考研考博-英语-南京理工大学紫金学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京理工大学紫金学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Culturecannotbesimplyamatterofpolitics,ofcourse.[l]Politics,afterall,isconcernedwithinfluencingtheinstitutionsofthestateandtheseareoflimiteduseinaffectingtheculture.Noteventhetotalitarianstatehasbeenabletoachievetheculturalgoalsitsetitself,thedemocraticstateisanevenlesslikelyagentofculturalchange,andindeed,intheAmericantraditionofdemocracy,itshouldnotaimtobethat.Consequently,aculturalagendacannotbeapoliticalagendaonly.Itwillhavetobepursuedinmanydifferentinstitutions,mostimportantlyintheinstitutionsofcivilsociety.Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.[2]Notsurprisingly,thentouchofAmericanpoliticsinrecentdecadeshasbeenovertheso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.Thatis,theseissueshaveinvolvedconflictsoverthequestionsofwhoweareandhowwearetolivetogether.

[3]Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.[4]Sincetheearlynineteen-seventiestheDemocraticPartyhasalmostcompletelyidentifieditselfwiththeagendaoftheculturalLeft(considerablylesssowithotherLeftpositions,suchasthoseoneconomicorforeignpolicy).Giventheimportanceofhighlyorganizedpressuregroups,especiallyintheprimaryprocess,thecaptivityoftheDemocraticPartytothecultureof"thesixties"hasbeenmassive.TheRepublicanpictureishardlymoreencouraging.Anincreasinglyvocalsegmentofthatparty'sconstituencyhastakenradicallyanti-"progressive"positionsontheculturalissues.Andagain,thesegroupshavehadaninfluencefarbeyondtheirnumericalstrengthbecauseoftheirstrategicroleinthemechanicsofelections,especiallyontileprimarylevel.[5]Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.[6]Thus,forinstance,traditionallyDemocraticlaborofficialsarenotverycrediblewhentheyexpressenthusiasmforgayrights,neitherare"country-club"Republicanswhentheyvoiceoutrageoverabortionorthedeclineofsexualmorality.

1.Accordingtothepassage,“everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue”owingtothefactthat______.

2.Theauthordeemsthat______.

3.Allofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwo-partysystemareimpliedinthepassageEXCEPTthat______.

4.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

5.Theword"credible"inthelastsentenceprobablymeans______.

问题1选项

A.culturesimplyexpressesitselfasamatterofpolitics

B.cultureplaysdifferentrolesindifferentstates

C.politicalpartiesusecultureasatooltopromotetheirideologies

D.politicianssetculturalgoalsandthuschangecultureattheirpleasure

问题2选项

A.Americancourts,ineffect,servethepurposeofdemocracy

B."social"or"value"issuesinrecentdecadesarenomorethancultureissues

C.cultureinfluencestheinstitutionsofthestate

D.aculturalagendasimplyreflectstheaimsofthecurrentadministration

问题3选项

A.neitherpartyobjectivelystandsonthemiddlegroundonculturalissues

B.eitherpartyrejectsthosewhoholddifferentpoliticalviewpoints

C.theRepublicanPartyhasbeenidentifiedastheright-wingparty

D.bothDemocratic'andRepublicanleadersarehypocriticalinpromotingculturalprogress

问题4选项

A.theoperationofthetwo-partysystem

B.cultureinapoliticalsense

C.cultureindifferentinstitutions

D.culturalagendaofdietwoparties

问题5选项

A.deservingtobebelieved

B.deservingpraiseorapproval

C.capableofbeingrealized

D.capableofbeingrespected

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“Allthesame,everyoneofthemajorculturalissuesisalsoapoliticalissue,becauseofthewayinwhichtheimmensepowersofthestatehavebeenusedtopromotevariousideologicalpurposes.”因为国家的巨大权力被用来促进各种意识形态的目的。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第一段“Thecourtshaveplayedaquitedeplorableroleinthis.”选项A错误；根据第一段的倒数第三句“...theso-called"social"or"values"issues,whichineffectareculturalissues.”不仅仅是文化问题,所以选项B也错误；选项C符合原文,选项D在文中没有提及。

