考研考博-英语-安顺职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安顺职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ifeelratherata（

）talkingtoher,becauseshe’ssoclever.

问题1选项

A.mistake

B.fault

C.disadvantage

D.defect

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。beatadisadvantage“处于不利的地位”。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.

B.Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.

C.Conductingresearchonconsumerbehaviour.

D.Observingthechangesinmarketing.

问题2选项

A.Itisachiefconcernofparents.

B.Itisanactofsocialising.

C.Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots.

D.Itisgettingworseyearbyyear.

问题3选项

A.Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.

B.Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehaviour.

C.Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.

D.Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

【解析】RecordingOne

[16]Wellmycurrentresearchisreallyaboutconsumerbehaviour.SorecentlyI’velookedatyoungpeople’sdrinking—andit’sobviouslyamajorconcerntoGovernmentatthemoment.I’vealsolookedathowolderpeoplearerepresentedinthemedia;again,it’sofmajorcurrentinterestwitholderpeoplebecomingamuchlargerproportionofUKandindeedworldsociety.I’malsointerestedinhowconsumersoperateonline,howthatonlinebehaviourmightbedifferentfromhowtheyoperateofflinewhentheygototheshops.Well,Ithinkthattheimportantthinghereistoactuallyunderstandwhat’shappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.OneofthethingsthatbusinessesandindeedGovernmentorganisationsoftenfailtodoistoreallyseewhatishappeningfromtheconsumer’sperspective.Forexample,inthecaseofyoungpeople’sdrinking,[17]oneofthethingsthatwe’veidentifiedisthatdrinkingforpeoplesaybetweentheagesof18and24isallaboutthesocialactivity.AlotoftheGovernmentadvertisinghasbeenaboutindividualresponsibilitybutactuallyunderstandingthatdrinkingisverymuchaboutthesocialactivityandfindingwaystohelpyoungpeoplegethomesafelyandnotendupinhospitalisoneofthethingsthatwe’vetriedtopresentthere.

Thekeythingaboutconsumerbehaviouristhatit’sverymuchabouthowconsumerschange.Marketsalwayschangefasterthanmarketing;sowehavetolookatwhatconsumersaredoing.CurrentlyIteachconsumerbehaviourtounder-graduatesintheirsecondyearandwelookatallkindsofthingsinconsumerbehaviourandparticularlyhowconsumersarepresentedinadvertising.Sotheygetinvolvedbylookingatadvertisingandreallycriticallyassessingtheconsumerbehaviouraspectsofitandgettinginvolvedsometimesdoingprimaryresearch.Forexample;[18]lastyearmystudentsspentaweeklookingattheirownpurchasingandanalyseditindetailfromshoppingtotherelationshipthattheyhavewiththeirretailbanksandtheirmobilephoneproviders.Ithinktheyfounditveryusefulanditalsohelpedthemidentifyjustwhatkindofbudgetstheyhadtoo.Thefactofthematteristhatthere’sawholerangeofinterestingresearchoutthereandIthinkastheyearsgoon,there’sgoingtobemuchmoreforustoconsiderandcertainlymuchmoreforstudentstobecomeinvolvedin.

16.Whatisthespeakercurrentlydoing?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者目前在做什么？录音一开始便提及，说话人正在开展主题为消费者行为的研究。C选项“对消费者行为开展研究”与录音表述符合，因此正确。A选项“调查媒体对政府的影响”利用录音中出现的个别字词拼凑而成的，因此不正确；B选项“研究年轻人饮酒的危害”这只是作为一个例子说明说话人是如何对消费者行为进行研究的，并不是讲话人正在研究的问题，因此不正确；D选项“观察销售行为的变化”，录音中说话人只提到市场经常比销售行为变化得快，并不是说话人在观察销售行为的变化，因此也不正确。

17.Whathasthespeakerfoundaboutyoungpeopleddrinking?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于年轻人饮酒，说话者有什么发现？录音中，就年轻人饮酒的例子，讲话人指出：对于年龄在18至24岁之间的人来说，喝酒都只是一种社交活动。因此B选项“这是一种社交行为”正确。A选项“是父母最关心的问题”，录音中表述的是年轻人饮酒的现象是政府主要关心的事情，而不是父母，因此不正确。C选项“是许多街头骚乱的原因”和D选项“情况一年比一年糟糕”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

