考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学翰林学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京中医药大学翰林学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationsaidonWednesdaythatitistryingtotrackdownasmanyas386pigletsthatmayhavebeengeneticallyengineeredandwrongfullysoldintotheU.S.foodsupply.

ThefocusoftheFDAinvestigationisonpigsraisedbyresearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisinUrbanaChampaign.Theyengineeredtheanimalswithtwogenes:oneisacowgenethatincreasesmilkproductioninthesow;theother,asyntheticgene,makesthemilkeasierforpigletstodigest.Thegoalwastoraisebiggerpigsfaster.

Therehasbeennoevidencethateithergeneticallyalteredplantsoranimalsactuallytriggerhumanillness,butcriticswarnthatpotentialsideeffectsremainunknown.Universityofficialssaytheirtestsshowedthepigletswerenotbornwiththealteredgenes,butFDArulesrequireeventheoffspringofgeneticallyengineeredanimalstobedestroyedsotheywon’tgetintothefoodsupply.

TheFDA,inaquicklyarrangednewsconferenceonWednesdaypromptedbyinquiriesbyUSATODAY,saidtheUniversityofIllinoiswouldfacepossiblesanctionsandfinesforsellingthepigletstoalivestockbroker,whointurnsoldthemtoprocessingplants.

BoththeFDAandtheuniversitysaythepigsthatenteredthemarketdonotposearisktoconsumers.ButtheinvestigationfollowsactionbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureinDecembertofineaTexascompanythatcontaminated500,000bushelsofsoybeanswithcomthathadbeengeneticallyalteredtoproduceavaccineforpigs.

Criticsseesuchcasesasevidenceoftheneedformoregovernmentoversightofaburgeoning(新兴的)areaofscientificresearch.“Thisisasmallincident,butit’sincidentslikethisthatcoulddestroyconsumerconfidenceandexportconfidence”,saysStephanieChildsoftheGroceryManufacturersofAmerica.“WealreadyhaveEuropeshakyonbiotech.Thecountriestowhichweexportaregoingtolookatthis.”

TheUniversityofIllinoissaysittestedtheDNAofeverypigleteighttimestomakesurethattheanimalhadn’tinheritedthegeneticengineeringofitsmother.Thosepigletsthatdidwereputbackintothestudy.Thosethatdidn’tweresoldtothepigbroker.“Anypigthatwastestednegativeforthegenessince1999hasbeensentofftomarket”,saysCharlesZukoski,vicechancellorforresearch.

ButFDAdeputycommissionerLesterCrawfordsaysthatunderthetermsoftheuniversity’sagreementwiththeFDA,theresearcherswereforbiddentoremovethepigletswithoutFDAapproval.“TheUniversityofIllinoisfailedtocheckwithFDAtoseewhetherornottheanimalscouldbesoldontheopenmarket.Andtheywerenottobeusedunderanycircumstanceforfood.”

TheFDAisresponsibleforregulatingandoverseeingtransgenicanimalsbecausesuchgeneticmanipulationisconsideredanunapprovedanimaldrug.

1.The386pigletswrongfullysoldintofoodsupplyarefrom___.

2.Thepurposeofthetransgenicengineeringresearchisto___.

3.The4thparagraphshowsthattheUniversityofIllinois___.

4.TheFDAdeclaresthatthewrongfullysoldpiglets___.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat___.

