考研考博-英语-安徽艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽艺术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed_______andmeansofpacking.

问题1选项

A.specimens

B.inspections

C.samples

D.specifications

【答案】D

【解析】specimens样本;inspections视察,检查;samples样品;specifications规格,规范。句意：为了使您对我们的产品有一个大致的了解,随函附上我方经营的各种产品的目录,以及详细的规格和包装方法。选项D更符合句意。

2.翻译题

Ifyoulookintoadirectoryofsuccessfulpeoplewhoaredoctors,engineersandITprofessionals,thenyouwillnoticethatmanyofthemdreamtobeemployedbypeoplelikeBillGates,whoareprosperousdespitenothavingcollegedegrees.Inotherwords,prosperitydoesnotdependuponacademicqualificationsbutuponopportunitiesprovidedbyentrepreneurswhomaynotbenecessarilybehighlyeducated.Successfulentrepreneursevenbenefitfromnothavingacademicqualifications,becausegoingtocollegeandtakingexaminationsforcespeopletolearnandthinklikemillionsofothergraduates.Thisactuallymakesitlesslikelythattheywillcomeupwiththetrulymould-breakinginsightsand“disruptive”ideasonwhichsuccessfulinnovationsandnewbusinessmodelsarebuilt.

【答案】如果你看一下医生、工程师和IT专业人士等成功人士的名录，你会发现他们中的许多人都梦想着被像比尔•盖茨这样的尽管没有大学学位，却很成功的人雇用。换句话说，成功并不取决于学历，而是取决于那些不一定受过高等教育的企业家所提供的机会。成功的企业家甚至从没有学历中受益，因为上大学和参加考试迫使人们像数百万其他毕业生一样学习和思考。这实际上降低了他们提出真正突破模式的见解和颠覆性想法的可能性，而成功的创新和新的商业模式正是建立在这些见解和想法之上的。

3.单选题

______isthecenterofourplanetarysystemwasadifficultconcepttograspintheMiddleAges.

问题1选项

A.Thatthesunandnottheearth

B.Beingthesunandnottheearth

C.Itisthesunandnottheearth

D.Thesunandnottheearth

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查主语从句。句意：在中世纪，行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球，这是一个很难理解的概念。句子开头到planetarysystem是主语从句，意思是“行星系的中心是太阳而不是地球”，其中横线部分充当主语从句的主语。that引导的主语从句在句首时，that不能省略，A选项Thatthesunandnottheearth符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Althoughthemaincharactersinthenovelaresotruetolife,theyarecertainly____bytheauthor.

问题1选项

A.imaginary

B.imagining

C.imaginable

D.imaginative

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.imaginary幻想的；虚构的B.imagining想象（现在分词）

C.imaginable想象得到的D.imaginative有想象力的

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“虽然小说中的主要人物都很真实，但他们确实是作者____。”空格处所填词用来修饰作者笔下的小说人物，并且与真实的（sotruetolife）意义相对，因此，A选项imaginary“幻想的；虚构的”最符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都是正确选项的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】虽然小说中的主要人物都很逼真，但他们确实是作者虚构的。

5.单选题

Whentelevisionisgood,nothing—notthetheatre,notthemagazines,ornewspapers—nothingisbetter.Butwhentelevisionisbad,nothingisworse.Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevisionsetwhenyourstationgoesontheairandstaytherewithoutabook,magazine,newspaper,oranythingelsetodistractyouandkeepyoureyesgluedtothatsetuntilthestationsignsoff.Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.Youwillseeaprocessionofgameshows,violence,audienceparticipationshows,formulacomediesabouttotallyunbelievablefamilies,bloodandthunder,mayhem,moreviolence,sadism,murder,Westernbadmen,Westerngoodmen,privateeyes,gangster,stillmoreviolence,andcartoons.Andendlessly,commercialsthatscreamandoffend.Andmostofall,boredom.True,youwillseeafewthingsyouwillenjoy.Buttheywillbevery,veryfew.AndifyouthinkIexaggerate,tryit.

