考研考博-英语-宁波大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Shecannotfindherdictionarynow.Ithinkthatshe____itintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.hastoleave

B.musthaveleft

C.left

D.willleave

【答案】C

【解析】考查过去时态。根据句意：她现在找不到字典了。我想她把它Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE____

教室里了。应用过去时，故只有C符合。

2.单选题

Expertssaidthatmanyailmentsassociatedwithalossofnormaltissuemaybetreatableinthismanner.

问题1选项

A.symptoms

B.faults

C.risks

D.disorders

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.symptoms症状B.faults责任，过错

C.risks危险，风险D.disorders不适，疾病

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】ailments的意思为“轻病，小恙”，指的是这种方式或许可以治好某些疾病，disorders与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。

【句意】专家说，许多与正常组织损失相关的疾病或许可以用这种方式治疗。

3.单选题

OnceIwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,mychoicewouldbeboundtoberelatively______.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.irrational

C.indispensable

D.negligent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项arbitrary“任意的；武断的；专制的”，是由偶然、一时兴起或冲动而非由必然、推理或原则决定的；B选项irrational“不合理的（即与理想状况相比有差距）；无理性的；荒谬的”；C选项indispensable“不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的”；D选项negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”。句意：一旦我不知道其中的关键点，我的选择必然是相对______。如果不知道关键点，做出选择前心里就不会有一个理想答案，所以选择就会相对随意，所以A选项正确。

4.单选题

InScotland,asintherestoftheUnitedKingdom,（）schoolingbeginsatage5andendsatage16.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.forced

C.obliged

D.compulsory

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling“强制的”；forced“被迫的”；obliged“有责任的”；compulsory“必修的，义务的”。句意：在苏格兰，就像在英国的其他地方一样，义务教育是从5岁到16岁。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

What______supposewouldhappenifthedirectorknewyoufeltthatway?

问题1选项

A.willyou

B.doyou

C.wouldyou

D.youwould

【答案】B

【解析】考查语序。在该句子中，doyousuppose相当于一个插入语，Whatwouldhappenifthe...才是一个整体，做全句的宾语从句。类似的表达还有doyouthink等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那样想之后会发生什么事。因此B选项正确。

6.单选题

Variousinnovationshavebeenintroducedaswaystobreakoffoursystemwhichforcesstudentsthroughaseriousofidenticalclassroomsinwhichteachersdomostofthetalkingandstudentshavelittleopportunitytorespond.Amongtheseinnovationsareteamteachingandteachingaides,non-gradedelementaryandsecondaryschools,independentstudy,curriculafocusedonhelpingstudentsdiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanontryingtotellthemeverything,andschoolsdesignedformaximumflexibilitysothatstudentscanworkalone,orinsmallgroups,ortakepartinlarge--groupinstructionviadiversemedia.Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.Manypeoplewhohaveastrongdisliketoorganizinginstructionscientificallyandtobringingnewtechnologyintotheschoolsandcollegesfailtorealizethatthepresentsystemisinmanyrespectsmechanicalandrigid.Thevastdifferencesinthewaysstudentslearnaredisregardedwhentheyaretaughtthesamething,inthesameway,atthesametime.Thereisnoescapingtheevidencethatmanystudentsthemselvesfeellittleenthusiasmandevenoutrighthostilityforthepresentwayschoolsandcollegesareorganizedandinstructionishandled.Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.Oritisprogrammingwhichmerelyreproducesconventionalclassroomrespondsandlearns,reachingnewplateausfromwhichtoclimbtohigherlevelsofunderstanding.Technologicalmediacanstoreinformationuntilitisneededorwanted.Theycandistributeitoverdistancestoreachthestudentswherehehappenstobe.Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatagoodeducationalsystemmust（

）.

3.Thenegativereactionsofstudentstotechnologyaretheresultof

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingarementionedasacapabilityaretheresultof

（

）.

问题1选项

A.providingthepossibilityforstudentstotakethecoursestheywant

B.makingtechnologyanactivetoolintheschool

C.relievingtheteacherfromroutineduties

D.meetingtheneedsofeachstudent

问题2选项

A.notdependonteachers

B.makeuseofvaryingmethodsofteaching

C.placearenewedemphasisonscience

D.notorganizetheirinstruction

问题3选项

A.unknownfactors

B.ageneralhostilitytowardeducation

C.itsmisuse

D.itsnewnessintheschools

问题4选项

A.makeiteasierforstudentstoobtainneededinformation

B.providemanywaysofteachingthesamething

C.makelearningeasyandfun

D.providestudentswithenrollmentexam

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三句“Theaimofalltheseinnovationsistoadaptinstructionmorepreciselytotheneedsofeachindividualstudent.所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加精确来适应每个学生的需要。”由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求。选项D正确。