问题1选项

A.Europe

B.anAmericanresearchorganization

C.ameatprocessingplant

D.ananimalfarm

问题2选项

A.getpigsoflargersizeinashortertime

B.makesowsproducemoremilk

C.makecowsproducemoremilk

D.makepigsgrowmoreleanmeat

问题3选项

A.wascriticizedbytheFDA

B.isingreattrouble

C.isrequiredbytheFDAtocallbackthesoldpiglets

D.mayhavetopaythepenalty

问题4选项

A.mayhavesideeffectsonconsumers

B.maybeharmfultoconsumers

C.aresafetoconsumers

D.maycausehumanillness

问题5选项

A.alltheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

B.partoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

C.noneoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

D.halfoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据第一段TheFoodandDrugAdministrationsaidonWednesdaythatitistryingtotrackdownasmanyas386pigletsthatmayhavebeengeneticallyengineeredandwrongfullysoldintotheU.S.foodsupply.（美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）周三表示，他们正在努力追查多达386只可能被转基因并非法出售给美国食品供应商的小猪）以及第二段第一句ThefocusoftheFDAinvestigationisonpigsraisedbyresearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisinUrbanaChampaign.（FDA调查的重点是伊利诺伊大学厄本那香槟分校的研究人员饲养的猪）可知选B选项“一个美国研究组织”；A选项“欧洲”，C选项“一个肉类加工厂”以及D选项“一个动物农场”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段第二，三句Theyengineeredtheanimalswithtwogenes:oneisacowgenethatincreasesmilkproductioninthesow;theother,asyntheticgene,makesthemilkeasierforpigletstodigest.Thegoalwastoraisebiggerpigsfaster.（他们用两个基因改造了这些动物：一个是奶牛基因，可以增加母猪的产奶量；另一种是合成基因，使仔猪更容易消化牛奶。目标是更快地饲养更大的猪）可知选A选项“在更短的时间内得到更大的猪”，以及B选项“使母猪产更多的奶”错误，B选项只是被改造的内容，不是目标；C选项“使奶牛产更多的牛奶”以及D选项“使猪长出更多的瘦肉”不符合原文。因此A选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第四段TheFDA,inaquicklyarrangednewsconferenceonWednesdaypromptedbyinquiriesbyUSATODAY,saidtheUniversityofIllinoiswouldfacepossiblesanctionsandfinesforsellingthepigletstoalivestockbroker,whointurnsoldthemtoprocessingplants.（在《今日美国》的询问促使下，FDA于周三迅速安排了一场新闻发布会，称伊利诺伊大学将面临可能的制裁和罚款，因为它将这些小猪卖给牲畜经纪人，而后者又将它们卖给加工厂）可知选D选项“可能不得不支付罚款”；A选项“被FDA批评”，B选项“麻烦大了”以及C选项“FDA要求召回出售的仔猪”在原文都没有体现。因此D选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第五段第一句BoththeFDAandtheuniversitysaythepigsthatenteredthemarketdonotposearisktoconsumers.（FDA和大学都表示，进入市场的猪不会对消费者构成风险）可知选C选项“对消费者是安全的”，以及B选项“可能对消费者有害”错误，和原文有悖；根据原文第三段第一句Therehasbeennoevidencethateithergeneticallyalteredplantsoranimalsactuallytriggerhumanillness,butcriticswarnthatpotentialsideeffectsremainunknown.（目前还没有证据表明转基因植物或动物会引发人类疾病，但批评者警告说，潜在的副作用仍然未知）可知A选项“可能对消费者有副作用”，D选项“可能导致人类疾病”不符合原文，错误。因此C选项正确。

5.推理判断题。定位到原文第七段TheUniversityofIllinoissaysittestedtheDNAofeverypigleteighttimestomakesurethattheanimalhadn’tinheritedthegeneticengineeringofitsmother.Thosepigletsthatdidwereputbackintothestudy...“Anypigthatwastestednegativeforthegenessince1999hasbeensentofftomarket”,saysCharlesZukoski,vicechancellorforresearch.（伊利诺伊大学表示，他们对每只小猪的DNA进行了8次测试，以确保这只动物没有继承其母亲的基因工程。这些小猪被放回研究中……负责研究的副校长查尔斯•祖科斯基表示：“自1999年以来，任何检测出该基因呈阴性的猪都将被送往市场。”）可知并不是每一只小猪都会继承母亲的基因工程，选B选项“部分后代有他们母亲的基因工程”；A选项“所有的后代都有他们母亲的基因工程”，C选项“没有一个后代有他们母亲的基因工程”以及D选项“一半的后代有他们母亲的基因工程”都和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

I’msurprisedtheyarenolongeronspeakingterms.It’snotlikeeitherofthemtobeara（）.