3.根据第二段的第一句“Thedynamicsofthetwo-partysystemhasbeenveryunhelpfulinthesearchforviablepositionsonthemiddleground.”可知选项A正确；根据第二段“Consequently,individualstakinglessthan"politicallycorrect"positions,asdefinedbytherespectiveorthodoxies,havefoundthemselvestobepariahsineitherparty.”可知选项B正确；根据第二段的倒数第二句“ItissafetoassumethatbothDemocraticandRepublicanleadershavecateredtothesepolarizedgroupingsinamoreorlesscynicalmanner.”可知选项D正确,只要选项C在文中未提及。

4.根据原文内容可知。本文的两个关键词是政治和文化,所以选项B符合原文。

5.credible指值得被相信的,选项A正确。

2.单选题

Imaginewakingupandfindingthevalueofyourassetshasbeenhalved.No,you’renotaninvestorinoneofthosehedgefundsthatfailedcompletely.Withthedollarslumpingtoa26-yearlowagainstthepound,alreadyexpensiveLondonhasbecomequiteunaffordable.AcoffeeatStarbucks,justasunavoidableinEnglandasitisintheUnitedStates,runsabout$8.

Theonceall-powerfuldollarisn’tdoingaTitanicagainstjustthepound.Itissittingatarecordlowagainsttheeuroandata30-yearlowagainsttheCanadiandollar.EventheArgentinepesoandBrazilianrealarethrivingagainstthedollar.

Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation’sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency.It’salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates.AndyettherearesubstantialsectorsofthevastU.S.economy—fromgiantcompanieslikeCoca-Colatomom-and-poprestaurantoperatorsinMiami—forwhichtheweakdollarismostexcellentnews.

ManyEuropeansmayviewtheU.S.asanarrogantsuperpowerthathasbecomehostiletoforeigners.ButnothingmakespeoplethinkmorewarmlyoftheU.S.thanaweakdollar.ThroughApril,thetotalnumberofvisitorsfromabroadwasup6.8percentfromlastyear.Shouldthetrendcontinue,thenumberoftouriststhisyearwillfinallytopthe2000peak.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty,allwhileignoringthefactthatthepoorerlocalscattyaffordtojointhemerrymaking.

Themoneytouristsspendhelpsdecreaseourchronictradedeficit*Sodoexports,which,thanksinparttotheweakdollar,soared11percentbetweenMay2006andMay2007.Forthe

firstfivemonthsof2007，thetradedeficitactuallyfell7percentfrom2006.

IfyouownsharesinlargeAmericancorporations,you’reawinnerintheweak-dollargamble.LastweekCoca-Cola’sstockbubbledtoafive-yearhighafteritreportedafantasticquarter.Foreignsalesaccountedfor65percentofCoke’sbeveragebusiness.OtherAmericancompaniesprofitingfromthistrendincludeMcDonald’sandIBM.

Americantourists,however,shouldn'texpectanyreliefsoon.Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce.Andcurrenciesdon’tturnonadime.Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect.

1.WhydoAmericansfeelhumiliated?

2.HowdoesthecurrentdollaraffectthelifeofordinaryAmericans?

3.HowdomanyEuropeansfeelabouttheU.S.withthedevalueddollar?

4.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoAmericans?

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”(Line2,Pare.7)?

问题1选项

A.Theireconomyisplunging.

B.Theircurrencyhasslumped.

C.Theycan’taffordtripstoEurope.

D.Theyhavelosthalfoftheirassets.

问题2选项

A.TheyhavetocanceltheirvacationsinNewEngland.

B.Theyfinditunaffordabletodineinmom-and-poprestaurants.

C.Theyhavetospendmoremoneywhenbuyingimportedgoods.

D.Theymightlosetheirjobsduetopotentialeconomicproblems.

问题3选项

A.Theyfeelcontemptuousofit.

B.Theyaresympatheticwithit.

C.Theyregarditasasuperpoweronthedecline.

D.Theythinkofitasagoodtouristdestination.

问题4选项

A.Theytreatthedollarwithalittlerespect.

B.Theytrytowinintheweak-dollargamble.

C.Theyvacationathomeratherthanabroad.

D.Theytreasuretheirmarriagesallthemore.

问题5选项

A.Thedollar’svaluewillnotincreaseintheshortterm.

B.Thevalueofadollarwillnotbereducedtoadime.

C.Thedollar’svaluewilldrop,butwithinasmallmargin.

