考研考博-英语-文山学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-文山学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Foruntoldcenturiesmandependedalmostentirelyonhishuntingabilitytoobtainfood.Fromsunrisetosundown,armedwithclubsandspears,andaidedbytrainedwilddogs,hesearchedforgame—hisforemostsourceoffoodwithhisprimitiveweapons,thelargestandswiftestanimalsofteneludedhim,andthehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.

Whilethemenwerehuntinggame,thewomenandchildrensearchedforediblevegetation.Fromnearbyplantsandtreestheygatheredberries,nuts,grain,androots.Thesemeagerstaplesstayedthepainofhungerwhenthehuntersreturnedemptyhanded.Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.Thusmanledanomadicexistence.Hecouldneversettleinoneplaceforlongbecausehisgrowingpopulationoutstrippedtheavailablesupplyoffoodinthearea.

Thenmanmadeoneofhisgreatestdiscoveries—agriculture.Thisrevelationofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimalswasoneofthemajorstepsincivilization.Agriculturedidnotbyitselfcreatecivilization,butwithoutitmancouldnothavesettledinoneplacelongenoughtobuildapermanenthome.Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.Atribeormanytribesoverawideareamighthavestayedinoneplacelongenoughtoseeatruebearfruitformorethanoneseason.Theymayalsohaveobservedthatyoungplantsgrewoutofgroundtoproducefoodastheymatured.

Or,asoneanthropologistsuggests,ahandfulofwildgroinmayhavethrownontotheground,andlatertheseedsgrewintonewplants.Regardlessoftheexactcircumstances,mandideventuallyrecognizethathecouldhaveadependablesourceoffoodifheplantedseedsandlaterharvestedhiscrop.

Aftermanlearnedthathecouldgrowfood,thenextstepwasmasteringcropcultivation.Theearlyfarmerrealizedthathecouldgrowmorefoodiftheseedswerecoveredwithbrokenground.Thisinsightledtothemakingofthefirstfarmequipment-sticksshapedintospadesandhoes.Fromexaminationoftheremainsoftheearliestknownfarmingtools,archaeologistshavedeterminedthatthisoccurredaboutseventhousandyearsago.TheseimplementswerefoundintheareaknownastheFertileCrescent,whichliesbetweentheeastcoastoftheMediterraneanSeaandPersianGulf.Evidencealsoindicatesthatthefarmersofthisarea—possiblythefirstintheworld—cultivatedlargewheatcrops.Totendthesecrops,thehoeandspadesweretransformedintoplows.

Aboutthesametimeasthegrowingofthefirstcrops,man,relyingontheexperiencehehadgainedintrainingwilddogstoaidinhunting,begandomesticatingotheranimals.Overtheyears,hedevelopedherdsofanimalsforfoodandtoaidinhiswork.

Withthecultivationofcropsandthedomestication,ofanimals,manhadafairlydependableandpermanentfoodsupply.Thisaccomplishmentallowedhimtimeforotherwork.Insteadofspendingmostofhiswakinghourshuntingforfood,hewasabletoestablishvillages,andhehadleisuretimetopondernewideasandkeeprecordsofeventsinhislife.Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization.

1.Theword"elude"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

2.Whatisthesignificanceofraisingplantsanddomesticatinganimals?

3.Fromthispassagewecanconcludethat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,withthediscoveryofagriculture（）.

5.Duringtheperiodinwhichmanwashuntingforanimalsforfood,mancouldneverliveinoneplacepermanentlybecause（）.

6.Withregardtowhenandhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm,thepassage（）.

7.Manstoppedhisanimal-likelivingafterhe（）..

问题1选项

A.abandon

B.desert

C.escape

D.mummify

问题2选项

A.Mendidn'thavetoleadanomadiclife.

B.Theydidn'thavetosearchforediblevegetation.

C.Thelargestandswiftestanimalscouldn'teludethemanymore.

D.Thisindicatesthatmenenteredthecivilizedsociety.

问题3选项

A.menmasteredcultivationmethodfromtheirexperiences

B.theylearnedhowtochaseanimalsfromwatchingthemrun

C.mensearchedforgamewithprimitiveweapons

D.sometimestheywereaidedbysometrainedwilddogs

问题4选项

A.menspentmostoftheirtimehuntingforfood

B.civilizationbegan

C.theearlyfarmermadethefirstfarmequipment

D.menbegandomesticatingotheranimals

问题5选项

A.helivedanomadiclife

B.thepopulationgrewsoquickly

C.thefoodsupplieswereexhausted

D.theanimalsoftenescapedhishunting

问题6选项

A.explainsindetails

B.providessomeguesses

C.doesn'tmentionitatall

D.offerssureanswersbyanthropologists

问题7选项

A.stoppedhuntinganimals

B.learnedtomaketoolsforhunting

C.traineddogstoaidinhunting

D.discoveredagriculture

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:D

【解析】1.根据下文“thehunterandhisfamilyfrequentlywentfordayswithoutmeat.”猎人和他的家人经常几天吃不到肉,说明这些动物都躲着猎人,所以“eluded”指的是躲避,逃避；选项C正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知,饲养植物和驯养动物的启示是人类文明的重要步骤之一,并没有说明人类进入了文明社会,所以选项D不正确；农业本身并没有创造文明,但是如果没有农业,人类不可能在一个地方定居足够长的时间来建立一个永久的家园。也就是说,有了农业,人不必再过游牧生活。选项A正确。

3.根据原文可知,选项B在文中没有提及；选项C和D是文中已知的信息；根据第五段的内容可知,人们从他们的经验中掌握了种植农作物的方法。所以选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项B符合原文。

5.根据第二段的倒数第三句“Whenthesuppliesofgameandplantsinanareawereexhausted,theentiretribewasforcedtomoveontoanewandhopefullybetterregion.”当某一地区的野味和植物供应被耗尽时,整个部落被迫迁移到一个新的、有希望成为更好的地区。选项C符合原文。

6.根据第三段“Anthropologistsareuncertainaboutwhenorhowmanfirstlearnedtofarm.Theysuggestitmayhaveresultedfromcasualobservation.”人类学家不确定人类何时或如何学会耕种。他们认为这可能是偶然观察的结果。由此可知,本文只是提供了一些猜测,所以选项B正确。

7.根据最后一段的最后一句“Withthediscoveryofagriculture,manceasedhisanimal-likeexistenceandbegantobuildthefoundationforcivilization”随着农业的发现,人类停止了动物般的存在,开始建立文明的基础。选项D符合原文。

2.单选题

Theproblemisthatthelossofconfidenceamongthesoldierscanbehighlycontagious.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.contemptible

C.contented

D.depressing

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。contagious在句中是“传染性的，会感染的”；A选项spreading“扩散的”；B选项contemptible“可鄙的”；C选项contented“满足的，心安的”；D选项depressing“沉闷的，阴沉的”。句意：问题是士兵们失去信心可能会传染。因此只有A项符合。

3.单选题

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice实行；takeintoaccount考虑；throwlighton照亮，阐明，使……显得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Inordertocontrolanddefeatthedreadfuldiseasesthat____humanity,concertedactivityisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.infect

B.eliminate

C.incredulous

D.plague

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.infect感染；传染B.eliminate消除；排除

C.incredulous怀疑的；不轻信的D.plague困扰；折磨

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】首先，空格处是从句谓语，应填入一个动词，其次，该词的宾语为人类，主语为致命的疾病，D选项plague“困扰；折磨”符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

A选项infect“感染，传染”，没有足够的信息表明疾病是传染病；

B选项eliminate“消除；排除”，疾病还不足以消灭人类；

C选项incredulous“怀疑的；不轻信的”，该词为形容词，非动词，不符合语境。

【句意】为了控制和战胜困扰人类的致命的疾病，协调一致的行动是必要的。

5.单选题

ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.FergusClydesdale,headofthedepartmentoffoodscienceandnutritionattheUniversityofMassachusetts-Amherst,saysbluntlythatifthedangersfrombacteriallycontaminatedchickenwereasgreatassomepeoplebelieve,“thestreetswouldbelitteredwithpeoplelyinghereandthere.”

Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.BruceAmes,chairmanofthebiochemistrydepartmentattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,pointsoutthatupto10%ofaplant’sweightismadeupofnaturalpesticides（杀虫剂）.Sayshe:“Sinceplantsdonothavejawsorteethtoprotectthemselves,theyemploychemicalwarfare.”Andmanynaturallyproducedchemicals,thoughoccurringintinyamounts,proveinlaboratoryteststobestrongcarcinogens—asubstancewhichcancausecancer.Mushrooms（磨菇）mightbebannediftheywerejudgedbythesamestandardsthatapplytofoodadditives（添加剂）.DeclaresChristinaStark,anutritionistatCornellUniversity:“We’vegotfatworsenaturalchemicalsinthefoodsupplythananythingman-made.”