问题1选项

A.disgust

B.curse

C.grudge

D.hatred

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disgust“厌恶，嫌恶”；B选项curse“诅咒；咒骂”；C选项grudge“怨恨；不满”；D选项hatred“憎恨；怨恨；敌意”。由本句“I’msurprisedtheyarenolongeronspeakingterms”（我很惊讶他们不说话了）可知他们之前的关系是很好的，所以这里的语义最有可能是不满，没有到有敌意那么严重。句意：我很惊讶他们不再说话了，他们俩不像是对对方不满。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Theplanet’swildcreaturesfaceanewthreat—fromyuppies(雅皮士),emptynestersandoneparentfamilies.

Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.

EvenwherepopulationshaveactuallydwindledinsomeregionsofNewZealand,forinstance—thenumbersofindividualhouseholdshasincreased,becauseofdivorce,careerchoice,smallerfamiliesandlongerlifespan.

JianguoLiuofMichiganStateUniversityandcolleaguesfromStanfordUniversityinCaliforniareportinNature,inapaperpublishedonlineinadvance,thatagreaternumberofindividualhouseholds,eachcontainingonaveragefewerpeople,meantmorepressureonnaturalresources.

Townsandcitiesbegantosprawl(蔓延)asnewhomeswerebuilt.Eachhouseholdneededfueltoheatandlightit;eachhouseholdrequireditsownplumbing,cookingandrefrigeration.

“Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.”DrLiusaid.Heandhiscolleagueslookedatthepopulationpatternsoflifein141countries,including76“hotspot”regionsunusuallyrichinavarietyoflocalwildlife.ThesehotspotsincludedAustralia,NewZealand,theUS,Brazil,China,India,Kenya,andItaly.Theyfoundthatbetween1985and2000inthe“hotspot”partsoftheglobe,theannual3.1%growthrateinthenumberofhouseholdswasfarhigherthanthepopulationgrowthrateof1.8%.

“Hadtheaveragehouseholdsizeremainedatthe1985level,”thescientistsreport,“therewouldhavebeen155millionfewerhouseholdsinhotspotcountriesin2000”.

DrLiu’sworkgrewfromthealarmingdiscoverythatthegiantpandaslivinginChina’sWolongreservearemoreatrisknowthantheywerewhenthereservewasfirstestablished.Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.

Onlyaround1.75millionspeciesontheplanethavebeennamedanddescribed.Biologistsestimatethattherecouldbe7million,oreven17million,asyettobeidentified.Buthumannumbershavegrownmorethansix-foldinthepast200years,andhumansandtheirlivestockarenowthegreatestsingleconsumergroupontheplanet.Theworldpopulationwillcontinuetosoar,perhapslevelingoffaround9billioninthenextcentury.Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.

56.Biologistsreportthatthebiodiversityisdecreasingbecause（）.

57.Researchersstatethat（）.

58.Theexampleinparagraph8indicatedthat（）.

59.Someenvironmentalistswarnthatthesoaringpopulationwillcause（）.

60.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat（）.

问题1选项

A.moreindividualhouseholdsareincreasinggreatly

B.humanbeingsarethreateningmanywildcreatures

C.humanpopulationshavebeendecreasinginrecentyears

D.wildcreaturesdependonmoreindividualhouseholds

问题2选项

A.largerfamiliesaremoreefficientinconsumingnaturalresourcesthansmallerfamilies

B.bothlargerandsmallerfamiliesneedthesameamountsofnaturalresources

C.smallerfamiliesaremoreextravagantinliving

D.largerfamiliesaremorefrugalinliving

问题3选项

A.thelocalpeopledonotmindconservingthenaturalenvironment

B.thelocalpeopleshouldfurthercontroltheriseofpopulation

C.theincreaseoflocalpopulationledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