D.FewAmericanswillchangedollarsintoothercurrencies.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词humiliated定位至第三段:Theweakdollarisasourceofhumiliation,foranation'sself-esteemrestsinpartonthestrengthofitscurrency(美元贬值是一种耻辱之源，因为一个国家的自尊在一定程度上取决于其货币的实力)。故选B(货币贬值)。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:It'salsoapotentialeconomicproblem,sinceadecliningdollarmakesimportedfoodmoreexpensiveandexertsupwardpressureoninterestrates(由于美元日益贬值，使得进口商品的价格上涨，对利率的压力也不断增大),故选C(当购买进口商品时，需要支付更多费用)。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第四段:ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheU.S.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexico—asacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty(现在，许多欧洲人眼中的美国显然就像美国人心中的墨西哥一样个价格低的旅游、购物和聚会的好去处)。故选D(他们认为美国是一个好的旅游目的地)。

4.判断推理题。文章最后一段指出:Soifyouwanttoavoidthepaininflictedbytheincreasinglypatheticdollar,cancelthatsummervacationtoEnglandandlooktoNewEngland.There,thedollarisstilltreatedwithalittlerespect(所以，如果你打算避免因为美元持续贬值而带来的伤痛，那么取消今年暑假的英国之旅，转而前往新英格兰州吧。在那里，美元还能保留一丝尊严)。新英格兰州属于美国,故选C(他们在国内度假，而非国外)。

5.语义题。根据题干关键词"currenciesdon’tturnonadime”定位至最后一段,其前一句为:Thedollarloststrengththewaymanymarriagesbreakup—slowly,andthenallatonce(美元疲软就像许多婚姻走向破裂的过程一样先是慢慢的，然后突然爆发)。"turnonadime"本意为“短时间内发生急剧转变”,故选A(美元短时间内不会升值)。

3.单选题

hedefectinDavid’scharacterhas（

）himfromadvancementinhiscareer.

问题1选项

A.exempted

B.forbidden

C.undermined

D.hindered

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词辨析。exempt“免除”；forbidden“禁止”；undermined“破坏”；hindered“阻碍”。句意为：大卫的性格缺陷阻碍了他的事业发展。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

（）everyfieldofourmodernlife,thereisnothingitcannotdotopushourcivilizationtoahigherstage.

问题1选项

A.Computerenters

B.Withcomputerentering

C.Withcomputerenters

D.Computerentered

【答案】B

【解析】考查伴随状语。句意：随着计算机进入我们现代生活的各个领域，没有什么不能把我们的文明推向更高的阶段。with作伴随状语，说明造成某一局面的原因，with+名词+现在分词这种结构表示动作的主动和进行态，因此B选项正确。

5.单选题

Bothaperson’sheredityandhisenvironmenthelptoshapehischaracter.

问题1选项

A.family

B.education

C.nationality

D.surroundings

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项family“家庭”；B选项education“教育”；C选项nationality“国籍”；D选项surroundings“环境”。句意：一个人的遗传和他所处的环境都有助于塑造他的性格。D选项与原文划线词词义最接近，因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Accordingtolegalprovisions,thepropertieswilleither（

）theoriginalownerorelsebesoldatauction.

问题1选项

A.committo

B.backto

C.proceedto

D.revertto

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词组辨析。committo“把……投入”；backto“后退到”；proceedto“继续下去”；revertto“回复；归还”。句意：根据法律规定，这些财产将归还给原主，否则就被拍卖。选项D符合题意。

7.翻译题

FiveNationalHealthService(NHS)trustshavesignedpartnershipswithGoogletoprocesssensitivepatientrecords,inwhatarebelievedtobethefirstdealsoftheirkind.ThecollaborationscameafterDeepMind,theLondon-basedartificialintelligencecompanyownedbyAlphabet,transferredcontrolofitshealthdivisiontoitsCalifornianparent.DeepMindhadcontractstoprocessmedicaldatafromsixNHStruststodevelopitsapp,whichalertsdoctorsandnurseswhenpatientsareatriskofacutekidneyinjury,aswellastoconductAIresearch.FiveofthetrustschosetosigncontractswithGoogle.AccordingtopapersfromtheRoyalFree,thedatathatwillbesharedwithGooglewillincludedetailssuchasmedicalhistory,diagnoses,treatmentdatesandethnicorigin.

【答案】【参考译文】英国国家医疗服务体系的五家信托公司与谷歌签署了合作伙伴关系，以处理敏感的患者记录，这被认为是此类交易的首次。此前，总部位于伦敦的Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind将其医疗部门的控制权转让给了位于加州的母公司。DeepMind与NHS签订了合同，处理来自6个信托机构的医疗数据，以开发自己的应用，以及进行人工智能研究。当患者面临急性肾损伤风险时，该应用会向医生和护士发出警报。其中5家信托公司选择与谷歌签订合同。根据皇家自由报的文件，谷歌将共享的数据包括病史、诊断、治疗日期和种族等细节。

8.单选题

OliveoilhasbeenoneofthestaplesoftheMediterraneandietforthousandsofyearsanditspopularityisgrowingrapidlyinotherpartsoftheworld.Itisoneofthemostversatileoilsforcookinganditenhancesthetasteofmanyfoods.Oliveoilistheonlytypeofvegetable/fruitoilthatcanbeobtainedfromjustpressing.Mostothertypesofpopularoils(cor,canola,etc.)mustbeprocessedinotherwaystoobtaintheoil.Anotherimportantbonusisthatoliveoilhasprovenhealthbenefits.Threebasicgradesofoliveoilaremostoftenavailabletotheconsumer:extraVirgin;VirginandOliveOil.Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.Thesefactorsallcontributetotheindividualcharacteristicsoftheoliveoil.

Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.Oliveswillsurviveonverypoorsiteswithshallowsoilsbutwillgrowveryslowlyandyieldpoorly.Deepsoilstendtoproduceexcessivelyvigoroustrees,alsowithloweryields.Theidealsiteforoliveoilproductionisaclayloamsoilwithgoodinternalandsurfacedrainage.Irrigationisnecessarytoproduceheavycropsandavoidalternatebearing.Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.Thegrowingseasonalsomustbewarmenoughsofruitsmaturebeforeevenlightfallfrosts(usuallybyearlyNovember)becauseofpotentialdamagetothefruitandoilquality.Fortunatelyolivetreesareveryhardyinhotsummertemperaturesandtheyaredroughttolerant.

Thebestoliveoilsholdacertificatebyanindependentorganizationthatauthenticatesthestonegroundandcoldpressedextractionprocess.Inthisprocess,olivesarefirstharvestedbyhandattheproperstageofripenessandmaturity.Expertsfeelthathandharvesting,asopposedtomechanicalharvesting,eliminatesbruisingofthefruitwhichcausestartnessandoilacidity.Theolivesharvestedaretransferreddailytothemill.Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.Someextravirginoliveoilproducersareknowntotransfertheolivesbymulti-tontrucksoverlongdistancesthatexposethefragilefruittocrushingweightandthehotsun,whichcausestheolivestobeginoxidizingandthusbecomingacidic.Inadditiontothetimelapsebetweenharvestingandpressing,oliveoilmustbeobtainedusingmechanicalprocessesonlytobeconsideredvirginorextravirgin.Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.

Onceatthemill,theleavesaresuckedawaywithairfansandtheolivesarewashedwithcirculatingpotablewatertoremoveallimpurities.Thefirststepofextractionismashingtheolivestocreateapaste.Theoil,comprising20%to30%oftheolive,isnestledinpocketswithinthefruit’scells.Theolivesarecrushedinamillwithtwogranitemillstonesrollingwithinametalbasin.Crushingandmixingtheolivesreleasestheoilfromthecellsoftheolivewithoutheatingthepaste.Asideshutteronthemill’sbasinallowsthemixedolivepastetobedischargedandappliedtoroundmats.Thematsarestackedandplacedundertheheadofahydraulicpressframethatappliesdownwardpressureandextractstheoil.Thefirstpressingyieldsthesuperiorqualityoil,andthesecondandthirdpressingsproduceinferiorqualityoil.Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.Theolivepulpisplacedonmatsconstructedwithhemporpolypropylenethatarestackedandthenpressedtosqueezethepulp.Oilandwaterfilterthroughthematstoacollectiontankbelow.Thewaterandoilarethenseparatedinacentrifuge.