Yettheissuesarenotthatsimple.WhileAmericanshavenoreasontobeterrifiedtositdownatthedinnertable,theyhaveeveryreasontodemandsignificantimprovementsinfoodandwatersafety.Theyunconsciouslyandunwillinglytakeintoomuchoftoomanydangerouschemicals.Iffoodalreadycontainsnaturalcarcinogens,itdoesnotmakemuchsensetoadddozensofnewman-madeones.Thoughmostpeoplewillwithstandthesmallamountsofcontaminantsgenerallyfoundinfoodandwater,atleastafewindividualswillprobablygetcanceronedaybecauseofwhattheyeatanddrink.

Tomakegoodfoodandwatersuppliesevenbetter,theGovernmentneedstotightenitsregulatorystandards,stiffenitsinspectionprogramandstrengthenitsenforcementpolicies.Thefoodindustryshouldmodifysomelong-acceptedpracticesorturntolesshazardousalternatives.Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.Theproblemsthatneedtobetackledexistallalongthefood-supplychain,fromfieldstoprocessingplantstokitchens.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheAmericans'viewoftheirfood?

2.Theauthorconsidersitimpossibletoobtainno-riskfoodbecause（）.

3.Bysaying"theyemploychemicalwarfare"（Line3,Para.2）,BruceAmesmeans（）.

4.Thereductionofthepossiblehazardsinfoodultimatelydependson（）.

5.Whatisthemessagetheauthorwantstoconveyinthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyoverstatethegovernment'sinterferencewiththefoodindustry.

B.Theyareoveroptimisticaboutthesafetyoftheirfood.

C.Theyoverestimatethehazardsoftheirfood.

D.Theyoverlooktherisksofthefoodtheyeat.

问题2选项

A.nofoodisfreefrompollutionintheenvironment

B.pesticidesarewidelyusedinagriculture

C.manyvegetablescontaindangerousnaturalchemicals

D.almostallfoodshaveadditives

问题3选项

A.plantsproducecertainchemicalstocombatpestsanddiseases

B.plantsabsorbusefulchemicalstopromotetheirgrowth

C.farmersuseman-madechemicalstodissolvethenaturalchemicalsinplants

D.farmersusechemicalstoprotectplantsagainstpestsanddiseases

问题4选项

A.thegovernment

B.theconsumer

C.theprocessor

D.thegrower

问题5选项

A.Eatinganddrinkinghavebecomemorehazardousthanbefore.

B.Immediatemeasuresmustbetakentoimprovefoodproductionandprocessing.

C.Healthfoodisnotadreaminmodernsociety.

D.Thereisreasonforcautionbutnocauseforalarmwithregardtofoodconsumption.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段的第一句“ManyAmericansharboragrosslydistortedandexaggeratedviewofmostoftheriskssurroundingfood.”许多美国人严重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害。选项C符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句“Thoughthepublicincreasinglydemandsno-riskfood,thereisnosuchthing.”可知选项A符合原文。

3.词义题。结合上下文可知，本句意为：因为植物没有下颚和牙齿来保护自己，所以它们会产生某种化学物质。选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Perhapsmostimportant,consumerswillhavetodoabetterjoboflearninghowtohandleandcookfoodproperly.”也许最重要的是，消费者将不得不更好地学习如何正确处理和烹饪食物。选项B正确。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容，首段提到美国人严重扭曲和夸大了食品的危害，尾段提到政府可以采取措施管控，但关键在于消费者。也就是说，对于食品消费，我们有理由谨慎，但没有理由惊慌。选项D符合原文。

6.单选题

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

问题1选项

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

问题2选项

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

问题3选项

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

问题4选项

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

问题5选项

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】16.推理判断题。根据第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老话所说，细节决定成败。或者，在爱沙尼亚建立国家基因数据库的新法律中，人们有理由担心魔鬼可能会参与该国《人类基因研究法》的实际运作。），第一句话的重点是细节，按照两句话的先后顺序，推理出作者想要表达基因数据库存在细节上的缺陷，B选项“虽然总体想法是好的，但基因数据库的工作细节是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“爱沙尼亚新的基因数据库有不道德的成分”，C选项“尽管他们做出了努力，新的法律可能不会防止基因数据的滥用”和D选项“收集基因数据本身就是错误的”不是这里表达的重点，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.事实细节题。根据第三段Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.（如果他们的身份被非法泄露，他们的样本材料也可能被销毁。），可知组织样本被销毁的条件是C选项“如果他们的身份被非法揭露”。A选项“随时”：根据第二段最后一句GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”（遗传和医疗数据成为并仍然是爱沙尼亚基因库的财产，但个人捐助者有权“在任何时候”要求“销毁可解码的数据”。），可知任何时候可以销毁的是可解码的数据，而非样本，故错误。B选项“如果他们的密码被破译”和D选项“得到他们的医生的批准”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