D.theincreaseofindividualhouseholdsledtothedecreaseofbiodiversity

问题4选项

A.thedegradationofpeople’slivingstandardinthenextcentury

B.thedeteriorationoflivingenvironmentinthenextcentury

C.thereproductionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

D.theextinctionofmorewildspeciesinthenextcentury

问题5选项

A.theincreaseofhumanpopulationleadstomoredestructionofthenaturalworld

B.thedecreaseofanimalnopopulationresultsfromthedwindlingbiodiversityinthenaturalworld

C.theplanet’sbiodiversityisalsorelatedtothenumberofhouseholds

D.theplanet’sbiodiversityreliesonthebalancedincreaseoflargerandsmallerhouseholds

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】56.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）也就是说生物多样性的减少是由于个体家庭数量的激增，因此A选项符合题意。B选项“人类正在威胁许多野生动物”；文章没有提到；C选项“近年来人口一直在减少”，不是原因；D选项“野生动物依赖更多的个体家庭”，无关项。

57.事实细节题。根据题干信息定位到第六段的第一句话Inlargerhouseholds,theefficiencyofresourceconsumptionwillbealothigher,becausemorepeoplesharethings.（在规模更大的家庭中，资源消耗的效率会高得多，因为更多的人分享东西。）因此A选项“大家庭在消耗自然资源方面比小家庭更有效率”正确。B选项“无论是大家庭还是小家庭都需要相同数量的自然资源”；C选项“小家庭生活更奢侈”以及D选项“大家庭生活更节俭”都是原文没有提到的。

58.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第八段的最后一句Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）可知，小规模家庭的增多，意味着对自然生态的破坏就越多，生物的多样性就会减少，因此D选项“个体家庭的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”正确。A选项“当地人不介意保护自然环境”，并没有体现；B选项“当地人应该进一步控制人口的增长”，过度推断；C选项“当地人口的增加导致了生物多样性的减少”，并不是人口的增多，而是小规模家庭的增多，错误。

59.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到最后一段最后一句话Environmentalcampaignershaveclaimedthatbetweenaquarterandahalfofallthespeciesonearthcouldbecomeextinctinthenextcentury.（环保人士声称，地球上四分之一到一半的物种可能在下个世纪灭绝。）通过这句话可知，人口的增多，将导致更多的生物物种在下个世纪灭绝。因此D选项“下个世纪将有更多的野生物种灭绝”正确。A选项“下个世纪人们生活水平的下降”；B选项“下个世纪生活环境的恶化”以及C选项“下个世纪更多野生物种的繁殖”都不符合原文。

60.主旨大意题。在第二段中Biologistsstudyingthepressureontheplanet’sdwindlingbiodiversitytodayreportonanewreasonforalarm.Althoughtherateofgrowthinthehumanpopulationisdecreasing,thenumberofindividualhouseholdsisexploding.（生物学家研究地球上日益减少的生物多样性所带来的压力，今天报告了一个新的警报理由。尽管人口的增长率在下降，但个体家庭的数量却在激增。）以及最后一段中Thelocalpopulationhadgrown,butthetotalnumberofhomeshadincreasedmoreswiftly,tomakegreaterinroadsintothebambooforests.（当地人口增长了，但房屋的总数增长得更快，从而对竹林产生了更大的影响。）都可以得知研究人员发现小规模家庭的增多，势必会消耗更多的能源，破坏更多的生态平衡，也就导致了生物多样性的减少，因此C选项“地球的生物多样性也与家庭的数量有关”正确。A选项“人口的增长导致了对自然世界更多的破坏”；B选项“动物数量的减少是由于自然界生物多样性的减少”以及“地球的生物多样性依赖于大大小小的家庭的平衡增长”，都不能阐释文章的主题。

4.单选题

Googleisnottheonlysearchutilityintown,butitcomeswithsucha(n)（

）collectionoftoolstofocusyoursearchthatitistheengineofchoiceformanyofus.

问题1选项

A.comparable

B.formidable

C.innumerable

D.compatible

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容词辨析。comparable“可比较的”；formidable“强大的”；innumerable“无数的”；compatible“兼容的”。句意：谷歌并非唯一的搜索工具，不过，它有强大的工具集合，使其能够强化搜索能力，因此谷歌是大多数人选择使用的搜索引擎。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Thesenator'sattempttoconvincethepublicthatsheisnotinterestedinrunningforasecondtermisfutile.

问题1选项

A.laudable

B.sincere

C.authentic

D.useless

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：这位参议员试图让公众相信她对竞选连任没有兴趣，但这只是徒劳。A选项laudable“值得赞赏的”；B选项sincere“真诚的”；C选项authentic“真正的，真实的”；D选项useless“无用的，无效的”。futile意为“无用的，无效的”，选项D与之意思相近，代入符合语境。

6.单选题

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如……一样，像……一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply_____whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.absolved

C.dissolved

D.solved

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近动词辨析。resolve“解决；决心要”；absolve“免除，赦免”；dissolve“溶解；解散”；solve“解决”。句意：只有一间教室的学校，所有科目同时教授给所有年级的学生，当更好的交通条件允许有专门的空间和专门的教学时，就简单地……。这里用“解散”更符合句意，因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Thecrisisinourindustrywas____byintensecompetitionfromforeignproducers.

问题1选项

A.broughton

B.broughtforward

C.broughtup

D.broughtround

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.broughton导致；引起B.broughtforward提出；提前

C.broughtup提出；教育；养育D.broughtround使改变观点；说服

【答案】A

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争……。根据逻辑，外国生产商的激烈竞争可能会引起我国的工业危机。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争引起的。

9.单选题

Asaresult,theyhadto（）answeringtheirletterbythreedays.

问题1选项

A.decide

B.refrain

C.surpass

D.delay

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。选项中只有delay后面可以接动名词。句意：他们不得不推迟三天回信。所以本题选D。

10.单选题

BytheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodslavesocietywas______disintegration.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.onthetopof

C.inthelightof

D.onthevergeof

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项onthegroundof“因为”；B选项onthetopof“除……之外；在……之上”；C选项inthelightof“鉴于”；D选项onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”。句意：到春秋末年，奴隶社会已______处于解体。根据语境，这里指奴隶社会快要解体了，所以onthevergeof“接近于，濒临于”符合题意。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

Withthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,aninternationalmediumofexchangeisrequired.Fromthelate1800suntilWorldWarI,mostcountriesoperatedonthegoldstandard.Goldcoinsofstandardspecificationscirculatedfreelybetweencountries,makinggoldineffectaninternationalcurrency.Thissystemprovidedanautomaticcorrectionforsometradeimbalances,butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade),anditwasvulnerablytoshort-termchangesinthegoldsupply.

Afterthefinancialstabilityofthe1930s，theinternationalmonetarysystemwasre-builtfollowingWorldWarIIonthegold-exchangestandard.ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice($35anounceuntil1968).TheInternationalMonetaryFund,akeyinstitutionsetupunderthissystem,makesinternationalloanswithcapitalsubscribedbyitsmembers,whichincludemostnoncommuniststates.Votingrightsareproportionaltotheamountssubscribed.TheIMFhasbeenable,throughitsloans,tostabilizefluctuatingcurrenciesandtoinfluencetheinternalfinancialpoliciesofrecipientcountries,afrequentlycriticizedpractice.

Thesuccessofthegoldexchangestandard,however,dependedonthesuperiorpositionoftheUSinworldtrade.Inthe1960s,continualbalancepaymentsdeficitsloweredUSgoldreservesandfatallyunderminedthesystem.In1968atwo-tieredsystemwasadopted.Governmentbanksmaintainedafixedgoldprice,whilenonegovernmentalbuyerstradedfreely.Simultaneously,non-dollarspecialdrawingrightwereassignedtoIMFmembersinproportiontotheircontributions.Butthesechangesdidn’trelievethestrainontheUSdollar.In1971PresidentRichardNixonannouncedthatdollarswouldnolongerautomaticallybeexchangedforgold,andsincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.

1.SinceWorldWarIItheinternationalmonetarysystemhasshownanoveralltrendtoward（

）.

2.Thereasonwhythegoldstandardhadlimitedliquidityisprobablebecause

（

）.

3.Thegold-exchangestandarddiffersfromthegoldstandardinthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.greatercentralizecontrolofworldtrade.

B.tryingthevalueofworldcurrenciesratherthanthevalueofgoldsupply

C.increasinglystablecurrencies

D.substitutingseveraldifferentmonetarystandardsforasingleunifiedstandard

问题2选项

A.themoneysupplycouldnotincreasefasterthanthetrade

B.themoneysupplyvariedindependentlyofthegoldsupply

C.itwasimpossibletoconvertthecurrencyofonecountryintothatofanother

D.anation’scurrencycouldnotbefreelyconvertedintogold

问题3选项

A.itdoesnotestablishagenerallyacceptedinternationalmediumofexchange

B.itestablishesnorelationshipbetweenthevalueofagivencurrencyandthevalueofgold

C.therelationshipitestablishesbetweenthevalueofanycurrencyandwhateverthevalueofgoldisindirectratherthandirect.

D.itisatwo-tieredratherthanasingle-tieredsystem.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段讲了金本位制下黄金作为国际货币的不足之处；第二段提到国际货币体系取代黄金作为国际货币交换的媒介；再根据第三段最后一句“sincethentherehasbeennosingleinternationalmonetarystandard.从那时起，就没有单一的国际货币标准。”也就是说出现了多种货币体系来代替统一的标准，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“butithadlittleliquidity(themoneysupplycouldnotexpandasrapidlyasrequiredbyexpandingtrade).但它几乎没有流动性(货币供应不能像扩大贸易所需要的那样迅速扩张)。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。

3.判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“ThevaluesofmostnationalcurrencieswerefixedinrelationtotheUSdollar,reserveswerekeptindollars,whichwouldbeexchangedondemandforgoldatasetprice.大多数国家货币的价值与美元挂钩是固定的，外汇储备以美元形式保存，这些美元将在黄金需求时以固定价格兑换。”由此可知，金汇兑本位制区别于金本位制是由于它在任何货币价值和黄金价值之间所建立的关系不是直接的，而是间接的。所以选项C符合原文。

12.不定项选择题

Adulteducationisthepracticeofteachingandeducatingadults.Thisisoftendoneintheworkplace,or_1_“continuingeducation”coursesatsecondaryschools,oratacollegeoruniversity.

Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating_2_inseveralways.Oneofthemostimportant_3_isthatadultshavegainedknowledgeandexperienceswhichcan_4_addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.

Anotherimportantdifferenceisthatadultsmustfrequentlyapplytheirknowledgeinsome_5_fashioninordertolearneffectively;theremustbea_6_andareasonableexpectationthatthenewknowledgewillhelpthemfurtherthatgoal.Oneexample,_7_inthe1990s,wasthespreadofcomputertrainingcoursesin_8_adults,mostofthemofficeworkers,couldenroll.Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor_9_applicationsoftware.BecausetheskillsrequiredtointeractwithaPCweresonew,manypeoplewhohadbeenworkingwhite-collarjobsfortenyearsormoreeventuallytooksuchtrainingcourses,eitheroftheirownwill,togaincomputerskillsandthusearnhigherpay,or_10_oftheirbosses.

问题1选项

A.by

B.from

C.on

D.through

问题2选项

A.children

B.students

C.workers

D.employees

问题3选项

A.signs

B.features

C.differences

D.practices

问题4选项

A.either

B.neither

C.both

D.so

问题5选项

A.probable

B.practical

C.modern

D.routine

问题6选项

A.plan

B.prospect

C.goal

D.possibility

问题7选项

A.normal

B.common

C.regular

D.profitable

问题8选项

A.that

B.which

C.those

D.whose

问题9选项

A.specific

B.special

C.spectacled

D.spectacular

问题10选项

A.withthecost

B.inthecase

C.forthesake

D.attherequest

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:考查介词辨析。句意：这通常是在工作中完成，或（）初中，大学的“继续教育”课程中完成。根据文章句意，可以把B选项from和C选项排除；A选项by和D选项through虽然都有“凭借、通过”的意思，但by表示方式、手段或借助某种工具，through侧重经历某过程。因此答案选A。

第2题:考查上下文语义。A选项“孩子”；B选项“学生”；C选项“工人”；D选项“员工”。句意：成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育。这句话的主语是adult（成人），与adult对应的是children，所以答案选A。

第3题:考查上下文语义。A选项“信号”；B选项“特征”；C选项“不同”；D选项“实践，惯例”。上文中说到Educatingadultsdiffersfromeducating()inseveralways.（成人教育在几个方面不同于（）教育）从关键词differsfrom（不同）可知，此空格选C。

第4题:考查固定搭配。句意：这可以（）增加价值的学习经验或干扰它。whichcan()addvaluetoalearningexperienceorinterferewithit.A选项either“两者中的任何一个”；B选项neither“两者都不”；C选项both“都”；D选项so“如此”。这句话后面有个连接词or，而能和or搭配的只有either，所以答案选A。

第5题:考查上下文语义。A选项“很可能”；B选项“实际上”；C选项“现代的”；D选项“常规的”。句意：另一个重要的区别是为了学得有效率，成年人必须经常把这些知识运用在（）方面上。根据句意B选项最合适。

第6题:考查上下文语义。A选项“计划”；B选项prospect“预期”；C选项“目标”；D选项“可能性”。句意：必须有一个（）以及一个合理的期望能够让新知识帮助他们进一步实现这个目标。本句中空格后一句出现了thatgoal，that在这是特指代词，指文章中出现过的一个目标，但是前文中没有出现goal或者其同义词，所以答案选C。

第7题:考查形容词辨析。A选项“典型的；正常的；一般的”；B选项“常见的；通常的；普遍的”；C选项“有规律的，经常的”；D选项“有利可图的”。句意：有个例子，（）20世纪90年代，就是电脑的流行……。根据句意，文章要表达的意思是在1990年成人电脑课程很流行。因为流行所以报班的现象会很普遍，所以答案选B。选A选项的话会暗含一种成人报电脑班在1990年很正常，但是现在就不那么正常了的意思。

第8题:考查定语从句关系词。句意：在20世纪90年代，很普遍的一个例子是计算机培训课程流行于成年中，这些成年人大多数是办公室职员可以参加这种课程。整个句子中有两套主谓结构，即examples+wasthespreadof和adults+enroll，两个句子没有连词，所以我们知道这题考查的知识点是从句，而且是定语从句。those不能引导从句，所以排除C；在定语从句中，关系代词前面有介词时我们不能用that只能用which，而whose前面也不能放介词，所以答案选B选项which。

第9题:考查名词辨析。A选项“特定的”；B选项“特殊的”；C选项“戴了眼镜的”；D选项“壮观的”。Thesecoursewouldteachbasicuseoftheoperatingsystemor()applicationsoftware.（这些课程将教授基础的操作系统的使用或（）应用软件的基本用法）。根据句子意思排除C，D选项，而且根据空格前面的关键词basic，可以推测后面应该用basic的对应词是specific，而不是special，所以答案选A。

第10题:考查短语辨析。A选项withthecost没有这种搭配；B选项“至于，在……的情况下”；C选项“为了……的利益”；D选项“应……的要求”。句意：要么就是为了自己想要学习电脑技能或者取得更高报酬的愿望，要么就是他们老板的（）。根据句意C，D排除；本句表示因为什么原因上班族想要上电脑班，为了老板的利益去报班和在老板的要求下去报班之间，显然是后者更符合逻辑，所以答案选D。

13.单选题

Bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,manydifferentkindsofProtestants（新教徒）livedtoAmerica.AlthoughtheChurchofEnglandwasanestablishedchurchinseveralcolonies,Protestantslivedsidebysideinrelativeharmony.Alreadytheyhadbeguntoinfluenceeachother.TheGreatAwakeningofthe1740s,a“revival”movementwhichsoughttobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligioncutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroups,ordenominations.

AtthesametimetheworksofJohnLockewerebecomingknowninAmerica.JohnLockereasonedthattherighttogoverncomesfromanagreementor“socialcontract”voluntarilyenteredintobyfreepeople.ThePuritanexperienceinformingcongregationsmadethisideaseemnaturaltomanyAmericans.Takingitoutoftherealmofsocialtheory,theymadeitarealityandformedanation.

ItwaspoliticsandnotreligionthatmostoccupiedAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependenceandforyearsafterward.AfewAmericansweresoinfluencedbythenewscienceandnewideasoftheEnlightenmentinEuropethattheybecamedeists,believingthatreasonteachesthatGodexistsbutleavesmanfreetosettlehisownaffairs.

ManytraditionalProtestantsanddeistscouldagree,however,that,astheDeclarationofIndependencestates，”allmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienablerights,”andthat“thelawsofNatureandNature’sGod”entitledthemtoformanewnation.Amongtherightsthatthenewnationguaranteed,asapoliticalnecessityinareligiouslydiversesociety,wasfreedomofreligion.

TheFirstAmendment（修正案）totheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesforbadenewfederalgovernmenttogivespecialfavorstoanyreligionortohinderthefreepractice,orotherwiseofreligion.TheUnitedStateswouldhavenostate-supportedreligioninthisway,thosemenwhoformulatedtheprincipaltenetsofthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsystemhopedtoinsurethatdiversityofreligionbeliefshouldneverbecomethesourceofsocialorpoliticalinjusticeordisaffection.

TheFirstAmendmentinsuredthatAmericangovernmentwouldnotmeddleinreligiousaffairsorrequireanyreligiousbeliefsofitscitizens.Butdiditmeanthatgovernmentwouldbereligiouslyneutral,treatingallreligionsalike?

Insomeways,thegovernmentsupportsallreligions.ReligiousgroupsdonotpaytaxestotheUnitedStatesPresidentsandotherpoliticalleadersoftencallonGodtoblesstheAmericannationandpeople.Thosewhosereligionforbidsthemtofightcanperformotherservicesinsteadofbecomingsoldiers.Butgovernmentdoesnotpayministerssalariesorrequireanybelief-notevenabeliefinGod-asaconditionofholdingpublicoffice.Oathsareadministered,butthosewho,likeQuakers,objecttothem,canmakeasolemnaffirmation,ordeclaration,instead.

Thetruthisthatforsomepurposesgovernmentignoresreligionandforotherpurposedittreatsallreligionsalikeatleastasfarasispractical.Whendisputesabouttherelationshipbetweengovernmentandreligionarise,Americancourtsmustsettlethem.

1.WhatistheGreatAwakening?

2.WhatcontrolledAmericans’mindsduringtheWarofIndependence?

3.（

）

entitledAmericanstohavethefreedomofreligion.

4.IntheFirstAmendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,itisstipulatedthat

5.Whichofthefollowingistheproofthatthegovernmentignoresreligioninsomeways?

问题1选项

A.TocutacrossthelinesofProtestantreligiousgroupsordenomination.

B.Arevivalmovementofseekingtobreathenewfeelingandstrengthintoreligion.

C.Tolivesidebysideinrelativeharmony.

D.Tospreadreligiousideatoothercountries.

问题2选项

A.Politics

B.Religion

C.Protestants

D.C