考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥信息技术职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

He______asumofmoneyeverymonthtohelpthetwoorphans.

问题1选项

A.setalong

B.setsin

C.setsaside

D.setsup

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setalong非短语；B选项setsin“（不好的事物）到来”；C选项setsaside“省出，抽出；把……抛在脑后”；D选项setsup“设置；成立；创建”。句意：他每个月______一笔钱来帮助那两个孤儿。根据语境，这里指的是拿出钱来帮助孤儿，C选项setsaside“省出，抽出”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

问题1选项

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题干关键词partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此两个原因应该用并列连词and连接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引导第一个原因，后面可用becauseof与其并列。故选D项。句意：地心说在17世纪被抛弃，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因为其他天文学家的观测结果。

3.单选题

（）theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

问题1选项

A.Togive

B.Given

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven

【答案】B

【解析】句意:考虑到德国的经济能力的声明，如此衰弱的德国实际经济情况，确实有些令人惊讶。

语义分析。given在做介词时表示“考虑到，如果有”，后接名词或代词。这里可以把“giventheclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight”理解为“考虑到德国的经济能力的声明”。

4.单选题

Theminister（）allhisofficialspaythetax.

问题1选项

A.bids

B.blesses

C.barks

D.baffles

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项bid“吩咐，命令”，B项bless“保佑”，C项bark“吠叫，咆哮”，D项baffle“使困惑”。句意：部长要求他所有的官员都纳税。根据句意，该题选A正确。

5.单选题

Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds（

）hisargumentsinfavourofthenewtheory.

问题1选项

A.tobebasedon

B.tobaseon

C.whichtobaseon

D.onwhichtobase

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon“基于”，which指代先行词sufficientgrounds。baseon中的介词on前置，因此D选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Itismoreimportantto（）thewayforchildren’sdesiretoknowthantoputthemonadiet（）offactstheyarenotreadytoassimilate.

问题1选项

A.tackle

B.submit

C.shield

D.pave

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。tackle“应付，处理”；submit“使服从，主张”；shield“遮蔽，包庇”；pave“铺砌，铺路”。pavethewayfor…为…做好准备，为…铺平道路。句意：对于孩子们来说，更重要的为他们想要了解的东西铺平道路，而不是让他们去接受那些他们还没有准备好去吸收的事实。

7.单选题

Ourprogramisdifferent（）itstressesthetechnicalskillsthatbusinessandindustryseekastheyincorporatetheinternetintotheirenterprisesystems.

问题1选项

A.nowthat

B.inthat

C.incase

D.regardlessof

【答案】B

【解析】nowthat"既然";inthat"由于";incase"万一,假使";regardlessof"不管,不顾"。句意：我们的项目不同,它强调了商业和工业在将互联网融入企业系统时所寻求的技术技能。前后为因果关系。所以选项B正确。

8.单选题

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

问题2选项

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

问题3选项

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

问题4选项

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

问题5选项

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（没有一种简单或快速的方法可以清除这些气体并恢复到早期的气候模式）可知选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（为了立即稳定大气的成分，我们必须每年减少约40亿吨的碳排放。现在要做到这一点，就必须同时减少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多数工业化国家的领导人原则上同意恢复到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D选项“大多数国家承诺将其二氧化碳排放量削减到早先的水平”符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我们知道，植物和动物这些物种一起使地球作为一个适合所有人的栖息地发挥作用。我们还知道，人类活动正在减少地球上物种的数量，以及可供它们使用的土地和水资源）可知D选项“人类和其他物种的生存息息相关”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。文章主要讨论了全球变暖的问题以及需要采取的措施，因此B选项“防止全球变暖”符合题意。

9.单选题

Iyousomewherebefore,butyournamehasescapedme（）.

问题1选项

A.mustsee;foramoment

B.musthaveseen;foramoment

C.mustsee:forthemoment

D.musthaveseen;forthemoment

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我之前肯定看见过你，但是想不出你的名字。

语法题。考查情态动词和短语辨析。前半句表示对过去发生的事的肯定推断。因此,前面填“musthaveseen”表示“已经看见过”。foramoment表示“(延续了)一会儿”而forthemoment则表示“目前；暂时”。因此D符合句意。

10.单选题

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warranty“（商品）保用单”；B选项promise“诺言，许诺”；C选项certificate“证明书”；D选项receipt“收据，收条”。根据maintenance（维修）可知A选项符合逻辑。句意：记得为这些商品要一份质量保修单，否则他们不会提供任何维修服务。

11.写作题

WriteanotetoyourroommateFrank.Yournoteshouldcontainabout80Englishwords.RememberthatyouarewritingthisnotebeforeleavingforShanghaiforthreedays.Inyournote,youshouldaskFranktolookafteryourpetdogGoofywhileyouareaway.YournotetoFrankshouldincludethefollowinginformation.

