考研考博-英语-天津生物工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津生物工程职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

______elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.

问题1选项

A.Cultivated

B.Regulated

C.Civil

D.Tame

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Cultivated用于耕作的；有教养的B.Regulated调节的

C.Civil国民的；平民的D.Tame养驯的，驯服的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“______的大象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气”可知，野象脾气不稳定，而驯服的大象会更温顺，所以空格处表示“驯服的”符合句意，该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】驯象和野象在很多方面都不一样，包括它们的脾气。

2.单选题

The___atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

问题1选项

A.confinement

B.convention

C.discipline

D.principle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confinement“限制；监禁；分娩”；B选项convention“大会；[法]惯例；[计]约定；[法]协定；习俗”；C选项discipline“学科；纪律；训练；惩罚”；D选项principle“原理；原则；主义；道义；本质；本义；根源；源泉”。句意：这所军事学校的___太严格了，学生们几乎无法忍受。本句表达“军事学校的纪律”，因此选项C正确。

3.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

____thesightofthepoliceofficers,themenranoff.

问题1选项

A.In

B.At

C.On

D.With

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atthesightof…相当于onseeing...指一看见...就...。句意：那些人一看见警察就跑了。inthesightofsb.指在某人看来,不符合句意。所以本题选B。

5.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词义辨析。byvirtueof"由于,凭借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看见";bywayof"经由,当作"。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品,因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

（

）atconveyingherunderlyingmessagesthroughtheskilleduseofwordsthatherlecturewasgreetedbystudentswithdeafeningapplause.

问题1选项

A.Sosuccessfulthespeakerwas

B.Sosuccessfulwasthespeaker

C.Thespeakersosuccessful

D.Becausethespeakerwassosuccessful

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这位演讲者通过巧妙的语言如此成功地表达了她的潜在信息，以致她的演讲得到学生们震耳欲聋的掌声。

语法题。考查部分倒装。在so...that…句型中,如果so+形容词提前,句子需要部分倒装,故选B。

7.单选题

Complacencyhasledtosomeappallingecological（

）.

问题1选项

A.damages

B.tragedies

C.catastrophes

D.dangers

【答案】C

【解析】查名词辨析。damage意为“损害、毁坏”等时，是不可数名词，意为“价钱、费用”时，是可数名词，意为“赔偿费”时，必须用其复数形式。tragedy意为“悲剧，惨剧”；catastrophe意为“灾难，灾祸”；danger意为“危险”，泛指“危险”时，danger是不可数名词,指具体的“危险、危险物、可能造成损伤、疼痛等的人”时，是可数名词。

句意：自满导致了一些可怕的生态灾难。

8.单选题

Wewerefourscoresleftbehindwithfiveminutestogo,sothegamelookedcompletely（

）.

问题1选项

A.irresistible

B.irremissible

C.irreplaceable

D.irretrievable

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项的irresistible“不可抵抗的，不能压制的”；B选项的irremissible“不可宽恕的，无法逃避的”;C选项的irreplaceable“不能调换的”；D选项的irretrievable“不能挽回的，不能复原的”。根据句意‘比赛还有五分钟结束，我们落后四分，所以这场比赛看上去完全无法挽回’确定D选项正确。

9.单选题

Apoormanhasto（）manythingswhicharichmanregardsasalmostnecessariesinlife.

问题1选项

A.gothrough

B.gowithout

C.goover

D.goabout

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。gothrough通过，仔细检查；gowithout没有……也行，常指被迫如此；goover复习；goabout着手做。句意：穷人没有那些富人认为是生活中必不可少的东西也能活。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Doctorsareresearchingthehealthbenefitsofredwine,specificallytheapparentlywondrouspowersofresveratrol,apolyphenolthatisfoundintheskinofgrapesandisthoughttopreventillnessandpromotelongevity.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox,whichassumedthatthelowrateofheartdiseaseinFrance,despiteanationaldietgloriouslyabundantinrichfoods,wasduetothecountry’shugeconsumptionofredwine,Thatreportfannedanobsessiveinterestinthenutritionalandtherapeuticpropertiesofwine.ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?

Obviously,scientistsaren’tinvestigatingwine’sphysiologicalimpactbecausetheyarecamouflageforthewineindustryandwanttoencourageAmericanstodrink;theresearchisbeingpursuedandtheresultsdisseminatedbecauseitappearsthattherereallyisalinkbetweenredwineandwell-being.Itisnowwidelyrecognizedthatmoderateredwineconsumption-generallydefinedadoneortwo5-ounceglassesadayforwomenandtwoorthreeformen,drunkwithfood-increasesHDLcholesterol.The“good”cholesterolthatremoverfattydepositsfromarteries.Inaddition,scientistshavedeterminedthattheflavonoidsinredwinehaveananticoagulanteffectthatcanhelppreventbloodclotsleadingtoheartattacks.

ResveratrolisalsosaidtohavearoleinpreventingclotsandisbelievedtoinhibittheproductionofLDLcholesterol-thebadkind.Resveratrolseemstobetheomnipotentingredientinredwine-a“vascularpipe-cleaner,”asDr.ChristophWestphalandHarvardbiochemistDavidSinclairputit,whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness,Alzheimer.Itisalsoclaimedthatthisantioxidantcanbooststamina,reducelunginflammationstemmingfromchronicpulmonarydisease,andhelppreventcancer.Inthefallof2008,UniversityofPittsburghscientistsevenreportedthatresveratrolmightoffersomeprotectionagainstradiationpoisoning.

1.Theauthorreferstothe“FrenchParadox”(Line4,Para1)inorderto（

）.

2.ThelastsentenceinParagraph1implies

（

）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeisto

（

）.

4.Inthelastparagraph,“Alzheime”isstatedasanexampleof（

）.

问题1选项

A.explainallformerstudieshavefailedtodiscoverthemedicalfunctionofredwine

B.givemoreinformationonanewly-foundscientificdiscoveryofredwine

C.advocatefurtherstudyshouldbeconductedonthenationaldietofFrance

D.showit’shardtodecidewhetherredwineresultsinlowerheartdiseaserateinFrance

问题2选项

A.Americansarealwayscurioustofindoutscientificevidencefortheirdiet

B.aslongasweliketheflavorofwine,wecanjustgoaheadtohavemore

C.Americanshaveforlonghadaverystronginterestinraisingquestions

D.peoplecancontinuedrinkingredwineregardlessofitstasteandeffect

问题3选项

A.narrate

B.instruct

C.criticize

D.explain

问题4选项

A.theagingprocess

B.chronicpulmonarydisease

C.gerontologicaldisease

D.radiationpoisoning

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题目提问‘作者提到(第4行，第1段)“法国悖论”是为了……。’根据第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine;in1991,itcalledattentiontotheso-calledFrenchParadox.这已经不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处了，1991年呼吁人们注意所谓法国悖论就是其中的一次。”确定B选项‘为关于红酒的新科学发现提供更多信息‘正确。

2.推断题。题目提问‘第1段的最后一句意味着……。’根据第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”确定这里作者想说的是“想喝酒就喝吧，不要找其它理由”，所以B选项‘只要酒的味道是我们喜欢的，我们就可以直接多喝些‘正确。

3.推断题。题目提问‘作者的目的是……。’根据文中由第一段第二句中的“Thiswasn’tthefirsttimetrumpetingthevirtuesofredwine.这不是第一次鼓吹红酒的好处。”中的trumpeting（鼓吹）以及第—段最后一句“ThisseemstobeaparticularlyAmericanfixation,anditraisesanintriguingquestion:Whyarewe-Americans-soanxioustofindjustificationsfordrinkingwinebeyondthefactthatittastesgoodandwelikeit?这似乎是一种特别的美国情结，它提出了一个耐人寻味的问题：为什么我们美国人如此渴望找到喝酒的理由，而不只是因为它味道好，而且我们喜欢它?”可以确定作者的态度是带有批评意味的，C选项正确。

4.推断题。题目提问‘在最后一段，“阿尔茨海默病”是作为一个……例子。’根据最后一段第一句中的“whoseresearchsuggeststhatresveratrolcandelaytheagingprocessandpreventmanygerontologicaldiseases.研究表明白藜芦醇可以延缓衰老过程，预防许多老年疾病。”与第二句中的“Afewyearsago,scientistsreportedthatresveratrolmaydiscouragetheonsetofonesuchillness.几年前，科学家报告说，白藜芦醇可能会阻止这种疾病的发生.”两句的关系（前面提出与后面证明）确定第二句中的onesuchillness（Alzheimer）与第一句中的manygerontologicaldiseases是相互对应的，所以C选项正确。

11.单选题

Governmenttodayplaysanincreasinglylargerroleinthe（

）ofwelfare,economics,andeducation.

