考研考博-英语-南昌工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌工程学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease”,namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforrearsinasterileplastictent)，shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhouse.”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecarnageisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenterCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensivedottingdragsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytohumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.ThissummerresearchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“genedoping”.Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea/’saysCrystal,“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork”.

1.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto（

）.

2.Anderson’searlysuccesshas（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Theword“tarnish”(line5,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans（

）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems（

）.

问题1选项

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmodemtreatment,forfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basetreatmentworks

问题2选项

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapy

C.promisedacuretoeverydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

问题3选项

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

C.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetter.

问题4选项

A.affect

B.warm

C.troubled

D.stain

问题5选项

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.troubled

D.uncertain

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury），接着提到她1992年接受了最后一次基因疗法，并且彻底痊愈，由此可知选项A“展示基因疗法的前景”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章第一段倒数第二、三句话提到研究人员一直梦想用正常基因替换突变基因来治疗从血友病到癌症等各种疾病。这个梦想可能还会持续几十年（Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore），由此可知这个方法并不能在短期内有成效，因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第二段提到治疗基因通常通过不会引起人类疾病的病毒传递（Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease），由此可知选项C“治疗基因由无害病毒携带”符合题意。

4.词义题。文章最后一段提到一些专家担心这个领域将会进一步被……如果下一个受益的人不是病人而是寻求优势的运动员（Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge），根据上下文可知基因疗法这个领域本意是为了治疗各种疾病而出现，而如果用来帮助运动员而不是病人，这个方法就失去了原本的价值，因此可以推测出动词tarnish的意思是“使失去光泽；玷污”，因此选项D符合题意。

5.观点态度题。文章第一段开头提到来自克利夫兰郊区的18岁的AshanthiDeSilva是20世纪伟大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury）；文章最后一段提到每个人都认为基因疗法是一个好主意（Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea），由此可知作者是抱着乐观的态度，选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Itiswell-knownthattheretiredworkersinourcountryare______freemedicalcare.

问题1选项

A.entitledto

B.involvedin

C.associatedwith

D.assignedto

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”；B选项involvedin“涉及”；C选项associatedwith“与……有关”；D选项assignedto“被分配给……”。句意：众所周知，我国的退休工人______免费医疗。根据语境，这里指的是退休工人有免费医疗的权利，A选项entitledto“有权享有……；有……的资格”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thepotentialofcomputersforincreasingthecontroloforganizationsorsocietyovertheirmembersandforinvadingtheprivacyofthosemembershascausedconsiderableconcern.

Theprivacyissuehasbeenraisedmostinsistentlywithrespecttothecreationandmaintenanceofdatafilesthatassembleinformationaboutpersonsfromamultitudeofsources.

FilesofthiskindwouldbeKighlyvaluableformanykindsofeconomicandsocialresearch,buttheyareboughtattoohighapriceiftheyendangerhumanfreedomorseriouslyenhancetheiropportunitiesofblackmailers.Whilesuchdangersshouldnotbeignored,itshouldbenotedthatthelackofcomprehensivedatafileshasneverbeforebeenthelimitingbarriertothesuppressionofhumanfreedom.

Makingthecomputerthevillainintheinvasionofprivacyorencroachmentoncivillibertiessimplydiversattentionfromtherealdangers.Computerdatabankfilescanandmustbegiventhehighestdegreeofprotectionformabuse.Butwemustbecarefulalso,thatwedonotemploysuchcrudemethodsofprotectionastodepriveoursocietyofimportantdataitneedstounderstanditsdownsocialprocessesandtoanalyzeitsproblems.

Perhapsthemostimportantquestionofallaboutthecomputeriswhatithascomeandwilldotoman,viewofhimselfandhisplaceintheuniverse.Themostheatedattacksonthecomputerarenotfocusedonitspossibleeconomiceffects,itspresumeddestructionofjobsatisfaction,oritsthreattoprivacyandliberty，butupontheclaimthatitcausespeopletobeviewed,andtoviewthemselves,asmachines.

