考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Allthelivingorganisms,regardlessoftheiruniqueidentity,havecertainbiological,chemical,andphysicalcharacteristicsincommon.

问题1选项

A.asaresult

B.considering

C.whatever

D.onpurpose

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresult“结果”；B选项considering“考虑到……”；C选项whatever“无论什么，不管怎样”；D选项onpurpose“故意地”。句意：所有的生物体，不论其独特的特性如何，都有某些共同的生物、化学和物理特性。根据句意，可以看出C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thesewerestubbornmen,noteasily（

）tochangetheirmind.

问题1选项

A.tilted

B.converted

C.persuaded

D.suppressed

【答案】C

【解析】考察形容词和动词的过去分词辨析。Tiltled“倾斜的”；converted“修改的，改变的”；persuaded“说服，劝说”；suppressed“抑制的”。句意：他们很固执，不容易被说服改变注意。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

Peoplewholack（）corevaluesrelyonsuchexternalfactorsastheirlooksorstatusinordertofeelgoodaboutthemselves.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.horizontal

C.naval

D.pessimistic

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。genuine“真实的，真正的”；horizontal“水平的，地平线的”；naval“海军的，军舰的”；pessimistic“悲观的”。句意：缺乏（）核心价值观的人依赖一些外部因素，比如相貌或地位来使自己感觉良好。能修饰corevalues的只有A项。

4.单选题

ShoppingintheUnitedStatesisalwaysapleasantexperience.Therearedifferenttypesofshopsthatoperatetocatertoyourdifferentneeds.Tobuygroceries,youcangototheconveniencestore,thesupermarketorthemassmerchandiser(suchasWallMart).Tobuysomeclothesandbig-ticketitemsyoucangotothemallorfactoryoutlets.

Everygrocerystorehaspromotionsondifferentkindsofproductseveryweek.Usuallyyoucanfindastoreweeklynewspaperwithfeaturedpromotionsforthatparticularweek.Iamabargainhunter,forwardbuyingalotofdailyproductsifIfeelIneedtheminthefuture.Once,IsawafeaturedpromotiononPantene2in1shampooplusconditioner(护发素).AlthoughIdidnotneeditatthattime,Ifeltitwasagreatdeal.SoIdecidedtobuy2bottles.However,IcouldnotfindanysuchPanteneontheshelf.Iwenttoasalesclerkandaskedifhecouldfindanyforme.Hetoldmethatthestorewasoutofthestockanditwouldnothaveanyinuntilthenextweek.Theunfortunatethingwasthatbythenthepromotionwouldbeover.However,theclerktoldmethatIcouldgothecustomerservicecounterandIwouldbegivenaraincheck,whichwouldguaranteethepromotionpriceformeonthatparticularitem.

AshoppingmallintheStatesiscomposedofmanyindividualspecialtyshopsandnationwidechainstores,suchasSearsandJCPenny.Whatimpressesmemostwhenshoppingisitsreturnpolicy.Nomatterwhatyoubuy,shoes,pantsorbig-ticketitemssuchasJVandVCR,ifyoufindsomeproblemswiththemorsimplydonotlikethemanylonger,youcanreturnthemwithin30days.Youwon’tbechallengedatthecustomerservicecounteraslongasyouhaveyourreceipt.Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.That’swhyyoucanfindalonglineofpeoplewaitingtoreturntheirgoodsrightafterChristmas.

5.Whatdoestheword“big-ticket”(Para.1)mostprobablymean?

6.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor（）.

7.Accordingtotheauthor,thereturnpolicyofthemall（）.

8.TheauthorthinksmanypeoplereturntheirgoodsafterChristmasbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Alargeamountof.

B.Name-brand.

C.Highlyprice.

D.Hugespaceoccupied.

问题2选项

A.couldbuyPanteneinthefollowingweekatthepromotionprice

B.boughtwhathewantedwiththehelpofthesalesclerk

C.didn’tbuyPanteneshampooforhedidn’tneeditatthattime

D.wouldn’tbuyPantenethenextweekforthepromotionwouldbeover

问题3选项

A.isasgoodaspromotionsofgrocerystores

B.isimpressivebutnotpleasing

C.benefitsthecustomers

D.istakenadvantagebypoorpeople

问题4选项

A.therearesomeproblemswiththeirgoods

B.theydon’tlikethegoodsanylonger

C.theyarechallengedatthecustomerservicecounter

D.theyjustwanttousethemforaveryshorttime

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】5.词义推测题。根据原文Nomatterwhatyoubuy,shoes,pantsorbig-ticketitemssuchasJVandVCR,ifyoufindsomeproblemswiththemorsimplydonotlikethemanylonger,youcanreturnthemwithin30days.（不管你买什么，鞋子、裤子或者是像电视和录像机这样的……物品，如果你发现它们有问题，或只是不喜欢它们了，你都可以在30天内退掉它们。）big-ticket放在名词前由此可推测出它是一个形容词。前面讲的是小物件，后面指的是像电视机或者录像机价格比较贵的物品。因此C选项“价格很高的”正确，符合题意。A选项“大量的”；B选项“名牌的”；D选项“巨大占地方的”均不符题意，故选C。

6.推理判断题。定位在第二段最后一句However,theclerktoldmethatIcouldgothecustomerservicecounterandIwouldbegivenaraincheck,whichwouldguaranteethepromotionpriceformeonthatparticularitem.（不过，他告诉我，我可以到顾客服务台去拿一张推迟票，这张票确保我以后会以促销价买到那东西。）由此可知作者之后还是能够以促销价买到潘婷，因此A选项“可以在下周以促销价购买潘婷”正确，符合题意。B选项“在售货员的帮助下买了他想要的东西”，根据原文However,IcouldnotfindanysuchPanteneontheshelf.（然而，我在架子上找不到这样的潘婷。）和Hetoldmethatthestorewasoutofthestockanditwouldnothaveanyinuntilthenextweek.（他告诉我这家商店没有存货了，要到下周才能进货）可知，作者并没有立马获得，售货员的建议是拿一张推迟票，可以在下周买。表述有误，可排除。C选项“没有买潘婷洗发水，因为他当时不需要”，根据原文AlthoughIdidnotneeditatthattime,Ifeltitwasagreatdeal.SoIdecidedtobuy2bottles.（虽然我当时不需要它，但我觉得它真的很值。所以我决定买两瓶。），可知作者还是决定要买，表述有误，可排除。D选项“下周不会买潘婷，因为促销活动将要结束了”，干扰项，文章中只说作者有这个打算，但最后有没有买下来并未提及，可排除。故选A。

7.推理判断题。定位在第三段Whatimpressesmemostwhenshoppingisitsreturnpolicy.（退货政策让作者印象最深。）30天内可退货，而且Youwon’tbechallengedatthecustomerservicecounteraslongasyouhaveyourreceipt.（只要你有收据，顾客服务台就不会有人为难你。）由此可推理，退货政策是能够让顾客受益的。因此C选项“使顾客受益”正确，符合题意。A选项“和杂货店的促销活动一样好”与题意无关，可排除。B选项“令人印象深刻但不讨人喜欢”，作者对保护权益的退货政策是很满意的，只是后面说到了这个政策会被人钻空子。D选项“被穷人占了便宜”，定位到原文Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.（当然，有些人可能会利用这种退货政策，特别是当他们需要一些暂时使用的东西时。）并没有说明占便宜的一定是穷人，可排除。故选C。

8.推理判断题。定位在第三段Ofcoursetherearesomepeoplewhomighttakeadvantageofthisreturnpolicy,especiallywhentheyneedsomethingforamomentaryuse.That’swhyyoucanfindalonglineofpeoplewaitingtoreturntheirgoodsrightafterChristmas.（当然，有些人会利用这个退货政策占便宜，尤其当他们只是暂时需要某种东西的时候。这就是为什么在过完圣诞节之后，你会看到人们排着长队等着退货。）由此可知圣诞后很多人退货是因为他们只需要暂时使用，因此D选项“他们只想在很短的时间内使用它们”正确，符合题意。A选项“他们的货物有些问题”，B选项“他们不再喜欢这些商品了”，C选项“他们在客户服务柜台受到质询”，A，B，C选项均与题意不符，可排除，故选D。

5.单选题

Havingdecidedtorentaflatwe（）contactingalltheaccommodationagenciesinthecity.

问题1选项

A.setout

B.setto

C.setabout

D.setoff

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了同义词组的辨析。setout“动身；着手做某事”；setto“开始做某事”；setabout“开始做某事”；setoff“出发；动身”，setto后面应该接动词原形，此句中的动词是用的现在分词形式，所以可以排除选项B；选项D是“出发，动身去某地”的意思，不符合此处的语境；setout一般与不定式todo连用，所以可以排除选项A，故正确答案为选项C。

6.单选题

Aswelfarereformhas_______millionsofsinglemotherslikePatinointotheworkforcesince1996,questionsaboutitseffectsonfamilieshaveloomedlarge.

问题1选项

A.nudged

B.propelled

C.divested

D.bumped

【答案】B

【解析】nudge轻推,唠叨;propel推进,驱使;divest剥夺;bump碰撞。句意：自1996年以来,福利改革推动了数以百万计的像帕蒂诺这样的单身母亲加入到劳动力大军中,福利改革对家庭影响的问题日益突出。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

Onhowtheworldhaschangedoverthelast50years,notallofithasbeengood.Asyouarelookingfororganicfoodinformation,youhaveobviouslybecomeawarethatabetteralternativeexistsandyouaretakingacriticallookatthesourceandproductionpracticesofthecompaniesproducingtheworld’sfoodsupplies.

Thepurposeoforganicfoodinformationistogiveyouanunderstandingofwhatisgoingintoyourfood.Youwillseethattherearemanybenefitstoorganicfoodthatyoudidn’tknowbefore.Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticides（杀虫剂）tocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.Theseartificialfertilizersleavesomethingpoisonousinandonthefruitandvegetablesweconsumewhichinturnisabsorbedandstoredbyourbodies.

Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.Ifyouareeatingnon-organicproduceyouwillhavetoeatmorefruitinordertomakeupforthisdeficiency.Butthenthedangerouscyclecontinuessinceyouwillbeeatingmorechemicalsthatareworseforyourhealththantheyaregoodforyou.

Anotheraspectoforganicfoodinformationistheproductionofmeatandpoultry（家食）.Mostonlyconsiderproducewhenitcomestoorganicfoodinformationdisregardingtheantibioticsandhormonesthataregiventobothcattleandpoultrythatarebeingforcefed.Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.Thereisnowaythatananimalthatisn’tkeptinhealthyconditionscanproducehealthyfoodforhumanstoeat.

Youhavenothingtolosebytryingorganicproduct,notonlywillitbehealthyforyoubutyouwillalsobeabletoeatproduceandmeatthewaytheyaresupposedtobe.Youwilllikelybesoimpressedwiththetasteoforganicfruitthatyouwillneverreturntothemass-producedfruitagain.Whilecostandavailabilitycanbeabigissueforsome,youcandoabitofresearchonlineandfindalocalstorethatstocksorganicproduceforareasonableprice.

1.ItisstatedinParagraph1thatorganicfood（）.

2.Farmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticidesto（）.

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,organicfood（）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmeatandpoultry?

6.Inthelastparagraph,peopleareadvisedto（）.

7.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

8.Whatwillbeprobablyaddressedifthereisanotherparagraphafterthelast?

问题1选项

A.isconsideredasabetterchoice

B.ismostlysuppliedbyworld-famouscompanies

C.hasbecomepopularoverthelast50years

D.reflectsthechangeofproductionpractices

问题2选项

A.satisfypeople’scriticaldemand

B.developbetterfarmingtechnology

C.getahighercropyield

D.keeppeopleinbetterhealth

问题3选项

A.FruitsnowadaysdonotcontainVitaminC

B.FruitsnowadayscontainmoreVitaminCthanbefore

C.FruitsnowadayscontainlessVitaminCthanbefore

D.FruitsnowadayscontainVitaminCasmuchasbefore

问题4选项

A.hasgonedowninquality

B.hasmorenutrients

C.canreplacemass-producedfood

D.lacksVitaminC

问题5选项

A.Organicmeatandpoultryishardlyavailable

B.Agreatamountofmeatisconsumedeveryyear

C.Mercilesskillingoftheanimalslowerstheirquality

D.Theymaycontainantibioticsandgrowthhormones

问题6选项

A.eattraditionalproduceandmeat

B.returntomass-producedfruits

C.dothecostandavailabilityresearch

D.tryorganicproductforbetterhealthandtaste

问题7选项

A.thebenefitsoforganicfoodinformation

B.thechallengesfacingtheworldfoodindustry

C.changesinfoodproductionpractices

D.agrowingdemandhighqualityfood

问题8选项

A.Howfarmersuseartificialfertilizersandpesticides.

B.Howtofindorganicproduceinlocalstoresforareasonableprice.

C.Theproductionofmeatandpoultry.

D.Thefutureoforganicproduce.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:A

第8题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。第一段指出：你在寻找有机食品的信息时，你显然已经意识到存在更好的选择，并且在用批判地眼光看待食品公司的原产原料和生产实践，他们为世界提供着粮食供应。由此可知，A项“（有机食品）被认为是更好的选择”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Thebasisbehindknowingaboutorganicfoodinformationisthefactthatfarmersareresortingtousingartificialfertilizersandpesticidestocontroldiseaseandinsectattackinordertoproducemorecropstosatisfygrowingdemand.（了解有机食品信息背后的基础是这样一个事实：农民正在使用人工化肥和杀虫剂来控制病虫害，以便生产更多的作物，以满足日益增长的需求），因此C项“获得更高的作物产量”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：Eventhequalityoffoodhasgonedowninrecentyears.Today’sfruitshavenowhereneartheVitaminClevelstheydidatonetime.（近年来，食品的质量都下降了。现在水果的维生素C含量远不如以前）。因此C项“现在的水果所含的维他命C比以前少”正确。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第三段指出：However,withorganicfoodinformationyoulearnthatorganicfoodhasfiftypercentmorenutrients,mineralsandvitaminsthananyotherformofproducethathasbeengrownunderintensivefarming.（然而，通过了解有机食品的信息，你会发现有机食品的营养成分、矿物质和维生素比密集农业生产出来的农产品都要高50%），因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】判断推理题。第四段指出：Askyourselfwhathappenstoalltheseantibioticsandhormoneswhentheanimaliskilled,theremainingoftheseantibioticsandgrowthhormonesresideinthemeatwhicharethenconsumed,digestedandstoredinhumanbodies.（扪心自问，当动物被杀时，所有这些抗生素和激素都去哪儿了，这些残留的抗生素和生长激素保留在所食用的肉里，然后被消化和储存在人体内）。由此可知，D项“它们可能含有抗生素和生长激素”正确。

6.【试题解析】判断推理题。最后一段大意是：食用有机食品很有益处，只是价格和购买是个问题。但可以做一些调查以找到当地合适的地方购买。因此可看出，作者在最后一段建议人们尝试食用有机产品。故选D项“为健康和口感而尝试有机产品”。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章大意是：有机食品信息的目的是让人们知道食物中含有什么物质：有机食品不含化学肥料和杀虫剂，所含有的对人体有益成分较高。但近年来食品质量下降了。总之，有机食品健康口感好，只是价格和购买是个问题。但可以做一些调查以找到当地合适的地方购买。因此，A项“有机食品信息的好处”比较符合文章主旨。

8.【试题解析】判断推理题。最后一段最后一句提出人们可以做一些调查而选择从当地价格合理的商店购买。由此推测，如果后文还有一段，可能会继续阐述这个话题，故选B项“如何在当地商店找到价格合理的有机产品”。

8.单选题

Wearetoldthatthemassmediaarethegreatestorgansforenlightenmentthattheworldhasyetseen;thatinBritain,forinstance,severalmillionpeopleseeeachissueofthecurrentaffairsprogramme,Panorama.Itistruethatneverinhumanhistoryweresomanypeoplesooftenandsomuchexposedtosomanyintimationsaboutsocieties,formsoflife,attitudesotherthanthosewhichobtainintheirownlocalsocieties.Thiskindofexposuremaywellbeapointofdepartureforacquiringcertainimportantintellectualandimaginativequalities;widthofjudgment,asenseofthevarietyofpossibleattitudes.Yetinitselfsuchexposuredoesnotbringintellectualorimaginativedevelopment.Itisnonotethanthemassesofstonewhichliearoundinaquarryandwhichmay,conceivablygotothemakingofacathedral.Themassmediacannotbuildthecathedral,andtheirwayofshowingthestonesdoesnotalwayspromptotherstobuild.Forthestonesareresentedwithinaself-containedandself-sufficientworldinwhich,itisimplied,simplytolookatthem,toobserve—fleetingly—individuallyinterestingpointsofdifferencebetweenthem,issufficientinitself.

Lifeisindeedfullofproblemsonwhichwehaveto—orfeelweshouldtryto—makedecisions,ascitizensorasprivateindividuals.Butneithertherealdifficultyofthesedecisions,northeirtrueanddisturbingchallengetoeachindividual,canoftenbecommunicatedthroughthemassmedia.Thedisinclinationtosuggestrealchoice,individualdecision,whichistobefoundinthemassmediaisnotsimplytheproductofacommercialdesire,tokeepthecustomershappy.Itiswithinthegrainofmasscommunications.TheorgansoftheEstablishment,howeverwell-intentionedtheymaybeandWhatevertheirform(theState,theChurch,voluntarysocieties,politicalparties),haveavestedinterestinensuringthatthepublicboatisnotviolentlyrocked,andwillsoaffectthosewhoworkwithinthemassmediathatthenwillbeledinsensiblytowardsformsofproductionwhich,thoughtheygothroughthemotionsofdisputeandenquirydonotbreakthroughtheskintowheresuchenquiriesmightreallyhurt,Theywilltendtomove,whenexposingproblems,wellwithintheacceptedclicheassumptions.Ofdemocraticsocietyandwilltendneitherradicallytoquestiontheseclichesnortomakeadisturbingapplicationofthemtofeaturesofcontemporarylife.Theywillstressthe“stimulation”theprogrammersgive,butthissoonbecomesanagitationofproblemsforthesakeoftheinterestofthatagitationinitself;theywilltherefore,again,assistaformofacceptanceofthestatusquo.Thereareexceptionstothistendency,buttheyareuncharacteristic.

Theresultcanbeseeninahundredradioandtelevisionprogrammersasplainlyasinthenormaltreatmentofpublicissuesinthepopularpress.Differentlevelsofbackgroundinthereadersorviewersmaybeassumed,butwhatusuallytakesplaceisasubstitutefortheprocessofarrivingatjudgment.Programmerssuchasthisarenoteworthylessforthe'stimulation'theyofferthanforthefactthatthatstimulation(repeatedatregularintervals)maybecomeasubstitutefor,andsoahindranceto,judgmentscarefullyarrivedatandtestedinthemindandonthepulses.Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything.

1.TheauthorholdsthattheEstablishmentshouldtryto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whenmasscommunicationsdealwithintellectualmatters,theyshould（）.

3.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorusesthecomparisonwithbuildingacathedraljusttoshow（）.

4.Theword“fleetingly”inParagraph1means（）.

5.Inthepassagetheauthorcriticizesthemassmediafor（）.

问题1选项

A.doagoodservicetosociety

B.altertheformofpublicinstitutions

C.maintainitspositioninsociety

D.kindlestrongemotionsinthepublic

问题2选项

A.lookonthemasadomesticpastime

B.regardthemasmostpressingmatters

C.thinkofthemascontroversialmatters

D.considerthemtobeofonlydomesticinterest

问题3选项

A.sometimespayingcloseattentiontodetailsisextremelyimportant

B.greatworksofartusuallyneedgoodandsolidfoundations

C.theancientsocietyhaddifferentbeliefs

D.worthwhileresultsdonotdependonrawmaterialsonly

问题4选项

A.attentively

B.transiently

C.Sentimentally

D.strictly

问题5选项

A.theirwideningthegapbetweenreadersorviewers

B.theirfailingtoreachanydefiniteconclusionsoverwhattheyreport

C.theirsettingtoointellectualastandard

D.theircateringforasmallnumberofaudiences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:文章第二段提到无论这些组织的初衷有多么美好，也不管它们的形式是什么样的，比如国家、教会、社团、政党等等，都只会为了平衡各方的利益而屈从于现状，所以作者认为应该努力改变公共机构的形式，选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章第三段最后一句话Masscommunications,then,donotignoreintellectualmatters;theytendtocastratethem,toallowthemtositonthesideofthefireplace,sleekanduseless,afamilyplaything提到大众传媒让知识事宜失去本来的活力，让它们坐在壁炉旁，有序却无用，就像一场家庭游戏。由此可以看出，大众传媒在处理知识相关的事情时，把它看作一场娱乐。选项A符合题意。

第3题:从文章第一段最后三句提到通过练石场的大量石头，人们可以想象出这些石头极有可能被用来建教堂。大众传媒不能建大教堂，而且它们展示石头的方式并不能提示他人去建造。作者采用对比手法的目的只是为了说明要想得到某些有价值的结果并不能只是依靠原料本身，所以选项D符合题意。

第4题:attentively“聚精会神地”；transiently“短暂的”；sentimentally“多情地”；strictly“严格地”。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章第二段第二三句作者批判大众媒体不能对所报道的内容给出绝对真实的评论，所以选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Itisimperativethatstudents（）papersontime.

问题1选项

A.handin

B.wouldhandin

C.havetohandin

D.handedin

【答案】A

【解析】语法题——考查虚拟语气。在表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。imperative表示必须的，是一种要求，所以后面的从句要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形（should可省略）。句意：学生们必须按时交作业。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

问题1选项

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A选项before“在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系，句子一般用过去时，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解释之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B选项since“自……以来”，通常与现在完成时连用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后，我没再见过他。）；C选项that“那个”，做代词或引导从句，这里在名词后应该引导定语从句或者同位语从句，在此题中不适用，排除C选项。D选项until“直到……时候”，不符合句意，排除D选项。句意：我碰巧遇上阵雨了。只过了几分钟我就浑身湿透了。综上所述，A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

Thebankmanageraskedhisassistantifitwaspossibleforhimto（）theinvestmentplanwithinaweek.

问题1选项

A.workout

B.putout

C.makeout

D.setout

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。workout

解决,

算出，制定出；putout熄灭；makeout理解,

辨认出；setout出发,

开始。句意：银行经理问他的助理能否在一周内制定出投资计划。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

The

Chairmanwasevidently__________by

Jim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组题。A选项putdown镇压，记下；B选项putacross圆满完成，解释清楚，使被人理解；C选项putaway放好，抛弃；D选项putout扑灭；恼怒。根据句意可知，董事长明显被吉姆的话激怒了，瞪了他好一会。因此，D项是正确答案。

13.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.Eight-year-olds.

B.Twelve-year-olds.

C.Seventeen-year-olds.

D.Adults.

问题2选项

A.TheuseoffMRI.

B.Theuseofcomputertasks.

C.Thethree-waydivisionofthesubjects.