2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一句“Alltheavailableresourcesforinstruction,includingtheteachers,canworktogethertocreateconditionsformaximumeffectivelearning.所有可用的教学资源，包括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件。”由此可推测，选项B正确。

3.细节事实题。根据原文第七句“Manyofthemresenttechnology,butwhattheyobjecttoisusuallytechnologyusedasameansforhandlingalargenumberofstudents.他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。”也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确。

4.细节事实题。根据原文后半部分“Theycanpresenttheinformationtothestudentthroughvarioussenses.Theycangivethestudenttheopportunitytoreacttothematerialinmanyways.Inshort,thestudents’opportunitiesforlearningcanbeincreasedandenhancedbyusingawiderangeofinstructionaltechnology.它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生。它们可以给学生机会，以多种方式对事物作出反应。总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加和提高。”由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D。

7.单选题

Youcannot

ignoranceasyourexcuse;youshouldhaveknownwhatwashappeningallalong.

问题1选项

A.referto

B.defend

C.plead

D.persistin

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。referto“参考，涉及”；defend“辩护；防护”；plead“借口”；persistin“坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。

8.单选题

Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Thereforethegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsinformedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmattersasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwriting,anddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Themanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyearsaswellasnewwaysofreportingpupilsprogress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatrip,andengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematicsand,atthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionsforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.

Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedinthepassageisthat（

）.

2.Theauthordirectlydiscussesthefactthat（

）.

3.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

5.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool

C.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives

D.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome

问题2选项

A.parentsdrilltheirchildrentoomuchinarithmetic

B.principalshaveexplainedthenewartprogramstoparents

C.afathercanhavehissonhelphimconstructarticlesathome

D.aparent’smisguidedeffortscanberedirectedtoproperchannels

问题3选项

A.believesthatschoolsarelackinginguidancepersonnel

B.believespresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschoolaresatisfying

C.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram

D.feelsthatparentteacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresent.

问题4选项

A.participationininterestingactivitiesrelatingtoaschoolsubjectimprovesone’sachievementinthatarea

B.schoolprincipalsdomorethantheirshareininterpretingthecurriculumtotheparents

C.onlyasmallpartoftheschooldayshouldbesetapartfordrillinginarithmetic

D.toomanychildrenarelazyandhavepoorworkhabits

问题5选项

A.tellparentstopaymoreattentiontotheguidanceofteachersinthematterofeducationalactivitiesinthehome

B.helpensurethateverychild’scapacitiescanfullydevelopwhenheleavesschool

C.urgeteachersandschooladministratorstomakeuseofamuchunderusedresourceoftheparents

D.improvetheteachingapproachinmathematicsinandoutsidetheclassroom

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键——教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。

2.根据第三段第一句“theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.”课堂老师在得到上级允许的情况下，也可以起到启发家长的重要作用。第三段列举了具体的例子，所以选项D符合原文。

3.根据倒数第二段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项D符合原文。

4.根据第四五段的内容可知，作者暗示参加与学校课程有关的有趣活动可以提高一个人在该领域的成就。选项A符合原文。

5.根据原文内容可知，本文强调父母的巨大影响不能被老师忽视或轻视，学校要和家庭联合起来，合力促进青少年能力的全面发展。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是为了敦促教师和学校管理者利用家长这个未得到充分利用的资源。选项C正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

9.单选题

Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust（）athreattotheenvironment.

问题1选项

A.originates

B.poses

C.offends

D.paralyzes

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项originates“引起，创作”；B选项poses“造成，形成”；C选项offends“冒犯，使……不愉快”；D选项paralyzes“使麻痹，使瘫痪”。句意：这辆车，至少就我们所知，正在被淘汰，因为它的尾气对环境（）了威胁。本句表示“造成了威胁”，因此B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibitingthesaleofcigarettesandalcoholicdrinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazardsofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmoking

toomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandthebarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendonceandforalltotheruinousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericanscurrentlysuffer—alcoholism.

Butwait.We’vealreadytriedthat.For13years,between1920and1933,therewerenoliquorstoresanywhereintheUnitedStates.TheywereshutdownabolishedbyanamendmenttotheConstitutionandbyalawofCongress.AfterJanuary20,1920,therewassupposedtobenomoremanufacturing,selling,ortransportingof“intoxicatingliquors”.Withoutanymoreliquor,peoplecouldnotdrinkit.Andiftheydidnotdrinkit,howcouldtheygetdrunk?Therewouldbenomoredangerstothepublicwelfarefromdrunkennessandalcoholism.Itwasallverylogical.Andyetprohibitionofliquor,beer,andwinedidnotwork.Why?

