考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-合肥通用职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheDaodejingisalmostcertainlythemostadmiredancientChinesephilosophicaltextamongmodemWesterners.Sincethemid-19thcenturyithasbeentranslatedintoEnglishdozensoftimes.

问题1选项

A.almostcertainly

B.ancientChinesephilosophicaltext

C.Sincethemid-19thcentury

D.Englishdozensoftimes.

E.没有问题

【答案】E

【解析】没有错误。句意:《道德经》几乎可以肯定是现代西方人中最受敬仰的中国古代哲学文本。自19世纪中期以来，它被多次翻译成英文。

2.单选题

TheBuddhistreligiondevelopedfromtheteachingsofShakyamuniBuddha,wholivedfromabout563to483BCEinthepresent-dayregionsofNepalandcentralIndia.Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a“world-conqueringruler”—oraBuddha—a"fullyenlightenedbeing”.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain.Yettheprincewaseventuallyexposedtothesufferingofoldage,sickness,anddeath—theinevitablefateofallmortalbeings.Deeplytroubledbythehumancondition,Siddharthaatagetwenty-nineleftthepalace,hisfamily,andhisinheritancetoliveasanasceticinthewilderness.Aftersixyearsofmeditation,heattainedcompleteenlightenmentnearBodhGaya,India.

Followinghisenlightenment,theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.HereheexpoundedtheFourNobleTruths,whicharethefoundationofBuddhism:(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpathofrightview,rightresolve,rightspeech,rightaction,rightlivelihood,righteffort,rightmindfulness,andrightconcentration.AftertheBuddha’sdeathattheageofeighty,hismanydisciplesdevelopedhisteachingsandestablishedtheworld’soldestmonasticinstitutions.

ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirththatotherwiseholdsusinitsgrip,whetherwearebornintotheworldofthegods,humans,animals,torturedspirits,orhellbeings.

TheearlyformofBuddhismknownasTheravadaorHinayana,stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself.TheravadaBuddhismhascontinuedinsouthIndia,SriLanka,andSoutheastAsia.Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen).CompassionforallbeingsisthefoundationofMahayanaBuddhism,whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.MahayanaBuddhismrecognizesBuddhasotherthanShakyamunifromthepast,present,andfuture.OnesuchisMaitreya,thenextBuddhatoappearonEarth.AnotheristheAmitabhaBuddha,theBuddhaofInfiniteLightandInfiniteLife(thatis,incorporatingallspaceandtime),whodwellsinparadiseknownastheWesternPureLand.AmitabhaBuddhabecameparticularlypopularinEastAsia.MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas(thosewhoseessenceiswisdom),saintlybeingswhoareonthebrinkofachievingBuddhahoodbuthavevowedtohelpothersachieveBuddhahoodbeforecrossingoverthemselves.

Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes.InHinduism,adeitymaydwellinitsimage,butinBuddhismportrayalsofBuddhasandbodhisattvasarerecognizedaspurelysymbolic,andnospiritisbelievedtoresidewithin.

1.WhichtypeofBuddhismdevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattva,andhowarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations?

2.WhichkindofBuddhismemphasizespersonaldevelopmentforthepurposeofachievingnirvana,andwhatisnirvana?

3.WhydidSiddhartha’sfathershelterhimwhenhewasyoung?

4.WhattypeofBuddhismflourishedhalfamillenniumaftertheBuddha’sdeath,andmainlydevelopedfurthertotheeast;whatwasitsmaingoal?

5.WhatarethefourNobleTruthsandwheredidtheBuddhafirstexpoundthisdoctrine?

问题1选项

A.MahayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredressedlikeIndianprinces.

B.VajrayanaBuddhism,andtheyaredistinguishedbytheyellowhatsandsaffronrobestheywear.

C.ChanBuddhism,andtheycanbeidentifiedinartbytherobesthatcovertheirbodies.

D.TheravadaBuddhism,andtheyareidentifiedbytheprincelygarbofIndiathattheywear.

问题2选项

A.TheravadaBuddhism;theBuddhistequivalentoftheChristianheaven.

B.TheravadaBuddhism;thepersonalextinctionofthecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth.

C.HinayanaBuddhism;theextinctionofsamsara.

D.BothBandC.

问题3选项

A.Hewasafraidthathisson,whowouldonedaysucceedhimasking,mightgetsickanddieifhewereexposedtothedangersofeverydaylife.