D.Theinstructionsgiventothesubjects.

问题3选项

A.12-year-oldsrespondstronglytonegativefeedback.

B.12-year-oldsfunctionthesameas8-year-olds.

C.8-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

D.12-year-oldsfunctionalmostthesameasadults.

问题4选项

A.Notbad.

B.Excellent.

C.Notsogood.

D.Gotitwrongthistime.30.

问题5选项

A.Scientists.

B.Thegeneralpublic.

C.Teachersatthekindergarten.

D.ChildrenwithAttentionDeficitDisorder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】Eight-year-oldchildrenhavearadicallydifferentlearningstrategyfromtwelve-year-oldsandadults.(29)Eight-year-oldslearnprimarilyfrompositivefeedback,whereasnegativefeedbackscarcelycausesanyalarmbellstoring.(26)Twelve-year-oldsarebetterabletoprocessnegativefeedback,anduseittolearnfromtheirmistakes.Adultsdothesame,butmoreefficiently.DrEvelineCroneandhercolleaguesfromtheLeidenBrainandCognitionLabusedfMRIresearchtocomparethebrainsofthreedifferentagegroups:childrenofeighttonineyears,childrenofeleventotwelveyears,andadultsagedbetween18and25years.(27)Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore;thecomparisonisgenerallymadebetweenchildrenandadults.Croneherselfwassurprisedattheoutcome:(28)“Wehadexpectedthatthebrainsofeight-year-oldswouldfunctioninexactlythesamewayasthebrainsoftwelve-year-olds,butmaybenotquitesowell.Childrenlearnthewholetime,sothisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren:howcanyoubestrelayinstructionstoeight-andtwelve-year-olds?”Theresearchersgavechildrenofbothagegroupsandadultsaged18to25acomputertaskwhiletheylayintheMRIscanner.Thetaskrequiredthemtodiscoverrules.Iftheydidthiscorrectly,atickappearedonthescreen,otherwiseacrossappeared.MRIscansshowedwhichpartsofthebrainwereactivated.ThesesurprisingresultssetCronethinking.“Youstarttothinklessintermsof‘good’and‘notsogood’.Childrenofeightmaywellbeabletolearnextremelydifferently,onlytheydoitinadifferentway.”

26.Accordingtothetalk,whichofthefollowinggroupscanbestlearnfromtheirmistakes?

【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(moreefficiently)。因此，本题选D。

27.WhatisnewaboutDr.Crone’sresearch?

【解析】短文中说：Thisthree-waydivisionhadneverbeenmadebefore，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。

28.WhathadDr.Croneandhercolleaguesexpected?

【解析】Crone博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(hadexpected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.

29.Whichofthefollowingfeedbackcanbeststimulatetheeightyear-oldstolearn?

【解析】从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。

30.Accordingtothetalk,whichgroupofpeoplewouldlearnandbenefitmost?

【解析】录音中提到，thisnewknowledgecanhavemajorconsequencesforpeoplewantingtoteachchildren(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。

14.单选题

Theoldcouplenowstill（）fortlieirbelovedson,30yearsafterhisdeath.

问题1选项

A.cherish

B.groan

C.dispense

D.mourn

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后，这对老夫妇现在仍然哀悼他。

考查动词辨析。cherish珍爱;groan呻吟，抱怨;dispense分配，免除，执行；mourn哀悼，忧伤，服丧。根据句意“在他们心爱的儿子过世三十年后”可知D符合句意。

15.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

问题2选项

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

问题3选项

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪，说话者说了些什么？录音前面部分提到：我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪，但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。也就是说“它们（负面情绪）在我们的生活中是必要的”，C选项符合录音原文表述。A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反，因此不正确。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么？录音在谈到负面情绪时提到，负面情绪会集中我们的意识，这样我们就可以处理问题，但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大。负面情绪一旦失去平衡，问题似乎变得太大而无法处理。因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符。A选项“即使不干重活，他们也筋疲力尽”；C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题