新概念英语第二册笔记-第88课

Lesson88Trappedinamine困在矿井里Text】Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.【课文翻译】6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。若是不把他们赶忙救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。但是，事实证明营救工作特别困难。若是用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。若是不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实质情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其家眷保持联系。诚然他们的食品和饮料都快耗资尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们素来被见告营救工作进行得特别顺利。若是他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失约心的。Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语trapv.坠入，使陷于困境surfacen.地面，表面explosiven.炸药vibrationn.震动collapsev.坍塌drillv.钻孔capsulen.容器layern.层、层次beneathprep.在......之下lowerv.放下，降低progressv.进展，进行smoothlyadv.顺利地精选【生词讲解】1.trap1）v.坠入，使陷于困境eg：Hewastrappedinthegamepreserve.他被困在禁猎区。inthegamepreserve在禁猎区eg:Help!I'mtrapped.Openthedoor!救命啊，我出不来了。开门！eg:Theyweretrappedintheburninghotel.他们被困在着火的酒店里。2）v.将（某人）诱入骗局、诱骗（某人）trapsbintodoing诱使某人做某事eg：Theytrappedherintomarringhim.他们又骗她嫁给了他。eg：IwastrappedintotellingthepoliceallIknew.我受骗了，把所有知道的所有全告诉了警察3）n.（捕鸟、兽等用的）骗局、骗局abearcaughtinatrap熊坠入骗局setatrapformouse＝setamousetrap设（骗局）；张（罗网）；扬（帆），钩住4）n.诡计、骗局、策略eg：Hefellintoatrap.他掉进了骗局2.surface1）n.地面，表面asmoothsurface圆滑的表面2）n.表面、外观lookonlyatthesurfaceofthings只看事情的表面onthesurface表面上的、外观上的friendshiponthesurface表面上的友谊eg：Youlookedsatisfiedonthesurfacethen.精选那个时候你看起来表面上很满足。3）adj.表面的surfacedifferences表面上的差异；surfacekindness表面上的好心短语：surfacemail陆（水）路邮件、一般邮件（相反的airmail）sendaletterbysurfacemail寄一般邮件explosive）n.炸药highexplosive强力炸药2）adj.爆发的、爆发性的anexplosivesubstance爆炸物explosionn.1）爆发、爆裂、爆炸声agasexplosion瓦斯爆炸2）爆发anexplosionoflaughter爆发出笑声explodev.）（炸药、煤气等）爆炸事件eg：Theheatexplodedthecorkedbottle.热气使塞住的瓶子爆炸了。2）（因生气、笑等）使（感情）爆发、（感情）爆发eg：Heexplodedinanger.勃然大怒eg：Hisjealousyexplodedwhenshekissedanotherboy.看她吻了另一个男孩、他醋劲大发。＊jealousy[?d?el?si]n.忌妒；猜忌4.vibrationn.震动thevibrationofthetraffic车辆来往产生的振动。vibrate1）v.振动、摇动精选eg：Hisshouldersvibratedwithanger.他气到双肩颤动。2）v.受而动人，（心）颤动、惊动eg：Myheartvibratedtothesoulfulpainting.那张充满感情的画动人了我的心灵。5.collapse1）v.坍塌、崩溃、崩溃eg：Theroofcollapsedundertheweightofsnow.雪把房顶压塌了.eg：Theheavyfloodcollapsedthebridge.大洪水使桥梁倒塌了。2）v.（计划、事业等）垮掉、挫败eg：Ourprojectcollapsedbecauseofshortageoffunds.因为资本短缺，我们的计划挫败。3）v.折迭、可折迭eg：Thistablecollapses,soIcanstoreiteasily.这种桌子可以折迭,不用时很简单收藏。collapseatent把帐篷折迭起来6.drill1）v.钻孔drillaholeinthewall在墙上钻个洞drillatooth钻牙齿2）v.训练（某人），屡次练习、接受训练drilltroops练兵drillinEnglishpronunciation英语发音练习3）n.锥子、钻孔机anelectricdrill电钻makeaholewithadrill用钻打洞4）n.训练、演练、演习afiredrill消防演习drillinEnglishwords英文单字屡次练习精选7.capsulen.容器、胶囊eg：Heswallowedtwocapsulesatatime.他一下吃了两粒胶囊。medicine：pill[pil]药丸、powder[?paud?]药粉、tablet[?t?blit]药片、capsule[?k?psju:l]胶囊8.layer1）n.层、一层alayerofclay一层泥＊clay[klei]n.粘土，泥土acakewithtwolayers两层蛋2）置放者、砌的人（平时构成复合词）abricklayer泥瓦匠3）下蛋的鸡agoodlayer常下蛋的鸡←→abadlayer不常下蛋的鸡9.beneath1）prep.在......之下（可用已表示接触或未接触时，稍为慎重的表达法，一般多用under）eg：Let’stakearestbeneaththetree.让我们在树下休息。eg：Thegroundbeneathmyfeetwassoft.我脚下的土地柔嫩。2）（地位、价值）较.差的，较不值的的eg：Hisworkisbeneathcontempt.