Because,lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakeriskstogetit.Theywerenotabouttochangetheirtastesandhabitsjustbecauseofachangeinthelaw.Andgangsofliquorsmugglersmadeiteasytobuyanillegaldrink—ortwoorthree.TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanborders.DrinkerswerelikelytoknowofanillegalbarthatservedMexicanorCanadianliquor.Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.Instead,peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.

OnDecember5,1933,theyremovedProhibitionbyapprovingthe21stAmendmenttotheConstitution.

1.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTacharacteristicreasonfortheproposalofthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitutionandtheVolsteadAct?

2.DuringProhibition,illegalalcoholwas（）.

3.DuringProhibition,people（）.

4.Whenenactingtheprohibitionlaw,governmentofficialsassumedthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.Therewouldbenofurtherdangertothepublicfromalcoholism.

B.Therewouldbeariseinthecostofalcoholicbeverages.

C.Withoutliquor,peoplewouldnotdrink.

D.Peoplewouldnotbecomedrunkofcreateapublicnuisance.

问题2选项

A.soldopenly

B.nolongeratemptation

C.amajorfactorinthepassageoftheVolsteadAct

D.broughtacrosstheMexicanandCanadianborders

问题3选项

A.livedinfearofthelaw

B.werewillingtoriskarrestforthepleasureofliquor

C.recklesslyendangeredtheircommunities

D.wererespectfulofthelegalsanctionsplacedonthem

问题4选项

A.everyAmericanwouldbuyalcoholillegally

B.allcriminalactivitieswouldcease

C.patrolsoftheCanadianborderwouldhaltthesaleofalcohol

D.thesocialthreatfromdrunkennesswoulddecline

问题5选项

A.theCongresswaswisetorepealProhibition

B.theProhibitionErawascharacterizedbyadecreaseincrimeanddrunkenness

C.duringProhibition,mostAmericansstoppeddrinking

D.lawsshouldbepassedtobanthesaleofalcoholicbeverages

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第二段的内容可知,选项A、C、D在本段均有提及,只有选项B没有提及。

2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第五句“TheysmuggledmillionsofgallonsoftheoutlawedbeveragesacrosstheCanadianandMexicanboarders.”可知，非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的，所以选项D符合原文。

3.细节判断题。根据第三段的一二句“lawornolaw,millionsofpeoplestilllikedtodrinkalcohol.Andtheywerewillingtotakerisksofgettingit.”选项B符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Crimeanddrunkennesswerebothsupposedtodeclineasaresultofprohibition.”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降，选项D符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“peopledrankmorealcoholthanever—oftenpoisonedalcohol.”有了禁令之后，人们喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令，这一做法是明智的,选项A正确。

11.单选题

ThenumberofpeoplewithAlzheimer’sdiseaseintheUnitedStatesisprojectedtomorethandoubleby2050.

问题1选项

A.devised

B.thrust

C.estimated

D.encountered

【答案】C

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项devised“设计”；B选项thrust“猛推；冲”；C选项estimated“预计的”；D选项encountered“遭遇”。句意：美国老年痴呆症患者的数量到2050年____将增加一倍以上。本句讲的是到2050年美国老年痴呆症患者的数量的变化，这应该是推测、预测出来的，C选项符合语境，原文isprojectedto“预计”。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

12.单选题

Theproblemof（）toselectashissuccessorwasquicklydisposedof.

问题1选项

A.whom

B.which

C.what

D.how

【答案】A

【解析】考查代词。由于不定式动词select为及物动词，因此这里所选代词必须能够作为其宾语，由此可将只能作状语的关系词how排除。在不定式短语toselectashissuccessor中宾语补足语hissuccessor是“人”，因此，宾语只能是指代人的代词，由此可以肯定A选项whom为正确答案，并将B选项what和D选项which排除。句意：挑选谁作为他的继任者的问题很快就解决了。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

13.单选题

Ourmanagerhad（）onthematterforalongtimebeforehemadethefinaldecision.

