2023版高三一轮总复习英语北师大版（苏湘）第1部分 选择性必修第4册 UNIT 1 Honesty and responsibility

背诵·句之美欣赏·语之秀1．(行为描写)(2021·潍坊市统一考试)Meanwhile,shesatrestlesslyinherseatwithherfingerscrossed．2．(心理描写)(2021·诸暨市诊断性考试)Takingitinmyhands,Ifeltafewdropsofwarmthonmyhands．3．(人物描写)(2021·广东省四校联考)Instead,Isawatinywomanwithsilverhair,wearinganordinarybluesuit．(2021·厦门外国语学校检测)Sheplacedhersofthandontopofhis．Hewordlesslystaredatherwithtwinklingeyesasshekepthishandinhers,kissedthetopofhishandandthenplaceditonhercheek．Theywerechattinglikelong­lostfriends．课标单词背诵(先填后背)第一组1．barelyadv．刚好；仅仅，勉强可能；几乎不；刚才2．appointmentn．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务3．jawn．颌，下巴4．diamondn．钻石5．worthwhileadj．值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的6．collarn．衣领；颈圈；圈，箍7．blessvt．祝福8．inchn．英寸；少量，短距离9．outlinevt．概述，略述n．概述；轮廓线，略图10．arrestn．&vt．逮捕，拘捕11．wirevt．给(某人)打电报；接通电源n．金属丝；电线；铁丝网12．criminaln．罪犯adj．犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的13．anyhowadv．不过，总之；尽管如此；而且；随便地14．innocentadj．无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n．无辜者，单纯的人15．legaladj．合法的；法律的16．principlen．道德原则；法则；信条17．decentadj．正派的，合乎礼节的；得体的，适当的18．geophysicistn．地球物理学家19．coreadj．核心的，最重要的n．核心，最重要的部分20．resignvt．&vi．辞职，辞去21．wardn．病房22．substantialadj．大量的，价值巨大的；结实的，牢固的第二组23．mineraln．矿物，矿物质24．superbadj．极佳的，卓越的，质量高的25．ashamedadj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬26．forgivevt．&vi．原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)27．cheatvt．欺骗，蒙骗vi．作弊，舞弊28．wrapvt．包，裹，用……缠绕n．披肩，围巾；包裹材料29．parceln．包裹，小包；一块地vt．裹好，打包30．bown．蝴蝶结vi．鞠躬31．nephewn．侄子，外甥32．wrinklen．皱纹；褶皱，皱痕vt．起皱纹，皱起；起褶皱33．phasen．阶段，时期34．mercyn．仁慈，宽恕35．likewiseadv．同样地；也，而且36．deadlinen．最后期限，截止日期37．integrityn．诚实正直；完整，完好38．organicadj．有机的，统一的；绿色的；生物的39．starfishn．海星，星鱼40．discouragedadj．灰心的，泄气的41．garbagen．垃圾；废话42．savingn．节省物，节省；储蓄金43．bonusn．意外收获；奖金，红利44．sowvt．&vi．(sowed，sown)播种，种[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．suspectvt．&vi．怀疑n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象2．pretendvi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为3．quoten．引语，原话vt．&vi．引用，引述；举例说明4．harvestn．收成，收获量；收获季节，收割vt．&vi．收割，捕猎5．virtuen．美德；正直的品性；优点6．faultn．过错，责任；弱点，缺点7．sewvi．&vt．(sewed，sewn)缝，做针线活；缝上用所给词的适当形式填空1．Mr．Bisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspected(suspect)ofdrugdealing．2．Oneofhisgreatestfaults(fault)isthathetalkstoomuch．3．Thismaterialwasthenputintocottonbagswhichwereweighedandthensewn(sew)up．4．Heaskedwhowewereandpretended(pretend)nottoknowus．5．Theprofessorsearchedabookforapassageworthquoting(quote)．6．Brazilharvested(harvest)28millionbagsofcoffeein1991，thebiggestcropforfouryears．7．Amonghermanyvirtues(virtue)areloyalty，courage，andtruthfulness．派生单词语境运用1．appointvt．约定；任命→appointmentn．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务2．relyv．依赖；信赖→reliableadj．可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→reliablyadv．可靠地3．guidevt．指导→guidancen．指导；导航4．disappointvt．使失望；使扫兴→disappointmentn．失望；沮丧→disappointedadj．失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj．令人失望的；令人沮丧的5．guiltn．内疚；犯罪→guiltyadj．感到内疚、惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的6．photographn．照片vt．给……照相→photographern．摄影师，拍照者→photographyn．摄影7．socialadj．