18.Whatdoesthespeakersaythathisstudentsdidlastyear?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者说他的学生去年做了什么？录音中提及，说话人的学生有时会参与初步研究。接着举出例子：去年他的学生花费一周的时间观察自身的购买行为，并对此进行详细分析。B选项“他们花费一周时间研究他们自己的购买行为”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们研究了手机对年轻人的影响”和C选项“他们对广告进行了深入的研究”利用录音中出现的个别字词拼凑而成的，表述不准确，因此排除；D选项“他们分析了多年来的家庭预算”，录音中说话人认为他的学生进行的研究可以帮助他们确定自己的预算，但没有提及对自己的家庭预算进行分析，因此D选项不正确。

3.单选题

Theatmospherecontainswatervapor,butthereisalimittohowmuchwatercanbeevaporatedintoagivenvolumeofair,justasthereisalimittohowmuchsugarcanbedissolvedinonecupfulofcoffee.Moresugarcanbedissolvedinhotcoffeethanincold.Agivenvolumeofaircanholdmorewatervaporatahighertemperaturethanatalowertemperature.Theairissaidtobesaturatedwhenitholdsasmuchwatervaporasitcanatthetemperature.At20°Cacubicmeterofaircanholdabout17gramofwatervapor;at30°Citcanholdabout30gram.Usuallytheatmosphereisnotsaturated.Relativehumidity(expressedinpercent)istheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.Forexample,ifacubicmeterofairat20°Ccontains12gramofwatervapor,therelativehumidityis12gm/17gmx100=71%.Hydrometersareinstrumentsformeasuringrelativehumidity.Readingsonwetanddrybulbthermometerscanbecomparedwiththeaidofachartfromwhichonecanthenreadofftherelativehumidity.Thebasicprincipleofthisisthatevaporationisacoolingprocess.Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.Thereisnosimpleformulaforconvertingthistemperaturedifferencetorelativehumidity,andthereforeachartisused.

Ifunsaturatedairiscooled,itsrelativehumiditygoesup.Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.

1.Whenthereadingsonthewet-bulbthermometerandthedry-bulbthermometeraresimilar,wemayassumethat（

）.

2.Whenthetemperatureoftheairrisesabovethedewpoint,（

）.

问题1选项

A.wehaverelativehumidity

B.theairissaturated

C.thethermometerisinefficient

D.thetemperatureisabouttorise

问题2选项

A.dewwillform

B.itwillrain

C.therelativehumidityexceeds100%

D.evaporationislikelytotakeplace

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Relativehumidityistheratioofthemassofwatervaporactuallypresentinagivenvolumeofairtothemasswhichwouldbepresentinitifitweresaturated.（相对湿度是给定体积空气中实际存在的水蒸气质量与饱和时存在的水蒸气质量之比）和Therateofevaporationfromthewet-bulbthermometerwillbehighwhentherelativehumidityislow,andthereforeonsuchadaythewet-bulbthermometerwillreadconsiderablybelowthedry-bulbone.（当相对湿度较低时，湿球温度计的蒸发率将很高，因此在这一天，湿球温度计的读数将大大低于干球温度计）可推测当干湿球温度中的度数相近时，则说明相对湿度高，故相对湿度越高说明空气中实际水蒸气含量越接近饱和，因此选B。

2.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Ifthetemperatureoftheairdropssufficiently,saturationisreachedandexcessmoistureprecipitatesout.Thedewpointisthetemperaturetowhichtheairmustbecooledtobecomesaturatedandcondensationwilljustform.（如果空气温度下降到足够的程度，就会达到饱和，多余的水分就会沉淀出来。露点是指空气必须冷却到的温度，以达到饱和，然后才会形成冷凝）可推测当空气中的温度上升到高于露点温度时，空气中水汽将不会达到饱和，就会产生蒸发，因此选D。

4.单选题

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebreadwinner'sdeath.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesake

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。atthecostof

以…为代价；onthevergeof接近于,

源临于；asaresultof因为,

由于；forthesakeof为了…的缘故。句意：人寿保险可以在养家糊口的人死后,

为抚养其家属提供经济保障。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

5.

问题1选项

A.Inahotel.

B.Atafastfoodbar.

C.Inthesupermarket.

D.Inthedepartmentstore.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ican’tfindtheinstantsoup.

W:Didyoulooknexttothecannedsoup?

M:Ilookedthere.Butthereisn'tanythingontheshelf.

