异。甚至在每个民族中，在英语语言技能和财务状况方面也有不同。据估计，所有5岁以上的亚裔美国人中实际有50%以上的人不能流利地讲英语，并且还有很多人是“语言上被孤立”，因为他们生活的家庭中没有人讲英语。

16.写作题

Directions:YouareaskedtowriteaninvitationlettertoProfessorSmithatOxfordUniversitywhowillattendtheInternationalSymposium2017onEconomyandEnvironmentalProtection,whichwillbehostedbyyouruniversity.Hewillbeoneofthekey-notespeakers,andyoushouldprovidehimwiththenecessaryinformationaboutthissymposium:duration,accommodationandtransportation.

1)Thetitleshouldbe“AnInvitationLetter”.

2)Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

3)Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.

【答案】【参考范文】

AnInvitationLetter17.翻译题

Buildingadegreeoftransportationandinventorycostambiguityintothesystemdesignwillallowonetoestimatehighandlowvaluesforthesecosts,withthecomfortthatcostswillcomeinbetweentheseworstandbestcases.Globalsourcingsystemsarealsodynamiccreatures,subjecttochangeandimprovementovertime.Itisessentialthattheperformanceofthesourcingsystembemonitoredbyallpartiestothepartnershiptomaintainitscommonfocus.Severaladditionalitemsshouldbeconsideredwheneverinternationalsourcingisanalternativeforafirm:possibleuseofchildlabor,changingtariffstructures,foreigntradezones,exportingforassemblyinbond,andcountertrade.

【答案】

在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。

18.单选题

Thescientisthasmadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,（

）isofgreatimportancetoscience.

问题1选项

A.whichIthink

B.whichIthinkit

C.ofwhichIthink

D.Ithinkwhich

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。which指代先行词discovery，在从句中作主语，Ithink作插入语时，引导词应放在其前面，因此选A。句意：这位科学家又有了一个了不起的发现，我认为这个发现这对科学很重要。

19.填空题

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithfivequestions.Afteryouhavereadthepassage,answereachquestioninEnglish.WritedownyouransweronANSWERSHEET.

Alanguageisasystemofsounds,gestures,orcharactersusedbyhumanstocommunicatetheirideasandfeelings.Thereareabout4,000spokenlanguagesintheworld.Somearespokenbymillionsofpeople.Otherlanguageshaveonlyafewspeakers.

Alllanguageshaverulesforformingwordsandfororderingthosewordsinsentences.Inwrittenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofcharactersandrulesforcombiningthosecharacters.Inspokenlanguages,meaningisexpressedthroughasystemofsoundsandrulesforcombiningthosesounds.Manydeafpeopleusesignlanguages,inwhichgesturesdotheworkofthesoundsystemofspokenlanguages.

WordorderismoreimportantinEnglishthanitisinsomeotherlanguages,suchasRussian.ThesoundsystemisveryimportantinChineseandinmanylanguagesspokeninWestAfrica.

Languagesarealwayschanging,buttheychangeveryslowly.Peopleinventnewwordsfortheirlanguage,borrowwordsfromotherlanguages,andchangethemeaningsofwordsasneeded.Forexample,theEnglishwordbytewasinventedbycomputerspecialistsin1959.TheEnglishwordtomatowasborrowedfromNahuat,anAmericanIndianlanguagespokeninMexico.TheEnglishwordmeatoncereferredtofoodingeneral.

Thereareseveralmajorlanguagefamiliesintheworld.Thelanguagesineachfamilyarerelated,andscientiststhinktheycamefromthesameparentfamily.Languagefamiliescomeindifferentsizes.TheAustronesianfamilycontainsatleast500languages,includingPilipino,Malay,andMaori.TheBasquelanguage,spokeninnorthernSpain,istheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily.

TheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilycontains55languages,includingEnglish,German,Spanish,Russian,andHindi.AnotherlanguagefamilyisSino-Tibetan,whichincludesChinese,Burmese,andTibetan.TheAfro-AsiaticfamilyincludesArabic,Hebrew,andAmharic.Thereareabout150AmericanIndianlanguagesspokentoday.Theselanguageshavemanydifferencesandhavebeendividedintomorethan50languagefamilies.

Peoplelearnlanguagesbylistening,copyingwhattheyhear,andusingthelanguage.Mostchildrenlearntheirfirstlanguageseasily,andsometimesotherlanguagesaswell.Adultsoftenmustworkharderatlearningasecondlanguage.

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?

【答案】1.About4,000spokenlanguages.

2.Formingwordsandorderingthosewordsinsentences.

3.Bygestures.

4.Wordorder.

5.TheBasquelanguage.

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Howmanylanguagesarespokenallovertheworld?1.世界上有多少种语言？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】第一段第二句提到“世界上大约有4000种语言”可知，答案为“大约4000种”。

2.【选项释义】

2.Whatarethelanguagerulesfor?2.语言规则是什么？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“所有的语言都有构词和排列句子的规则”可知，语言规则是“构词和排列句子”。

3.【选项释义】

3.Howismeaningexpressedinsignlanguage?3.如何用手语表达意思？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“许多聋人使用手语，在手语中，手势起到了口语声音系统的作用”可知，聋人通过手势表达自己的意思。

4.【选项释义】

4.WhatismoreimportantinEnglishcomparedwithotherlanguages?4.与其他语言相比，英语中什么更重要？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第三段第一句“词序在英语中比在其他一些语言中更重要，比如俄语”可知，英语中词序更重要。

5.【选项释义】

5.Whichlanguageistheonlymemberofitslanguagefamily?5.哪一种语言是其语系的唯一成员？

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第五段最后一句“西班牙北部使用的巴斯克语是该语系的唯一成员”可知，巴斯克语是其语系的唯一成员。

20.单选题

Nowadaysmoreandmorepeopleareinterestedinarrangingtimeforexercisesand（

）toreleasethestresscausedbythefastpaceandpressureoftheirlives.