社会的→socialistadj．社会主义的n．社会主义者→socialismn．社会主义用所给词的适当形式填空1．MaryandIhadappointedtomeetattheshoppingcenter，butshefailedtokeeptheappointment，soIwasveryangry．(appoint)2．Myfriendisareliableperson，andyoucanrelyonitthathewillgiveyouahand．(rely)3．Tomyparents'disappointment，mydisappointingmathsgradegreatlydisappointedmyparents，andtheirdisappointedlookurgedmetostudyharderthen．(disappoint)4．Notonlyprovidinglearningguidance，butalsohelpingchildrenbuildahealthyandpositiveviewoflife，wecanalsoguidethemtosetuptheirrightdirectioninlife．(guide)5．Whenwefeelguiltyforeitherlettingourselvesorsomeoneelsedown，mostofusarereallyexperiencingfalseguilt．(guilt)6．Mydadwasnotaprofessionalphotographer，buthelovedphotography．(photograph)7．Hethoughtofhimselfasasocialist，buthistheorywasaveryBritishsortofsocialism．(social)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree． AA．固定 B．抛锚 C．担任2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Inall，fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient，we'vegot72hoursatmost． BA．收割 B．采集 C．捕猎[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．teardown 拆毁，拆除2．makeone'sfortune 成功立业，发财3．losecontact 失去联系4．arminarm 臂挽着臂5．underarrest 被逮捕6．atthemercyof 任……处置，对……无能为力7．weighonsb．/sth． 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担8．makecontributionsto 为……作出贡献9．livealie 过骗人的生活，为人虚伪10．franklyspeaking 坦率地说选用左边短语的适当形式填空1．DeterminedtomakehisfortuneinSouthAmerica，MarkTwainsetofffromhishomeforNewOrleansinhisteens．2．Thecitywillteardownthebuildingandcreateapark．3．MotherandsonlostcontactwhenNicholaswasinhisearlytwenties．4．Notonlycrops，butalsofamilyincomeandnutritionareatthemercyofrainclouds．5．Betrueandbehonesttoyourself．Donotlivealie．[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．不定式短语作主语Tolivealifeofhonestyandintegrityisaresponsibilityofeverydecentperson．Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe．这样做是削足适履。2．地点状语位于句首引起的全部倒装Inthedoorwayofastorestoodaman，withanunlitcigarinhismouth．AtthefootofMountTaisits/liesabeautifulmoderncity—Tai'an．一个美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于泰山脚下。3．现在分词短语作状语However，theboywasnotdiscouraged，believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved．Tobeginwith，anewstadiumhasbeenbuiltup，becomingthenewlandmarkinourschool．首先，一座新的体育馆已被建造，成为我们学校的新地标。1．appointment[课本义]n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务[增补义]n．被任命的人，受委任的人(1)makeanappointmentwithsb．与某人约定keep/breakanappointment守/违约(2)appointvt．任命；委派；安排，指定(时间、地点)appointsb．as/tobe．．．任命某人为……appointsb．todosth．委派某人做某事(3)appointedadj．约定的Ihavemadeanappointmentwithmydentisttohavemytoothpulledoutthisafternoon．今天下午我和牙医约好给我拔牙了。attheappointedtime/place在约定的时间/地点appointhimtoassistthechildren指派他来帮助这些孩子makeanappointmentwiththedoctor和医生预约一下时间appointhimas/tobeheadteacherofourschool任命他为我们学校的校长【基础练习】——单句语法填空①HewasappointedasgeneralcoachofChineseMen'sTableTennisteam，developingexcellentplayersoneafteranother．②Tomysurprise，shedidn'taccepttheappointment(appoint)asmayorofthecity．③Mycousinwasappointedtotake(take)chargeofalltheactivitiesonthatday．【链接写作】——一句多译被任命为团队教练之后，他从纽约来到这里。①Afterhewasappointedtobecoachoftheteam，hecameherefromNewYork．