W:Whydon’tyoutrythespicesection?Itoughttobethere.

Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推断题。对话中出现的关键词有：instantsoup(速溶汤粉)，cannedsoup(罐装浓汤)，spicesection(香料货架)，由此推测对话发生在自选超市。

6.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromEnglishintoChinese.(3x5)

1.Werecognizethatinthelongrun,innovationisakeydriverofgrowthforbothindividualcountriesandtheglobaleconomyasawhole.Wearecommittedtotacklingoneoftherootcausesofweakgrowthbytakinginnovationasakeyelementofourefforttoidentifynewgrowthenginesforindividualcountriesandtheworldeconomy.

2.Recognizingthedetrimentaleffectsofcorruptionandillicitfinanceflowsonequitableallocationofpublicresources,sustainableeconomicgrowth,theintegrityoftheglobalfinancialsystemandtheruleoflaw,wewillreinforcetheG20’seffortstoenhanceinternationalcooperationagainstcorruption,whilefullyrespectinginternationallaw,humanrightsandtheruleoflawaswellasthesovereigntyofeachcountry.

3.ThepridewefeelwhensomeonefromournationwinsaNobelPrizeisdifferentfromtheonewefeelwitnessingoneofourathleteswinninganOlympicmedal.Wedon’tfeeltheprideofourtribedemonstratingsuperiorityoverothertribes.Rather,it'sthepridethatcomesfromknowingthatoneofushasmadeasignificantcontributiontoourcommonhumanendeavor.

【答案】1.我们认识到，创新是各国和全球经济长期增长的重要动力。我们致力于解决经济增长疲软的根源问题之一，将创新作为我们努力为各国和世界经济寻找新的增长引擎的关键因素。

2.认识到腐败和非法资金流动对公共资源公平分配、可持续经济增长的不利影响，以及破坏全球金融体系的完整性和法治，我们将加强二十国集团的反腐败国际合作，同时充分尊重国际法、人权、法治以及各国主权。

3.当我们看到来自我们国家的人获得诺贝尔奖时心里产生的那种自豪感，与我们看到我国运动员收获奥运奖牌时油然而生的自豪感不同。我们内心并不会有一种优越感认为我们的民族优于其他民族，恰恰相反，获得诺贝尔奖的自豪感是源于得知我们当中的某个人对全人类的共同努力做出了重大贡献。

7.单选题

Whengivinganygeneraloverviewofthedevelopmentanduseofmachinetranslation(MT)systemsandtranslationtools,itisimportanttodistinguishfourbasictypesoftranslationdemand.

Thefirst,andtraditionaltypeofdemandisfortranslationsofaqualitynormallyexpectedfromhumans,i.e.translationsofpublishablequality.ThisillustratestheuseofMTfordissemination.Ithasbeensatisfied,tosomeextent,bymachinetranslationsystemseversincetheywerefirstdevelopedinthe1960s.However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or“controlled”invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.SomeMTsystemshave,however,beendevelopedtodealwithaverynarrowrangeoftextcontentandlanguagestyle,andthesemayrequirelittleornopreparationorrevisionoftexts.

Thesecondbasicdemandisfortranslationsatasomewhatlowerlevelofquality,whichareintendedforuserswhowanttofindouttheessentialcontentofaparticulardocument—andgenerally,asquicklyaspossible.Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.SinceMTsystemsdidnot(andstillcannot)producehighqualitytranslations,someusershavefoundthattheycanextractwhattheyneedtoknowfromtheuneditedoutput.Theywouldratherhavesometranslation,howeverpoor,thannotranslationatall.WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.

Thethirdtypeofdemand—MTforinterchange—comesfromtheneedforimmediatetranslationinordertoconveythebasiccontentofmessages.MTsystemsarefindinga“natural”role,sincetheycanoperatevirtuallyorinfactinreal-timeandon-lineandtherehasbeenlittleobjectiontotheinevitablepoorquality,andareusefulinproducingspokenlanguagetranslations,e.g.fortelephoneconversationsandbusinessnegotiations.Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.

Thefourthareaofapplicationisfortranslationwithinmultilingualsystemsofinformationretrieval,informationextraction,databaseaccess,etc.ThisfieldisthefocusofanumberofprojectsinEuropeatthepresenttime,whichhavetheaimofwideningaccessforallmembersoftheEuropeanUniontosourcesofdataandinformationwhateverthesourcelanguage.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatinrenderingpublishabletranslationsofliteraryworks,（

）.