(a)YouwillflytoShanghaiintheevening

(b)ApologizetoFrankthatyouhavetoleaveinahurry

(c)AskFranktolookafterGoofy

(d)TellFrankthatthedogfoodisleftinthestoreroom

(e)RemindFrankthatGoofydoesnotlikecoldmilk

(f)Goofylikestotakeawalkintheevening

(g)LetFrankknowthatyouaregratefultohimforlookingafterGoofy

WriteyournotetoFrankonANSWERSHEETII.

【答案】DearFrank,

I’mgoingtoShanghaithiseveningandIwillstaytherefor3days.IshouldapologizethatIhavetoleavesohastily.AndI’mveryembarrassedtoaskyoutohelpmelookaftermydogGoofy.Bytheway,ImustremindyouthatyoucaneasilyfindthedogfoodthatIhaveleftinthestoreroom.Oh,Goofydon’tlikecoldmilkverymuch,sopleasedon’tforgettoheatthemilkforhim.Besides,helikestakingawalkintheevening.Thankyouverymuchforhelpingme.

YoursSincerely,12.不定项选择题

ItwouldbereasonabletoassumethattheyearsfollowingtheCivilWarwereatimeofhealingandrebuilding.Andforthemostpart,thatiswhattheywere,albeitaverylongandpainfulone.WhilethehealingoftheriftbetweenNorthandSouthdidmakeprogress,allwasnotpeacefulandthedisharmonywasn’tconfinedtothepoliticalarena.Inliterarycirclestoo,theperiodwascharacterizedbyupheavalandturmoil.AliterarycivilwarofsortswasragingbetweenthecampsoftheRomanticsandRealists.Later,theNaturalistswouldjointhefrayaswell.Thiswasabattlewagedoverthewaysfictionalcharacterswerepresentedinrelationtotheirexternalworld.Thoughtheunrestmighthavebeenbetweenschoolsoffiction,ithadaveryrealbasis.Thebattlereflectedfar-reachingsocialchangethatwasplantingtheseedsofnewdiscord-aconflictthatwouldthreatentofragmentthecountry;thistimenotalonggeographicalborders,butalongclasslines.

Usingplotandcharacterdevelopment,awriterexpressedhisorherphilosophyabouthowmuchcontrolamanreallyhadoverhisowndestiny.RomanticwriterssuchasRalphWaldoEmersoncelebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.[A]OccupyingthemiddlegroundwereauthorslikeMarkTwain,WilliamDeanHowells,andHenryJames,allofwhomwereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.[B]DiametricallyopposedtotheRomanticauthorsweretheNaturalists—thelikesofStephenCraneandFrankNorris,wholineduponthesideofEmileZolaandtheDeterminismmovement.[C]Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.Itwastheirpositionthatthepathofone’slifewasdictatedwhollybyaconspiracybetweenhereditaryfactorsandtheexternalenvironment.[D]

Socio-economicchangeshadaprofoundanddecisiveinfluenceonthisdebate.TheIndustrialRevolutionthattookplaceattheendofthe19thcenturychangedtheUnitedStatesinfundamentalways.Inhugenumbers,peoplemigratedfromruralhomesseekingeconomicopportunitiesinurbanenvironments.Theplentifulsupplyoflabor,combinedwithnewmachineryandprocessesbeingdevelopedmadeconditionsripeforaneconomyfocusedonmanufacturing.Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.Atthesametime,immigrantsfromallovertheworldflowedacrossthebordersinpursuitofthesameopportunities.Insodoing,theyaddedtotheburgeoninglaborpool,drovedowncostsandhelpedtopushindustrializationforward.Uponarrivinginthecitiesandfindingwork,mostofthesemigrantsfoundthemselvesandtheirfamiliesatthemercyofunscrupulousbusinessmenwhoexploitedthemwithbrutalworkschedulesandcoercedanywhotriedtoresist,orinmanycases,anyonewhotriedtoescape.Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

Muchoftheliteraryproductoftheperiodhadadistinctlyregionalcharacter.Thistoocouldbetracedtoeconomicchanges.TheIndustrialRevolutioncalledforstandardization,themassproductionofgoods,andstreamlinedchannelsofdistribution.Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.Respondingtothesesentiments,Realistwriterssoughttocaptureandpreservethe“localcolor”beforeitwaslost.Theydrewuponthegrimrealitiesofeverydaylifeindepictingthebreakdownoftraditionalvaluesandthedeepeningplightofthenewurbanunderclass.ThisfocusontheordinarylivesofordinarypeoplewascharacteristicofAmericanRealism.Readerswereattractedtothestoriesbecausetheyweresomethingwithwhichtheycouldidentify.Americanlifewaschanging,thepacewasquickening,andreadersneededwriterswhodealtdirectlywiththeproblemstheywerefacing.InthegreatliterarystruggletheRomanticwritershadbeenrenderedirrelevant,vanquishedbychangingcircumstances.

6.Whichofthefollowingcouldbestserveasatitleforthepassage?

7.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

8.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressestheessentialmeaningoftheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?

9.Thephraseameansoflivelihoodinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

10.Inparagraph3,theauthormostlydoeswhichofthefollowing?

11.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatmotivatedRealistauthorstogivetheirworksaregionalflavor?

12.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

13.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.

Wherewouldthesentencebestfit(A,B,CorD)?

问题1选项

A.TheEffectsoftheCivilWaronAmericanLiterature.

B.The19thCenturyStrugglebetweentheRealismandRomanticism.

C.RealismandtheIndustrialRevolution.

D.HowRealismPromotedSocialChangein19thCenturyAmerica.

问题2选项

A.TheNaturalists,Realists,andRomanticistshadfundamentallydifferentviewsontherolesmenplayintheirownlives.

B.ThedifferencesbetweenRomanticism,Realism,andNaturalismweremoreinthemeansofexpressionthaninthephilosophiesespoused.

C.Therewereanumberofcrucialdifferencesbetweenthe3contendingschoolsofAmericanliteratureinthelate19thcentury.

D.Whilethereweresignificantdifferences,theNaturalistsandRealistssharedsomecharacteristicsoftheRomanticists.

问题3选项

A.Thepessimismwasfinallysweptawaybyeconomicandsocialreform,andthisallowedabalancetobeformedbetweentheRealistsandtheNaturalists.

B.TheresultingtriumphoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistscanbeattributedtothebroadsocio-economicchangesthattookplaceandthefeelingsofhopelessnesstheygaveriseto.

C.ThevictoryoftheRealistsandtheNaturalistsledtodramaticsocio-economicchangeandincreasingpessimism.

D.Attheendofallthesocialandeconomicchange,theRealistsandNaturalistshadfallenoutoffavorandintodeeppessimism.

问题4选项

A.awaytosupportone’sself

B.awayoflookingatlife

C.awayofchangingone’slife

D.aplacetolive

问题5选项

A.ShowswhysocialcircumstancesfavoredRealismandNaturalism.

B.DescribesthesocialbackgroundthatledtothedominanceofRealismandNaturalism.

C.ShowswhyRomanticliteraturehadoncebeensopopular.

D.ShowswhytheRealistandNaturalistwritershaddifficultyinbeingacceptedatfirst.

问题6选项

A.Thepersonalbackgroundsoftheauthors.

B.Adesiretoprotestthechangesgoingonaroundthem.

C.Concernforthepreservationoftradition.

D.Thelimitedmarketsinwhichtheirworksweredistributed.

问题7选项

A.RealismwasanextensionofNaturalism.

B.RomanticismexperiencedasuddenresurgenceimmediatelyfollowingtheCivilWar.

C.NaturalismandRealismbothretainedpopularityinthelate19thcentury.

D.ReaderstooktoRomanticliteratureasameansofescapingthehardrealitiesoftheirlives.

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

第7题:C

第8题:D

【解析】6.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讨论十九世纪现实主义和浪漫主义之间的争议，作者先从两者的定义开始说明，接着用同一时期的工业发展所导致的社会变迁作为类比，最后谈到因读者的情感需求造成现实主义的流行以及浪漫主义的衰微。因此B选项“19世纪现实主义和浪漫主义之间的斗争”最适合做文章标题。A选项“内战对美国文学的影响”，本文说的是工业革命的影响，所以A错误。C选项“现实主义和工业革命”只提到了现实主义一个方面，不能完整概括文章内容，所以C错误。D选项“现实主义如何促进了19世纪美国的社会变革”，由原文可知，是工业革命先导致社会变迁，然后才有了文学相应的变化，所以D错误。

7.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段Romanticwriters…celebratedwhattheysawastheabilityofthehumanwilltotriumphoveranyadversity.（浪漫主义作家歌颂了他们所认为的人类意志战胜任何逆境的能力。），…wereinfluencedbytheworksoftheearlyEuropeanRealists.Itwastheirbeliefthatpeoplehadonlyalimitedcapacitytodeterminethedirectiontheirlivestook;thathumanity’sfreedomofchoicewasconstrainedbythepowerofexternalforces.（他们都受到早期欧洲现实主义作品的影响。他们相信，人们在决定自己生活的方向方面能力有限；人类的选择自由受到外部力量的限制。），Naturalists…Theirwritingsgavevoicetotheviewthatindividualshavenochoicewhatsoeverinwhathappenstothem.（自然主义者的作品表达了个人在发生的事情中没有选择余地的观点。），说明浪漫主义者认为人类意志足以克服逆境，而现实主义者则认为人类选择的自由受限于外在的力量，但自然主义者的观点是个人是毫无选择的，三个学派的基本信念完全不同。因此A选项“自然主义者、现实主义者和浪漫主义者对人在自己的生活中所扮演的角色有着根本不同的看法”正确。B选项“浪漫主义、现实主义和自然主义之间的差异更多地体现在表达方式上，而不是所拥护的哲学”表述与原文相反，三个学派的哲学各不相同，所以B错误。C选项“19世纪末，美国文学的三个竞争流派之间存在着很多关键的差异”，由原文可知，事实上差异只有一点，即基本理念的不同，所以C错误。D选项“虽然有很大的区别，但自然主义者、现实主义者与浪漫主义者有一些共同的特点”，原文只说了他们的差异，没有说共同之处，所以D错误。

8.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句Intheend,itwasthesesweepingeconomicandsocialchangesandthepessimismtheyengenderedthatswungthebalanceofpowerinfavoroftheRealistsandtheNaturalists.（最终，正是这些全面的经济和社会变革以及由此产生的悲观主义，改变了权力的天平，使之有利于现实主义者和自然主义者。），说明横扫全国的社会和经济的变迁以及它们所造成的悲观心态使得平衡力量倒向支持现实主义和自然主义。因此B选项“由此产生的现实主义者和自然主义者的胜利可以归因于所发生的广泛的社会经济变化以及它们所引起的无望感”正确。A选项“悲观主义最终被经济和社会改革所扫除，这使得现实主义者和自然主义者之间形成了一种平衡”，原文说的是经济和社会改革产生了悲观主义，所以A错误。C选项“现实主义者和自然主义者的胜利导致了社会经济的巨大变化和日益严重的悲观情绪”，因果关系和原文相反，所以C错误。D选项“在所有的社会和经济变革结束时，现实主义者和自然主义者已经失宠，陷入深深的悲观主义”与原文意思不符，所以D错误。

9.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“ameansoflivelihood”可以定位到文章第三段第五句Forthefirsttime,therewasanalternativetoagricultureandcommerceasameansoflivelihood.（有史以来第一次，有了一种替代农业和商业的谋生手段。），此处的means是“方法”的意思，而livelihood是“生计”的意思，所以ameansoflivelihood的意思是“谋生的方法”。因此A选项“一种养活自己的方法”正确。B选项“一种看待生活的方法”，C选项“一种改变生活的方法”，D选项“一个居住的地方”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。

10.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段，作者在第三段先描述社会的变迁，最后说明巨大的社会和经济的变化使得平衡力量倒向支持现实主义和自然主义。因此B选项“描述了导致现实主义和自然主义占主导地位的社会背景”正确。A选项“说明为什么社会环境有利于现实主义和自然主义”，C选项“显示了为什么浪漫主义文学曾经如此受欢迎”，D选项“显示了为什么现实主义和自然主义作家一开始难以被接受”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。

11.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第四句Thelifestylechangesthisrationalizationofproductionentailedwereprofoundandpeoplebegantofearthatlocaltraditionswouldfallbythewaysidetrampledinrecklesspursuitofeconomicefficiency.（这种生产合理化所带来的生活方式的变化是深远的，人们开始担心，在不计后果地追求经济效率的过程中，当地的传统会被践踏。），说明工业革命带来的巨大变化让以往对生产制造的认知大大改变，生活方式也因此发生了剧烈的变化，人们开始担心传统价值会受到打击，所以现实主义者在作品里加入地域特色，表达对传统的关心。因此C选项“对保护传统的关注”正确。A选项“作者的个人背景”，B选项“对周围发生的变化提出抗议的愿望”，D选项“他们的作品发行的市场有限”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。

12.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。本文开头介绍了三种不同的文学流派，然后说明工业革命所带来的社会变迁以及普通人生活的困境。现实主义作者顺应了读者的需要，以一般市民的日常生活作为写作的焦点，读者找到了认同的对象。而在同一时代，浪漫主义的作家则被视为不切实际，因而被时代所淘汰。因此C选项“自然主义和现实主义在19世纪末都保持了流行”正确。A选项“现实主义是自然主义的延伸”，B选项“浪漫主义在内战后立即经历了一次突然的复苏”在文中没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“读者把浪漫主义文学作为逃避现实生活的一种手段”与原文的意思相反，所以D错误。

13.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Thiswasanaltogetherpessimisticviewthatleftmantotallyatthemercyofcircumstance.（这是一种完全悲观的观点，使人完全受环境的摆布。）是对自然主义者的观点再一次做出了总结，D处前文说的是自然主义者的观点，那么下文应该对其进行总结。因此该句放在D处最合适。

13.单选题

Thepatheticsightbroughtbittearstomyeyesagainandmademychestachewiththeweightofsuchsadness.

问题1选项

A.indifferent

B.pitiful

C.disgraceful

D.promising

【答案】B

【解析】上下文语义。A选项indifferent“冷漠的；不关心的”；B选项pitiful“可怜的”；C选项disgraceful“可耻的”；D选项promising“有前途的”。句意：这____的景象又一次让我的眼睛里充满了泪水，我的胸口因为这种悲伤的重量而感到疼痛。根据句意，这种景象让人流泪，让人悲伤而心痛，B选项pitiful“可怜的”最符合语境，原文pathetic“可怜的，悲哀的”。因此，本题最佳选项为B。

14.写作题

Inthepastfewyears,severalplagiarism（抄袭,剽窃）caseshavebeenexposedinChina.Someinvolveprofessorsandfamousscholarswhilesomeothersinvolvegraduatestudentswhoareworkingasresearchers.Pleasewriteacompositionofnolessthan200wordsonyourattitudetowardsplagiarism.Youmayalsoillustrateyouropiniononacademicintegrity（正直）andgivesuggestionsonhowtopreserveitintheacademicworld.

【答案】Plagiarism15.单选题

Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher（）attitudetowardcustomers.

问题1选项

A.straightforward

B.partial

C.favorable

D.hostile

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。straightforward坦率的，明确的；partial偏爱的；favorable喜爱的；hostile敌对的，不友善的。句意：因为女销售员对顾客的态度不友善，经理投去了责备的目光。选项D符合句意。

16.填空题

SometimesIwonderifit’s（

）ittoownacar.Nowadaysparkingissuchanightmare!

【答案】worth。

【解析】固定搭配。beworthit值得。

17.单选题

Especiallyserious,forthedistortiontheycauseintheimageofaltruism,（

）compensationsintheformofsocialadvantagesorofpersonalorgrouppower,particularlyacceptedincountrieslikeSpainorItaly.

问题1选项

A.hadbeen

B.were

C.is

D.are

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句。表语especiallyserious提前，主句的主语是compensations，为可数名词复数形式，由从句部分可知时态为一般现在时，因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

（

）formorethanfivetosevenminutes,thebrainwillbesubjectedtoirreversibledamage.

问题1选项

A.Oxygenoncedeprivedof

B.Oncedeprivedofoxygen

C.Deprivedofoxygenonce

D.Onceoxygendeprivedof

【答案】B

【解析】句意:一旦缺氧超过5到7分钟，大脑就会受到不可逆的损害。

语法题。考查动词过去分词。句子前半部分为Once引导的时间状语从句，Once需放在句首，故排除选项A和C;分句的逻辑主语应为thebrain,主语与从句动词构成被动关系,所以应该用deprivedofoxygen。故选B。

19.翻译题

Anyonecanmakethingsbiggerandmorecomplex,whatrequiresrealeffortandcourageistomoveintheoppositedirection—inotherwords,tomakethingsassimpleaspossible.

【答案】任何人都可以把事情做得更大、更复杂，但真正需要努力和勇气的是朝相反的方向走，换句话说，就是把事情做得尽可能简单。

20.单选题

Inmostcountries,themetricsystemhasbeen（）forallmeasurement.

问题1选项

A.admitted

B.adapted

C.applied

D.adopted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在大多数国家，所有的计量都采用公制。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe（）oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项observation“观察，监视”；B选项investigation“调查；研究”；C选项inspection“检查；视察”；D选项examination“检查；考试”。句意：在他们教师培训的第一年，学生们会经常去当地学校……课程。根据句中teachingtraining教师培训，学生身份会与认真观察这一名词更加相配，examination主要是为减少错误而进行检查。故选A。

22.单选题

Treesarearenewableresourcethatwhenmanagedproperlycan（

）ourneeds

indefinitely.

问题1选项

A.sustain

B.retain

C.maintain

D.obtain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain“维持”；retain“保持”；maintain“维持，维修”；obtain“获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。

23.单选题

Atfirst,theresultsoftheexperimentseemed（）butfinallyapatternemerged.

问题1选项

A.fine

B.grave

C.genuine

D.haphazard

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：起初，实验结果似乎是偶然的，但最终出现了一种模式。因此选D。

24.翻译题

B：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

(10*1=10)

Theworldsoaksincolor.Nottheprimarycolorsofspring,brittleordelicate,thereds,yellowsandbluesofaudaciousorself-effacingflowers.Autumntakesallthecolorsofspringandblendsandsoftensthemrichlytointenseshadesofpurple,crimson,bronze,amberandmahogany,displayedeithertapestry-wisesidebyside,ormergedinrichnewtones.Thetreesareresplendentincopperandgold,whilecorn-stackscrouchingabovethestubblegleamdeepyellowinsunlight.Greenoblongsdefinedbyhedgesfleckedwithscarletberriescontrastwithneatly-furrowedploughlands.Andmoorlandisspreadwitharoyalmassedembroideryofpurpleheatherbankedamongradiantgorse.

【答案】世界沉浸在色彩之中。不是春天的原色，脆弱或娇嫩，也不是大胆或谦逊的花朵的红、黄、蓝。秋天吸收了春天的所有颜色，并将它们丰富地融合和软化为紫色、深红色、青铜色、琥珀色和桃花心木等强烈的色调，或以挂毯的方式并排展示，或以丰富的新色调融合。树木被铜色和金色染得金碧辉煌，而蜷伏在茬子上的玉米堆在阳光下闪着深黄的光。红色浆果点缀的树篱勾勒出的绿色长方形与整齐犁沟的农田形成了鲜明的对比。高沼地上散布着紫色石南的皇家刺绣，镶嵌在闪闪发光的金雀花中。

25.单选题

Thereissupposedtobeasafety______whichmakesitimpossiblefortrainstocollide.

问题1选项

A.appliance

B.accessory

C.machine

D.mechanism

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项appliance“器具，器械”，B项accessory“配件，附件”，C项machine“机械，机器”，D项mechanism“机制，原理”。根据句子结构可知，空格处应该填入一个名词作which定语从句的先行词，在从句中充当主语，根据从句的内容“使火车不可能相撞”可推断，空格处填入mechanism“机制”符合语境。句意：应该有一种安全机制使火车不可能相撞。因此，该题选择D项正确。

26.单选题

Thevillagemovedfurtherandfurtherawayfromthecity；asaresult,linkswiththeoutsidecommunityhave（）.

问题1选项

A.withered

B.shortened

C.sheared

D.reduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。wither“枯萎凋谢（一般指植物）”；shorten“变短（一般指距离）”；reduce“减少”。本句意为“农村距离城市越来越远，因此，与外界的联系也会减少”，与外界联系减少用reduce。因此选D。

27.单选题

StandingontherimoftheGrandCanyon,gazingacrossthisgiantwoundintheEarth’ssurface,avisitormightassumethatthecanyonhadbeencausedbysomeancientconvulsion.Infacttheeventsthatproducedthecanyon,farfrombeingsuddenandcataclysmic,simplyadduptotheslowandorderlyprocessoferosion.

ManymillionsofyearsagotheColoradoPlateauintheGrandCanyonareacontained10,000morefeetofrockthanitdoestodayandwasrelativelylevel.Theadditionalmaterialconsistedofsome14-layeredformationsofrock.IntheGrandCanyonregiontheselayerswerelargelywornawayoverthecourseofmillionsofyears.

Approximately65millionyearsagotheplateau’sflatsurfaceintheGrandCanyonareabulgedupwardfrominternalpressure;geologistsrefertothisbulgingactionasupwarping;itwasfollowedbyageneralelevationofthewholeColoradoPlateau,aprocessthatisstillgoingon.Astheplateaugraduallyrose,shallowriversthatmeanderedacrossitbegantorunmoreswiftlyandcutmoredefinitecourses.Oneoftheseri