Regardlessofthemethodusedforthefirstpressing,thetemperatureoftheoilduringproductionisextremelyimportantinordertomaintainthedistinctcharacteristicsoftheoil.Ifthetemperatureoftheoilclimbsabove86°F,itwillbedamagedandcannotbeconsideredcold-pressed.

Thefirstpressingoilcontainsthemost“polyphenols”,substancesthathavebeenfoundtobepowerfulantioxidantscapableofprotectingagainstcertaintypesofdisease.Thepolyphenolsarenottheonlysubstancesintheolivewithhealth-promotingeffects,buttheyarequiteuniquewhencomparedtoothercommonlyusedculinaryoilssuchassunflowerandsoy.Itisthesepolyphenolsthatreallysetextravirginoliveoilsapartfromanyotheroilandanyotherformofoliveoil.Themorerefinedtheoliveoilis,thesmallerthequantityofpolyphenols.

Theresultoftheproducer’seffortsisacoldpressedextravirginoliveoilwithhighqualitystandardsandorganolepticcharacteristics,whichgivetheoilitshealth-protectiveandaromaticproperties.

1.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffecttheindividualfeaturesofoliveoilsfromdifferentregions?

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisNOTpartofolivetreemanagement?

3.Accordingtothetext,whatisthemaindangeroffrost?

4.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTaffectthe“extravirgin”oliveoilcertification?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.Pickingtechniques

B.Thedateofthepicking

C.Olivevarieties

D.Accesstowater

问题2选项

A.Carefulwatering

B.Replanting

C.Killingparasites

D.Feeding

问题3选项

A.Killstheolivetrees.

B.Thefruitwon’tmature.

C.Notenoughfruitwillbeproduced.

D.Theolivesproducedwillbesmallinsize.

问题4选项

A.Thetemperatureoftheextractionprocess.

B.Thetimegapbetweentreeandbottle.

C.Whichpressingtheoilistakenfrom.

D.Usingwaterintheextractionprocess.

问题5选项

A.Olivetreesdon’tneedaregularsupplyofwatertosurvive.

B.Noothercookingoilsapartfromoliveoilcontainpolyphenols.

C.Damagetoolivesbeforetheyarepressedcanaffectthetasteoftheoil.

D.Manyproducersextractedmoreoilafterthefirstpressingtoproducevirgin.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第七句话“Inadditiontothebasicgrades,oliveoildiffersfromonecountryorregiontoanotherbecauseofthetypesofolivesthataregrown,theharvestingmethods,thetimeoftheharvest,andthepressingtechniques.（除了基本等级外，不同国家或地区的橄榄油也有所不同，原因在于所种植的橄榄的种类、收获方法、收获时间和压榨技术。）”，由此可知A选项“采摘技术”；B选项“收获时间”；C选项“橄榄的品种”都会影响橄榄油的特性，只有D选项“供水”不会影响，因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第一句话“Olivetreesmustbeproperlycaredforinordertoachievegoodeconomicyields,careincludesregularirrigation,pruning,fertilizing,andkillingpests.（为了获得良好的经济产量，橄榄树必须得到适当的护理，护理包括定期灌溉、修剪、施肥和灭虫。）”，由此可知A选项“小心灌溉”；C选项“灭虫”；D选项“喂养”都是橄榄树护理的一部分，只有B选项“再植”不是，因此B选项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段的第六句话“Thesitemustbefreeofhardwinterfrostsbecausewooddamagewilloccurattemperaturesbelow15°Fandalengthyspelloffreezingweathercanruinanychancesforadecentcrop.（该地点必须不受严冬霜冻的影响，因为在15°F以下的温度下，橄榄树会受到损害，而一段时间的严寒天气可能会毁掉一个好收成的机会。）”，由此可推断出霜冻会杀死橄榄树。B选项“水果不会成熟”；C选项“水果产量不够”；D选项“所生产的橄榄体积较小”都是附带提及，只有A选项“杀死橄榄树”才是主要的危险。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Thisisveryimportantbecausethisdailytransferminimizesthetimespentbetweenpickingandpressing.（这是非常重要的，因为每天的转换将采摘和按压之间的时间减少到最小。）”和“Ifheatand/orchemicalprocessesareusedtoproducetheoliveoilorifthetimelapseistoolong,itcannotbecalledvirginorextravirgin.（如果用加热和/或化学方法生产橄榄油，或者时间间隔太长，就不能称之为初榨或特级初榨橄榄油。）”，由此可知除了采摘和压榨时间考究外，还有热量和化学过程需要注意。A选项“提取过程的温度”；B选项“树和瓶子之间的时间间隔”；C选项“用哪种方式压榨”都会影响“特级初榨”橄榄油认证，只有D选项“在提取过程中用水”文章没有提到，因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。A选项“橄榄树不需要定期供水来生存”说法错误，文章第二段就提到了橄榄树需要定期灌溉；B选项“除橄榄油外，没有其他食用油含有多酚”文章没有提及；C选项“橄榄压榨前的损坏会影响油的味道”说法正确，文中第三段有说到橄榄受到损害后会呈酸性；D选项“许多生产商在第一次压榨后提取了更多的油来生产初榨油”说法错误，文中第四段说到“Somesingleestateproducerscollecttheoilthatresultsfromjusttheinitialcrushingwhilemanyotherproducersuseanadditionalsteptoextractmoreoil.（一些单一的地产生产商只收集最初压榨产生的油，而许多其他生产商使用额外的步骤来提取更多的油。）”因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Don’ttrustthespeakeranymore,sincetheremarkshemadeinhislecturesarenever（