问题1选项

A.registration

B.illumination

C.mediation

D.meditation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。registration登记；挂号；illumination照明；阐明；mediation调解；调停；meditation冥想；沉思。句意：如今越来越多的人对安排时间锻炼和冥想感兴趣，为了释放生活的快节奏所带来的精神压力。只有D项符合题意。

21.单选题

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight轻微的，纤细的，脆弱的；mild温和的，轻微的；minute微小的。句意：“这盏灯太暗了，我没法看书。”我们不是在什么地方有一个明亮的灯泡吗?”老人说。灯光昏暗用dim来形容，选项A正确。

22.单选题

Toavoidanoilshortage,weshouldadvocatethatmoremachinesmust（

）solarenergyinashorttime,andthismadeothersastonished.

问题1选项

A.accelerate

B.operate

C.generate

D.utilize

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Accelerate“加速”；operate“运行”；generate“产生”；

Utilize“利用”。句意：为了避免石油不足，我们应该倡导在短时间内机器使用太阳能。这种想法让其他人感到震惊。选项D符合题意。

23.单选题

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

问题1选项

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。disheartening“使沮丧”；disheartened“沮丧的”；enlightening“使人领悟的”；enlightened“被启发的”。根据题意，空格中的形容词用来形容news，形容物体用-ing形式的形容词，选项A，D可排除。句意：希望是有帮助的。在暗淡的时光和令人沮丧的消息中，能够保持继续前进。但是希望更让人信服，当我们有理由去相信的时候。选项B符合题意。

24.单选题

InMarch1974oneofthemostastonishingarchaeologicaldiscoveriesofthetwentiethcenturywasunearthedinthecountyofLintong,ShaanxiProvince.Anentirearmyoflife-sizedwarriorsandhorses,buriedformorethan2,200years,begantobeuncovered.Thesereplicashadbeenplacedintrenchesaroundthestill-unexcavatedtombofQinshihuang,theFirstEmperoroftheQinDynasty(221-207B.C.).Eachofthemanyhundredsoflife-sizedwarriorswasconstructedofbakedclayandpaintedwithavarietyofcolors.Mostwereobviouslyintendedasindividualportraits.

Theheadshapesofthesefiguresandtheexpressionsontheirfaceswere,moreorless,individualized,andsoeachmancouldbeidentifiedastohisplaceofregionalorigin.Thesquare-faced,broad-foreheaded,prominent-cheekbone,heavy-featured,big-mouthedandwide-cheekedonesweremodeledafternativesofcentralShaanxi.Theshorter,round-faced,sharp-chinned,andthin-lippedsoldiersweremodeledafterpersonsfromtheprovinceofSichuan.OtherswereclearlyfromGansu,andthereweresomewhoappearedtobemembersofvariousminoritiesinnorthwesternChina.Eachhaditsownhairdo:theoneswithlonghairhadthisknottedattherightsideoftheheadbecausetheQinpeopleesteemedtheright.

TothesurpriseofbothChineseandWesternarchaeologists,afewoftheclaysoldiersshowednon-Chinesecharacteristics,possiblybeingpersonsfromasfarawayasArabiaorPersia.ThiswasparticularlysurprisingbecauseithadlongbeenassumedthattherewerenopersonsfromoutsideChinalivingthereinsuchancienttimes.

Yetacenturylaterthehistoricalrecorddoesindicatelimitedcontactwithforeigners.ThereisonereportintheannalsoftheEasternHanDynasty(A.D.25-220)ofaRomanjugglerwhoarrivedinChinabywayofBurmainA.D.109,andanotherofthearrivalofanenvoyfromMacedoniaataboutthesametime.AndtheRomanhistorianLuciusAnnaeusFlorusmentionsthecomingofaChineseenvoytoRomeasearlyasthereignofAugustus(27B.C.-A.D.14).

ButextensivecontactsbetweenChinaandtheWestdidn'treallybeginuntilthenorthernSilkRoadwasgraduallydevelopedafter138B.C.Thisoverlandroutestartedatpresent-dayXi'anandpassedthroughthe

WesternCorridorbeyondtheYellowRiver,Xinjiang,Farghana(nowUzbekistan),Persia(Iran)andTajik(Iraq)whereitmetwesternboundaryoftheRomanEmpire.

FormorethanathousandyearsthisnorthernSilkRoadprovidedarouteforcaravansthatbroughttoChinadates,saffronpowderandpistachionutsfromPersia;glassbottlesfromEgypt,andmanyotherexpensiveanddesirablegoodsfromotherpartsoftheworld.Andthecaravanswenthomewiththeircamelsandhorsesloadeddownbyboltsofsilkbroca