B.Hewasworriedthathissonmightbecomegreatandchallengehisreign,andthatiswhyhetriedtodistracthimwithpleasure.

C.Helovedhissonverydeeplyanddidnotwantanypainorsicknesstoaffecthim;hewantedhimtoliveonlyintheperfect“world”thathecreatedforhim.

D.OraclesforetoldthatthebabySiddhartha,whenhegrewup,wouldeitherbeaworldconquerororafullyenlightenedbeing,buthisfatheronlywantedhimtobeanordinarykinglikehimself.

问题4选项

A.MahayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwasBuddhahoodforeverybeingthroughouttheuniverse.

B.ShakyamuniBuddism,anditsmaingoalwastoendsamsaraforeverybodhisattva.

C.ZenBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastobringthePureLandintothepresentworld.

D.VajrayanaBuddhism,anditsmaingoalwastosharetheBuddha’smessagethroughcreatingpurelysymbolicimagesoftheBuddhathroughpaintingsandsculptures.

问题5选项

A.Lifeissuffering;ignorantpeoplecausesuffering;ignorancecanbeovercome;onecanovercomeignorancebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingatBodhGayainIndia.

B.Lifeissuffering;sufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;ignorancecanbeovercomebycarefulstudy;hegavehisfirstteachingtothedeerthatgatheredaroundhimatBodhGayainIndia.

C.Lifeissuffering;thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachinginDeerParkatSamath.

D.Lifeissuffering;ignoranceisthecauseofsuffering;ignorancecanbeovercomebyfollowingtheeightfoldpath;hegavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.事实细节题。本题有两个问题。第一个是“哪一种佛教扩大了菩萨的范畴”，第四段最后一句说到“MahayanaBuddhismalsodevelopedthecategoryofbodhisattvas…”，由此可知，是大乘佛教“MahayanaBuddhism”扩大了菩萨的范畴；第二个问题，howarebodhisattvasdistinguishedfromBuddhasinartisticrepresentations“菩萨与佛在艺术表现上有何不同”，最后一段第一句正说到了两者在艺术方面的区别“Inart,bodhisattvasandBuddhasaremostclearlydistinguishedbytheirclothingandadornments:bodhisattvasweartheprincelygarbofIndia,whileBuddhaswearmonks’robes”，在艺术上，菩萨和佛最明显的区别是他们的服饰：菩萨穿的是印度的公主服，而佛穿的是僧袍。对比选项可知A选项正确。

第2题:2.事实细节题。本题同样有两个问题。第一个问题“哪种佛教强调个人发展以达到涅槃的目的”，第四段第一句说到“TheearlyformofBuddhism…stressesself-cultivationforthepurposeofattainingnirvana,whichistheextinctionofsamsaraforoneself”，佛教的早期形式（小乘佛教）强调自我修养，以达到涅槃的目的，即不再轮回，因此是小乘佛教强调个人发展达到涅槃；第二个问题“什么是涅槃”，因为涅槃是佛教强调的个人发展目的，因此涅槃与佛有关，第三段中说到“ABuddhaisnotagodbutratheronewhoseestheultimatenatureoftheworldandisthereforenolongersubjecttosamsara,thecycleofbirth,deathandrebirth…”，佛陀不是神，而是一个看到世界终极本质的人，因此不再受制于轮回，也就是生、死和重生的循环，由此可知，涅槃也就是不再受制于生、死和重生的循环。对比选项发现B选项符合题意。

第3题:3.事实细节题。题干中受到父亲庇护的Siddhartha出现在文章第一段“Athisbirth,itisbelieved,seersforetoldthattheinfantprince,namedSiddharthaGautama,wouldbecomeeitherachakravartin—a‘world-conqueringruler'—oraBuddha—a‘fullyenlightenedbeing’.Hopingforarulerlikehimself,Siddhartha’sfathertriedtosurroundhissonwithpleasureandshieldhimfrompain”，释迦牟尼在出生时，被预言他或将是征服世界的统治者，或将是一个完全开悟的人。他的父亲希望他成为像自己一样的统治者，想让他免受痛苦而努力保护他。对比选项可知D选项正确。