问题1选项

A.hushed

B.thrashed

C.pondered

D.suspended

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hushed“安静；（使）安静”；B选项thrashed“打，使逆行”；C选项pondered“仔细考虑，衡量”；D选项suspended“延缓，推迟”。句意：我们经理（）很长时间才做出最后决定。本句表示“仔细考虑了很久才决定”，因此C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Inthisfactory,suggestionsoftenhavetowaitformonthsbeforetheyarefully______.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.acknowledged

C.absorbed

D.considered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项admit“承认，允许”，尤其指“不情愿地承认”，特别是一些与自己行为有关的不好的事情；B项acknowledge“承认，答谢”，通常指公开承认某事的真实情况或自己的过错；C项absorb“吸收，理解”，D项consider“认为，考虑”。根据关键词suggestion“建议”可知，空格部分表示“采纳，考虑”符合语境。句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等上几个月才能被充分考虑。因此，该题选择D项正确。

15.问答题

Notallofthepeoplelikethismovie.(popular)

【答案】Thismovieisnotpopularinallofthepeople.

16.单选题

AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformationsintheancientcentersofurbancivilizationoftheFertileCrescent.Thefinaldestructionofnativeruleandtheimpositionofanalienelitecultureinstigatedaculturaldiscourse—Hellenism—whichirrevocablymarkedallparticipants,bothconquerorsandtheconquered.Thisdiscoursewasparticularlycharacterizedbyatransformationofindigenousculturaltraditions,necessitatedbytheirneedtonegotiatetheirplaceinanewsocialorder.AsBowerstockhasargued,theprocessofHellenizationdidnotaccomplishthewholesalereplacementofindigenousculturaltraditionswithGreekcivilization.Instead,itprovidedanewculturalvocabularythroughwhichmuchpre-existingculturaltraditionwasoftenabletofindnewexpression.Thisphenomenonisespeciallyintriguingasitrelatestolanguageandliteracy.TheancientcivilizationsoftheSyro-MesopotamianandEgyptianculturalsphereswere,ofcourse,literate,possessingindigenousliterarytraditionsalreadyofgreatantiquityatthetimeoftheMacedonianconquests.ThedisenfranchisementoftraditionalelitesbytheimpositionofGreekrulehadtherelatedeffectofdisplacingmanyofthetraditionalsocialstructureswhereinindigenousliteracyfunctionedandwastaught—inparticular,theinstitutionsofthepalaceandthetemple.Anewlanguageofpower,Greek,replacedthetraditionallanguageoftheseinstitutions.Thishadtheunavoidableeffectofdisplacingthetraditionalwritingsystemsassociatedwiththeseindigenouslanguages.Traditionalliteracy’slongstandingassociationwiththecentersofsocialandpoliticalauthoritybegantobeeroded.

Naturally,theeclipseoftraditional,indigenousliteracydidnotoccurovernight.ThedeclineofCuneiformandHieroglyphicliteracieswasalengthyprocess.Norwasthenatureoftheirrespectivedeclinesidentical.Akkadian,theancientlanguageofMesopotamiancourtandtempleculture,vanishedforever,alongwithcuneiformwriting,inthefirstcenturyCE.EgyptianlivedonbeyondthedisappearanceofhieroglyphicinthefourthcenturyCEintheguiseofCoptic,tosuccumbasaliving,spokenlanguageofdailysocialintercourseonlyaftertheIslamicconquestofEgypt.Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch.Thislatterpointdrawsattentiontoanaspectofthedeclineoftheseindigenousliteraciesworthyofnote:itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest,aftertheyhavebeensupersededinpalacecircles—thelastdatedcuneiformtextwehaveisanastrologicaltext;thelastdatedhieroglyphictextisavotivegraffito.Thisshouldcauselittlesurprise.Thesphereofreligionisgenerallyoneofthemostconservativeofculturalsubsystems.Thelocalneedtonegotiatethenecessitiesofdailylifeandindividualandcollectiveidentityembodiedintraditionalreligiousstructuresisslowtochangeandexistsinongoingdialoguewiththemorereadilychangeableroyaland/orstateideologiesthatbindvariouslocalestogetherinaninstitutionalframework.

Theprocessof“Hellenization”oftheancientculturesoftheEasternMediterraneanprovidesus,then,withanopportunitytoobservetheon-goingeffectontraditional,indigenousliteracyoftheimpositionofanewstatuslanguagepossessedofitsowndistinctwritingsystem.Theculturalpoliticsofwrittenandspokenlanguage-useinsuchcontextshasbeenmuchdiscussedanditisclearthattheprocessesleadingtotheadoptionofanewlanguage—inwrittenform,orspokenform,orboth—insomeculturalspheresandtheretentionoftraditionallanguagesinothersarecomplex.Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguagefromabove,adoptionofanewlanguageofsocialprestigefrombelow,aswellaspreservationofolderidiomsoftraditionalstatusincoreculturalinstitutions,musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.

1.ThelanguagesthathavetosomeextentmanagedtosurviveHellenizationdidsoinwhatarea?