2.MTsystemswillmakefewerrorsif

（

）.

3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,usersofMTforassimilation

（

）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraphthatwiththeprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems,（

）.

问题1选项

A.MTsystems’performanceissatisfactorytoasubstantialdegree

B.littlecouldbedonebyMTsystemsdevelopedsofar

C.MTsystemscandomuchbetterthanhumantranslators

D.considerablerevisiononMTproducedtextsisneeded

问题2选项

A.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextisstandard

B.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextissimplified

C.thelanguageoftheoriginaltextiscontrolled

D.theoriginaltextdealswithaspecializedsubject

问题3选项

A.aregrowingfastinnumber

B.complainalotaboutitspoorquality

C.cangetlittlefromtheuneditedoutput

D.wouldratherhavenotranslationatall

问题4选项

A.onecancommunicateonthephonewithanotherwhospeaksadifferentlanguage

B.interpreterswillnolongerbeusefulininternationalnegotiationsorconferences

C.itwillbeonlynaturalthatpeoplewillfindlittleneedtolearnaforeignlanguage

D.peoplewillfindnocausetocomplainaboutthequalityoftextsturnedoutbythem

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。第二段说到MT系统的问题出现在“However,MTsystemproduceoutputwhichmustinvariablyberevisedor“post-edited”byhumantranslatorsifitistoreachthequalityrequired.Sometimessuchrevisionmaybesubstantial,sothatineffecttheMTsystemisproducinga“draft”translation.然而，如果要达到要求的质量，MTsystem所产生翻译必须由人工译者进行修改或“后期编辑”。有时这样的修改可能是实质性的，因此MT系统实际上是在生成一个“草稿”翻译。”说明MT系统翻译出来的成品需要人工修改，D选项“需要对MT产生的文本进行大量修订”符合题意。

2.事实细节题。由题干关键词fewerrors定位到文章第二段倒数第二句“Asanalternative,theinputtextmayberegularized(or‘controlled’invocabularyandsentencestructure)sothattheMTsystemproducesfewerrorswhichhavetobecorrected.作为一种替代方法，输入文本可以被正规化(或在词汇和句子结构上“受控”)，这样机器翻译系统产生的需要纠正的错误就很少。”因此条件就是“控制”输入文本的语言。C选项“原文的语言被控制”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。由题干关键词assimilation定位到文章第三段第二句“Thisdemand—theuseofMTforassimilation—hasbeenmetinthepastas,ineffect,aby-productofsystemsdesignedoriginallyforthedisseminationapplication.这一需求——使用MT进行同化——在过去已经得到满足，实际上，它是最初为传播应用而设计的系统的副产品。”最后一句补充说到“WiththecomingofcheaperPC-basedsystemsonthemarket,thistypeofusehasgrownrapidlyandsubstantially.随着市场上更便宜的基于pc的系统的出现，这种类型的使用（使用MT进行同化）已经迅速而显著地增长。”由此可知A选项“数量正迅速增长”正确。

4.判断推理题。题干中的theprogressivesophisticationofMTsystems“MT系统的逐步成熟”，说明问的是MT系统的发展势头，第四段最后一句说到“Theproblemsofintegratingspeechrecognitionandautomatictranslationareobviouslyhardtotackle,butprogressisneverthelessbeingmade.Inthefuture—stilldistant,perhaps—wemayexpecton-lineMTsystemsforthetranslationofspeechinhighlyrestricteddomains.语音识别与自动翻译的融合问题显然难以解决，但仍在不断取得进展。在未来——也许还是遥远的未来——我们可以期待在高度受限的领域中实现语音翻译的在线机器翻译系统。”由此可知未来的进展可能出现在“在线机器语音翻译”这方面，对比选项可得A选项“一个人可以通过电话与另一个说不同语言的人交流”符合文意。

8.单选题

Becausefolkartisneithercompletelyrejectednoracceptedasanartformbyarthistorians,theirfinalevaluationsofitnecessarilyremain（

）.

问题1选项

A.arbitrary

B.estimable

C.unspoken

D.equivocal

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。arbitrary“任意的，任性的”；estimable“值得尊敬的”；unspoken“未说出口的，不言而喻的”；equivocal“模棱两可的，意义不确的”。句意：因为艺术家既不会完全否认也不接受民间艺术是一种艺术形式，他们关于它（民间艺术）的评论是模棱两可的。选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Ifeltsomewhatdisappointedandwasabouttoleave,（

）somethingoccurredwhichattractedmyattention.

问题1选项

A.unless

B.until

C.when

D.while

【答案】C

【解析】考查时间状语从句。根据句意可知发生的事，是在我打算离开的时候，故空格处需要一个连词引导时间状语从句，排除A、B选项，occurred为短暂性动词，而while引导的从句动词必须是持续性动词，因此选C。句意：我有些失望且正要离开时，突然发生了一件事引起了我的注意。

10.单选题

“Hello,Bob,Ididn’tknowyou（）jogging.”“Oh,yesGeorge,I’vebeendoingitforoveramonthnow.”

问题1选项

A.wentfor

B.wentout

C.wentonwith

D.wentinfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项wentfor“去找，被认为，主张，拥护，努力获取”；B选项wentout“出去，熄灭，过时”；C选项wentonwith“继续，进行，暂时使用”；D选项wentinfor“爱好，参与，从事，追求，赞成”。句意：“你好，鲍勃，我不知道你（）慢跑。”“噢，是的，乔治，我已经跑了一个多月了。”可以看出，提问的人是不知道鲍勃“爱好慢跑运动”，因此D选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Iwish（

）toStockholmwhenIwasinSweden.Ihearit’sabeautifulcity.

问题1选项

A.Iwent

B.Ihadgone

C.togo

D.tohavegone

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句用一般过去时表示与现在相反的情况，用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况，用would/coulddo表示与将来相反的情况。由“whenIwasinSweden”可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故wish后的宾语从句用过去完成时，因此选B。

12.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这位学生称自己觉得这篇文章中有几点难以理解。

语法题。考查过去完成吋态。句中“said”表示一般过去时,句中后面的动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时态的A项“hadfound”正确。

13.单选题

Howcanwefinishtheworkinthe（）ofanyotherhelpers?

问题1选项

A.shortage

B.haste

C.deficiency

D.absence

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项shortage“缺乏，不足”。B选项haste“匆忙，急忙”。C选项deficiency“缺陷，缺点”。D选项absence“缺席，缺少，没有”。句意：如果没有其他帮手，我们怎么能完成这项工作呢?本句表示“缺乏帮手的话，难以完成这项工作”。因此D选项符合题意。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

BeginningintheUnitedStatesinDecember2007(andwithmuchgreaterintensitysinceSeptember2008，accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch),muchoftheindustrializedworldhasbeenundergoingarecession,apronounceddecelerationofeconomicactivity.Thisglobalrecessionhasbeentakingplaceinaneconomicenvironmentcharacterizedbyvariousimbalancesandwassparkedbytheoutbreakofthefinancialcrisisof2007-2010.Althoughthelate2000srecessionhasattimesbeenreferredtoas“theGreatRecession,”thissamephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoeveryrecessionoftheseveralprecedingdecades.InJuly2009,itwasannouncedthatagrowingnumberofeconomistsbelievedthattherecessionmayhaveended.

ThefinancialcrisishasbeenlinkedtorecklessandunsustainablelendingpracticescompoundedbygovernmentinterventionandthegrowingtrendofsecuritizationofrealestatemortgageintheUnitedStates.TheUSmortgage-backedsecurities,whichhadrisksthatwerehardtoassess,weremarketedaroundtheworld.Amorebroadbasedcreditboomfedaglobalspeculativebubbleinrealestateandequities,whichservedtoreinforcetheriskylendingpractices.Theprecariousfinancialsituationwasmademoredifficultbyasharpincreaseinoilandfoodprices.TheemergenceofSub-primeloanlossesin2007beganthecrisisandexposedotherriskyloansandover-inflatedassetprocess.WithloanlossesmountingandthefallofLehmanBrothersonSeptember15,2008,amajorpanicbrokeoutontheinter-bankloanmarket.AsshareandhousingpricesdeclinedmanylargeandwellestablishedinvestmentandcommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesandEuropesufferedhugelossesandevenfacedbankruptcy,resultinginmassivepublicfinancialassistance.