问题1选项

A.scopes

B.ranges

C.ranks

D.domains

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。scope“范围，眼界，视野”；range“范围；幅度”；rank“级别，等级”；domain“领域，域，域名”。句意：现在政府在很多领域扮演着重要的角色，比如福利、经济和教育等。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

The（）ofjettravelhasmadetheworldseemsmaller.

问题1选项

A.remark

B.relationship

C.removal

D.innovation

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remark评论；relationship关系；removal去掉；innovation发明。句意：喷气式飞机旅行的发明似乎使世界变小了。选项D符合句意。

13.写作题

Directions:Givealistofatleast5examplesofhowChinesecultureshinesaIdazzlingOlympicsopeningceremony,e.g.thepercussionrhythmsof2,008fouls,aprimitiveinstrumenlmadeofclayorbronze.RememberIowriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】略

14.单选题

Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（

）forawholeweek.(98/6)

问题1选项

A.constrained

B.dominated

C.restricted

D.occupied

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained“被强迫的”；dominated“占主导地位的”；restricted“受限制的’；occupied“使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。

15.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Collaborations:TheriseofresearchnetworksAfundamentalshiftistakingplaceinthegeographyofscience.Networksofresearchcollaborationareexpandingineveryregionoftheglobe.(46)TheestablishedsciencesuperpowersoftheUnitedStatesandEuropehavedominatedtheresearchworldsince1945.YetthisAtlanticaxisisunlikelytobethemainfocusofresearchby2045.Orperhapsevenby2020.

(47)Newregionalnetworksarereinforcingthecompetenceandcapacityofemergingresearcheconomies,andchangingtheglobalbalanceofresearchactivity.Thismaywellrevealdifferentwaysofapproachingchallenges,andsolutionsthataredifferenttothoseofWesterninstitutions.Ifthesciencesuperpowersaretoavoidbeingleftbehind,theywillneedtostepoutoftheircomfortzonestokeepupwiththedynamismofthenewplayersinthisshiftinglandscape.

(48)Collaborationisnormallyagoodthingfromawiderpublicperspective.Knowledgeisbettertransferredandcombinedbycollaboration,andco-authoredpaperstendtobecitedmorefrequently.Butcouldincreasedglobalcollaborationmeanablendingofobjectivesthatrisksleavingblandpriorities?

Co-authorshipisavalidproxyforcollaborationbecausefewscientistssurrendercreditfortheirpaperslightly,sowecanassumethatsharingofauthorshipreflectsatangibleengagement.(49)Suchpublicationdataarereadilyavailable,covermanycountriesandresearchdisciplinestoagooddepth,andhavereasonableconsistencyacrossdecades.Changesinthebalanceofresearchdonebythelonescientistandthatdonebyteamscanbeseeninco-authorshipdata.Co-authorshiphasbeenincreasinginexorably.Recentlyithasexploded.

(50)AnissueofNaturetodayhasasimilarnumberofLetterstoonefrom60yearsago,butatleastfourtimesmoreauthors.Similarobservationshavebeendocumentedfromclinicalsciencetolaw.Intheearly1980s,paperswithmorethan100authorswererare.By1990,theannualtallywiththatnumberexceeded500—andithaskeptgrowing.Thefirstpaperwith1,000authorswaspublishedin2004;apaperwith3,000authorscamein2008.Bylastyear,atotalof120physicspapershadmorethan1,000authorsand44hadmorethan3,000.ManyofthesearefromcollaborationsattheLargeHadronCollideratCERN,Europe’sparticle-physicslabnearGeneva,Switzerland.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.美国和欧洲这些老牌的科研大国自1945年起一直主宰科学研究领域。但该大西洋轴心可能到2045年不复维持此中心地位，甚至可能早到2020年就会如此。