他的行为令人不屑一顾eg：Suchwordsarebeneathyou.说这些话有些失你身份。10.lower1）v.放低（高度、地址），降低精选eg：Sheloweredhereyes.他垂下眼睛。loweraflag降旗；lowerthesails降帆lowerthewaterinthecanal降低运河中的水位2）v.降低（价格、数量、程度、声音等）lowertherentofahouse降低房租；lowerone’svoice压低声音theLowerHouse（两院治的）下议院theHouseofRepresentatives（美）众议院theHouseofCommons（英）下议院theUpperHouse上议院11.progress1）[?pr??gres]v.进展，进行eg：Wearenowprogressingsteadilywithourwork我们现在工作进展顺利。2）v.进步、进步eg：Youhaveprogressedquicklyinmathematics.你在数学进步步迅速。1）n.[?pr?ugres]前进、进行makeswiftprogresstowardthedestination朝目的地迅速前进。makeslowprogresstowardthedestination朝目的地缓慢前进。2）n.进步theprogressofmedicine医药的进步12.smoothlyadv.顺利地、圆滑地gosmoothly进展顺利eg：Theescalatordidn’toperatesmoothly.自动扶梯没有顺利运作＊escalator[?esk?leit?]n.自动扶梯＊operate[??p?reit]vi.运转；着手术；起作用vt.操作；经营smooth1）adj.圆滑的、顺利的（反义词rough）精选asmoothskin圆滑的皮肤；asmoothroad顺畅的道路eg：Hiseffortsmadethesmoothpassageofthebillpossible.他的努力使该法案得以顺利经过。2）adj.口齿灵巧的asmoothtalker一个能说会道的人3）adj.平易的eg：Heissmoothinhismanners.他举止举止高雅。4）v.使圆滑（坦）smoothoutatablecloth铺平桌布eg：Don’tforgettosmoothdowntheboardbeforeyoupaintit.在刷油漆以前别忘了把木材打磨圆滑。【课文讲解】1.Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.※betrappedinamine被困在矿井2）mine矿井，巷道，水雷amineofinformationabout/onsb/sth知识的宝库；信息的源泉eg:Mygrandmotherisamineofinformationaboutourfamily'shistory我的祖母是我们家史的资料库。agoldmine金矿；workinamine在矿场工作2.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.※bebroughttothesurface救到地面上来loseone’slife丧生saveone'slife救命3.However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.rescue1）v.（从危险等）救出rescuefromeg：Theyrescuedaboyfromdrowning.救了那个落水男孩。eg：Thefiremenrescuedababyfromthebrininghouse.精选消防队员从着火的房屋里救出一名婴儿。2）n.营救gotoone’srescue去营救某人provev.证明、显示出prove+adj.eg：Ive+tobeeg：Ivethateg：Itprovesthatitisdifficult.这证明，它是困难的4.Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.※真实条件句（主将从现）-详情请见SpecialDifficulty5.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.※onthenorthsideofthemine在矿井北侧onbothsidesofthestreet在街道两边ontheothersideofthesquare在广场的另一侧therefore表示“因此”、“因此”等。它是副词，因此它既可以独立使用，也可以位于动词或形容词前。so表示“因此”、“因此”时平时是连词：eg:Thenewflatislargerandthereforemoreexpensive.这套新房屋（比本来的）要大些，因此比较贵。eg:Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,andhewasthereforeabletobuyacar.他的父亲母亲给了他一些钱，因此他能买得起一辆车。eg：Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,therefore,hewasabletobuyacar.（译文同上，therefore前后都可以有逗号，so后边平时不用逗号）Wearrivedearly,sowegotgoodseats.我到得早，因此我们找到了好座位。（so表示“因此”、“因此”时不放在动词前）6.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.※intendtodo打看作某事intendsbtodo打算让某人做某事eg：Heintendstostudyabroadnextyear.他打算明年到外国留学。eg：Heintendshissontomanagethecompany.他打算让他儿子经营该公司。精选bringup1）养育、培育、教育eg：She’sbroughtupthreechildren.她一个人养大了三个孩子。awell-broughtupchild有涵养的孩子←→abadly-broughtupchild没有涵养的孩子2）提出话题eg：Hisnewsuggestionwasbroughtupatthemeeting.他在会议上提出新的建议。7.Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.※非真实条件句(虚假语气)-详情请见SpecialDifficulty8.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.※asitis实质上infact＝asamatteroffact实质上，其实eg:Ithoughttheywouldhelpus.Asitwas,theyjustsatthereandlookedon.我以为他们会帮助我们。实质上他们却可是坐着旁观。