2.Whichaspectofsociety,accordingtothepassage,isoneofthemostresistanttochange?

3.Inthefirstparagraph,yousawtheunderlinedworddisenfranchisement.Choose,amongthefollowingexpressions,theclosestinsimilarmeaning（

）.

4.WhowastheleaderoftheMacedonianConquest?

5.Accordingtothepassage,cantheimpositionofaforeignlanguageandculturebringaboutrapidchangeinalloftheconqueredpeople’sinstitutions?

问题1选项

A.Inpalacecircles.

B.Ingovernmentalinstitutions.

C.Inthereligioussphere.

D.Inphilologicalcircles.

问题2选项

A.Monarchicalinstitutions.

B.Religiousinstitutions.

C.Linguisticnorms.

D.Stateideologies.

问题3选项

A.Theremovalofpower,rightand/orprivilege.

B.Astrongsenseofdisappointment.

C.Theprohibitionoftherighttoconductbusiness.

D.Thelossofsocialposition.

问题4选项

A.KingPhilipofMacedon.

B.PericlesofAthens.

C.AlexandertheGreat.

D.TheOttomanEmpire.

问题5选项

A.Yes,courtlifewillchangetoremainfunctional,anditwillaffectallotherinstitutions.

B.No,apparentlyitaffectsdifferentpartsofsocietyindifferentwaysatdifferentspeeds.

C.Itisn’tclearfromthepassage,butitmayhappenquickly.

D.Yes,thespeedatwhichasociety’sinstitutionsareaffectedbyaconqueringpowerwouldbequiterapid.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段，提到“itisinthesphereofreligionthattheseliteraciesareoftenpreservedlongest”，这些读写能力正是在宗教领域保持得最久，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。文章第二段第六句提到“Eventhen,CopticsurvivestothisdayastheliturgicallanguageoftheCopticOrthodoxChurch”，即使这样，科普特语至今仍是科普特东正教会的礼拜仪式语言，也就是宗教机构最抗拒改变。因此B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.词义题。词语所在句表示“希腊的统治迫使传统经营的公民权被剥夺”，下一句紧接着说到，新的政权语言——希腊语取代了这些机构的传统语言。因此disenfranchisement指的就是权利或特权的剥夺。A选项符合题意。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到“AlexandertheGreat’sconquestsintheEasternMediterraneaninitiatedaseriesofprofoundculturaltransformations”，说明是亚历山大大帝在征服地中海东部后发起了一系列深刻的文化变革。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第三段说到“Factorsincludingtheimpositionofanewlanguage…musthaveaffecteddifferentsectorsofaconqueredsocietyindifferentfashionsandatdifferentrates.”强迫接受一种新语言会以不同的方式、速度影响到被征服社会的不同部门。因此B选项符合题意。

17.单选题

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受;maintain维持,保持,维修;remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。

18.单选题

（）dullhemaybe，heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.

问题1选项

A.Although

B.Whatever

C.As

D.However

【答案】D

【解析】考查句子结构。A、B、C、D四个选项中，后面可以直接修饰形容词的只有D选项however。A选项although“尽管，虽然”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：althoughhemaybedull；B选项whatever“不论什么”，后面应该接名词；C选项as“尽管，正如”，作为连词可以引导让步状语从句，后面接句子，应用到这个句子里面应该是：dullashemaybe；句意：无论他多么迟钝，他都是一名当之无愧的成功高层主管人员。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。

19.单选题

Theadoffour-wheeledvehiclegivesviewersafeelingof（）thatnomatterwhathappensweatherwise,nomatterhowmuchitsnowsorhowbadthemudslidesare,youcangooutinyourfour-wheeldrive.

问题1选项

A.invulnerability

B.irrationality

C.ambiguity

D.simplicity

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项invulnerability“刀枪不入，不会受伤害”；B选项irrationality“不合理，无理性”；C选项ambiguity“含糊，不明确”；D选项simplicity“朴素，简易”。句意：四轮汽车的广告给观众一种无坚不摧的感觉，不管天气如何，不管下多大的雪，不管泥石流有多严重，都可以开着四轮汽车出门。本句表示四轮汽车不会受到伤害。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Thehandsonmyalarmclockare______，soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.gorgeous

C.luminous

D.spectacular

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。exotic“奇异的，引人注目的”；gorgeous“极好的，华丽的”；luminous“发光的，发亮的”；spectacular“壮观的，惊人的”。句意：我手边上的指针会发光，所以我能在黑暗中看清时间。选项C符合题意。

21.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthcenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished.However,especiallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycle,oreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistentandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalener