考研考博-英语-安徽交通职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽交通职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Patrickhasneverlearnedaforeignlanguage,______.

问题1选项

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto

B.neitherhethinkshehasto

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either

D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.nordoeshethinkhehasto他也不认为他有必要B.neitherhethinkshehasto他也不认为他有必要

C.hethinkshehasnotto,either他认为他也没必要D.hedoesn’tthinkhehasto他认为他没必要

【考查点】表否定的用法。

【解题思路】由never可知，空格前半句表示否定的含义，所以如果后半部分表示“……也一样”应该用nor（也不是……）；且nor也是否定词，放在句首要部分倒装，故把情态动词或者助动词提前，A项符合。

【干扰项排除】

B选项neither表示“两者中没有一个”，不符合句意，排除；

C选项either一般用于肯定句中；

D选项没有连接词and，不能与前面的主句构成一个句子。

【句意】帕特里克从来没有学过一门外语，他也不认为他必须学。

2.翻译题

1.Whenyouestablishasuccinct,easy-to-remembertheme,youletpeopleknowthatyouhaveawell-definedandthought-outpointofview.

2.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthe

factthatonecannotlearnculture-onehastoliveit.

3.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfromajob,orputtingitunderapileofthingI

havetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverythingelseandattacktheobjectionableitemfirst.

4.Butjustinthelastfewyearsithasbecomealmostunbelievablycomplex,filledwithstrangepartswhosefunctionsarebeyondtoday'simagining.

【答案】1.当你建立一个简洁、容易记住的主题时，你让人们知道你有一个明确的且深思熟虑的观点。

2.在处理文化环境中最复杂的问题来自这样一个事实即一个人不能学习那种文化却又不得不生活在那样的环境里。

3.我发现自己转身撂下一份工作，或放在一堆要做的事情之后，我把桌上的一切清理干净，然后着手攻克一个有异议的项目。

4.但就在最近几年，它变得几乎难以置信的复杂，充满了奇怪的部分，其功能也超出了今日的想象力。

3.单选题

Inthe19thcenturyitwascommontohearpeopleinEuropeandAmericasaythattheresourcesoftheseawereunlimited.Forexample,a（1）biologistwritinginthemid1800scommentedthatallofthegreatseafisheriesare（2）.Todaythere'sevidencethattheresourcesoftheseaareasseriouslythreatenedas（3）ofthelandandtheairandtheconcernofconservationistsnowincludesherringandcod（4）theAfricanelephant,theIndiantigerandtheAmericaneagle.（5）,thethreattofishismorealarminginsomewaysthanthethreattobirdsandlandanimalsbecausefishareamuch-neededfoodresource.Manypeoplethroughouttheworlddependonfishasanimportantpartoftheirdietsanda（6）inthefishsupplycouldhave（7）effects（8）hungerandpopulation.FishermenintheN.Atlanticaloneannually（9）20billionpoundsoffish（10）fooddemands.Butitisimportanttorecognizethatthesepracticescannotcontinuewithoutdepletingfishresourceswithinthenextfewyears.

问题1选项

A.noteworthy

B.noted

C.noticeable

D.notifying

问题2选项

A.inexhaustible

B.inexhausted

C.exhaustible

D.exhausted

问题3选项

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.those

问题4选项

A.butalso

B.and

C.aswellas

D.with

问题5选项

A.Furthermore

B.Nevertheless

C.More

D.However

问题6选项

A.increase

B.decline

C.decree

D.increment

问题7选项

A.expositive

B.expansive

C.extensive

D.excessive

问题8选项

A.to

B.on

C.for

D.in

问题9选项

A.harvest

B.buy

C.ask

D.raise

问题10选项

A.toinsure

B.tosatisfy

C.toignore

D.tocomplete

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:A

第10题:B

【解析】（1）形近词辨析。noteworthy显著的；noted著名的；noticeable显而易见的,明显的；notifying为名词,意为通知。根据原文可知,这里修饰人,只有选项B正确。

（2）inexhaustible无穷无尽的；inexhausted未用尽的；exhaustible用尽的；exhausted耗尽的。上文提到海洋的资源是无尽的,这里是举例说明,所以选项A符合原文。

（3）根据原文句意可知,此处缺少land的宾语。those指代上句提到的resources。这里是把海洋,陆地和空中的资源进行对比。所以选项D符合语境。

（4）herring,cod和后面的Africanelephant等属于并列关系,所以选项C符合句意。

（5）上一句提到了“threat”,这一句依然讲的是“threat”,所以这里是递进关系,选项A符合语境。

（6）根据定冠词a可首先排除选项A和D；根据句意可知是供应减少,所以选项B正确。

（7）extensiveeffects为常用的搭配,意为广泛的影响,所以选项C正确。

（8）对...产生影响用介词on,所以选项B正确。

（9）根据句意可知,这里指收获200亿磅的鱼,选项A符合句意。

（10）satisfydemands为常用搭配,意为“满足需求”。选项B正确。

4.单选题

Andyet,despitethesepowerful_______togrowth,therecessionprovedsurprisinglymild.

问题1选项

A.counterforce

B.stimulants

C.concomitants

D.manipulation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项counterforce“反作用力”；B选项stimulants“兴奋剂”；C选项concomitants“相伴的事物”；D选项manipulation“操纵；处理”。句意：然而，尽管这些强大的_______在增长，但经济衰退却出乎意料地轻微。根据语境，counterforce“反作用力”搭配growth“增长”比较合理，也符合题意反作用力和经济衰退轻微的反差。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

问题1选项

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的,贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意：只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。

6.填空题

Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstand

environments,harmfultoourselves.

A

B

C

D

【答案】Ahumans改为thatofhumans

【解析】【考查点】代词指代。

【解题思路】根据语境，A部分指的是机器智能和人工智能相当，theintelligenceofrobots和A部分意思对应，结构也应对应，用that指代theintelligence，因此A部分应为thatofhumans。

【句意】随着机器人的智能达到与人类相当的水平，以及它们的成本通过规模经济降低，我们可以利用它们来拓展我们的疆域，首先是在地球上，借用它们抵御对我们有害的环境的能力。

7.单选题

Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,（

）havebeenmentionedin

previouspages.

问题1选项

A.afewofit

B.afewofthat

C.afewofthem

D.afewofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句的用法。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是chemicalreactions,所以应该用which引导。选项D符合题意。

8.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的B.confident自信的，确定的

C.hostile敌对的，敌意的D.unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知，前后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。

9.单选题

Toconductsomeformsofsleepresearch,wehavetofindawaytotracksleepinessovertheday.Somepeoplemightbelievethatmeasuringsleepinessisafairlytrivialtask.Couldn'tyou,forinstance,simplycountthenumberoftimesapersonyawnsduringanygivenhourorso?

Inmostpeople'sminds,yawning—thatslow,exaggeratedmouthopeningwiththelong,deepinhalationofair,followedbyabrieferexhalation—isthemostobvioussignofsleepiness.Itisacommonbehaviorsharedbymanyanimals,includingourpetdogsandcatsbutalsocrocodiles,snakes,birds,andevensomefishes.Itiscertainlytruethatsleepypeopletendtoyawnmorethanwide-awakepeople.Itisalsotruethatpeoplewhosaytheyareboredbywhatishappeningatthemomentwilltendtoyawnmorefrequently.However,whetheryawningisasignthatyouaregettingreadyforsleeporthatyouaresuccessfullyfightingoffsleepisnotknown.Simplystretchingyourbody,asyoumightdoifyouhavebeensittinginthesamepositionforalongperiodoftime,willoftentriggerayawn.

Unfortunately,yawnsdon'tjustindicatesleepiness.Insomeanimals,yawningisasignofstress.Whenadogtrainerseesadogyawninginadogobedienceclass,itisusuallyasignthattheanimalisunderagooddealofpressure.Perhapsthehandlerispushingtoohardormovingtoofastforthedogtofeelincontrolofthesituation.Amomentortwoofplayandthenturningtoanotheractivityisusuallyenoughtobanishyawningforquiteawhile.

Yawningcanalsobeasignofstressinhumans.Once,whenobservingairbornetroopsabouttotaketheirfirstparachutejump,Inoticedthatseveralofthesoldiersweresittingintheplaneandyawning.Itwas10a.m.,justafteracoffeebreak,andIdoubtedthattheyweretired;Iknewforafactthattheywerefartoonervoustobebored.WhenIaskedaboutthis,theofficerinchargelaughedandsaiditwasreallyquiteacommonbehavior,especiallyonthefirstjump.

Thereisalsoasocialaspecttoyawning.Psychologistshaveplacedactorsincrowdedroomsandauditoriumsandhadthemdeliberatelyyawn.Withinmoments,thereisusuallyanincreaseinyawningbyeveryoneelseintheroom.Similarly,peoplewhowatchfilmsorvideosofothersyawningaremorelikelytoyawn.Evenjustreadingaboutyawningtendstostimulatepeopletoyawn.

Thetruthofthematteristhatwereallydon'tknowwhatpurposeyawningserves.Scientistsoriginallythoughtthatthepurposeofyawningwastoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthebloodortoreleasesomeaccumulatedcarbondioxide.Wenowknowthatthisisnottrue,sinceincreasingtheconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheairseemsnottomakepeoplemorelikelytoyawnbuttomakethembreathefastertotrytobringinmoreoxygen.Ontheotherhand,breathing100percentpureoxygendoesnotseemtoreducethelikelihoodofyawning.

Sinceyawningseemstobeassociatedwithalotmorethantheneedforsleep,weobviouslyhavetofindsomeothermeasureofsleepiness.Someresearchershavesimplytriedtoaskpeoplehowsleepytheyfeelatanytimeusingsomesortofself-ratingscale.Thereare,however,problemswithgettingpeopletomakethesetypesofjudgments.Sometimespeoplesimplylietotheresearcherswhenaskedabouthowsleepytheyare.Thisoccursbecauseinmanyareasofsocietyadmittingthatoneisfatiguedandsleepyisconsideredamarkofweaknessorlackofambitionanddrive.Inotherinstances,peoplemayadmittheyneedfourcupsofcoffeetomakeitthroughthemorning,butitmayneveroccurtothemthatthismightbeduetothefactthattheyaresosleepythattheyneedstimulationfromcaffeinetobeabletodotheirrequiredtasks.Forthesereasons,manyresearchershavedevelopedanalternatemethodtodeterminehowsleepyapersonis.Itisbaseduponasimpledefinitionofsleepneed:Thegreateryoursleepneed,orthesleepieryouare,thefasteryouwillfallasleepifgiventheopportunitytodoso.

1.ThequestioninLines3-4(Paragraph1)isbasedonwhichofthefollowingassumptions?

2.Theauthoruseswhichofthefollowinginthefourthparagraph?

3.Theauthormentionsthe"coffeebreak"toemphasizethata（）

4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdirectlydisprovewhat"scientistsoriginallythought"？

5.Thepassageasawholeisbestcharacterizedas（）

问题1选项

A.Directobservationistheonlyreliablemethodofconductingsleepresearch.

B.Peoplewillyawnmostfrequentlyinthemomentsbeforetheyfallasleep.

C.Thereisadirectcorrelationbetweenyawningandsleepiness.

D.Yawningisabehavioroverwhichindividualsexertlittleconsciouscontrol.

问题2选项

A.Understatement.

B.Anecdote.

C.Analogy.

D.Metaphor.

问题3选项

A.briefrespitewassorelyneeded

B.givenattitudewasinappropriate

C.specificresponsewasunderstandable

D.certainbehaviorwasunexpected

问题4选项

A.Carbondioxidedoesnotaffectpeople'sbreathingrates.

B.Yawningdoesnotreducetheneedforsleep,thoughitmaymakeapersonfeellesstired.

C.Becauseyawningbringsmoreairintothelungs,itcanincreasetherateatwhichoxygenisabsorbed.

D.Peopledonottendtoyawnmuchathighaltitudes,whereoxygenlevelsintheairarelow.

问题5选项

A.informative

B.confessional

C.philosophical

D.argumentative

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:文章首段的问题是很多人认为测量睡眠不难，难道数一数在测定时间内的哈欠数不可以吗？在第二段中提及打哈欠是失眠最明显的迹象。言外之意是在睡眠与哈欠之间有某种关系。选项C正确。

第2题:信息归纳题。understatement"陈述"；anecdote"奇闻轶事"；analogy"类比"；metaphor"暗喻"。第四段作者举了一个亲身经历的例子，关于士兵第一次跳伞都会打哈欠的事例，此例子应属于奇闻轶事。选项B正确。

第3题:信息推断题。根据关键词“coffeebreak”定位到第四段，作者认为士兵们刚过了coffeebreak，不应该感到困乏。所以打哈欠这个行为是出乎意料的。选项D正确。

第4题:信息推断题。根据第六段第二句的科学家最初认为打哈欠的目的是增加血液中的氧气含量或释放一些积聚的二氧化碳。根据第六段倒数第二句可知选项A表述错误；选项B与题干不符；选项C在文中没有提及；选项D在氧气浓度低的高地，人们并没有打更多哈欠的趋势。按照科学家的理论，在氧气浓度低的地方，为了增加血液中的氧气，人们要多打哈欠，而现在恰恰没有多打,因此证明科学家之前的想法是不正确的。所以本题选D。

第5题:观点态度题。informative"教育性的"；confessional"忏悔的"；philosophical"哲学的"；argumentative"争辩的"。本文主要针对别人的观点进行了反驳，看似是辩论，但文中的反驳都是为作者的叙述而服务的，并非针锋相对的辩论，所以总体看来还是一篇以普及教育为主的文章，所以选项A更为合适。

10.单选题

Allindividualsarerequiredto______tothelawsmadebytheirgovernments.

问题1选项

A.abide

B.conform

C.concede

D.observe

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abide“接受，遵照”，后面常接介词by；B选项conform“顺从，遵守，符合”；C选项concede“承认，允许”；D选项observe“观察”，observe表示“遵守”时，是及物动词，不与to搭配。根据thelaws可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：所有人都必须遵守本国政府制定的法律。

11.单选题

Manyscientistsremainskepticalaboutthevalueofthisresearchprogram.

问题1选项

A.conscious

B.doubtful

C.novelty

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项conscious“意识到的；故意的；神志清醒的”；B选项doubtful“可疑的；令人生疑的；疑心的；不能确定的”；C选项novelty“新奇；新奇的事物；新颖小巧而廉价的物品”；D选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。句意：许多科学家对这个研究项目的价值仍持怀疑态度。结合此处关键词skeptical“怀疑的”，得知B选项正确。

12.单选题

Insomeways,theUnitesStateshasmadespectacularprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18.000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871,orkillhalfatownof2,400people,astheydidthesamenightinPeshtigo,Wisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977,ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100Americansdiesinafire.

ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.

Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbestequipped.Theyhavetobe.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan’spopulation,and40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildren,whodieindisproportionatelylargenumbersinfiresbutwho,contrarytopopularmyth,startveryfewofthem.

Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;oftheestimated48firesinworldhistory,thatburnedmorethan10,000buildings,Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.

IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.

TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildingscodesnowrequirehomesprinklers.Newheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretipped.

1.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat（

）.

2.AlthoughthefiredeathratehasdeclinedtheUnitedStates

（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhataspectsoffiresafetyandpreventionshouldtheUnitedStateslearnfromJapan?

5.TonarrowthegapbetweenthefiredeathrateintheUnitedStatesandinothercountries,theauthorsuggests（

）.

问题1选项

A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnology

B.theydidn’tattachgreatimportancetopreventingfires

C.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfires

D.theydidn’tspendenoughmoneyonfirefacilities

问题2选项

A.stillhastheworstfiredeathrateintheworld.

B.isstillalerttothefireproblem

C.isstilltrainingalargenumberofsafetyexperts

D.isstillconfrontedwiththeseriousfireproblem

问题3选项

A.firesafetylessonsshouldbeaimedatAmericanadults

B.Americanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessons

C.JapanisbetterequippedwithfirefacilitiesthantheUnitesStales

D.America'slargepopulationaccountsforhighfirefrequency

问题4选项

A.Architectureandbuildingmaterials

B.Educationandtechnology

C.Lawsandattitude

D.Alloftheabove

问题5选项

A.developingnewtechnology

B.countingmoreonlawsandsocialpressure

C.placingafireextinguisherineveryfamily

D.reinforcingthesafenessofhouseholdappliances

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnology,buttheindifferenceofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.（安全专家说，问题既不是金钱，也不是技术，而是一个对火灾不够重视的国家的冷漠）和第三段中的Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.（它在预防火灾方面比在灭火中花费的要少得多）可知美国火灾多的原因是他们不够重视预防火灾，因此选B。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworld.（但即使如此成功，美国仍然是世界上火灾死亡率最高的国家之一）可知D选项“仍然面临着严重的火灾问题”符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的IntheUnitedStates,mosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschool.Butthelessonsareaimedatatoolimitedaudience;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.（在美国，大部分教育费用都花在小学上。但是，这些课程的目标受众太少，只有9%的火灾死亡是由玩火柴的儿童造成的）可知A选项“消防安全课程应针对美国成年人”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第四段中的Expertssaythefatalerrorisanattitudethatfiresarenotreallyanyone’sfault.Thatisnotsoinothercountries,wherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrime...Japanhashad27Penaltiesforcausingaseverefirebynegligencecanbeashighaslifeimprisonment.（专家说，致命的错误是一种态度，即火灾不是任何人的过错。在其他国家情况并非如此，在这些国家，公共教育和法律都将火灾视为个人过失或犯罪……日本已经有27项因过失引起严重火灾的处罚，最高可达无期徒刑）可知C选项“法律和态度”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。通读全文，可知作者对文章最后一段中的TheUnitesStatescontinuestorelymoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressure.（美国继续更多地依赖技术，而不是法律或社会压力）这种“不依靠法律或社会压力”的观点是不赞成，认为需要依靠法律和社会压力来减少美国火灾的发生，因此选B。

13.问答题

Ifambition(A)istobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,(B)controloverone’sdestiny—(C)mustbedeemedworthofthesacrifices(D)madeonambition’sbehalf.

【答案】C；改成mustbedeemedworthyof。worthyof…值得…的

14.写作题

WriteonANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout250wordsbasedonthefollowingpicture.Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayto：

1.describethepicture；

2.deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture；

3.suggestcounter-measures.

【答案】略

15.单选题

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

问题1选项

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法结构。句子中when引导条件状语从句，表示虚拟语气。根据从句中的谓语动词were可判断这是一个与过去事实相反的假设，那么空格处应该用过去将来完成时，故D项符合结构。句意：我敢说他不是你真正的朋友，因为一个真正的朋友会在你遇到困难时采取不同的行动。因此，该题选择D项正确。

16.单选题

Perhapsthemoststrikingqualityofsatiricliteratureisitsfreshness,itsoriginalityofperspective.Satirerarelyoffersoriginalideas.Instead,itpresentsthefamiliarinanewform.Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.Satirejarsusoutofcomplacenceintoapleasantlyshockedrealizationthatmanyofthevaluesweunquestioninglyacceptarefalse.DonQuixotemakeschivalryseemabsurd;BraveNewWorldridiculesthepretensionsofscience;AModestproposaldramatizedstarvationbyadvocatingcannibalism.Noneoftheseideasisoriginal.ChivalrywassuspectbeforeCervantes,humanistsobjectedtotheclaimsofpuresciencebeforeAldousHuxleyandpeoplewereawareoffaminebeforeSwift.Itwasnottheoriginalityoftheideasthatmadethesesatirespopular.Itwasthemannerofexpression,thesatiricmethodthatmadetheminterestingandentertaining.Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,scramblesfamiliarobjectsintoincongruouscombinationandspeaksinapersonalidiominsteadofabstractplatitude.

Satireexistsbecausethereisneedforit.Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.Satireservestoprodpeopleintoanawarenessoftruth,thoughrarelytoanyactiononbehalfoftruth.Satiretendstoremindpeoplethatmuchofwhattheysee,hear,andreadinpopularmediaissanctimonious,sentimental,andonlypartiallytrue.Liferesemblesinonlyaslightdegreethepopularimageofit.Soldiersrarelyholdtheidealsthatmoviesattributetothem,nordoordinarycitizensdevotetheirlivestounselfishserviceofhumanity.Intelligentpeopleknowthesethingsbuttendtoforgetthemwhentheydonothearthemexpressed.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefoundinsatireliterature?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thereisaneedforsatirebecausepeopleneedtobe（

）.

4.Asaresultofreadingsatiricliterature,readerwillbemostlikelyto（

）.

5.ThevariouspurposedofsatireincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT（

）.

问题1选项

A.Difficultiesofwritingsatiricliterature.

B.Populartopicsofsatire.

C.Newphilosophiesemergingfromsatiricliterature.

D.Reasonsforthepopularityofsatire.

问题2选项

A.Newlyemergingphilosophies.

B.Oddcombinationsofobjectsandideas.

C.Abstractdiscussionofmoralandethnics.

D.Wholesomecharacterswhoareunselfish.

问题3选项

A.informedaboutnewscientificdevelopments

B.exposedtooriginalphilosophieswhentheyareformulated

C.remindedthatpopularideasareofteninaccurate

D.toldhowtheycanbeofservicetotheircommunities

问题4选项

A.teachthemselvestowritefiction

B.acceptconventionalpointsofview

C.becomebetterinformedaboutcurrentaffairs

D.reexaminetheiropinionsandvalues

问题5选项

A.introducingreaderstounfamiliarsituations

B.brushingawayillusion

C.remindingreadersofthetruth

D.exposingfalsevalues

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段主要讲讽刺文学的特点，讽刺作品的一些特性。第二段第一句提到了讽刺作品存在是因为人们对它有需求。综合理解全文，文章主要是在分析讽刺作品流行，被人广泛地接受的原因。故正确答案选D。选项A、B文章没有提及，选项C意思与文章第一段第四句的描述相反。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第四句“Satiristsdonotoffertheworldnewphilosophies.讽刺作家没有为世界贡献新的哲学”排除A，文章第一段倒数第三句“Satiresarereadbecausetheyareaestheticallysatisfyingworksofart,notbecausetheyaremorallywholesomeorethicallyinstructive.人们读讽刺作品是因为在审美上它们是令人满意的文学作品，而不是因为道德的完美和伦理的说教”，由此可以排除C。选项D文章并未提及。故正确答案选B。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段第二句“Ithaslivedbecausereadersappreciatearefreshingstimulus,anirreverentreminderthattheylivedinaworldofplatitudinousthinking,cheapmoralizing,andfoolishphilosophy.它的存在是因为读者欣赏使人耳目一新的刺激，直接向人们指出我们生活在一个思想平凡、道德廉价和哲学愚蠢的世界里”，由此可判断，正确答案选C。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第一段倒数第二句“Theyarestimulatingandrefreshingbecausewithcommonsensebrisknesstheybrushawayillusionsandsecondhandopinions.Withspontaneousirreverence,satirerearrangesperspectives,...它们启发人生，使人耳目一新是因为它们用简明的常识洗刷去了幻觉和旧的常识。讽刺作品用自然的嘲讽态度重新设置了观点，……”，由此可知，阅读讽刺文学的读者，会重新看待旧的常识和事物，重新审视自身具有的观点。选项D符合题意。

5.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第一段第五句“Whattheydoistolookatfamiliarconditionsformaperspectivethatmakestheseconditionsseemfoolish,harmfuloraffected.他们所做的是采取这样一种立场看待熟悉的环境，使得它们看上去愚蠢、有害或者造作。”可知选项A并不是讽刺文学作品写作的目的。故正确答案选A。

17.单选题

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythatwomendon’tcopeaswell.It’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,”saysDr.Yehuda.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen’s,”sheobserves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner.”

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

1.Paragraph2statesthat（）.

2.Dr.Yehuda’sstudyfoundthatwomen（）.

3.Onedifferencebetweenthesexesisthatthestresswomenconfronttendstobe（）.

4.Whatisthemeaningof“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（Line6,Para.5）?

5.Thebesttitleforthistextwouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress

B.womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen

C.womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress

D.menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress

问题2选项

A.needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress

B.havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress

C.aremorecapableofavoidingstress

D.areexposedtomorestress

问题3选项

A.domesticandtemporary

B.irregularandviolent

C.durableandfrequent

D.trivialandrandom

问题4选项

A.Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

B.Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

C.Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

D.Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

问题5选项

A.StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

B.ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

C.StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

D.GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1