(时间状语从句)②Appointedtobecoachoftheteam，hecameherefromNewYork．(过去分词短语作状语)2．suspect[课本义]vt．&vi．怀疑n．嫌疑犯，可疑对象[增补义]vt．猜疑(是)，觉得(是)(高考原句·2020·天津卷)Hepullsoutaspecialdevice，pointsitatthesuspect，andswitchesiton．(1)suspectthat．．．怀疑……suspectsb．of(doing)sth．怀疑某人(做)某事suspectsb．/sth．tobe．．．怀疑某人/某物为……(2)suspectedadj．被怀疑的，可疑的(3)suspicionn．怀疑，疑心undersuspicion被怀疑Isuspectthatheismoreorlessinvolvedintheaffair．我猜他和这件事有点牵连。suspecthimtobetherobber怀疑他是那个抢劫犯severalmembersundersuspicion被怀疑的几个成员suspecthimofforgettingthepurse怀疑他遗忘了钱包suspectthemanofinvolvementinthebombing怀疑这位男子参与这起爆炸事件【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Suspected(suspect)ofbeinginvolvedintheattemptedmurder，shewasquestionedbythepolice．②Thebosssuspectedhimoftakingthecomputerawayfromthecompany．【链接写作】——一句多译我怀疑他是小偷。①Isuspecthimtobethethief．(tobe)②Isuspecthimofbeingthethief．(of)③Isuspectthathe'sthethief．【名师点津】与suspectsb．ofsth．结构相同的短语还有：①remindsb．ofsth．提醒某人某事②robsb．ofsth．抢劫某人某物③accusesb．ofsth．控告某人某事④informsb．of/aboutsth．通知某人某事⑤warnsb．ofsth．警告某人某事3．ashamed[课本义]adj．惭愧，羞愧，尴尬[增补义]adj．耻于；不愿(高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Weareoftenashamedofourshortcomings，ourmistakesandourfailures．(1)feel/beashamedof(doing)sth．对(做)某事感到羞耻/惭愧feel/beashamedtodosth．因做某事感到羞愧feel/beashamedofsb．替某人感到羞耻/惭愧feel/beashamedofoneselffordoing．．．某人因做了……而感到羞愧(2)shamen．羞愧；羞耻It'sashamethat．．．/Whatashamethat．．．……真让人遗憾Whatashame/pity!真可惜！Hewas/feltashamedofcheatingintheexam，determinednevertodosuchthingsagain．他因在考试中作弊而感到羞愧，决定再也不做这样的事情了。makemeashamedofhim让我为他感到羞耻beashamedofwhatshehasdone为她的所作所为感到惭愧feelashamedofhavingdonesolittle为干得太少而感到羞愧【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Iamashamedtosay(say)thatIliedtoher．②Iwasfat，andIwasashamedofitasitwasknown．【链接写作】——一句多译他因工作落后而感到羞愧。①Hewas/feltashamedtobebehindinhiswork．(ashamedtobe)②Hewas/feltashamedofhimselfforbeingbehindinhiswork．(ashamedofoneself)4．disappointed[课本义]adj．失望的，沮丧的[增补义]adj．(希望，期望)破灭的(高考原句·2021·全国甲卷)Hefeltdisappointed．(1)bedisappointedtodosth．因做某事而失望be/feeldisappointedat/about/with．．．对……感到失望(2)disappointvt．使失望；使扫兴disappointingadj．令人失望的disappointmentn．失望(much)toone'sdisappointment＝toone's(great)disappointment使某人(非常)失望的是Weweredisappointedthattheycouldnotlearnthelessonofhistory．他们没能吸取历史的教训，使我们感到很失望。bedisappointedwithmyself对我自己感到很失望bedisappointedtoseetheresult看到结果很失望adisappointingperformance一场令人失望的演出bedisappointedattheresultofthegame对比赛结果很失望【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing(disappoint)．②Wheneverhedidn'tperformwellinhisstudies，hismotherwouldblamehimbitterly，expressingherdisappointment(disappoint)．③Wewerealldisappointedtolearn(learn)thatthepicnichadbeencancelled．【链接写作】——一句多译使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。①Toourgreatdisappointment，itrainedonthedayofthepicnic．(great)②Muchtoourdisappointment，itrainedonthedayofthepicnic．(much)5．pretend[课本义]vi．&vt．假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为[增补义]vi．&vt．自命，自称pretendtobe．．．假装是……pretendtodosth．假装要做某事pretendtobedoingsth．假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth．假装已经做过了某事pretend(that)．．．假装……Ihadbeenlyingtomyself，pretendingthateverythingwasfine．我一直对自己撒谎，假装一切顺利。