第4题:4.事实细节题。本题又是两个问题。第一个问题“什么样的佛教在佛陀死后500年才兴盛起来，而且主要在东方发展得更远”，第四段第三句说到“Within500yearsoftheBuddha’sdeath,anotherformofBuddhism,knownasMahayana,becamepopularmainlyinnorthernIndia;iteventuallyflourishedinChina(asChanandVajrayana),andinKorea,Japan(asZen)”，佛陀去世后500年内，另一种佛教形式大乘佛教主要在印度北部流行起来；它最终在中国（作为禅宗和藏传佛教）和韩国、日本（作为禅宗）兴盛起来。第二个问题“它的主要目的是什么”，第四段第四句说到“whosegoalisnotnirvanaforoneselfbutBuddhahood(Enlightenment)foreverybeingthroughouttheuniverse”，其目标不是为涅槃，而是为宇宙中的每一个众生成佛（开悟）。对比选项可知A选项正确。

第5题:5.事实细节题。第二段中说到“theBuddha(EnlightenmentOne)gavehisfirstteachingintheDeerParkatSamath”，佛陀在萨马斯的鹿园里进行了他的第一次教导，阐述了四圣谛的内容：(1)lifeissuffering;(2)thissufferinghasacause,whichisignorance;(3)thisignorancecanbeovercomeandextinguished;(4)thewaytoovercomethisignoranceisbyfollowingtheeightfoldpath…对比选项可知C选项正确。

3.单选题

Oneofthepeculiaritiesofthebazaaristhatpeopledealinginthesamekindofgoodscollectinthesamearea.

问题1选项

A.advantages

B.shortcomings

C.disparities

D.characteristics

【答案】D

【解析】peculiarities意为特征，特质。advantages优点，有利条件；shortcomings缺点，短处；disparities不一致；characteristics特性，特征。选项D与之意思相近。

4.单选题

Asamotivationalspeaker,CarolineMillerknowsafewthingsaboutusingmentalexercisestoachievegoals.Butlastyear,oneexerciseshewasaskedtotrytookherbysurprise.Everynight,shewastothinkofthreegoodthingsthathappenedthatdayandanalyzewhytheyoccurred.Thatwassupposedtoincreaseheroverallhappiness.“Ithoughtitwastoosimpletobeeffective”,saidMiller.“IwenttoHarvard.I’musedtothingsbeingcomplicated.”But,thequalityofherdreamsdidchangeandshedidfeelhappier.

Thatexerciseisoneofseveralthathaveshownpreliminarypromiseinrecentresearchintohowpeoplecanmakethemselveshappier—notjustforadayortwo,butlong-term.It’spartofalargerbodyofworkthatchallengesalong-standingskepticismaboutwhetherthat’sevenpossible.

Fordecades,awidelyacceptedviewhasbeenthatpeoplearesuckwithabasicsettingontheirhappinessthermostat.Itsaystheeffectsofgoodorbadlifeeventslikemarriage,araise,divorce,ordisabilitywillsimplyfadewithtime.Weadapttothemjustlikewestopnoticingbadodorfrombehindthelivingroomcouchafterawhile.

Butrecentlong-termstudieshaverevealedthatthehappinessthermostatismoremalleablethanthepopulartheorymaintained.“Set-pointisnotdestiny,”sayspsychologistEdDieneroftheUniversityofIllinois.

Thethink-of-three-good-thingsexercisethatMillerfoundsosimplisticatfirstisamongthosebeingtestedbyMartinSeligmanattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Peoplekeepdoingitontheirownbecauseit’simmediatelyrewarding.Itmakespeoplefocusmoreongoodthings,whichmightotherwisebeforgotten,becauseofdailydisappointments.

SonjaLyubomirsky,apsychologistattheUniversityofCalifornia,meanwhile,istestingsomeothersimplestrategies.“Thisisnotrocketscience,”shesaid.Forexample,participantswereaskedtoregularlypracticerandomactsofkindness,thingslikeholdingadooropenforastranger,for10weeks.Participantswhoperformedavarietyofacts,ratherthanrepeatingthesameones,showedanincreaseinhappinessevenamonthaftertheexperimentwasconcluded.Thosewhokeptondoingtheactsontheirowndidbetterthanthosewhodidn’t.

Butshealsosaidanylong-termeffectwillprobablydependonpeoplecontinuingtoworkatit.“Happinessistheprocessnottheplace.Somanyofusthinkthatwhenwegeteverythingjustright,wewillbehappy…Butoncewegeteverythinginplace,westillneednewgoalsandactivities.ThePrincesscouldnotjuststopwhenshegotthePrince.”

1.ForMiller,thethink-of-three-good-thingsexercise（）.