）withthefacts.

问题1选项

A.symmetrical

B.comparative

C.compatible

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。symmetrical“匀称的，对称的”；comparative“比较的，相当的”；compatible“兼容的，能共处的”；harmonious“和谐的，和睦的”。

句意：不要再相信那个演说者了，因为他演讲中的话语与事实不符。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Customersinthesemarketsofantiquesaregoodatslashingprices.

问题1选项

A.accessing

B.cutting

C.elevating

D.altering

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”；A项access“进入，使用”，B项cut“切断”，C项elevate“提升，举起”，D项alter“改变，更改”。句意：这些古董市场的顾客很擅长砍价。根据句意可知B项正确。

11.单选题

Hedevelopeda（）attitudeafteryearsoffrustrationinhiscareer.

问题1选项

A.encouraged

B.disgusted

C.drastic

D.cynical

【答案】D

【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厌烦的；drastic激烈的；cynical愤世嫉俗的。句意：在经历了多年的事业挫折之后，他变得愤世嫉俗。选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

Takingapowerwalkorwatchingacomedyontelevisionaretwowaystofreeoneselffromthesullengripsofamelancholymood.

问题1选项

A.dilettantish

B.depressive

C.egalitarian

D.insurgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干melancholy“忧郁的；伤悲的”。A项“业余爱好的；一知半解的”，B项“抑郁的”，C项“主张人人平等的；平等主义的”，D项“起义的，叛乱的”。因此选B。句意：散步或看电视上的喜剧是使自己摆脱忧郁情绪的两种方式。

13.单选题

Nowthecheersandapplause____inasinglesustainedroar.

问题1选项

A.mingled

B.concentrated

C.assembled

D.permeated

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.mingled混合；（在社交场合）相交往B.concentrated集中（注意力）

C.assembled聚集；集合D.permeated渗透；弥漫

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：现在，欢呼声和掌声……在一声持续的吼叫中。根据句意，在吼叫中，欢呼声和掌声是混合在一起的。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项concentrated“集中（注意力）”，不符合句意；

C选项assembled“聚集；集合”，多指作为一个团体聚集在一起；把人或物聚集在一起。该选项不符合语境；

D选项permeated“渗透；弥漫”指液体、气体等渗透；弥漫，不符合语境。

【句意】现在，欢呼声和掌声汇成了一声经久不息的吼声。

14.单选题

Somewriters,fromsheerexuberanceoradesiretoshowoff,interlardtheirworkwithforeignexpressions,withnoregardforthereader’scomfort.

问题1选项

A.sprinkle

B.spray

C.scatter

D.disperse

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.sprinkle撒；使某物包含少量的另一物B.spray喷；喷洒

C.scatter撒播；散开D.disperse分散；疏散

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息withforeignexpressions（用外来语）和withnoregardforthereader’scomfort（完全不顾读者的感受）可推知，作者在作品中掺杂外来语言，interlard表示“掺杂”的意思，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项词义不符合句中所选词汇。

【句意】有些作家纯粹出于热情或炫耀的欲望，在自己的作品中掺杂外来语，完全不顾读者的感受。

15.翻译题

Asholidaysgo,Thanksgivingisinsomewaysthemostphilosophical.Todaywetrynottotakeforgrantedthethingswealmostalwaystakeforgranted.Wetry,ifonlyinthatbriefpausebeforetheeatingbegins,toseethroughthewell-wornpatternsofourlivestowhatliesbehindthem.Inotherwords,wetrytounderstandhowveryrichweare,whetherwefeelveryrichornot.TodayisoneofthefewtimesmostAmericansconsciouslysetdesireaside,ifonlybecausedesireisincompatiblewiththegratitude—nottomentiontheabundance—thatThanksgivingsummons.

ItistemptingtothinkthatoneThanksgivingisprettymuchlikeanother,exceptfordifferencesintheguestlistandtherecipes.Butitisn’ttrue.Thisisalwaysafeastaboutwherewearenow.Thanksgivingreflectsthecomplexionoftheyearwe’rein.Someyearsitfeelsbuoyant,almostjubilantinnature.OtheryearsitseemsmarkedbyaconspicuoushumilityuncommoninthecalendarofAmericanemotions.

Andthisyear?WewillprobablyrememberthisThanksgivingasabanquetofmixedemotions.Thisis,afterall,aprofoundlyAmericanholiday.Theundertowofbusinessasusualseemsespeciallystrongthisyear.Theshadowofawarandmisgivingsoverthefutureloomsinthemindsofmanyofus.MostyearsweenjoytheprivacyofThanksgiving,butthisyeartheholidayfeelslikeareminderforourselvesofwhatitmeanstobeAmerican.

Thatmeansgivingthanksforsomefundamentalprinciplesthatshouldbehonoredeverydayoftheyearinthelifeofthisnation—principlesofgenerosity,toleranceandinclusion.Thisisfeastthatnooneshouldbeturnedawayfrom.Thewelcomewefeelmakessenseonlyifwealsoextendittoothers.

【答案】【参考译文】在众多的假日中，感恩节可以说是最令人深思的节日。今天我们会把平时习以为常的东面看得很珍贵。我们试着，哪怕只是在吃饭前的片刻，去看透那一成不变的生活，悟出背后的道理。换句话说，无论我们觉得自己是贫是富，我们总是尽力把自己看得十分富有。今天是大多数美国人有意识地把欲望放在一边的为数不多的时刻之一，这至少是因为今天我们有一颗感恩的心，更不用说还有一桌丰盛的菜肴，欲望此时光临便显得格格不入。

人们不禁会觉得，除了宾客不同，菜式翻新，感恩节还是年年依旧。其实不然，感恩节这一餐总是关乎到我们的处境，反映出一年的年景。有些年的感恩节我们心情愉悦，几乎是喜气洋洋，但有些年头我们却把感恩节过得相当低调，不敢骄傲，这并不是美国人惯有的情绪。

那么今年呢？日后若想起今年这个感恩节，我们也许会记得，这一餐吃得五味杂陈，这毕竟是一个深具美国特色的节庆之日。但一切如旧的现状对美国人造成的影响在今年似乎特别大，战争的阴影，对未来的担忧，一直盘踞在我们许多人的脑海中。感恩节我们一般与至亲好友在一起，感受那种其乐融融的气氛，可是今年，我们似乎要借感恩节与国人一起重温身为美国人的意义。

这就意味着，我们要为能有一些基本的原则而感恩，一些这个国家的生活中每日应该尊崇的原则，也就是慷慨、容忍、包容的原则。所以这一餐应该是来者不拒。我们感受的节日温馨，只有与他人分享才有意义。

16.单选题

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（）.

问题1选项

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，惯例”；transportation“运输，运输系统”；transmission“传动装置”；transformation“转化，转换，改革”。句意：20世纪见证了世界范围内政治、经济和文化的变革。D项符合题意。

17.单选题

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources,andlaborsupply—-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.（2）theywerenotenough.Something（3）wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That“somethingspecial”wasmen（4）individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnew（5）ofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho（6）themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolution（7）frommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere（8）inventorsthanscientists.Amanwhoisa（9）scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearch（10）.Heisnotnecessarilyworking（11）thathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninvestororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis（12）tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcrete（13）.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheories（14）scienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina（15）result:theconstru