初中英语语法-代词(新)课件

初中英语语法之

——代词篇代词的分类

人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词

第一人称单数第二人称单数第三人称单数第一人称复数第二人称复数第三人称复数阳性阴性中性主格I(我)you(你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我们)you(你们)they(他们,她们,它们)宾格me(我)You(你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我们)you(你们)them(他们,她们,它们)人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

2.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”

You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.

你我她都喜欢音乐。She的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等

Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.

我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。

Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.

轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等

What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.

今天的天气怎么样？-有风。

It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.

从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。2.it

可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadteacher.1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that5.某人花费…做某事

Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。

Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的

findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todo二.物主代词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineours

yours

yours

hishers

itstheirs

2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.

(ourbooks=ours)Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)

2.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属

Asisterofhis

isanurse.

他的一个妹妹是个护士。

Tomis

afriendofmine

我的一个朋友1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s1.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…

自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己

enjoyoneselfteach/learnoneselfsth.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.不定代词不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词

all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no

由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词

1.some/any

some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中

Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.

any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句

Doyouhaveanypicture-books?2.many/much

many

修饰或指代复数名词

Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.Manyofuslikeplayinggames.

much修饰或指代不可数名词

Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.

3.another/other

another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个

Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.

other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的

Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?4.theother/others/theotherstheother

1.特指两个中的另一个

Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.

2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些

Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.5.few/afew/little/alittlefew/afew

修饰可数名词

little/alittle修饰不可数名词

few,little

表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”

afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”

Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few

6.every/each

every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用

Everychildlikesplayinggames.

each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用

Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.

Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.eacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物

everyother…每隔…Eg:everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①

Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②

Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.

A．every B．each C．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.

A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother

7.all/none

all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前

WeareallfromCanada.

TheyalllikeEnglish.

none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）

Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.nonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany

问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①

Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②

Whoisintheroom?—___.

A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.

A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom

8.both/either/neither

both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数

Myparentsarebothteachers.

=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.

neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

Neitheranswerisright.

either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

有关词组及应用

bothof/eitherof/neitherofBothofthemswimwell.

他们俩都游得很好。

EitherofyougoestoBeijing.

你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。

Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.

他们俩谁都不停下来休息。eitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复①

___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②

Bothofhisparents___teachers.

A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.

A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth

both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）

either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)

BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.

Tom和Lucy都在二年级。

Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.

或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。

NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.

我和他今天都没空。eitherneitherboth①

EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②

NeitheryounorI___ascientist.

A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.

A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语

ThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.either

LucyandLily___agreewithus.

A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.

A.bothB.allC.no

9.Something/anything/nothing

Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythingelseinthebox?

Nobodycananswerthequestion.1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelseoneit①

Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.

A.itB.oneC./②

Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.

A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.

A.itB.oneC./one

同类不同件．it同类同件．指示代词

表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)

1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物

that,those指在方位上较远的人或物

Thisismyshirt,that’syours.

TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.

2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.四.指示代词①

ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.

A.thatB.thisC.it②

TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.

A.thatB.theseC.those③WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.

A.itB.thisC.that疑问代词

用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich

通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语

Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\

Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\

WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\

What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom

Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)(2008年广东省汕头市)一Isthat_____dog?—No.________iswhite．A．his；HisB．her；ItisC．he；HisD．her；Her中考考什么?D(重庆市2008年)

WelikeMr.Greenbecauseheoftentells______funnystoriesinclass.A.we B.us C.our D.oursB(重庆市2008年)

—Whenshallwegotothemuseum,thisafternoonortomorrowmorning?—______isOK.I’mfreethesedays.A.Both

B.All

C.Either

D.NeitherC(2008年天津市)—Is_____here? —No,JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody D.everybodyD例题解析1Theseare＿＿＿books.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine［答案］B.［析］这里应用形容词性物主代词。2—＿＿＿

isshe?—Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere［答案］A.［析］这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。Whatisshe?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而Howisshe?应译为“她身体如何?”而Whoisshe?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3＿＿＿

iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped＿＿＿.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork［答案］A.［析］因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。4Mary,help＿＿＿tothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves［答案］C.［析］helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5—＿＿＿

doyougotoschooleveryday?—Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere［答案］A.［析］这题的答案是由问句决定的。6Myskirtis＿＿＿

popularthan＿＿＿.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers［答案］D.［析］因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes,butonly＿＿＿.AfewBafewClittleDalittle［答案］D.［析］因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。例题解析例题解析

8Mr.

Smithisanoldfriendof＿＿＿.AIBmeCmyDmine［答案］D.［析］这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9“＿＿＿doyouhearfromyourparents?”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmany

CHowoftenDHowmuch［答案］C.［析］Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10MrGreenwouldn'tsay＿＿＿atthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething［答案］C.［析］在否定句中应用anything11“Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgiveher＿＿＿toeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanything

CsomethingniceDnicesomething［答案］C.［析］肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。例题解析12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?—Idon'tmind.＿＿＿timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth［答案］C.［析］因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有Idon'tmind则决定不能选择neither.13Thisisnotherkite,

but＿＿＿.Ahe'sBhimCheDhis［答案］D.［析］要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。14Don'tworry,Mum!＿＿＿

newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo［答案］A.［析］这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。

15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas＿＿＿applesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer［答案］C.［析］由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。