Istherenoroomontelevisiontoteach,toinform,touplift,tostretch,toenlargethecapacitiesofourchildren?Istherenoroomforprogramstodeepenthechildren’sunderstandingofchildreninotherlands?Istherenoroomforachildren’snewsshowexplainingsomethingabouttheworldforthemattheirlevelofunderstanding?Istherenoroomforreadingthegreatliteratureofthepast,teachingthemthegreattraditionsoffreedom?Therearesomefinechildren’sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.Mustthesebeyourtrademarks?Searchyourconscienceandseewhetheryoucannotoffermoretoyouryoungchildrenwhosefutureyouguardsomanyhourseachandeveryday.

Therearemanypeopleinthisgreatcountry,andyoumustserveallofus.Youwillgetnoargumentfrommeifyousaythat,givenachoicebetweenaWesternandasymphony,morepeoplewillwatchtheWestern.IlikeWesternsandprivateeyes,too.Butasteadydietforthewholecountryisobviouslynotinthepublicinterest.Weallknowthatpeoplewouldmoreoftenprefertobeentertainedthanstimulatedorinformed.Butyourobligationsarenotsatisfiedifyoulookonlytopopularityasatestofwhattobroadcast.Youarenotonlyinshowbusiness;youarefreetocommunicateideasaswellastogiverelaxation.Youmustprovideawiderrangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation’swhims—youmustalsoservethenation’sneeds.Thepeopleowntheair.Theyownitasmuchinprimeeveningtimeastheydoatsixo’clockinthemorning.Foreveryhourthatthepeoplegiveyou—youowethemsomething.Iintendtoseethatyourdebtispaidwithservice.

1.Whattheauthoradvisesustodoisto（）.

2.Whatseemstohaveoffendedtheauthormostontelevisionis（）.

3.Asfaraschildrenareconcerned,theauthor’schiefcomplaintisthat（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,itisinthepublicinterestto（）.

5.Itistheobligationoftelevisionbusinessto（）.

问题1选项

A.readabookwhilewatchingtelevisionprograms

B.observeavastwastelandontelevision

C.watchalltheprogramsofourtelevisionstation

D.findoutwhytelevisionisgood

问题2选项

A.violence

B.commercials

C.Westerns

D.privateeyes

问题3选项

A.cartoonsandviolencehavebecometrademarks

B.thereisnochildren’snewsshowontelevision

C.thereisnoreadingofgreatliteratureforchildren

D.therearenotenoughgoodtelevisionprogramsforchildren

问题4选项

A.broadcastonlypopulartelevisionprograms

B.catertotheneedsofallthepeople

C.broadcastbothWesternsandsymphonies

D.entertainpeopleonly

问题5选项

A.catertothenation’swhims

B.providebestprogramsinprimeeveningfree

C.broadcastnewsprograms,atsixinthemorning

D.servethenation’sneedsallthetime

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Iinviteyoutositdowninfrontofyourtelevision...Icanassureyouthatyouwillobserveavastwasteland.”可知，选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段的倒数第四句“Andendlessly,commercialsthatscreamandoffend.”可知，最让作者不舒服的是没完没了的广告，所以选项B正确。

3.根据第二段倒数第三句“Therearesomefinechildren’sshows,buttheyaredrownedoutinthemassivedosesofcartoons,violence,andmoreviolence.”有一些不错的儿童节目，但是它们被大量的卡通和暴力所淹没。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为“Youmustprovideawiderrangeofchoices,morediversity,morealternatives.”电视节目应该提供更广泛的选择，以此来迎合所有人的需要。所以选项B正确。

5.最后一段“Itisnotenoughtocatertothenation’swhims—youmustalsoservethenation’sneeds.”仅仅满足民众的愿望是不够的，你还必须满足所有民众的需要。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

6.写作题

Inrecentyears,moreandmoreuniversitygraduatesgobacktotheirhometownintheruralareasandworkthereasteachersorvillagePartysecretaries,etC.afterobtainingtheirbachelorormasterdegrees.Somepeoplesaywhattheydogoesagainstconvention.Otherssaytheruralareasaredesperatelyinneedofskilledadministrators.Thenshoulduniversitygraduatesgotoworkinaruralarea?What’syouropinionaboutthisphenomenon?WriteapassageonthetopicIsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaaWasteofTalent?inabout200words.YoumustwriteclearlyandlogicallyonyourAnswerSheet.（写在试题册上无效。）

IsUniversityGraduates’GoingtoWorkinaRuralAreaAWasteofTalent?