18.推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.（这个项目有望“让爱沙尼亚在地图上崭露头角”，并为这个刚刚独立、自然资源贫乏的国家带来经济上的巨大财富。），可知爱沙尼亚独立不久，需要国际社会的认可，这是一个国家在国际社会上基础的需求，D选项“为这个鲜为人知的国家带来全球认可”正确，A选项“为爱沙尼亚政府赢得国际声誉”是在被认可的基础上更进一步的需求，属于过度推断。B选项“确认爱沙尼亚在后苏联时代的独立”：爱沙尼亚已经独立了，不需要通过其他方式证明。C选项“在爱沙尼亚进行的遗传学研究获得了尊重”：不是表达的重点，不符合题意。因此D选项正确。

19.事实细节题。根据第六段第二句Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.（不管民调结果如何，爱沙尼亚语报纸上刊登了许多反对意见。），句子是转折关系，表明前面想要表达大多数人赞成，B选项“大多数爱沙尼亚人赞成”正确。A选项“公众投票很可能是堕落的”：根据第六段倒数第二句Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.（对堕落的指控是后苏联独立国家公共生活的一个事实。），这里指的是公共生活堕落的大背景，而非投票这件事，故错误。C选项“只有教育程度较低的公民反对新法律”：文中没有提到教育程度不同的人对此的看法，故错误。D选项“爱沙尼亚人在这个问题上有尖锐的分歧”：不是表达的重点，没有体现尖锐，故错误。因此B选项正确。

20.观点态度题。作者首先客观地讲述这项立法的细则，再分别表达支持者和反对者的观点，而没有直接表达自己对此的看法，所以B选项“谨慎”正确，A选项“矛盾”，C选项“赞同”和D选项“怀疑”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

ItissomildandmoistasIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHillthatIremember,oranticipate,oneofthosewarm（1）inthespring,whentheearthisjustlaidbare,thewindissouth,andthecladonialichensare

（2）

andlustywithmoisture,yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge,andthe

（3）

placesalsoaredrinkingitin.Youwander

（4）

inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs,sitonmoss-cladrocksandstumps,andhearthe

（5）

ofmigratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks,sitlongatatime,still,andhaveyourthoughts.Arainwhichisassereneasfair

（6）

,suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen.Youcouldhugtheclodsthat

（7）

you.Youfeelthefertilizinginfluenceoftheraininyourmid.Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife,—

（8）

thelichens.Youdiscoverevidencesofimmortalitynotknownto

（9）

.

Youceasetodie.Youdetectsomebudsandsproutsoflife.Every

（10）

intheoldrye-fieldisonvirginsoil.

Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore,thawingthe

（11）

frostintheground,detainingthemigratingbird,andturnyourbacktoit,fullofserene,contented

（12）

,soothedbythesteadydroppingonthewitheredleaves,moreathomeforbeingabroad,morecomfortableforbeingwet,sinkingateachstep（13）

intothethawingearth,gladly

（14）

thegrayrottingice.Thedullestsoundsseemsweetlymodulatedbytheair.Youleaveyourtracks

（15）

springrye,scaringthefox-coloredsparrowsalongthewoodsides.Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.You

（16）

alongthedistantwoodsides,fullofjoyandexpectation,seeing

（17）

beauty,hearingnothingbutmusic,asfreeasthe

（18）

sparrow,seeingfarahead,acourageous

（19）,agreatphilosopher,notindebtedtoanyacademyorcollegeforthis

（20）,butchieflytotheAprilrain,whichdescendonallalike.