例题解析16Thereisn't＿＿＿intoday'snewspaper.Aanythinginteresting

Bsomethinginteresting

CnothinginterestingDinterestinganything［答案］A.［析］由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。17September10this＿＿＿

Day?ATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'［答案］D.［析］教师节Teachers'Day,儿童节

Children'sDay,妇女节

Women'sDay18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry?—＿＿＿

ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.［答案］C.［析］在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook?—Sorry.Iwon't.Ihave＿＿＿todothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing［答案］D.［析］这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。例题解析20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?—＿＿＿

Sam＿＿＿Bruce.Itwasthecat.ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or［答案］C.［析］neither…nor意为既不……也不……21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.＿＿＿areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother［答案］A.［析］这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。22Sheisnotanurse.I'mnot＿＿＿.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo［答案］B.［析］在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,＿＿＿

isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers［答案］A.［析］两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而theothers是特指复数代名词。例题解析

29Blackisneitherateacher＿＿＿aworker.AorBeitherCnorDand［答案］C.［析］neither…nor为“既不……也不……”的固定搭配。30Ourteachergaveus＿＿＿onstudying.

AmanyadvicesBsomeadvicesCanadviceDsomeadvice［答案］D.［析］advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。31Therearetwoforeignfriendsinthepark.One＿＿＿isfromJapan,isfromAmerica.AotherBothersCtheotherDtheothers［答案］C.［析］因为是两者中的一个，所以另一个应用单数特指代词。32Arethere＿＿＿onthetable?AsomecupsBanycupCsomecupDanycups［答案］D.［析］此句是疑问句，应用anycups,因提问时的be动词用的是are。例题解析33I'vejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,＿＿＿areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers［答案］B.［析］此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。theother只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。34Itwas＿＿＿

finedaythattheywenttothepark.AasoBsoaCsuchaDasuch［答案］C.［析］在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式，如：suchagoodday，或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数，如：sogoodaday.35Atthattimethetrainwasslowandnoisy.So＿＿＿peoplelikedtakingtrains.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew［答案］C.［析］这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车，英文要选用“few”。36Wemusthelpandunderstandeach＿＿＿.AotherBanotherCothersDtheother［答案］A.［析］eachother意为“互相”，是习惯用语。例题解析37＿＿＿isdifficulttowalkonthemoon.AManBOneCThatDIt［答案］D.［析］这里的真正主语应为不定式towalkonthemoon.而形式主语只能用it.38Janehassentseveralletters,but＿＿＿ofthemhavebeenanswered.AallBbothCeitherDnone［答案］D.［析］severalletters意为“若干信件”，应看作多于两者，则在A、D中作选择，仅D符合句意。39Idon'tknow＿＿＿aboutthenewheadmaster.AsomethingBeverythingCnothingDanything［答案］D.［析］否定句中应用anything.40＿＿＿

ofthestudentsinthewholeclasscoulddothisphysicsquestion.ANoBNoneCNotDNeither［答案］B.41.Mary,pleaseshow________yourpicture.A.myB.mineC.ID.me

答案：D。［析］该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。42.---What’sonTVtonight?Isthere_________interesting?---I’mafraidnot.A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything

答案：B。［析］该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。43.________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each

答案：D。［析］该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。44.---Whereismypen?---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken_______bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers

答案：A。［析］该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。例题解析课时训练用适当的代词填空1.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_______isateacher.2.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;_______likeballgames.3.Let’sgoandhaveadrink.We’vegot_______timebeforethetrainleaves.4.Wewereallverytired,but_______ofuswouldliketohavearest.5.______ofthetwinsareinourclass.6.Boys,don’ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt_______.7.Itissaidthereisgoingtobe________importantintheCCTVnews.8.Wecouldn’tbuyanythingbecause_______oftheshopsopenedatthattime.9.Theydidn’tlearn_______newinthislesson.10.---Whyis______easyforsuchayounggirltolearnthreeforeignlanguagessowell?---BecauseBritain,GermanyandFranceareallverynear______country.theotherothersalittlenonebothyourselvessomethingnoneanythingither课时训练用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填空1.______isthepopulationoftheworldtoday?2._______jumpedthelongestofallinthelongjump?3.---_______colourisyourmother’sdress?---It’sblack.4.---______isyourcar?---Theredoneinfrontofthetree.5.---______ofthefollowingcanyouoftenfindonamedicinebottle?---Iknow,sir.It’sinstruction.6.Thenecklace______sheiswearingisbeautiful.7.Doyouknowtheperson_______losthisbike?8.Mostpeople_______liveinlessdevelopedcountriesarequitepoor.9.Theboy______ishelpingtheoldmanisJohn’sbrother.10.People______usecreditcardstobuythingsonlineshouldbeverycarefulwhatwhowhatwhichwhichthat/whichwhothat/whothat/whothat/whoTryitout()1Isthisyourfootball,boys?No,itisnot____A.yoursB.ourC.mineD.ours()2Thebirdbuilds____nestinthetree.A.herB.itsC.it’sD.hers()3Themathsproblem____iswrong.A.himselfB.heC.itselfD.herselfDBC()4____wanttoseethefilm.AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents()5Alotofpeoplehavetried,but____havesucceeded.A.thefewB.afewC.fewD.little()6____ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital.A.BothB.NeitherC.AnyD.EitherDCC()7Ihavefivepencils,oneisred,____isblueand___aregreen.A.another,theotherB.theother,othersC.o