【答案】略。

7.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

研究表明，与20年前相比，尽管社交媒体越来越受人们欢迎，但是青少年的朋友却日益减少。一份历时12年、涵盖20万高中生的研究发现，虽然年轻人的朋友越来越少，但是他们更多交友的意向并无增多。该研究认为，经济变化在促使个人主义增长的同时，可能导致人们交友兴趣减弱，使人们更多转向自立、增强自尊、减少孤独感。

【答案】Despitethegrowingpopularityofsocialmedia,teenagershavefewerfriendsthantheydid20yearsago.Asurvey,carriedoutfor12years,ofmorethan200,000UShighschoolstudentsfoundthatyoungpeoplehadfewerfriends,butlessdesireformakingmorefriends.Thestudyhasshownthateconomicchangesleadtoincreasedindividuality,whichcouldleadtodecreasinginterestinfriends,increasingself-reliance,increasingself-esteemanddecreasingloneliness.

8.单选题

Imarvelthathe______,ithavingbeensaidhehadtakenhisfinaldepartureforPortugal.

问题1选项

A.wasnotherenow

B.shouldnowbehere

C.hadbeenaway

D.hasn’tleft

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.wasnotherenow不在这里B.shouldnowbehere在这里

C.hadbeenaway离开了D.hasn’tleft离开了

【考查点】虚拟语气。

【解题思路】根据marvel可知，该句表示惊讶，而在表示惊讶的句子中，要用shoulddo虚拟语气，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项都不是虚拟语气。

【句意】我很惊讶他现在会在这里，据说他最后一次去了葡萄牙。

9.单选题

Althoughthetwoplayersare

inthetenniscourt,theyarereallygoodfriendsindailylife.

问题1选项

A.partners

B.enemies

C.rivals

D.opponents

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Partner“合作伙伴”；enemy“敌人”；rival“竞争对手”；opponent“反对者”。句意：虽然他们在网球赛场上是竞争对手，但是他们私底下是好朋友。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Theirassurancesofgoodfaithwerehollow;they______ontheagreementalmostatonce.

问题1选项

A.conferred

B.expiated

C.obtruded

D.reneged

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.conferred交换意见；授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）B.expiated为（所犯罪过）接受惩罚；赎（罪）

C.obtruded强行闯入；搅扰D.reneged违背（诺言）；背信弃义

【答案】D

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子前半句句意“他们对诚意的保证是空洞的”可知，they______ontheagreement表达的是“他们违背了协议”，所以空格处填入D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】他们对诚意的保证是空洞的；他们几乎同时违背了协议。

11.单选题

Hydrogenisoneofthemostimportantelementsintheuniverse（

）itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.

问题1选项

A.sothat

B.butthat

C.providedthat

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里的空格考查前后两个句子之间的关系。根据后面句子的意思“itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。这里选项D“inthat因为”适合前后句子语境意思，句意为：氢是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因为它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架。D为正确答案。

12.单选题

Icouldnotimaginethat（

）possible.

问题1选项

A.be

B.being

C.is

D.was

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我简直不能想象那是有可能的。

语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。imagine之后的that引导的宾语从句需要用虚拟语气：should+动词原形,此时should可以省略。

13.单选题

Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.SetonthesouthwesternedgeofIceland,thevolcaniclandscapeiswhippedbytheNorthAtlanticwinds,whichhusheverythingaroundthem.Asculptureattheentrancetothevillagedepictsanakedmanfacingawallofseawatertwicehisheight.Thereisnomovietheater,andmanyresidentsneverventuretothecapital,a50-minutedriveaway.

ButSandgerdimightbetheperfectplacetoraisegirlswhohavemathematicaltalent.Governmentresearcherstwoyearsagotestedalmostevery15-year-oldinIcelandforitandfoundthatboystrailedfarbehindgirls.Thatfactwasuniqueamongthe41countriesthatparticipatedinthestandardizedtestforthatagegroupdesignedbytheOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.ButwhileIceland’sgirlswerealoneintheworldintheirsignificantleadinmath,theirnationaladvantageof15pointswassmallcomparedwiththeonetheyhadoverboysinfishingvillageslikeSandgerdi,whereitwascloserto30.

TheteachersofSandgerdi’s254studentswereonlymildlysurprisedbytheresults.Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.Boysthinkofschoolassufferingsonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutoftown.MargretIngporsdottirandHannaMariaHeidarsdottir,both15,studentsatSandgerdi'sgleamingschool—whichhasasciencelaboratory,acomputerroomandawell-stockedlibrary—havenodoubtthattheyareheadedforuniversity.“IthinkIwillbeapharmacist,”saysHeidarsdottir.TheteenssatinprincipalGudjonKristjansson’sofficelastweek,waitingforaridetothenearbytownofKevlavik,wheretheywerecompetinginWestIceland’syearlymathcontest,oneofmanythroughoutIcelandinwhichgirlsexcel.

Meanwhile,bytheharbor,GisliTorHauksson,14,alreadyhasbigplansthatdon’trequirespendinghisafternoonstoilingovergeometry.“I’llbeafisherman,”hesays,justlikemostofhisancestors.Hisfatherrecentlyreturnedhomefrom60daysatseaoffthecoastofNorway.“Hecamebackwith1.1millionkrona,”about$18,000，saysHauksson.Asforschool,hesays，“itdestroysthebrain.”Heintendstoquitat16,theearliestageatwhichhecandosolegally“Aboyseeshisolderbrotherwhohasbeenatseaforonlytwoyearsandhasabettercarandabiggerhousethantheheadmaster,”saysKristjansson.

ButthestoryoffemaleachievementinIcelanddoesn'tnecessarilyhaveahappyending.Educatorshavefoundthatwhengirlsleavetheirruralenclavestoattenduniversitiesinthenation’scities,theirscienceadvantagegenerallyshrinks.While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.InamathclassataReykjavikschool,AsgeirGurdmundsson,17,saysthatalthoughgirlswereconsistentlybrighterthanboysatschool,“theyjustseemtoleavethetechnicaljobstous.”SaysSoirunGensdottir,thedirectorofeducationattheMinistryofEducation,ScienceandCulture:“Wehavetofindawaytostopgirlsfromdroppingoutofsciences.”

Teachersacrossthecountryhavebeguntoexperimentwithwaystoraiseboystothelevelofgirlsinelementaryandsecondaryeducation.ThehighschoolinKevlawiktriedanexperimentin2002and2003,separating16-to-20-year-oldsbygenderfortwoyears.Thattimetheboysslippedevenfurtherbehind.“Theboyssaidthegirlswerebetteranyway,”saysKrlstjanAsmundsson,whotaughtthe25boys.“Theydidn’teventry.”

1.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeSandgerdi?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereasonwhygirlsdobetterthanboysinmathatSandgerdiismostprobablythefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatinthefieldofscience

（

）.

4.Girlsflinchbackinthecompetitionwithboysmostprobablybecause

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.desolate

B.poor

C.bustling

D.thriving

问题2选项

A.boysandgirlssharedifferentincentivesinmathlearning

B.thegirlsaremoreanxiousabouttheirfuturecareer

C.theboysconsiderthatfishingdoesn’tnecessarilyneedmath

D.theboysspendmoretimeontheirparttimejobs

问题3选项

A.womenhaveadvantagesovermenincompetition

B.womentendtobeinalessembarrassinglevel

C.menareplyingmoreimportantroles

D.Menareonethirdlessthanwomeninnumber

问题4选项

A.theyareshortofconfidenceinthemselves

B.employersoftenpreferboystotaketechnicaljobs

C.theyhavepoorerperformanceintechnicaljobs

D.theyarewillingtoleavetechnicaljobstoboys

问题5选项

A.AVillageInIceland

B.ALandWhereGirlsRuleinMath

C.BoysClevererThanGirls?

D.ScienceStudentsinSandgerdi

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。A选项desolate“荒凉的”；B选项poor“贫穷的”；C选项bustling“繁忙的”；D选项thriving“繁荣的”。由文章第一段中的Thefishingvillageof1,480peopleisableakandlonelyplace.（这个有1480人的渔村是一个荒凉而孤独的地方）可知Sandgerdi是一个荒凉的地方，因此选A。

2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Theysaythegendergapisastorynotoftalentbutmotivation.（他们说性别差距不是来自资质的差别，而是学习动力的差别）可知D选项“男孩们把更多的时间花在兼职上”符合题意，A、B、C选项都与“学习动力”有关。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的While61%ofuniversitystudentsarewomen,theymakeuponlyone-thirdofIceland’ssciencestudents.Bythetimetheyenterthelabormarket,manyareovertakenbymen,whobecomedoctors,engineersandcomputertechnicians.（尽管61%的大学生是女性，但她们只占冰岛理科学生的三分之一。当他们进入劳动力市场时，许多人被男性所取代，他们成为医生、工程师和计算机技术人员）可知C选项“男人扮演着更重要的角色”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的Educatorssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyflinchbackinthefaceofreal,head-to-headcompetitionwithboys.（教育家们说，他们看到许多聪明的女孩在面对真实的、面对面的与男孩的竞争时突然退缩）可知A选项“她们对自己缺乏信心”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在冰岛上的Sandgerdi由于男女学生学习的动机不一样，女生在数学成绩上男生优秀，因此B选项“女生在数学上占统治地位的地方”符合题意。

14.单选题

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

问题1选项

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。decompose“分解,腐烂”;denounce“谴责,告发”;detach“分离,派遣”;deduce“推断,演绎出”。句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

MicrosoftfounderBillGateshas

(

)

aboutbeingaparent,statingthat13isanappropriateageforachild’sfirstcellphone.

问题1选项

A.openedup

B.takenup

C.putup

D.heldup

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。openup“坦诚地说，开辟，打开”；takeup“开始从事，占用”；putup“提供，提出，建造”；holdup“举起”。句意：微软创始人比尔•盖茨坦言为人父母之道，表明13岁是孩子拥有第一部手机的合适年龄。因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

CharlesDarwin's“OntheOriginofSpecies"iscreditedwithsparkingevolution'srevolutioninscientificthought,butmanyobservershadponderedevolutionbeforehim.Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.

WilliamFriedman,theArnoldProfessorofOrganismicandEvolutionaryBiologywhotookoverasArboretumdirectorJan.1,hasstudiedDarwin’swritingsaswellasthoseofhispredecessorsandcontemporaries.WhileDarwiniswidelycreditedasthefatherofevolution,Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.

Thehistoricalsketchgrewwitheachsubsequentprinting,FriedmantoldanaudienceonJan.10,until,bythe6thedition,34authorswerementionedinit.Scholarsnowbelievethatsomewherebetween50and60authorshadbeatenDarwinintheirwritingsaboutevolution.IncludedwasDarwin'sgrandfather,ErasmusDarwin,aphysicianwhoirritatedclergymenwithhisinsistencethatlifearosefromlowerforms,specificallymollusks.

Friedman'stalk,“ADarwinianLookatDarwin'sEvolutionistAncestors”tookplaceattheArboretum'sHunnewellBuildingandwasthefirstinanewDirector’sLectureSeries.

ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew,mostprominentlyAlfredWallace,whosewritingonthesubjectafteryearsinthefieldspurredDarwin'swritingof“OntheOriginofSpecies."Althoughthebookrunsmorethan400pages,FriedmansaiditwasneverthebookonevolutionandnaturalselectionthatDarwinintended.In1856,threeyearsbeforethebookwaspublished,hebeganworkonadetailedbookonnaturalselectionthatwouldn'tseepublicationuntil1975.

Theseminaleventincreating“OntheOriginofSpecies”occurredin1858,whenWallacewroteDarwindetailingWallace'sideasofevolutionbynaturalselection.ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.

ThiswasaluckybreakforDarwin,becauseitforcedhimtowritehisideasinplainlanguage,whichledtoabookthatwasnotonlyrevolutionary,despitethosewho'dtreadsimilargroundbefore,butthatwasalsoveryreadable.

ThoughothersthoughtaboutevolutionbeforeDarwin,scientificdiscoveryrequiresmorethanjustanidea.Inadditiontotheconcept,discoveryrequirestheunderstandingofthesignificanceoftheidea,somethingsomeoftheearlierauthorsclearlydidnothave—suchasthearboristwhoburiedhisthoughtsonnaturalselectionintheappendixofabookonnavaltimber.Lastly,scientificdiscoverydemandstheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessofanidea.Darwin,through“OntheOriginofSpecies"wastheonlythinkerofthetimewhohadallthreeofthosetraits,Friedmansaid.

“Darwinhadtheabilitytoconvinceothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea,"Friedmansaid,addingthatevenWallace,whoseclaimtonewthinkingonevolutionandnaturalselectionwasstrongerthanalltheothers,paidhomagetoDarwinbytitlinghis1889bookonthesubject,“Darwinism."

1.AccordingtoWilliamFriedman,Darwin's"OntheOriginofSpecies"isgreatinthat（

）.

2.FriedmanbelievesthatDarwinattacheda“historicalsketch”tolaterprintingsofhisbookinanattemptto

（

）.

3.InFriedman'sview,Darwin'soriginalityliesin

（

）.

4.WehavelearnedthatatfirstDarwinintendedtowritehisideasin

（

）.

5.Scientificdiscoveryrequiresallthefollowingexcept（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwasthemoststudiedbylaterscientists

B.ithadsignificantideasaboutevolution

C.itwasthefirsttotalkaboutevolution

D.itwaswellreceivedbythepublic

问题2选项

A.credittheideasaboutevolutionbeforehis

B.claimhimselfasthefatherofevolution

C.introducehisgrandfathertothereader

D.summarizehispredecessors'work

问题3选项

A.histhinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolution

B.hissharingideasaboutevolutionwithhiscontemporaries

C.thewayhewrote“OntheOriginsofSpecies”

D.thewayhelecturedontheideasofevolution

问题4选项

A.amuchlargerbook

B.a400book

C.scientificterm

D.plainlanguage

问题5选项

A.comingupwithanewidea

B.understandingthesignificanceoftheidea

C.makingclaimstotheideabywritingbooks

D.convincingothersofthecorrectnessoftheidea

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句提到“Itwasunderstandingtheidea’ssignificanceandsellingittothepublicthatmadeDarwingreataccordingtotheArnoldArboretum’snewdirector.”阿诺德植物园的新主管（WilliamFriedman）认为，使达尔文变得伟大的是他让公众理解进化论这个想法并接受它。因此D选项“它（《物种起源》）深受公众的欢迎”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。文章第二段提到“Friedmansaidthe“historicalsketch"thatDarwinattachedtolaterprintingsofhismasterpiecewasintendedtocalmdownthosewhodemandedcreditfortheirown,earlierideas.”Friedman声称，达尔文将该‘历史简述’附加到自己杰作的后来版本上的目的是为了平息那些为自身更早想法要求荣誉的人。因此A选项“赞颂那些先于自己有关进化论的观点”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第五段提到“ThoughothershadclearlyponderedevolutionbeforeDarwin,hewasn’twithoutoriginality.FriedmansaidthatDarwin'sthinkingonnaturalselectionasthemechanismofevolutionwassharedbyfew.”虽然其他人在达尔文之前就已经清楚地思考过进化论，但他并非没有独创性。弗里德曼说，达尔文关于自然选择作为进化机制的思想很少有人赞同。因此A选项“他认为自然择是进化机制”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第六段提到“ThearrivalofWallace'sideasspurredDarwinintowriting“OntheOriginofSpecies”asan"abstract"oftheideashewaspainstakinglylayingoutinthelargerwork.”Wallace的思想的出现促使达尔文写“《物种起源》”，作为他在篇幅更大的著作中煞费苦心安排的那些观点的一个“摘要”。注意题干中的“atfirst（起初）”，因此选A。

5.细节事实题。文章倒数第二段大意为：虽然其他人在达尔文之前思考过进化论，但科学发现不仅仅需要一个想法。除了概念之外，发现需要理解这个想法的意义，一些早期的作者显然没有——比如柏树学家，他把他关于自然选择的想法埋在一本关于海军木材的书的附录中。最后，科学发现需要有能力让别人相信一个想法是正确的。弗里德曼说，通过“《物种起源》”，达尔文是那个时代唯一拥有这三种特征的思想家。因此选C。

17.翻译题

没有一流的人文教育，我们就不可能有世界一流大学。要建好文科院系，也要抓好对全体学生的人文教育。不同学科要各按步伐，按各自的内在规律发展。“科学求真，人文求善，艺术求美”，达到真善美在学科层面的统一。我们是用世界上最少的钱，办了最大的教育。我一直坚信，到本世纪中叶，中国一定能够成为世界一流的教育大国！

学校和教师的责任是真正发挥所有学生的潜能，使学生成长为既有宽厚基础、又有广阔视野，既有活生生的个性、又能团结他人、能够引领中国未来发展的精英人才。

【答案】Withoutfirst-classliberalartseducation,wecannothaveworld-classuniversities.Tobuildagoodliberalartscollegesanddepartments,butalsotopayattentiontothehumanitieseducationofallstudents.Differentdisciplinesshoulddevelopattheirownpaceandaccordingtotheirowninternallaws."Scienceseekstruth,humanityseeksgoodness,artseeksbeauty",achievingtheunityoftruth,goodnessandbeautyatthedisciplinelevel.Wegotthebiggesteducationintheworldwiththeleastmoney.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatbythemiddleofthiscentury,Chinawillbecomeaworld-classeducationcountry.

Itistheresponsibilityofschoolsandteacherstotrulygiveplaytothepotentialofallstudents,sothatstudentscangrowintoeliteswhohaveagenerousfoundation,broadvision,livelypersonality,unitywithothers,andcanleadChina'sfuturedevelopment.

18.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)

1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.

2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.

3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.

【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。我们致力于解决经济增长疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素。

2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权。

3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同。我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献。

19.单选题

Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyage2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.

问题1选项

A.changing

B.perfect

C.visible

D.fascinating

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项changing“变化的，发展的”，B项perfect“完美的，最好的”，C项visible“明显的，看得见的”，D项fascinating“迷人的，吸引人的”。句意：然后是探测飞船“航行2号”获得的特写图像，在几天之内，至少在我们看来，木卫二就变成了太阳系中最迷人的世界之一。intriguing在句中表示“迷人的”。因此，该题选择D项。

20.单选题

Deathcomesquicklyinthemountains.Eachwinterholidaymakersarecaughtunawaresastheyhappilyskiawayfromthefixedruns,littlerealizingthatasmallavalanchecansendthemcrashinginabone-breakingfalldowntheslopeandleavethemburiedundertonsofcrispwhitesnow.Therearelotsoftheoriesabouthowtoavoiddisasterwhenhitbyanavalanche.Practiceisnormallylesscheerful.

ThesnowintheSalzburgofAustriawherearecentdisastertookplacewastypicalavalanchematerial.ForseveraldaysbeforetheincidentIhadskiedlocally.Earlywintersnowwaswearingthinandcoveredwithice.Ontopofthatnew,warmerflakesweregentlyfallingtoproduceadangerouscarpet.Totheskierwhoenjoysunmarkedslopesitistemptingstuff,deepnewpowersnowonahardbase—theskiingthatdreamsaremadeofandsometimesnightmares.

Snowfallsinsectionslikeacake.Differentsectionshavediffere