问题1选项

A.showers

B.pitfalls

C.blizzards

D.rainstorms

问题2选项

A.swollen

B.springe

C.winded

D.swabbed

问题3选项

A.sunny

B.saggy

C.sandy

D.faddy

问题4选项

A.absolutely

B.indefinitely

C.consequently

D.magnificently

问题5选项

A.vibration

B.murmuring

C.uproar

D.lisping

问题6选项

A.sky

B.weather

C.moisture

D.climates

问题7选项

A.defile

B.deveined

C.doxastic

D.granulate

问题8选项

A.simulateto

B.disliketo

C.like

D.likewise

问题9选项

A.snobbism

B.steals

C.genius

D.divines

问题10选项

A.step

B.press

C.cornerstone

D.episode

问题11选项

A.restraining

B.upstanding

C.demanding

D.remaining

问题12选项

A.believe

B.thought

C.entrust

D.perception

问题13选项

A.deep

B.hovering

C.shadow

D.paraffined

问题14选项

A.disturbedin

B.breakingup

C.interruption

D.breakingthrough

问题15选项

A.perspective

B.inrespectsof

C.infieldsof

D.aspectsof

问题16选项

A.glide

B.slide

C.corroded

D.crush

问题17选项

A.nootherthan

B.nothingbut

C.thereafter

D.withstanding

问题18选项

A.coloroffox

B.foxcolor

C.colorlikefox

D.fox-colored

问题19选项

A.patriot

B.coregency

C.knight

D.armor

问题20选项

A.extravagation

B.expenditure

C.expectation

D.expansion

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:B

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:D

第12题:B

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:C

第20题:D

【解析】（1）考查名词辨析shower“阵雨”；pitfall“陷阱；诱惑”；blizzard“暴风雪”；rainstorm“暴风雨”。由空格后inthespring与sitlongatatime可知D项符合题意。答案D。

（2）考查形容词词义辨析。由空格后“yourfootsinkingintothemandpressingthewateroutasfromasponge”“你的脚陷进去，像海绵一样把水挤出来”可知本句指代“石蕊属地衣因水分而变得膨胀”，swollen“膨胀的”；springe“用圈套捕捉”；winded“喘气的；通风的”；swab“打扫，擦拭”；故A项正确。答案A。

（3）考查形容词词义辨析。由“…alsoaredrinkingitin”“也在吸水”可知C项sandyplaces符合题意。sunny“阳光充足的”；saggy“下垂的；松懈的”；sandy“沙地的，多沙子的”；faddy“流行的”。答案C。

（4）考查副词词义辨析。由“inabeadedcoat,wettotheskinofyourlegs穿着一件带水珠的外套，雨水渗透到自己双脚的皮肤”可知这里指代“（视觉）模糊地漫步”B项符合题意。absolutely“绝对地”；indefinitely“不确定地，模糊地”；consequently“因此”；magnificently“壮丽地，壮观地”。答案B。

（5）考查名词词义辨析。由空格后“migratingsparrowsflittingamidtheshruboaks”迁徙的麻雀在灌木橡树间飞来飞去和“haveyourthoughts”有了自己的想法，可知“口齿不清的发音”更符合语境。vibration“振动；murmuring“轻微连续的声音”；uproar“骚动；喧嚣”；lisping“口齿不清的发音，咬舌的”，答案D。

（6）考查名词词义辨析。由suggestingfairerweatherthanwaseverseen预示着比以往任何时候都要晴朗的天气可知空格处指代“天气”，答案B。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。由“Youcouldhugtheclods你可能拥抱土块”可知“弄脏”符合语境，defile“污损，染污”；devein“除去（虾）背部的黑色静脉，去肠”；doxastic“信念的”；granulate成粒状；使表面粗糙”。答案A。

（8）考查词组辨析。由“Thepartofyouthatiswettestisfullestoflife你最湿的部分最有生机”与“thelichens这些地衣（即吸水而膨胀的地衣）”可知“如同”符合语境，故C项正确。答案C。

（9）考查名词词义辨析。由“immortality”与“Youceasetodie”可推知“神学家”符合语境，snobbism“势利”；steal“偷窃；断球”；genius“天才;天赋”；divine“牧师；神学家”。答案D。

（10）考查名词词义辨析。由“asIsaunteralongbythewalleastoftheHill当我沿着小山东边的墙壁溜达时”可知“脚步”符合语境。step“步骤；步伐”；press“压；出版社”；cornerstone“基础；地基”；episode“插曲；一段情节”，答案A

（11）考查形容词词义辨析。由Andthentheraincomesthickerandfasterthanbefore“然后雨比以前下得更大更快”与thawing“融合”可知“剩下的”符合语境，restraining“抑制的”；upstanding“正直的；直立的”；demanding“苛求的；费力的”；remaining“剩下的”。答案D

（12）考查近义词辨析。由contented“满足的”可知thought“想法”符合语境，故B项正确。believe“相信；认为”；thought“思想；思考；关心”;entrust“v.委托；信托”；perception“知觉；感觉；看法”。答案B。

（13）考查形容词和动词词义辨析。由sinking与intothethawingearth进入融化的泥土中可知deep“深深地”符合语境。deep“深入地；深深地”；hover“徘徊；犹豫”；shadow“遮蔽；使朦胧”；paraffin“用石蜡处理”。答案A。

（14）考查词组辨析。disturbin“（在某方面）打扰”；breakup“打碎；结束；解散”；interruption“中断；干扰”；breakthrough“突破；冲破”。由第33题的分析“每一个脚步都深深地沉入到正融化的泥土中”与thegrayrottingice可知“突破”更符合语境，答案D

（15）考查词组辨析。由第一段末句中intheoldrye-field可知C项“infieldsof”正确。perspective“观点；远景”；inrespectsof“关于；涉及”；aspectsof“······的方面”。答案C。

（16）考查动词词义辨析。由alongthedistantwoodsides沿着远处的树林的边缘”可知“滑行”符合语境。glide“滑翔；消逝”；slide“滑动”；corrode“侵蚀；损害”；crush“压碎；弄皱”。答案A。

（17）考查词组辨析。nootherthan“只有；就是”；thereafter“其后；从那时以后”；withstanding“抵挡；禁得起；反抗”。由hearingnothingbutmusic可知B项“nothingbut只有”正确。答案B。

（18）考查形近词词义辨析。由“fox-coloredsparrows狐色雀鹀”可知D项正确。答案D。

（19）考查名词词义辨析。由Youcannotgohomeyet;youstayandsitintherain.和acourageous可知“骑士”符合语境，故C项正确。patriot“爱国者”；coregency“共同摄政”；knight“骑士，爵士”；armor“装甲”答案C。

（20）考查名词词义辨析。由文章主题“春天的一场暴风雨让作者经历了不同的视觉和心理感觉”可知D选项更符合语境，故D项正确。extravagation“游荡，漫游”；expenditure“支出；消费额”；expectation“期待；指望”；expansion“膨胀”。答案D。

8.单选题

Giventhelackoffitbetweengiftedstudentsandtheirschools,itisnotsurprisingthatsuchstudentsoftenhavelittlegoodtosayabouttheirschoolexperience.Inonestudyof400adultswhohadachieveddistinctioninallareasoflife,researchersfoundthatthree-fifthsoftheseindividualseitherdidbadlyinschoolorwereunhappyinschool.FewMacArthurPrizefellows,winnersoftheMacArthurAwardforcreativeaccomplishment,hadgoodthingstosayabouttheirpre-collegiateschoolingiftheyhadnotbeenplacedinadvancedprograms.Anecdotal(名人轶事)reportssupportthis.PabloPicasso,CharlesDarwin,MarkTwain,OliverGoldsmith,andWilliamButlerYeatsalldislikedschool.SodidWinstonChurchill,whoalmostfailedoutofHarrow,aneliteBritishschool.AboutOliverGoldsmith,oneofhisteachersremarked,“Neverwassodullaboy.”Oftenthesechildrenrealizethattheyknowmorethantheirteachers,andtheirteachersoftenfeelthatthesechildrenarearrogant,inattentive,orunmotivated.

Someofthesegiftedpeoplemayhavedonepoorlyinschoolbecausetheirgiftswerenotscholastic.MaybewecanaccountforPicassointhisway.Butmostfaredpoorlyinschoolnotbecausetheylackedabilitybutbecausetheyfoundschoolunchallengingandconsequentlylostinterest.Yeatsdescribedthelackoffitbetweenhismindandschool:“BecauseIhadfounditdifficulttoattendtoanythinglessinterestingthanmyownthoughts,Iwasdifficulttoteach.”Asnotedearlier,giftedchildrenofallkindstendtobestrong-willednonconformists.Nonconformityandstubbornness(andYeats’slevelofarroganceandself-absorption)arelikelytoleadtoConflictswithteachers.

Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutwhatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoftheirabilities,theyarefarmorelikelytomentiontheirfamiliesthantheirschoolsorteachers.Awritingprodigy(神童)studiedbyDavidFeldmanandLynnGoldsmithwastaughtfarmoreaboutwritingbyhisjournalistfatherthanhisEnglishteacher.High-IQchildren,inAustraliastudiedbyMiracaGrosshadmuchmorepositivefeelingsabouttheirfamiliesthantheirschools.AbouthalfofthemathematiciansstudiedbyBenjaminBloomhadlittlegoodtosayaboutschool.Theyalldidwellinschoolandtookhonorsclasseswhenavailable,andsomeskippedgrades.

1.Themainpointtheauthorismakingaboutschoolsis