47.新的地区网络正加强新兴科学经济体国家的实力，并改变着全球科学研究活动的平衡。

48.从更广范围的公众视野来看，合作一般来说是件好事。知识可以通过合作得以更好地传播和融合，合作的论文也会被他人更多的引用。

49.这些共同合作者的出版信息极易获得，涵盖诸多国家和研究领域，而且近几十年来一直保持合理的一致性。

50.《自然》杂志收到的信件数量与60多年前相似，但作者数量至少是60年前的4倍。类似的情况在临床医学科学、法律等很多学科也可以发现。

16.翻译题

Duringourlivesallofusareexposedtothepossibilityofavarietyofriskeventssuchas:workaccidents,majorillness，death，etc.Ifourfinancesarevulnerabletotheconsequencesofariskevent,itwouldbewisetoprotectourselvesandourdependentsagainstthoseconsequences.Thiscanbedoneinanumberofways,fromtakingstepstoensurethatwearenotendangeredtopurchasinginsurancethatwouldcompensateforthefinancialconsequencesoftheriskeventoccurring.

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese

【答案】在我们的一生中，我们所有人都有可能面对各种不同的风险中，如：工伤事故、重病、死亡等等。如果我们的财产易受到风险事故后果的影响，所以保护我们自己和我们的家人免遭这些后果的伤害是明智的做法。这可以通过很多途径来实现，从采取措施确保我们不受危害到购买保险来弥补突发事故发生所带来的经济后果。

17.单选题

TheheadquartersofthisoilcompanyisinLondonwhileits（）companiesarelocatedindifferentpartsoftheworld.

问题1选项

A.subsidiary

B.ultimate

C.inferior

D.precedented

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项subsidiary“附属的；辅助的”；B选项ultimate“最终的；极限的；根本的”；C选项inferior“差的；自卑的；下等的”；D选项precedented“有先例的”。句意：这家石油公司的总部在伦敦，而它的附属公司却位于世界的不同地方。结合此处语境，A选项正确。

18.单选题

Beforetheplane（

）,thepilotbailedout.

问题1选项

A.clashed

B.crashed

C.smashed

D.struck

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项clash“冲突、撞击”；B选项crash“碰撞、坠毁”；C选项smash“粉碎、撞击”；D选项strike“罢工、撞击”，根据句中关键词“plane飞机”可联系crash“碰撞、坠毁”符合语境，句意为：飞机坠毁前，飞行员跳伞逃生。故正确答案选B。

19.单选题

His（）thighswerebarelystrongenoughtosupporttheweightofhisbody.

问题1选项

A.inanimate

B.rustic

C.malleable

D.shrunken

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。inanimate“死气沉沉的，无生气的，单调的”；rustic“乡村的”；malleable“有延展性的，可锻的，可塑的”；shrunken“缩小的”。句意：他那毫无生气的大腿还不足以强壮到支撑他的身体。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself[...].HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.Theycomplete,correct,andbalanceeachother.Thisconsideration,ifwell-founded,mustbetakenintoaccount,notonlyasregardstheattainmentoftruth,whichistheircommonend,butasregardstheinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.Ihavealreadysaidthattogiveundueprominencetooneistobeunjusttoanother;toneglectorsupersedetheseistodivertthosefromtheirproperobjects.Itistounsettletheboundarylinesbetweenscienceandscience,todisturbtheiraction,todestroytheharmonywhichbindsthemtogether.Suchaproceedingwillhavecorrespondingeffectwhenintroducedintoaplaceofeducation.Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.

Letmemakeuseofanillustration.Inthecombinationofcolors,verydifferenteffectareproducedbyadifferenceintheirselectionandjuxtaposition;red,green,andwhitechangetheirshades,accordingtothecontrasttowhichtheyaresubmitted.And,inlikemanner,thedriftandmeaningofabranchofknowledgevarieswiththecompanyinwhichitisintroducedtothestudent.Ifhisreadingisconfinedsimplytoonesubject,howeversuchdivisionoflabormayfavortheadvancementofaparticularpursuit,apointintowhichIdonothereenter,certainlyithasatendencytocontracthismind.Ifitisincorporatedwithothers,itdependsonthoseothersastothekindofinfluencethatitexertsuponhim.ThustheClassics,whichinEnglisharethemeansofrefiningthetaste,haveinFrancesub-servedthespreadofrevolutionaryanddeisticaldoctrines.[...]Inalikemanner,Isuppose,ArcesilaswouldnothavehandledlogicasAristotle,norAristotlehavecriticizedpoetsasPlato;yetreasoningandpoetryaresubjecttoscientificroles.

ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.ThisIconceivetobetheadvantageofaseatofuniversallearning,consideredasaplaceofeducation.Anassemblageoflearnedmen,zealousfortheirownsciences,andrivalsofeachother,arebrought,byfamiliarintercourseandforthesakeofintellectualpeace,toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.Thusiscreatedapureandclearatmosphereofthought,whichthestudentalsobreathes,thoughinhisowncaseheonlypursuesafewsciencesoutofthemultitude.Heprofitsbyanintellectualtradition,whichisindependentofparticularteachers,whichguideshiminhischoiceofsubjects,anddulyinterpretsforhimthosewhichhechooses.

Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled“Liberal”.Ahabitofmindisformedwhichlaststhroughlife,ofwhichtheattributesare,freedom,equitableness,calmness,moderation,andwisdom;orwhatinaformerdiscourseIhaveventuredtocallaphilosophicalhabit.ThisthenIwouldassignasthespecialfruitoftheeducationfurnishedataUniversity,ascontrastedwithotherplacesofteachingormodesofteaching.ThisisthemainpurposeofaUniversityinitstreatmentofitsstudents.

1.Themainideaofthefirstparagraphisthat（）.

2.BytheSciences(line2),theauthormeans（）.

3.Theword“exercise”inline7mostnearlymeans（）.

4.Byusingthewordsafeguardinline13,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

5.Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphisto（）.

6.Thewordapprehendsasusedinlines39means（）.

7.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sideaofaliberaleducation?

8.Theauthorbelievesthatauniversityshould（）.

Ⅰ.havefacultyrepresentingawiderangeofsubjectsandphilosophies

Ⅱ.teachstudentshowtoseetherelationshipsamongideas

Ⅲ.teachstudentstounderstandandrespectotherpointsofview

Ⅳ.teachstudentsliberalratherthanconservativeideals

问题1选项

A.eachscienceshouldbestudiedindependently

B.thesciencesareinterrelated

C.theboundarylinesbetweeneachofthesciencesshouldbeclearer

D.itisdifficulttoattainaproperbalanceamongthesciences

问题2选项

A.thephysicalsciencesonly

B.educationalmethodologies

C.thephysicalandsocialsciences

D.allbranchesofknowledge,includingthephysicalandsocialsciencesandthehumanities

问题3选项

A.remove

B.compete

C.impose

D.arrange

问题4选项

A.eachsciencehasitsownspecificsafetyguidelines

B.itisnotsafetostudythesciences

C.themoreoneknows,thesaferonewillfeel

D.oneshouldchooseasecondareaofspecializationasabackupincasethefirstdoesnotworkout

问题5选项

A.compareandcontrastdifferentbranchesofknowledge

B.developtheideapresentedinthepreviousparagraph

C.statethemainideaofthepassage

D.presentanalternativepointofview

问题6选项

A.understands

B.captures

C.fears

D.believes

问题7选项

A.In-depthspecializationinonearea.

B.Anemphasisontheartsratherthanthesciences.

C.Abroadscopeofknowledgeinseveraldisciplines.

D.Trainingforascientificcareer.

问题8选项

A.IandIIonly

B.I,II,andIII

C.IandIV

D.IVonly

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，“Ihavesaidthatallbranchesofknowledgeareconnectedtogether,becausethesubject-matterofknowledgeisintimatelyunitedinitself”，作者认为所有的知识分支都是相互联系的，因为知识的主题本身是紧密相连的。此句为第一段的中心句，可判断出第一段的中心思想为科学知识之间是相互联系的。选项B符合题意。

2.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，“HenceitisthattheSciences,intowhichourknowledgemaybesaidtobecast,havemultiplebearingsononeanother,andaninternalsympathy,andadmit,orratherdemand,comparisonandadjustment.”，我们的知识所涉及的各种科学，彼此之间有多重关系，有一种内在承认，要求，比较和调整关系。可判断出这里的sciences指各种科学知识分支，包括自然科学、人文科学和社会科学。选项D符合题意。

3.词义题。根据章第一段，“…theinfluencewhichtheyexerciseuponthosewhoseeducationconsistsinthestudyofthem.”，which引导的定语从句修饰先行词influence，构成搭配关系exerciseupontheinfluence“对……造成影响”。Remove“移除”；compete“竞争”；impose“强加”；arrange“安排”。选项C符合题意。