2.Accordingtothewidelyacceptedviewabouthappiness,（）.

3.ResultsfromseparatetestsbyMartinSeligmanandSonjaLyubomirskybothshowthat（）.

4.“ThePrincesscouldnotjuststopwhenshegotthePrince.”suggeststhat（）.

5.Thepassageismainlywrittento（）.

问题1选项

A.turnedouttobeadisaster

B.wasunexpectedlyeffective

C.producedamixedoutcome

D.wastoosimpletobeuseful

问题2选项

A.goodeventsmakeiteasierforpeopletoenjoyahappierlife

B.littlemaycomeoutofpeople’seffortstoahappierlife

C.itisnothingwrongforpeopletowishtohaveahappierlife

D.people’sadaptationskillsmaybethekeytoahappierlife

问题3选项

A.theeffectsofsomeeffectivestrategiesmaynotlast

B.itisnecessaryforpeopletotryalltheusefu1strategies

C.thesamestrategyhasdifferenteffectsondifferentpeople

D.simplestrategiescanactuallymakepeoplefeelhappier

问题4选项

A.changesinlifegoalsmaynotaffectthelong-termhappiness

B.cherishingwhatyouhaveisthewaytoalong-termhappiness

C.continuedeffortsareneededtoensurealong-termhappiness

D.itisimpossibleforpeopletoachievealong-termhappiness

问题5选项

A.helppeoplereconsiderthevalueofhappiness

B.comparethedifferentstrategiestohappiness

C.confirmthepopulartheoryofhappiness

D.introducethelateststudiesonhappiness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第四到八句Thatwassupposedtoincreaseheroverallhappiness.“Ithoughtitwastoosimpletobeeffective”,saidMiller…But,thequalityofherdreamsdidchangeandshedidfeelhappier.（这应该会增加她的整体幸福感。米勒说：“我认为这太简单了，根本不起作用……但是，她的梦的质量确实改变了，她感到更快乐了。），可知B选项“意想不到的好”正确，D选项“因为太简单，所以没效果”错误，A选项“是一场灾难”错误。D选项“喜忧参半的结果”：没有提到消极的影响。因此B选项正确。

2.语义推测题。根据第三段第二、三句theeffectsofgoodorbadlifeeventslikemarriage,araise,divorce,ordisabilitywillsimplyfadewithtime.Weadapttothemjustlikewestopnoticingbadodorfrombehindthelivingroomcouchafterawhile.（生活中好事或坏事的影响，如结婚、加薪、离婚或残疾，都会随着时间而逐渐消失。我们适应了它们，就像一段时间后我们不再注意客厅沙发的难闻气味一样。），可知这里说好事和坏事的影响都不会长久，故A选项“好的事件使人们更容易享受幸福的生活”错误；因为不长久，所以努力也可能没多大用，故B选项“人们为幸福生活所做的努力可能收效甚微”正确；不长久的原因是习惯了那种感觉，就像会习惯沙发的气味一样，原文的adopt倾向于习惯某件事，和D选项“人们的适应能力也许是幸福生活的关键”中的适应能力不同，故D选项错误。C选项“人们希望拥有更幸福的生活没有错”不是主要观点，没有讨论追求幸福是对是错的问题，故错误。因此B选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第一段Miller做的简单的测试感觉到更快乐，参考36题答案解析，以及第五段第一句Thethink-of-three-good-thingsexercisethatMillerfoundsosimplistic…testedbyMartinSeligman（MartinSeligman进行了测试，米勒一开始认为思考三件好事的策略过于简单。），以及根据第六段SonjaLyubomirsky…testingsomeothersimplestrategies.（SonjaLyubomirsky正在测试一些其他的简单策略）和showedanincreaseinhappinessevenamonthaftertheexperiment（即使在一个月之后，幸福感仍有所提高），可知两人都做的简单测试，并且让人感觉更幸福，并且持久，故D选项“简单的策略实际上可以让人们感觉更快乐”正确，A选项“有的有效策略的效果也许不能持久”错误。B选项“人们有必要尝试所有有用的策略”：根据第六段Participantswhoperformedavarietyofacts（参与者做不同动作），这不代表要尝试所有有用的策略。C选项“同样的策略对不同的人有不同的影响”：没有提到不同的影响，测试结果都是正向的。因此D选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第七段倒数第二句oncewegeteverythinginplace,westillneednewgoalsandactivities（一旦我们把每件事都做好了，我们仍然需要新的目标和活动），可知幸福需要持续拥有目标和实现目标，通过这样获得长期的幸福，故C选项“需要持续的努力来确保长期的幸福”正确，A选项“生活目标的改变可能不会影响长期的幸福”错误，D选项“人们不可能获得长期的幸福”错误。B选项“珍惜你所拥有的是长久幸福的途径”：珍惜在文中没有提到。因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。作者通过颠覆大多数人对快乐的理解，再引出自己对快乐的理解，想要人们重新思考幸福，故A选项“帮助人们重新思考幸福的价值”正确。B选项“比较不同的幸福策略”：文中通过例子可知幸福的策略很简单，没有强调各个方法的不同点。C选项“证实流行的幸福理论”：文中说的幸福策略恰恰跟很多人想的不一样，作者讲的策略并不流行。D选项“介绍关于幸福的最新研究”：文章没有提到这些信息是否是最近的。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge负责；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能为这个案件作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。选项A符合句意。

6.单选题

Ⅲ.(InternationalLaw)

ThePanelobservesthatArticle1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.”

ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard,butrathergrantsfreedomtodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementationoftheprovisionstowhichtheyarerequiredtogiveeffectunderthefirstsentence.ThePanelagreesthatdifferencesamongMembers’respectivelegalsystemsandpracticestendtobemoreimportantintheareaofenforcement.However,acoherentreadingofthethreesentencesofArticle1.1doesnotpermitdifferencesindomesticlegalsystemsandpracticestojustifyanyderogationfromthebasicobligationtogiveeffecttotheprovisionsonenforcement.

Therefore,thestandardofcompliancewithArticle61istheminimuminternationallyagreedstandardsetoutinthatArticle.TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliabilityandsanctionsforotherwrongfulactsinareasnotsubjecttointernationalobligationsundertheTRIPSAgreement,unlessitsostates.Forexample,thesecondsentencerefersto“crimesofacorrespondinggravity”,whichmightrefertodomesticpracticeinotherareas.However,thefirstsentenceofArticle61doesnotmakeanysuchreference.

Fortheabovereasons,thePanelconfirmsitsviewthatthefirstsentenceofArticle61oftheTRIPSAgreementimposesanobligation.ThePanelwillnowturntothetermsusedinthatprovision,readincontextandinlightoftheobjectandpurposeoftheAgreement,todeterminethescopeandcontentofthatobligation.

59.WhatisrequiredbyArticle1.1ofTRIPS?

60.Whichoftheflowingisthemostsuitabletopicforthe2ndparagraph?

61.OnecaninferfromtheunderlinedphrasethatthefirstsentenceofArticle61___.

62.Theunderlinedphrase“deferto”inthe3rdparagraphmeansto___.

问题1选项

A.ToprovidethesametreatmenttonationalsofotherWTOmembers.

B.ToprovidemoreextensiveprotectionthanrequiredbyTRIPS.

C.TotakespecificmethodtoimplementtheprovisionsofTRIPS.

D.TogiveeffecttotheprovisionsofTRIPS.

问题2选项

A.TheinterpretationofArticle1.1ofTRIPS.

B.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPScannotbederogated.

C.ObligationssetoutinArticle1.1ofTRIPS.

D.The3sentencesofArticle1.1ofTRIPShavedifferentmeaning.

问题3选项

A.makessomestatements

B.sostates

C.isanobligationoftheWTOmembers

D.isthesameastheprovisionsofTRIPS

问题4选项

A.delay

B.givewaytosomebody’sjudgment

C.respect

D.postpone

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】59.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreementprovidesasfollows:“MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement…”（《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定如下：“各成员应实施本协定的各项规定。各成员可以(但不应被迫)在其法律中实施比本协定要求的更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定……”）可知选D选项“实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款”，以及B选项“提供比《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》要求的更广泛的保护”不符合原文，原文是需要在“此种保护不违反本协定的规定”这个前提下；A选项“向其他世贸组织成员的国民提供同样的待遇”和C选项“采取具体方法实施《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款”第一段未提及。因此D选项正确。

