考研考博-英语-吉林水利电力职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林水利电力职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations.ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw.ButaccommodationispartofthejudicialsystemintheUnitedStatesandjudicialdecisionsmustbeassessedwiththisfactinmind.

Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.Certainlytherehavebeendecisionsthatcastdoubtonthevalidityofthisassertion.SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.However,thevalidityoftheassertioncanbeillustratedbyreferencetotwoimportantcontributionsthathaveresultedfromtheexerciseofjudicialpower.

First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.TheCourt’sattitudehasbeenconditionedbyrecognitionofthedistinctdisadvantagesNativeAmericansfacedwhendealingwithsettlersinthepast.TreatieswereinevitablywritteninEnglishforthebenefitoftheirauthors,whereastriballeaderswereaccustomedtomakingtreatieswithoutanywrittenaccount,onthestrengthofmutualpromisessealedbyreligiouscommitmentandindividualintegrity.Thewrittentreatieswereoftenbroken,andNativeAmericanswereconfrontedwithfraudandpoliticalandmilitaryaggression.TheCourtrecognizesthatpastunfairnesstoNativeAmericanscannotbesanctionedbytheforceoflaw.Therefore,ambiguitiesintreatiesaretobeinterpretedinfavoroftheNativeAmericanclaimants,treatiesaretobeinterpretedastheNativeAmericanswouldhaveunderstoodthem,and,underthereservedrightsdoctrine,treatiesreservetoNativeAmericansallrightsthathavenotbeenspecificallygrantedawayinothertreaties.

Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.Intheabsenceofafederalstatutedirectlyandclearlyallocatingafunctiontothestates,federaljudgesareinclinedtoreserveforthefederalgovernment—andthetribalgovernmentsunderitscharge—allthosepowersandrightstheycanbesaidtohavepossessedhistorically.

61.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonwhytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt“hasnotalwaysresolvedlegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericansinamannerthathaspleasedtheIndiannations”(lines1-2)isthat______.

62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’sresolutionoflegalissuesofconcerntoNativeAmericanscanbestbedescribedasoneof______.

63.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofthestates’powersandjurisdictionswithrespecttoNativeAmericanaffairswouldbe______.

64.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto______.

65.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievestheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt’streatmentofNativeAmericanstohavebeen______.

问题1选项

A.NativeAmericanshavebeenpreventedfrompresentingtheirconcernspersuasively

B.theCourthasfailedtorecognizethattheIndiannations’concernsaredifferentfromthoseofothergroupsorfromthoseofthefederalgovernment

C.theCourthasmadepoliticalcompromisesindecidingsomecases

D.theCourthasbeenreluctanttocurtailthepowersofthefederalgovernment

问题2选项

A.wholeheartedendorsement

B.restrainedappreciation

C.detachedobjectivity

D.cautiousopposition

问题3选项

A.possibleonlywiththeconsentoftheIndiannations

B.favorablyviewedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt

C.inthebestinterestsofbothstateandfederalgovernments

D.detrimentaltotheinterestsofNativeAmericans

问题4选项

A.contrastopposingviews

B.reevaluatetraditionalbeliefs

C.reconciledivergentopinions

D.provideevidencetosupportacontention

问题5选项

A.reasonablysupportiveinmostsituations

B.irreproachableonlegalgrounds

C.guidedbyenduringprinciplesoflaw

D.misguidedbutgenerallyharmless

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】61.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，美国最高法院‘并不总是以一种让印第安人满意的方式解决印第安人关心的法律问题’的一个原因是……”。第一段第二句提到ManyoftheCourt’sdecisionshavebeenproductsofpoliticalcompromisethatlookedmoretothetemperofthetimesthantoenduringprinciplesoflaw（最高法院的许多判决都是政治妥协的产物，这些妥协看起来更像是时代的缓和，而不是持久的法律原则），由此可知法院在案件的判决中做出了政治妥协，因此，C项“法院在判决一些案件时做出了政治妥协”符合题意；A项“美国原住民被阻止以有说服力的方式表达他们的担忧”，根据第二段第五行SomecriticspointtothepatronizingtoneofmanyCourtopinionsandtheapparentrejectionofNativeAmericanvaluesasimportantpointstoconsiderwhenreviewingacase.（一些批评人士指出，许多法院意见的庇护语气和对印第安人价值观的明显拒绝，是复审案件时需要考虑的重要因素）可知，法院是拒绝美国原住民的价值观，而不是阻止他们以有说服力的方式表达自己的担忧，因此该项不正确；B项“法院没有认识到印第安民族的关注点不同于其他群体或联邦政府的关注点”，文中没有提到印第安人的关注点是什么；D项“法院一直不愿意削减联邦政府的权力”原文也没有提到；故该题选C。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对美国最高法院解决印第安人关心的法律问题的态度可以很好地描述为……”。第二段第一句提到Despitethe“accommodating”natureofthejudicialsystem,itisworthnotingthatthepoweroftheSupremeCourthasbeenexercisedinamannerthathasusuallybeenbeneficialtoNativeAmericans,atleastonminorissues,andhasnotbeenwhollydetrimentalonthelarger,moreimportantissues.（尽管司法系统具有妥协性，值得注意的是美国本土居民在少部分事务上受惠于最高法院，而在重大问题方面，美国本土居民也并不因此受到损害），由此可知，作者对利弊都有表述，其态度是公正的，故C项“公平的客观”符合题意。A项“全心全意的支持”，第一段作者还提到了最高法院并不总是以一种让印第安人满意的方式解决印第安人关心的法律问题，所以全心全意的支持这种说法是错误的；B项“拘谨的感谢”，作者没有表达感谢，因此该项错误；D项“谨慎的反对”，作者表述了美国最高法院对印第安人关心的法律问题上有利有弊的解决方案，说作者是客观的态度更贴切题意；故该题选C。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以推断出作者相信各州在印第安人事务上的权力和管辖权的扩展将会是……”。文章最后一段提到Federaljudgesarenotinclinedtoviewfavorablyeffortstoextendstatespowersandjurisdictionsbecauseofthedirectthreatthatsuchexpansionposestotheexerciseoffederalpowers.（联邦法官不倾向于赞成扩大各州权力和司法管辖权，因为这种扩大会对联邦权力的行使构成直接威胁），由此可知国家权力的扩张以及司法触及美国本土居民事务，联邦政府将会面临危险；该司法系统是国家提供的保护，所以，对于扩展各州在印第安人事务上的权力和管辖权是会得到美国最高法院的支持的，A项“只有得到印第安民族的同意才可能”过于绝对；B项“受到美国最高法院的认可”符合题意；C项“为了州和联邦政府的最大利益”，文章已经提到了会给联邦权力的行使构成直接威胁，所以该项错误；D项“对美国原住民的利益有害”，最后一段第一句提到Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.（司法制度的第二个成就是保护部落事务不受陈腐势力的侵犯），由此可知对美国原住民并不是有害的，因此该项错误；故该题选B。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者最主要的目的是……”。最后两段句首作者用了first和second，可知作者是在举例论证，因此D项“提供证据支持论点”正确；A项“对比相反的观点”，文章最后两段的中心句是First,theCourthascreatedrulesofjudicialconstructionthatingeneral,favortherightsofNativeAmericanlitigants.（首先，最高法院制定了一般有利于美国原住民诉讼当事人权利的司法构建规则）和Asecondachievementofthejudicialsystemistheprotectionthathasbeenprovidedagainstencroachmentbythestalesintotribalaffairs.（司法制度的第二个成就是保护部落事务不受陈腐势力的侵犯），由此可知作者并没有对比相反的观点；B项“重新评估传统信仰”和C项“调和不同的意见”文中没有提到；故该题选D。

65.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以推断作者认为美国最高法院对印第安人的对待是……”。本文主要讲到美国最高法院对美国本土居民的法律问题的处理是政治妥协，而并非遵循着法律原则，但是这种处理也是合情合理的，因为它并没有造成极大的危害。故A项“在大多数情况下都给予相当的支持”比较符合句意；B项“在法律上无可指责”，文章都提到了有时候法院对印第安人关心的法律问题没有遵循法律原则，所以该项错误；C项“受持久的法律原则指导”，文中提到也会受到政治妥协，该项也不正确；D项“被误导但一般无害”，文中没有提到误导；故该题选A。

2.单选题

Shewasafraidthatunlessthetrainspeededupshewouldloseher（

）

toScotland.

问题1选项

A.ticket

B.place

C.seat

D.connection

【答案】D

【解析】loseone’sconnectionto...误了到...地方去的（汽车、火车、轮船的）联运。句意：她很担心，除非火车加快速度，否则她将错过去苏格兰的联运。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Sheresortedto（

）whenshehadnomoneytobuyfoodsforherchildren.

问题1选项

A.havestolen

B.steal

C.stole

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】句意:当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西吋，她就开始偷。

固定搭配。resortto依靠，求助于。其中to是介词，后接动词时需用-ing形式。

4.单选题

Mountainclimbing,likeothersports,requiresskill,stamina,teamwork,andtheknowledgeandexperiencetohandlespecializedequipment.

问题1选项

A.intelligence

B.guidance

C.endurance

D.caution

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。stamina表示“耐力，持久力，毅力”；A项intelligence“智力，情报工作，情报机关”，B项guidance“指导，引导，领导”，C项endurance“忍耐力，耐久性”，D项caution“小心，谨慎，警告”。句意：爬山和其他运动一样，需要技巧、耐力、团队合作以及处理专门设备的知识和经验。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。

5.单选题

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

问题1选项

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但直到25岁她才第一次获得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故选A。

6.单选题

Thefootballmatchwastelevised（

）fromtheGovernmentstadium.

问题1选项

A.alive

B.live

C.life

D.lively

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。alive“活着的，有活力的”；live“现场直播的”；life“生活，生命”；lively“活泼的，生动的”。句意：这场足球比赛正从政府体育场现场直播。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Theawfultruthabouttoxicwastedumpingintheirneighborhood（

）manycommunitymembers.

问题1选项

A.informed

B.appeased

C.provoked

D.deceived

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。inform“通知，告诉”；appease“安抚，缓和，对...让步”；provoke“激怒，使恼怒，煽动”；deceive“欺骗”；根据句意‘有关倾倒在小区的有毒废物的骇人真相（

）了很多社区成员。’确定C选项正确。

8.单选题

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing（）whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文语义。句意：一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时，被认为是。根据语境可知，这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销，符合语境，选项D正确。

9.单选题

（）Iknowthemoneyissafe,Ishallnotworryaboutit.

问题1选项

A.Eventhough

B.Unless

C.Aslongas

D.However

【答案】C

【解析】句意：只要我知道钱是安全的,我就不会担心。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

问题1选项

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

问题2选项

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

问题3选项

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

问题4选项

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方拥有的是数百万人的基因资料，而不是生物特征资料，会有什么不同呢?）可以推测出DNA信息为基因资料，指纹信息为生物特征资料，选B选项“生物特征识别的；基因的”；A选项“基因的；生物特征识别的”，C选项“基因的；基因的”，D选项“生物特征识别的；生物特征识别的”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分论述了贯穿金观点的关于法医DNA分型的三个误解：首先，DNA分型只会引起罪犯的关注；第二，警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保护不被滥用；第三，从已知个体中收集更多的DNA样本将破获很多犯罪）可知A选项“普通人不会关心DNA分型”，C选项“警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D选项“如果从已知的个体中收集更多的DNA样本，很多犯罪将会被解决”和原文对应；B选项“从个人身上收集的DNA样本越多，侦破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一个关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明，而不是关于被捕者的法律地位）可知选A选项“是关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明”，同时可知B选项“关于被逮捕者的法律地位的声明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被简单地看作是萨姆森诉加州案的自然结果，在这个案件中，基于假释者作为有条件自由的主体地位的下降，在没有搜查令或怀疑的情况下对他们进行随机搜查是合理的）可知C选项“一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件”错误，萨姆森诉加州案才是一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在这段讲述中，金并不是一个对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的宣言）可知D选项“是对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的声明”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果决定最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护，那么似乎最高法院可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据。换句话说，最高法院可以说，“DNA检测是对身体完整性的严重而重大的侵犯。但是，当涉及到被捕者时，宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面。因此，《宪法》允许对被逮捕者进行DNA取样，尽管所涉入侵的情况很严重。”它本可以将这一观点作为只适用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的绝对例外加以隔离，并宣布守法公众的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知选B选项“宪法允许对被捕者进行DNA取样”，原文所说是宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面，C选项“宪法允许国家侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A选项“DNA测试是对身体完整性的严重而重要的侵犯”和D选项“法院本可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据”是在最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护的情况下成立，和题目相悖。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem;fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespectedbecausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.

Eitherapproachtojoining,alaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmerging,withouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecial-purposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane,thedriver（

）.

问题1选项

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

问题2选项

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

问题3选项

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

问题4选项

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

问题5选项

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard两种不同的类型正处于设计阶段。”可知A项“正在被计划中”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.一个特殊用途的车道系统需要对现有的高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大限度地提高高速公路的通行能力。”可知特殊用途的车道系统能给高速公路系统带来便利。故B项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.在这两种方案中，司机将指定想要到达的目的地，并在旅程开始时或在到达自动高速公路之前将这些信息提供给车内的计算机。”可知C项“司机开车前应将目的地告知汽车电脑”正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp（入口引道）.Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.如果有专用车道，汽车可以通过两种不同的方式进入这些车道并加入现有的车流。一种方法使用一个特殊的斜坡弯道(入口引道)。当司机接近高速公路的入口点时，安装在路边的电子设备将检查车辆，以确定其目的地，并确定其适当的自动化设备处于良好的工作状态。”可知B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.一旦车辆进入自动驾驶状态，驾驶员就可以自由地松开方向盘，打开晨报或者只是放松一下。”故D项正确。

12.单选题

Theorganizationhadbrokennorules,but（

）haditactedresponsibly.

问题1选项

A.neither

B.so

C.either

D.both

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词。本句式由连词but连接的并列句结构，前面是否定结构，后面应该与其一致，因此选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

问题1选项

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。

短语辨析。counton依靠,依赖;countin把..算在内;countup加起来;countout点数。故选A。

14.单选题

"Iamconvincedthatwewillnot_______amillimetrenormoveonesteptotheside,"saidGov.RubenCostastotensofthousandsofjubilantsupporterswavingthedepartment'sgreenandwhiteflags.

问题1选项

A.recast

B.rebuke

C.assert

D.retreat

【答案】D

【解析】recast重铸,彻底改动;rebuke指责,非难;assert断言,声称;retreat撤退。句意：“我相信,我们不会后退一毫米,也不会向旁边移动一步。”政府官员RubenCostas对挥舞着国务院绿白旗的数万名欢欣鼓舞的支持者说道。选项D符合句意。

15.单选题

Isthatlovelygirloverthere（

）SusanBlakewhousedtobesofat?

问题1选项

A.an

B.a

C.the

D.one

【答案】C

【解析】语法---冠词和代词的使用。句意：在那边的那位可爱的女孩是过去一直如此胖的苏珊•布莱克？由句中“whousedtobesofat过去一直如此胖”可知SusanBlake为特定的某人，所以用表示特指的定冠词the，C选项正确。不定冠词a与an及代词one—般用来表示非特别指代的一个。

16.单选题

“Youth”and“culture”havebeenarathermorefamiliarpairingwithinsociologythan“oldage”and“culture”.Youngpeople'sspendingonclothes,stereoequipmentandcosmeticsmeantthatthe"teenager"becameavitallyimportantconsumerofleisuregoodsandservices.Thesefeaturesofyoungpeoplesexperiences,alongwiththeirincreasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,inevitablycaughttheattentionofseveralinfluentialsociologistswhowentontodescribeandanalyzethephenomenonof“youthculture”.Inrecentdecades,thesituationhaschangedsomewhat.Withtheagingofthepopulation,itisolderpeoplewhorepresentanincasingproportionwithinthetotalpopulation,someofwhomenjoyrelativeaffluencewithhighlevelsofdisposableincome.Consequently,itisolderpeople,ratherthanyoungpeople,whoareincreasinglyregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.Severalsociologistshavebeguntoanalyzetheculturalimplicationsofpopulationaging.AndrewBlaikieinhisbookfirstaddressedthephenomenonof“grayculture”atlength.

BlaikiefocusesinparticularonthechangeinstylesofgrowingoldembodiedinnotionofthethirdAge.Thisisthestageofthelifecourseafterretirementfrompaidwork,whereactivity,leisureandpleasureareenjoyedbeforetheonsetofoldageproperbringssocialdependency,physicalinfirmitiesanddeath.Blailie'sbookisnotabouthowindividualswithanaccumulationofchronologicalyearsactuallyexperiencelaterlife,butisinsteadanexaminationofthechangingdiscoursesofgrowingoldastheseareexpressedinpopularculture.

Blailie'sanalysisissensitivetoissuesraisedbythereconstructionofoldageasa"leisureandpleasure"filledlifecoursestage,includingitsmeaningfulnesstothosewithoutthefinancialorotherresourcesnecessarytoenjoyit.Importantly,healsodiscusseswhattheculturalreconstructionofthepost-retirementphaseoflifecoursemeansforourunderstandingsandrepresentationsof"deepoldage"andbiologicalinevitabilityofdeath.

Forabooksoconcernedwiththeanalysesofvisualrepresentationsoflaterlife,therearefewactualillustrations.Thismustberegardedasaweakness.Moreoftenthannot,thereaderiswhollyreliantonBlaikie'sowndescriptionofvisualsourcesandhisinterpretationofhowtheserepresentlaterlife.Thereproductionofagreaternumberofcartoonsorphotographswouldhavegreatlyimprovedthepersuasivenessofhisanalysis.Nevertheless,thisisatimelybookwhichmakesanimportantcontributiontotheliteratureontheculturalreconstructionoflaterlife.

1.Accordingtothefirstsentenceofthearticle,youcanconcludethat（）.

2.WhatarethemaincontentsofBlaikie'sbook?

3.Whatcausedtheappearanceofthe"grayculture"phenomenon?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheThirdAgeinparagraph2istrue?

5.Thesignificanceoftheculturalreconstructionofoldagemainlyliesin（）.

问题1选项

A.youtharemorefamiliarwithsociologythanelderly

B.theelderlyaremorefamiliarwithsociologythanyouth

C.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesofyouththanthoseoftheelderlywithinsociology

D.therearemoreresearchesonbehaviorsandlifestylesoftheelderlythanyouthwithinsociology

问题2选项

A.Theproblemsraisedbytheagingofpopulation.

B.Thechangeinstylesofgrowingold.

C.Theconsumingtendencyoftheolderpeople.

D.Theanalysisofvisualdescriptionoflaterlife.

问题3选项

A.Anincreasingproportionofolderpeoplewithinthetotalpopulation.

B.Olderpeopleareregardedasimportantconsumersofleisuregoodsandservices.

C.Somesociologistshavebeguntostudytheculturalimplicationsofanagingpopulation.

D.Alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.Theelderlycan'tworkinthisstage.

B.Theelderly'slivesarefullofpleasureduringthewholestage.

C