4.词义题。根据第一段最后一句，“Thereisnosciencebuttellsadifferenttale,whenviewedasaportionofawhole,fromwhatitislikelytosuggestwhentakenbyitself,withoutthesafeguard,asImaycallit,ofothers.”，当把每种科学看成整体的一部分时，在其他学科并未采取保护措施的情况下，每一门科学都是不同的。可判断出作者提到的safeguard意思是每种科学都有自己特定的保护措施。选项A符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Letmemakeuseofanillustration.”，可知第二段的目的是进行相关的例证，下文主要用大量的例子来证明了第一段的观点——科学的知识分支是相互联系的，但是各科学之间有各自的保护措施，使其内容存在差别。可判断出第二段的目的在于发展和继续探讨第一段提出的观点。选项B符合题意。

6.词义题。根据文章最后一段，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.”，apprehends后接的内容为知识的原则、范围、亮点、重点等，能与知识的这些方面构成一致意思的为apprehends“理解”。Understands“理解”；captures“捕捉”；fears“恐惧”；believes“相信”。相信A符合题意。

7.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段第一二句，“Heapprehendsthegreatoutlinesofknowledge,theprinciplesonwhichitrests,thescaleofitsparts,itslightsanditsshades,itsgreatpointsanditslittle,asheotherwisecannotapprehendthem.Henceitisthathiseducationiscalled‘Liberal’.”，他的教育被称为“Liberal”，要理解知识的概要、基础原则、范围、亮点与不足、重点与次重点，否则就不能真正理解知识。可判断出他所谓的“liberaleducation”必须要对知识有深入的了解，也就是某一领域的专业理解。选项A符合题意。

8.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“ItisagreatpointthentoenlargetherangeofstudieswhichaUniversityprofesses,evenforthesakeofthestudents;and,thoughtheycannotpursueeverysubjectwhichisopentothem,theywillbethegainersbylivingamongthoseandunderthosewhorepresentthewholecircle.”，至于大学教育，要扩大学生学习和研究的范围，尽管学生们不能追求所有开放的主题，但是却能受到代表某个知识专业领域的人的影响，并且受益。可判断出作者认为大学应该拥有代表广泛学科和哲学领域的教职工。根据下文，“….toadjusttogethertheclaimsandrelationsoftheirrespectivesubjectsofinvestigation.Theylearntorespect,toconsultandtoaideachother.”，学生们能够调整他们各自的研究学科之间的关系，并且他们要学会尊重、协商和互相帮助。可判断出作者认为大学应该教学生们去正确看待各种思想之间的关系并且尊重其他人的观点和看法。所以I,II和III都是作者认为一所大学应该具备的要求。选项B符合题意。

21.单选题

Thegovernment'spoliciesinthepastfiveyearshaveshowna(n)（）inemphasizingthenecessityofimprovingthepeasants’livelihood.

问题1选项

A.behavior

B.agony

C.coherence

D.exaltation

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。behavior“行为；举止”；agony“苦恼”；coherence“一致；连贯性”；exaltation“欣喜；提拔”。根据时间状语inthepastfiveyears(在过去五年)可知政府对提高农民生活水平的持续关注，因此选项C符合题意。

22.翻译题

Populationgrowthoftenincreasespovertyandcausesmigrationinthesearchfornewfarmland.Inacountrywherearablelandisscarce,poorfarmersareoftenassociatedwithenvironmentaldegradation.Itisestimatedthatabout85percentoftheruralpoorresideindegradedareas.Continuedpopulationgrowthplacesfurtherpressureontheexistingcapacityoftheland,forcingfarmerstocultivatetheircropsinhigherandsteeperareas.Thechallengeistofindsustainableagriculturalproductionsystemsandnonagriculturalstrategiesthatwouldgenerategainfulemploymentandincomefortheruralpoor.