pretendtobeasleep假装睡觉pretendtobereading假装正在读书pretendtohaveforgottentheconversation假装忘记了那次谈话【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Marypretendednottosee(see)mewhenIpassedby，whichmademeveryangry．②Shepretendednottobe(be)athomewhenwerangthebell．【链接写作】——句式升级(普通表达)Hepretendedtohavefinishedhishomeworkalready．(高级表达)Hepretendedthathehadfinishedhishomeworkalready．(宾语从句)6．mercy[课本义]n．仁慈，宽恕[增补义]n．怜悯(1)showmercytosb．/havemercyonsb．怜悯某人atthemercyof．．．任……处置；对……无能为力it'samercythat．．．……真是万幸withoutmercy毫不留情地(2)bemercifulto/towardssb．对某人仁慈It'samercythattheaccidenthappenedsoclosetothehospital．很侥幸，这次事故发生在离医院不远处。begformercy乞求宽恕betreatedwithmercy受到仁慈的待遇learntoshowmercytoothers学会宽恕别人【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Aftertheboat'smotorfailed，theywereonlyatthemercyofthesea．②Itwasamercythatshewasn'tseriouslyhurtandwaswaitinguntiltherescuearrived．【链接写作】——一句多译他们要她对犯人心存怜悯。①Theyaskedhertoshowmercyto/havemercyontheprisoners．(mercy)②Theyaskedhertobemercifulto/towardstheprisoners．(merciful)7．discouraged[课本义]adj．灰心的，泄气的[增补义]adj．沮丧的；气馁的(高考原句·2021·全国甲卷)Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?(1)discouragevt．使灰心；劝阻discouragesb．fromdoingsth．阻止某人做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouragingadj．(物)令人泄气或沮丧的discouragementn．泄气；沮丧Allherstrengthdrainedoutwhenshewasdiscouragedinwhatshewasdoing．当做事遇到挫折时，她所有的劲头也就丢光了。discouragemefromdoingso劝阻我不要那样做beneverdiscouragedbydifficulties从没因困难而泄气suchadiscouragingseriesofevents这么一连串令人沮丧的事【基础练习】——单句语法填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Yetinsteadofbeingdiscouraged(discourage)bymyslowprogress，Iwasexcited．②Studentswillsoongetdiscouraged(discourage)ifyoucriticizethemtoooften．【链接写作】——词汇升级(普通表达)Wehopethebadweatherwon'tstoppeoplefromcomingalong．(高级表达)Wehopethebadweatherwon'tdiscouragepeoplefromcomingalong．【名师点津】discourage是及物动词，当后面没有宾语的时候，要考虑使用被动结构，如将“不要气馁”译成英语，不是“Don'tdiscourage．”，而是“Don'tbediscouraged．”。discourage后面不接不定式作宾语，也不接不定式作宾补。8．losecontact失去联系losecontactwith与……失去联系makecontactwith与……进行来往；接触getincontactwith与……取得联系beincontactwith和……接触，有联系stay/keepincontactwith和……保持联系beoutofcontactwith和……失去联系Havingbeenseparatedfor10years，IfinallymadecontactwithherinParis．分别10年后，我终于在巴黎同她取得了联系。losecontactwiththeenemy失去敌人的踪迹makecontactwiththatperson接触那个人getincontactwiththem与他们取得联系【基础练习】——单句语法填空①IhavelostcontactwithmostofmyschoolfriendssinceImovedtoCanada．②Parentsareencouragedtokeepincontactwithschoolbusmonitorsincasebusesarelate．【链接写作】——句型转换Itis10yearssinceImadecontactwithhim．→①Ihavebeenincontactwithhimfor10years．→②Wehavekept/stayedincontactwitheachotherfor10years．9．However，theboywasnotdiscouraged，believingthathecouldmakeadifferencetotheonesthathesaved．然而，小男孩并没有气馁，他相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)，完成式(havingdone)以及完成被动式(havingbeendone)。(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语不和句子主语一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。【金句推送】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon，lasting2hours，from4：00to6：00．这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4∶00到6：00。【基础练习】——单句语法填空①Allofasudden，hestooddirectly，representing(represent)hisideastothepeoplepresentatthemeeting．