Whatthecomputerandprogressinartificialintelligencechallengeareanethicthatrestsonman'sapartnessfromtherestofnature.Analternativeethic,ofcourse,viewsmanasapartofnature,governedbynaturelaw,subjecttotheforcesofgravityandthedemandsofhisbody.Thedebateaboutartificialintelligenceandthesimulationofman'sthinkingis,inconsiderablepart,aconfrontationofthesetwoviewsofman'splaceintheuniverse.

1.Whyisitimportanttopreventtheabuseofcomputerdatabands?

2.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutdatefiles?

3.Toomuchcautionintheuseofcomputerswill______..

4.Whatlessonscanbelearnedfromthepastinthisdecade?

5.Thearrivalofthecomputerhasmademan______.

问题1选项

A.Toprotecttherightoftheindividual.

B.Tomaintaindisciplineinsociety.

C.Toencourageeconomicandsocialresearch.

D.Tocollectwide-ranginginformation.

问题2选项

A.Itmaycauseinvasionofprivacy.

B.Dangerscausedbyitshouldbepaidmuchattentionto.

C.Computerdatafilesshouldbeprotectedfromabuse.

D.Itisreasonabletocanceldatafilesinordertoprotectprivacy.

问题3选项

A.preventthesolutionofeconomicproblems

B.causemoresuppressionofhumanfreedom

C.leadtoclumsymethodsofprotection

D.interferewithourstudyofsociety

问题4选项

A.Privateissuehasalwaysbeenassociatedwithdatacollection.

B.Attacksonfreedomarenew.

C.Theaccumulationofdataencouragesoppression.

D.Privacyhasbeenaneglectedissue.

问题5选项

A.havemoredifficultyunderstandinghimself

B.thinkmorelikeamachine

C.lookathimselfinadifferentway

D.gainlesssatisfactionfromhiswork

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段可知，一些组织利用计算机加强对其成员的监控，并侵犯其隐私权，已引起了相当大的关注。

所以防止计算机数据库的滥用是为了保护个人权利。选项A符合原文。

2.根据第四段的内容可知，计算机数据库文件可以而且必须得到最高程度的保护，防止滥用。但是，我们也必须小心，不要使用鲁莽的保护方法，使我们的社会失去了解其社会进程和分析其问题所需要的重要数据。选项D提出的抹去数据库文件就是鲁莽的保护行为，所以选项D不正确。

3.根据第四段的第三句“Butwemustbecarefulalso,thatwedonotemploysuchcrudemethodsofprotection...”我们必须小心谨慎，否则会产生一些鲁莽笨拙的保护方法，选项C符合原文，

4.根据第四段的第一句“Makingthecomputerthevillainintheinvasionofprivacyorencroachmentoncivillibertiessimplydiversattentionfromtherealdangers.”计算机成为侵犯隐私或公民自由的罪魁祸首，只是把人们的注意力从真正的危险上转移开了。言外之意，隐私权这一问题一直被忽略了。所以选项D项符合原文。

5.根据第五段的第二句“Themostheatedattacks...,asmachines.”对计算机最激烈的抨击不是对经济可能产生的影响，也不是假设破坏工作满意度，或威胁到隐私和自由。而是声称它会导致人们被认为或者认为自己是一台机器。选项B项符合原文。

4.单选题

Antisocialpersonalitiesusuallyfailtounderstandthattheirbehaviorisdysfunctionalbecausetheirabilitytofeelremorsefulisimpaired.

问题1选项

A.offensive

B.sensible

C.regretful

D.inquisitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。remorseful表示“懊悔的，悔恨的”；A项offensive“攻击的，冒犯的，无礼的”，B项sensible“明智的，通情达理的，合乎情理的”，C项regretful“后悔的，遗憾的，惋惜的”，D项inquisitive“好奇的，好问的，爱打听的”。句意：反社会人格通常无法理解他们的行为是不正常的，因为他们感到懊悔的能力受到了损害。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。

5.翻译题

(1)Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease.Andespeciallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有影响的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.(2)Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.

(3)Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.(4)Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well”,inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.(5)Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.

【答案】1.正如我们所见，如今社会医疗保健的重点已从治疗疾病转向预防疾病。

2.这个人没有生病，甚至可能没有患上任何特定疾病的风险，但是我们可以想象他可以更健康。

3.传统上，医学并没有区分那些仅仅是“没有生病”的人和那些身体非常健康并且注意身体特殊需求的人。

4.健康的人注意营养和运动，他们非常重视关注自身的身体状况。

5.通过关注健康的生活方式和概念可以对人们面对日常生活挑战的方式产生积极影响。

6.单选题

Foryearsthetwinbrothershavebeen（）watches,rings,anddiamondsintheneighboringcountries.

问题1选项

A.sheltering

B.smuggling

C.supervising

D.speculating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sheltering“保护，掩蔽”；B选项smuggling“走私”；C选项supervising“监督，管理，指导”；D选项speculating“投机，猜测”。句意：多年来，这对孪生兄弟一直在邻国走私手表、戒指和钻石。空格后提到的watches,rings,anddiamonds手表、戒指和钻石以及毒品等是走私的一般物品，还涉及了neighboringcountries邻国，B选项smuggling“走私”最恰当。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin（）.

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe（）.

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor（）.

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题1选项

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

问题2选项

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

问题3选项

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif（）.

问题4选项

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas（）.

问题5选项

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_____。根据关键词“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.（旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_________上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_________。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

4.细节推理题。题干：如果_________，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_________，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.（不管我们愿意与否，年轻人都生活在某种环境中，而这种环境不断地与儿童和青少年带给它的东西相互影响，其结果是他们的兴趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受误导的。如果自诩的教育家放弃判断和选择在他的理解下有利于成长的环境的责任，那么年轻人就会任由现代社会环境中所有无组织的、随意的力量摆布，只要他们活着，这些力量就不可避免地会对他们产生影响。），所以只有教育者判断和选择对年轻人有利的环境，才能避免他们受到不良的影响，B选项“老师有足够的判断力来做出正确的选择”，符合题意。A选项“教育者放弃他们对受教育者的责任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C选项“教师帮助建立有利于学生成长的条件”，教师只能帮助判断和选择环境，而不是主动创造条件，所以C选项不对。D选项“校长在联合企业中扮演平等的合作者的角色”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解释为何一些国家比其他国家过得好得多时，这个观点是一个强有力的变量：对教育进行大量的投资是有必要的，为了促进多年来的收入增长。而且该观点也有助于解释富裕国家里的家庭规模缩小的原因：如果人力资本的价值不断増加，那么父母就必须要为在每个孩子身上投入更多，而这会使得大家庭的成本更大。许多批评者对贝克尔的市场驱动逻辑感到愤怒，该逻辑似乎让人变得冷漠、精于计算。

2.美国属于哪一种呢？是言论自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的经济体？还是社会堕落、政治腐败、道路和学校状况都是发达国家中最糟糕的国家？外国观察家对美国的情况看法不一。外国公司也同样如此。一些老板为其无法满足的消费者和眼花缭乱的技术而神魂颠倒。其他高管则对其令人难以忍受的律师和虚伪的保护主义而感到厌恶。唐纳德•特朗普承诺当他入主白宫后，会让外国公司如梦初醒：上个月，他严厉谴责了丰田在墨西哥生产汽车并向美国北部销售的行为。但事实上，许多外国公司在多年前就失去了对美国的兴趣了。

9.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

我们要树立必胜信念、继续埋头苦干，贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，着力推进结构性改革，着力推进改革开放，着力促进社会公平正义，着力营造政治上的绿水青山，为全面建成小康社会决胜阶段开好局、起好步。

【答案】Weshouldremainfirminourconvictiontosucceed,continuetoworkhardandimplementthevisionofachievinginnovative,coordinated,green,openandshareddevelopment.Wewillendeavortocarryoutstructuralreform,acceleratereformandopening-up,promotesocialequityandjustice,andcreateasoundpoliticalenvironment.Doingsowillenableustogetofftoagoodstartinoureffortstofinishbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsinthisdecisivestage.

10.单选题

Facingthedanger,theywerequitethemselves.

问题1选项

A.incaseof

B.innameof

C.inpossessionof

D.inchargeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。incaseof“万一”；innameof“名义上”；inpossessionof“拥有；占有”；inchargeof“负责；主管”。句意：面对危险，他们能够照顾好自己。选项D符合题意。

11.翻译题

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidityoftheappetite,ofadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.Wegrowoldbydesertingourideals.Yearsmaywrinkletheskin.Buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.

TranslatethefollowingshortparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】青春不是生命的时段，而是一种心态，不是玫瑰色的脸颊、红润的嘴唇和灵活的膝盖，而是一种意志，一种想象能力，一种情感的活力。它是生命深泉中的清新。青春意味着战胜懦弱的性情中的勇气，战胜安逸的冒险精神。这有时候会存在于一个60的老人中，不仅是20岁的男孩。没有人仅仅因为岁月的流逝而变老，我们是因为抛弃我们的理想而变老。岁月在皮肤上留下皱纹，但是放弃活力是灵魂变得沧桑。忧虑、缺乏自信是心灵不胜重负并且将青春化作尘埃。

12.单选题

Oneofindustrialagriculture’sbiggestGMOcropsmayhavejustbackfired(产生事与愿违的后果).Scientistshaveconfirmedthatcorn-destroyingrootwormshaveevolvedtoberesistanttotheBtcornengineeredtokillthem.

BtstandsforBacillusthuringiensis(苏云金芽孢杆菌),thenameofthegeneticallymodifiedcorn’s“donor”organism.Bacillusthuringiensisisanaturallyoccurringsoilbacteriumthatproducesproteincrystalsthatbindtocertainreceptorsintherootworm’sintestine(肠),killingit.Foryears,farmershaveplantedBtcornasanalternativetosprayinginsecticides.Btcornaccountedforthree-quartersofallcornplantingin2013.Thatmayhavetochange.

AfterfindingacornfieldinIowain2011thatwasdecimated(大幅度下降)byrootwormdespitebeingplantedwiththeBtcorn,IowaStateUniversityentomologistAaronGassmannandhisteambegantostudythepests’interactionswiththegeneticallymodifiedorganism(orGMO)corninalab.Theirstudy,publishedMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,describesthewesterncornrootworm’srapidevolutionafterfeedingontheengineeredcrop.

ButBtcornisstillcapableofwardingoffotherpests,sofarmerswilllikelykeepplantingit.Exceptnowthey’llneedtousepesticidestoprotecttheircropfromrootworms.AsentomologistswarnedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyin2012,rootwormresistancemeansthattheenvironmentaladvantageofBtcorn—thatitcouldberaisedpesticide-free—maydisappear.

“Unlessmanagementpracticeschange,it’sonlygoingtogetworse,”GassmanntoldWired.“Thereneedstobeafundamentalchangeinhowthetechnologyisused.”

Scientistshavepredictedforyearsthatthiscouldhappen,butwarningswererepeatedlyignoredbyregulatorsandfarmers.IttakesmillionsofdollarstodevelopseedslikeBt,soengineeringanalternativeisnotanattractiveoption.Instead,theauthorsofanotherstudyonrootwormBtresistance,whichfocusesonNebraska,takeabiodiversityapproach.

“Croprotationisthebesttool,”UniversityofNebraska-LincolnentomologistLanceMeinketoldFarm&RanchGuide.“Generally,oneyearofsoybeansinafieldwithresistantwesterncornrootwormswipesoutthatpopulation.Thebeetleswilllayeggsthathatch,butwhenlarvae(幼虫)trytofeedonsoybeanplants,theydon’tfindthenutrientstheyneedandtheydie.”

Croprotationcansuppressrootwormpopulationsovertime,reduci