Itiswidelyrecognizedthatpovertyalleviationisimperativeifsustainabilityistobeachieved.Anumberofpoliciesandassociatedpublicexpenditureshavebeendirectedtowardspovertyalleviation,withvaryinglevelsofsuccess.Somepovertyalleviationpoliciesmayhaveanimpactontheenvironmentorcreateanincentivesystemthatworksagainsttheenvironment.Arecentstudyshowedthatgovernmentspendingonroadshashadthebiggestimpactonruralpovertyreduction,andthattheimpactofroadconstructionisalmosttwicethatofgovernmentspendingonagriculturalresearchanddevelopment,education,ruraldevelopmentandirrigationalsohavepositivebutlesserimpactonruralpovertyreduction.However,spendingonfertilizersandothersubsidieswasnottakenintoaccountinthestudy.Thatroadsareanimportantpartofinfrastructureandhavethegreatestimpactonpovertyreductionisnotcontestedhere.However,theenvironmentalimplicationsofexpandingroadnetworksshouldbenoted.Poverty-strickenpopulationsaresometimeslocatednearbiodiversity-richareasandtendtodependonthiscommonpoolofresourcesfortheirlivelihood.Lackofaccessisacommononcharacteristicofbothpovertyandbiodiversity.Asaccessimproves,thepovertysituationtendstolessenbecauseofbetteraccesstoeducation,healthservicesandincome-generatingopportunity.

【答案】【参考译文】人口增长通常会加重贫困，并导致以寻找新耕地为目的的人口迁移。在一个耕地缺乏的国家，贫困的农民经常被与环境恶化联系在一起。据估计大约百分之八十五的农村贫困人口居住在环境恶化的地区。持续的人口增长为现有的土地生产力带来进一步的压力，进而迫使农民在更高和更陡峭的地方种植粮食。创建可持续性的农业生产体系、制定可以为农村贫困人口创造有报酬的就业机会和收入的非农业策略成为了一种挑战。

人们普遍认识到，实现可持续发展需要有扶贫工作的支持。一些政策和相关的公共支出已经指向扶贫，且取得了不同程度的成功。其中部分扶贫政策可能会对环境构成影响，或者会形成一种对环境不利的激励制度。最近的调查显示，政府在道路建设上的支出对缓解农村贫困有着最大的影响，且道路建设所产生的影响几乎是政府在农业研发、教育和农村发展上的支出所带来的影响的两倍，另外，灌溉对减少农村贫困也有积极但却较少的影响。然而，该研究没有将有关肥料和其他补贴的支出考虑在内。毋庸置疑，道路是基础设施的一个重要部分且对减少贫困有最大的影响。但是，扩大道路网对环境影响也不容忽视。贫困人口有时处于靠近生物多样性丰富的地区且倾向于依靠这种共同的资源来生存。缺乏道路是贫困和生物多样性的常见特点。随着道路的改善，贫困情况就会得到缓解，因为有了更好的受教育的机会、更好的健康服务和创收机会。

23.单选题

Indeed,withcomputersasbasicasaMacintosh,producerscanwritescripts,budgetproductionsand（

）schedulesandlocationsallonthesamemachine.

问题1选项

A.keepupwith

B.keeptrackof

C.keepabreastwith

D.keepawayfrom

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。Keepupwith赶得上；和······保持联系；keeptrackof记录；与······保持联系；keepabreastwith保持与······并列；不落后于；跟上；keepawayfrom远离；回避。句意：确实，随着计算机如同麦金塔电脑（苹果公司的一种个人电脑）一样简单，生产者可以在同一台计算机上编写脚本、安排生产、记录进度表和生产地点。由writescripts,budgetproductions与schedulesandlocations可知B符合。

24.翻译题

Thequestionof“identity”isbeingvigorouslydebatedinsocialtheory.Inessence,theargumentisthattheoldidentitieswhichstabilizedthesocialworldforsolongareindecline,givingrisetonewidentitiesandfragmentingthemodemindividualasaunifiedsubject.(1)Thisso-called“crisisofidentity”isseenaspartofawiderprocessofchangewhichisdislocatingthecentralstructuresandprocessesofmodernsocietiesandunderminingtheframeworkswhichgaveindividualsstableanchorageinthesocialworld.

OuraimistoexploresomeofthesequestionsaboutculturalidentityinIate-modernityandtoassesswhethera“crisisofidentities”exists,whatitconsistsof,andinwhichdirectionsitismoving.Weshouldaddresssuchquestionsas:Whatdowemeanbya“crisisofidentity”？Whatrecentdevelopmentsinmodernsocietieshaveprecipitatedit?Whatformdoesittake?Whatareitspotentialconsequences?Definitely,weai.ewillingtodevelopourargumentwithrespecttothoseaspectsofourculturalidentitieswhicharisefromour“belonging”todistinctiveethnic,racial,linguistic，religiousand