Aglobalrecessionhasresultedinsharpdropininternationaltrade,risingunemploymentandslumpingcommodityprices.InDecember2008,theNationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)declaredthattheUnitedStateshadbeeninrecessionsinceDecember2007.Severaleconomistshavepredictedthatrecoverymaynotappearuntil2011andthattherecessionwillbetheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Theconditionsleadinguptothecrisis,characterizedbyanexorbitantriseinassetpricesandassociatedboomineconomicdemand,areconsideredaresultoftheextendedperiodofeasilyavailablecredit,inadequateregulationandoversight,orincreasinginequality.

TherecessionhasrenewedinterestinKeynesianeconomicideasonhowtocombatrecessionaryconditions.Fiscalandmonetarypolicieshavebeensignificantlyeasedtostemtherecessionandfinancialrisks.Mosteconomistsbelievethatthestimulusshouldbewithdrawnassoonastheeconomiesrecoverenoughto“chartapathtosustainablegrowth”.

【答案】2007年12月从美国开始(美国国家经济研究局称，自2008年9月以来，美国的经济衰退强度更大)，许多工业化国家经济衰退，经济活动明显减速。这次全球经济衰退发生在以各种不平衡为特征的经济环境中，是由2007-2010年金融危机爆发引起的。虽然2000年后期的经济衰退有时被称为“经济大衰退”，但同样的说法也被用来指过去几十年的每一次经济衰退。2009年7月，越来越多的经济学家相信此次经济衰退可能已经结束。

这次金融危机与不计后果和无法维持的借贷行为有关，再加上政府的干预和美国房地产抵押证券化的日益增长的趋势。美国抵押担保证券已在世界各地被销售，这些证券的风险很难评估。

一个更广泛的信贷繁荣催生了全球房地产和股票投机泡沫，从而加强了高风险贷款做法。岌岌可危的财政状况因石油和食品价格急剧上涨而变得更加困难了。2007年次贷款亏损的出现引发了这次危机，暴露了其他高风险贷款和过度膨胀的资产过程。随着贷款损失的增加以及2008年9月15日雷曼兄弟的破产，银行间贷款市场出现了重大恐慌。随着股票和房价的下跌，美国和欧洲许多大型、老牌的投资银行和商业银行遭受了巨大的损失，甚至面临破产，从而导致大量的公共财政援助。

全球经济衰退导致国际贸易急剧下降，失业率上升，商品价格下跌。2008年12月，美国国家统计局宣布，自2007年12月以来，美国一直处于经济衰退状态。几位经济学家预测，经济复苏可能要到2011年才会出现，这次经济经济衰退将是20世纪30年代经济大萧条以来最严重的一次。导致这次经济危机的条件被认为是由于信贷期限延长、监管和监督不足或不平等加剧造成的，其特点是资产价格暴涨和相关的经济需求激增。

这次经济经济衰退使人们对凯恩斯主义关于如何应对经济衰退的经济观点重新产生了兴趣。财政和货币政策已大幅度放松，以遏制经济衰退和金融风险。大多数经济学家认为，一旦经济恢复到足以“开辟一条可持续增长的道路”，经济刺激计划就应该立即退出。

15.单选题

Thegovernmentclaimedthatitwasaccidental，butthehollowand(

)excusecouldnotconvincethepublic.

问题1选项

A.feeble

B.deliberate

C.fluent

D.delicate

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。feeble“牵强的；不太可信的”；deliberate“深思熟虑的；故意的”；fluent“流畅的，流利的”；delicate“精美的；易碎的”。句意：政府声称那是意外，但是空洞而又牵强的借口无法说服公众。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Mostnursesarewomen,butinthehigherranksofthemedicalprofessionwomenareina（

）.

问题1选项

A.scarcity

B.minority

C.minimum

D.shortage

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scarcity“不足，缺乏”；minority“少数，少数派”；minimum“最小值”；shortage“不足，缺少”。句意：大部分护士是女性，但是在更高级别的医疗职业中，女性却只有少数。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Physicallife,whichhasoftenbeendepreciatedfromthemoralpointofview,isnotindeedbyitselfsupreme,butitiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.Onewouldbeashamedtowritesuchatruismwereitnotthatourjuvenilecourtsandourprisoninvestigationsshowhowfarwearefromhavingsenseditinthepast.Andourpresentlaborconditionsshowhowfarourorganizationofindustryisfromanydecentprovisionforahealthy,sound,vigorouslifeofallthepeople.Thiswarisshockinginitsdestruction,butitisdoubtfulifitcandotheharmtoGreatBritainthatherfactorysystemhasdone.Andiflifeisinonerespectlessthanideals,inanotherrespectitisgreater;foritprovidesthepossibilitynotonlyofcarryingoutexistingidealsbutofthebirthofnewandhigherideals.Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized.Thegreatpossibilitiesofcooperationhavelongbeenutilizedinwar.Withthefactoryandcommercialorganizationofthepastcenturywehavehintsoftheireconomicpower.Ourschools,books,newspapers,areremovingsomeofthebarriers.Buthowfardifferentsocialclassesarefromanyknowledge,nottosayappreciation,ofeachother!Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust!ThefourthgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sherointheResearchMagnificentisyetfarfromsolution.ThegreatdangertomoralityinAmericaliesnotinanytheoryastothesubjectivityofthemoraljudgment,butintheconflictofclassesandraces.Intelligenceandreasonareincertainrespectsadvancing.Thesocialsciencesarefindingtoolsandmethods.Wearelearningtothinkofmuchofourmoralinertia,ourwasteoflife,ournarrowness,ourmuddlingandblunderinginsocialarrangements,asstupid—wedonotliketobecalledstupidevenifwescorntheimputationofclaimingtobe“good”.Butwedonotorganizepeaceaseffectivelyaswar.Weshrinkbeforethethoughtofexpendingforscientificinvestigationsumscomparablewiththoseusedformilitarypurposes.Andisscholarshipentitledtoshifttheblameentirelyuponotherinterests?Perhapsifitconceiveditstasksingreatertermsandaddresseditselftothemmoreenergeticallyitwouldfindgreatersupport.Andfinallytheprocessofjudgmentandappraisal,ofexaminationandrevaluation.Tojudgeforthesakeofjudging,toanalyzeandevaluateforthesakeoftheprocesshardlyseemsworthwhile.Butifwesupplytheprocesswiththenewfactorsofincreasedlife,physical,social,intelligent,weshallbecompelledtonewvaluations.Suchhasbeenthecourseofmoraldevelopment;wemayexpectthistoberepeated.Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents.Asmedievalism,thecenturyofenlightenment,andthecenturyofindustrialrevolution,eachhaditsethics,sothecenturythatfollowsoughttohaveitsethics,rousedbytheproblemofdealingfundamentallywitheconomic,social,racial,andnationalrelations,andusingtheresourcesofbetterscientificmethodthanbelongedtotheethicalsystemswhichservedwelltheirtime.

1.“Thewar”theauthorreferstointhepassageis（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingproverbs/sayingsbestexpressesthemeaningofthewriter’sopinion?

3.ThelastgreatproblemwhichbafflesWells’sheroinTheResearchMagnificentis

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,moralprogressinvolves

（

）.

5.Fromthetextwemaydeducethattheauthorviewsmoraldevelopmentinthefuturewith

（

）.

问题1选项

A.thecivilwar

B.WorldWarI

C.WorldWarII

D.thewarinVietnam

问题2选项

A.Aman’sreachshouldexceeditsgrasp.

B.Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.

C.Destinyisinyourownhands.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.sex

B.jealousy

C.prejudice

D.fear

问题4选项

A.aprocessoflogicaldeduction

B.insightintothenatureofthingsastheyare

C.theconvictionthatmorallifeisaprocessinvolvingsocialintercourse

D.noneoftheabove

问题5选项

A.optimism

B.confidence

C.pessimism

D.caution

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。文中说到“Thegreatwarandthechangesthatemergeoughttosetnewtasksforethicalstudents”，所以thewar是指thegreatwar，而这是第一次世界大战的英文表述，因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:2.判断推理题。文中说到“itiscertainthatmuchevilchargedtoabadwillisduetomorbidordefectiveconditionsofthephysicalorganism.”可以肯定的是，许多恶行都是由于生理有机体的病态或缺陷状态造成的。因此相对的“Ahealthymindisinahealthybody.”B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。由文中两个感叹句“Howfardifferentracesareapart!Howeasytoinculcatenationalhatredanddistrust”可知困扰威尔斯笔下主人公的是“races”，也就是C选项的prejudice“偏见”。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文中没有直接提到选项的一些关键词，但是有“Socialinteractionlikewisehasbeenmuchdiscussedbutisstillveryinadequatelyrealized”，社会交往的问题已经讨论过很多次，但还远未能实现，紧跟着后文提到的一系列问题也是道德在社会交往层面未能实现的体现，因此生活为理想的实现以及更高层次新理