eg:Ipromisedtoreturnthebooksyesterday.Asitis,Iwon'tbeabletodosountilnextMonday.我答应昨天还书的，但事实上我要到下星期一才能还。alongwaytogo（本文中）离钻透还早着呢YoustillhavealongwaytogoifyouwannamarrySusan.threemonthstogo还有三个月9.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.※enablesbtodo使某人做eg:Thenewcontactenablesustodemandwhateverwewant.新的通讯方式能让我们获取想要的任何东西。※keepintouchwith与保持联系eg：Hestillkeepsintouchwithhisoldfriends.他仍旧与他的老朋友保持联系。←→outoftouch失去联系精选eg：I’moutoftouchwitheconomicconditionsnow.我不认识现阶段的经济情况。aneartouch（aclosecall）危在朝夕※closestrelatives＝immediaterelatives直系家眷10.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.runoutof耗尽（useup）runafter（chase）eg：Acrowedofboysranafterthebeggar.一群男孩追赶着乞丐。runover撞倒eg：Thatboywasnearlyrunoverbyacar.＝Thecarnearlyhithim.小男孩差一点儿被汽车轧了。runin（新汽车的发动机的）磨合运转、磨合试车eg：Don’tdrivesofast.Thiscarhasn’tbeenruninyet.Thecarmustbedrivenslowlysoasnottodamagethenewengine.别开得这么快这辆车还没有试车。runinto偶遇runacross/meetwith/comeacross/meetbychance/meetbyaccidenteg：IranintoHelgawhileIwasinSweden.我在瑞典时偶遇Helga。※cheerful惊喜若狂的，精神振奋的eg:Youareverycheerfultoday.你今天很快活。※confidentindoingsth.有信心做.......confidentofsth确信......11.Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.※非真实条件句※drillthrough钻透loseheart无望＝loseone’snerve精选eg:Theteachertoldherstudentsnottolosehearteveniftheydidn'tpasstheexam.那个老师告诉她的学生即使他们没经过考试也不要灰心。loseone'sheart丧失某人信心【要点词组摘录】1.betrappedin7.bringsbup2.loseone’endtodosth12.loseheart【Keystructures&SpecialDifficulties】真实条件句和非真实条件句(虚假语气)英语中的条件句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。一、真实条件句:表示现实情况中可能实现的情况。真实条件句中的谓语动词一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用一般过去式代替过去将来时。比方：Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathome.Theysaidtheywouldletusknowiftheyheardanynewsabouthim.【详解】条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件，平时由if来引导，作“若是，那么”讲。详解例句①若是主句用的是一般将来时，if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时。时态②若是主句是祈使句，从句也常用一般现在时。③若是主句含有神情动词，从句一般也用一般现在时。语序if引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句前面，常用逗号分开；也可以放在主句的后边。①“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意义上相变换当于一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。②“if+否定句”相当于“unless+必定句”。

IwillvisitmygrandmotherifIamfree.Let’sgoshoppingifyouarenotbusy.Youmustbecarefulifyougoswimmingintheriver.Ifyoudon’thurry,youwillbelate.=Youwillbelateifyoudon’thurry.Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Don’tcomeinifIdon’tcallyou.Don’tcomeinunlessIcallyou.注：当连词if作“可否”讲时，if引导的从句的时态要依照详尽情况而定。【中考链接】()1.—IhearJackChanwillcometoLaiwunextweek.（2010山东莱芜）精选—Really?_______hecomes,myyoungersisterwillbeveryhappy.A.IfB.UntilC.UnlessD.Before()2.Idon’tknowifit______tomorrow.Ifit______,wewon’tgoonapicnic.A.rains;rainsB.willrain;rainsC.willrain;willrain()3.Wewillhavenowatertodrink_______wedon’tprotecttheearth（2010.上海）A.untilB.beforeC.thoughD.if【牢固练习】Ⅰ.单项选择()1.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt______tovisitustomorrow.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.iscoming()2.—Doyouknowifhe______toplaybasketballwithus?—Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe()3.Youwillkeephealthy______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandswimming.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.whereⅡ.依照汉语意思完成以下句子，每空一词。若是明天不下雨的话，我们将去动物园。Wewillgotothezoo________________________tomorrow.若是你完成了作业，我们就去下象棋。______________________________,let’sgoplaytchess.若是人人都能保护环境，世界将会变得更美好。Ifeveryoneprotectstheenvironment,theworld________________________.二、非真实条件句:也叫虚假条件句，表示与现实情况相反的假设情况。主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚假语气。在表示与事实相反的虚假语气时，谓语动词有三种形式。其详尽形式以下：时间看法条件从句中的谓语动词主句中的谓语动词与现在事实相反did/werewould(could/should/might)+do与过去事实相反haddone/beenwould(could/should/might)+havedone与将来事实相反did/werewould(could/should/might)+doshoulddoweretodo注意：1.上述主句的谓语中，would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、赞同或可能性，should主要用第一人称后。2.条件从句的谓语动词为be时，无论其主语是单数还是复数平时用were。比方：Ifhewereherenow,wecouldaskhimaboutit.(与现在事实相反)混杂条件句。当条件状语从句表示的行为与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依照它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。比方：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvicethen,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.（从句表示过去时间，主句表示现在时间）4.(省if)倒装的虚假条件句。虚假条件句的从句部分若是含有were,should或had,可将if省略，把were,should或had移到从句主语前形成倒装。比方：HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.精选5.Ifitweren’和tforIfithadn’tbeenfor是两个很常用的虚假语气句型，其意为“若不是（有），要不是有”。前者议论现在的情况，后者议论过去的情况。一、用动词的合适形式填空。1.—Whatwillyoudoifit_________(rain)tomorrow?—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.Shetoldmethatshewouldnotgowithmeifit_________(rain)thenextday.IfI_________(be)you,Iwouldplantsometreesroundthehouse.IfIhadbeenyouthen,I_________(notquarrel)withhim.5.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry_________(notbe)soserious.二、选择填空—Johnwenttothehospitalalone.—Ifhe_________meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtoldIfwe_________theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken3.Ifhe_________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollowHadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_________.wouldhavebeensavedhadbeensavedwillbesavedwassaved_________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot6.—Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.—Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_________.A.wouldn’tdieB.didn’tdieC.hadn’tdiedD.wouldn’thavedied补充：状语从句（AdverbialClauses）指用作状语起副词作用的句子。依照其作用可分为时间、原因、条件、目的、结果、退步、方式和比较等从句。英语中常有状语从句的分类及常用的引导词：种类时间状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句退步状语从句

常用的引导词when,as,while,after,before,till(until),assoonas,sincebecause,since,assothat,suchthatsothat,inorderthatif,unless,aslongasalthough,though,evenif(though)精选【例句观察】WhenIcameintotheroom,mybrotherwasplayingonthecomputer.我进到屋里的时候，弟弟在玩电脑。SinceyouareinChina,youmustobeytheChineselaw.因为你在中国，因此你必定要遵守中国的法律。Theoldmanwassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.老人激动得一句话也说不出来了。Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.请你讨情楚点，以便大家都能理解。Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.