②Thereisnogreaterpleasurethanlyingonmybackinthemiddleofthegrassland，staring(stare)atthenightsky．【链接写作】——句式升级①(普通表达)IntheChineseNewYear，whentheyeatNiangao，peoplemaythinkof“Nian”．(高级表达)IntheChineseNewYear，eatingNiangao，peoplemaythinkof“Nian”．(现在分词作状语)②(普通表达)As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult，shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel．(高级表达)Findingthecourseverydifficult，shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel．(现在分词作状语)【名师点津】①现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。②用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次就是分清其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。夯基固本——基础强化Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空1．Appointed(appoint)aspresidentoftheuniversityyesterday，heisgivingaspeechontheplatformnow．2．Theshopkeepersweretoldtokeepthesuspected(suspect)manunderconstantobservation．3．Inclass，studentsshouldnotbeashamedtoask(ask)theteacherquestions．4．Iwenttohisspeechwithgreatinterest，buttomydisappointment(disappoint)，nothingverynewcameforth．5．HedecidedtohelpmebutIpretendedtohavefinished(finish)myjobalready．6．Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeeling(feel)sorryformyself．7．Ithinkmyuncle'sdeathwasamerciful(mercy)releaseformypooraunt．8．Wediscouragedsmoking(smoke)inthisschoolbutlittlehasbeenachieved．9．SinceImovedtoCanada，Ihavehadopportunitiestomake(make)contactwithothermusicaltraditionsandplaywithmastermusicians．10．Don'tgetdiscouraged(discourage)，youarenewtotheworkafterall．Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Toworkoutaplan，IhavemadeanappointmentwithJim．2．Hisfathersuspectedhimoftakingthemoneyawayfromthedrawer．3．Whatashame!Sheshouldfailthisround．4．Theprincewasgreatlydisappointedatguessingwrongandwentaway．5．Themanagerhadmercyonthechildrendressedinragsandgavethemsomefood．6．Hisparentstriedtodiscouragehimfromgoingabroad，butfailed．7．PetertriedtomakecontactwithLucyoverthephone，buthefailed．查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空1．Theyare，frankly(frank)speaking，thebestchildrenIhaveeverseen．2．Theybelievedthatwhattheyweredoingwasvitalforthebettermentofsociety(social)．3．Hewasarrested(arrest)fordrunkennessonhiswaytothefootballground．4．Doyoubelievethatsentencesforcriminals(criminal)aretoughenoughatpresent?5．Thecircumstancecouldbealtogetherinnocent(innocence)，butsuspicionshavebeenraised．6．Theschoolislegally(legal)responsibleforyourchild'ssafety．7．Formonthshehadbeenunderpressuretoresign(resign)andwasabouttobesidelinedanyway．8．Isthereanythingyoucandotopreventwrinkles(wrinkle)?9．Sheparceled(parcel)somefoodfortheboystocarrytotheirpicnic．10．Hewasnotamanwhofounditeasytoforgive(forgive)andforget．Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词1．Wewentskippingdownthestreetarminarm．2．YouareunderarrestforthemurderofPierreFuquet．3．Thisweighedonmyheart，andIaskedAndywhereIcouldlearnmoreaboutit．4．Itisourdutytomakecontributionstoourmotherland．5．Thevalueoflifeliesnotinthelengthofdays，butintheusethatwemakeofthem．6．Iknowitsoundscrazybutitjustmightwork．强技提能——语言运用Ⅰ．课文缩写语法填空Whenthepolicemanonthebeatwalkedalongthestreet，he1．suddenly(sudden)foundthatinthedoorwayofastorestoodaman，withanunlitcigarinhismouth．Themantoldhi