60.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第二段ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement…ThesecondsentenceofArticle1.1clarifiesthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareminimumstandardsonly,inthatitgivesMembersthefreedomtoimplementahigherstandard,subjecttoacondition.ThethirdsentenceofArticle1.1doesnotgrantMembersfreedomtoimplementalowerstandard…（第1.1条第一句规定了成员“应使”本协定条款生效的基本义务……第1.1条的第二句话澄清了《协定》的规定仅是最低标准，因为它给予成员执行更高标准的自由，但须有一个条件。第1.1条第3句不给予成员执行较低标准的自由……）可知第二段都在解释说明Article1.1oftheTRIPSAgreement（《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条）的内容，选A选项“对与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条的解释”；B选项“不能减损《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定的义务”，C选项“《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条规定的义务”以及D选项“《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》第1.1条的3句话有不同的含义”都是第二段的片面内容，不足以概括整个段落。因此A选项正确。

61.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文划线句子部分ThismeansthattheprovisionsoftheAgreementareobligationswherestated,andthefirstsentenceofArticle61sostates.（这意味着，《协定》的规定在规定的地方是义务，第61条第一句就说明了这一点），这里所提到的这一点即第二段第一句的内容ThefirstsentenceofArticle1.1setsoutthebasicobligationthatMembers“shallgiveeffect”totheprovisionsofthisAgreement.（第1.1条第一句规定了成员应实施”本协定各项规定的基本义务。），选C选项“是世贸组织成员的义务”；A选项“做一些陈述”，B选项“这样说的”以及D选项“与《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》条款相同”都不符合原文。因此C选项正确。

62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】词义推测题。根据题干定位到第三段TheminimumstandardinArticle61doesnotdefertoChina’sdomesticpracticeonthedefinitionofcriminalliability（第六十一条的最低标准不尊重我国国内对刑事责任定义的实践），deferto在本句中表示“尊重；听从”；A选项“延迟”；B选项“让步于某人的判断”；C选项“尊重”；D选项“推迟”。因此C选项正确。

7.填空题

ThecommissionhasruledthatthedonationsbyBearwoodCorporateServiceswere“legaland_______”aftera14-monthinvestigation.(permit)

【答案】permissible

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】根据横线前的and，可知legal和横线处表示并列，所以横线处应为形容词，并且意思和legal对应，permissible意思为“（法律或规则）容许的，许可的”，符合语境。

【句意】经过14个月的调查后，委员会裁定认可贝尔斯登公司服务公司捐赠的合法性。

8.单选题

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.

问题1选项

A.swallow

B.dispose

C.consume

D.exhaust

【答案】C

【解析】句意:在英国，人们每年消耗四百万吨土豆。

考查动词辨析。swallow忍受;吞没;dispose处理;处置;安排；consume消耗；消费;exhaust耗尽;排出。空格处动词的宾语是potatoes(土豆)，因此C项符合句意。

9.单选题

Thenewscommentatorsaysthattheargumentthespeakerhaspresenteddoesnot（）water.

问题1选项

A.have

B.contain

C.include

D.hold

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。holdwater意为“站得住脚，合情合理，说得通”。这里指演讲者提出的论点说不通。选项D正确。

10.问答题

Whilemanypeopleusecompetitionasanexcusefornotdoingsomething,thosewhoreally

A

B

wanttosucceedseecompetitionasanopportunity,andthey’rewillingtodothetoughwork

C

necessarilytowin.

D

【答案】试题答案：D;necessary

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据thetoughwork和towin之间存在“必要的”逻辑关系，因此将副词necessarily改为形容词necessary。

11.单选题

Itisnotadvisableto（）inaffairsthatareofnoconcerntoyou.

问题1选项

A.impart

B.ponder

C.meddle

D.abound

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。根据句意判断出C选项正确。

12.单选题

PeopleweresurprisedtofindthatMr.Johnsonhadtheabilityto（）everythinghewasinvolvedin.

问题1选项

A.prevail

B.dominate

C.preside

D.instruct

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。prevail盛行，流行；dominate控制，支配；preside主持，担任会议主席；instruct指导，通知。句意：人们惊讶地发现Mr.Johnson有能力操控他所做的每件事。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Takingapowerwalkorwatchingacomedyontelevisionaretwowaystofreeoneselffromthesullengripsofamelancholymood.

问题1选项

A.dilettantish

B.depressive

C.egalitarian

D.insurgent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。题干melancholy“忧郁的；伤悲的”。A项“业余爱好的；一知半解的”，B项“抑郁的”，C项“主张人人平等的；平等主义的”，D项“起义的，叛乱的”。因此选B。句意：散步或看电视上的喜剧是使自己摆脱忧郁情绪的两种方式。

14.单选题

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypes