考研考博-英语-北京社会管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京社会管理职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic.

WhentheGermancruiseshipWilhelmGustoffwashitbytorpedoesfiredfromaRussiansubmarineinthefinalwinterofWorldWarII,morethan10,000people-mostlywomen,childrenandoldpeoplefleeingthefinalRedArmypushintoNaziGermany-werepackedaboard.Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown.Othersdesperatelytriedtoputlifeboatsdown.Somewhosucceededfoughtoffthoseinthewaterwhohadthestrengthtotrytoclawtheirwayaboard.Mostpeoplefrozeimmediately.I’llneverforgetthescreams,saysChristaNtitzmann,87,oneofthe1,200survivors.Sherecallswatchingtheship,brightlylit,slippingintoitsdarkgrave-andintoseemingnothingness,rarelymentionedformorethanhalfacentury.

NowGermany’sNobelPrize-winningauthorGunterGrasshasrevivedthememoryofthe9,000dead,includingmorethan4,000children-withhislatestnovelCrabWalk,publishedlastmonth.Thebook,whichwillbeoutinEnglishnextyear,doesn’tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastropheonlytosaylater:“Nobodywantedtohearaboutit,nothereintheWest(ofGermany)andnotatallintheEast.”Thereasonwasobvious.AsGrassputitinarecentinterviewwiththeweeklyDieWoche:“BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant,wedidn’thavetheenergylefttotellofourownsufferings.”

ThelongsilenceaboutthesinkingoftheWilhelmGustoffwasprobablyunavoidable-andnecessary.Byunreservedlyowninguptotheircountry’smonstrouscrimesintheSecondWorld

War,Germanshavemanagedtowinacceptanceabroad,marginalizetheneo-Nazisathomeandmakepeacewiththeirneighbors.Today’sunifiedGermanyismoreprosperousandstablethanatanytimeinitslong,troubledhistory.Forthat,ahalfcenturyofwillfulforgettingaboutpainfulmemoriesliketheGermanTitanicwasperhapsareasonablepricetopay.ButeventhemostpoliticallycorrectGermansbelievethatthey’venowearnedtherighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord.NottoequateGermansufferingwiththatofitsvictims,butsimplytoacknowledgeaterribletragedy.

1.WhydoestheauthorsaythesinkingoftheWilhelmGustoffwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory?

2.Hundredsoffamiliesdroppedintotheseawhen（

）.

3.TheWilhelmGustofftragedywaslittletalkedaboutformorethanhalfacenturybecauseGermans

（

）.

4.HowdoesGunterGrassrevivethememoryoftheWilhelmGustofftragedy?

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatGermansnolongerthinktha

（

）.

问题1选项

A.ItwasattackedbyRussiantorpedoes

B.Itcausedthelargestnumberofcausalities

C.Mostofitspassengerswerefrozentodeath

D.Itsvictimsweremostlywomenandchildren

问题2选项

A.thebadlydamagedshipleanedtowardoneside

B.astrongicestormtiltedtheship

C.thecruiseshipsankallofasudden

D.thefrightenedpassengersfoughtdesperatelyforlifeboats

问题3选项

A.wereeagertowininternationalacceptance

B.hadbeenpressuredtokeepsilentaboutit

C.wereafraidofoffendingtheirneighbors

D.feltguiltyfortheircrimesinWorldWarII

问题4选项

A.Bydescribingtheship’ssinkingingreatdetail

B.BygivinganinterviewtotheweeklyDieWoche

C.Bypresentingthehorriblesceneofthetorpedoattack

D.Bydepictingthesurvivalofayoungpregnantwoman

问题5选项

A.theWilhelmGustofftragedyisareasonablepricetopayforthenationspastmisdeeds

B.GermanyisresponsibleforthehorriblecrimesitcommittedinWorldWarII

C.theywillbemisunderstoodiftheytalkabouttheWilhelmGustoffWarII

D.itiswrongtoequatetheirsufferingwiththoseofothercountries

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问为什么威廉•古斯特洛夫号的沉没被认为是航海史上最大的惨剧。根据题干关键词worsttragedyinmaritimehistory定位至第一段:itwastheworsttragedyinmaritimehistory,sixtimesmoredeadlythantheTitanic(这是航海史上最大的惨剧,它的死亡人数为泰坦尼克号沉没时的死亡人数的六倍)。故选B“造成的死亡人数最多”。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Anicestormhadturnedthedecksintofrozensheetsthatsenthundredsoffamiliesslidingintotheseaastheshiptiltedandbegantogodown(一场冰暴把甲板冻成了冰盖，船倾斜并开始下沉时，数百个家庭掉入大海)。因此选A“严重破损的船倾向一边”。

3.判断推理题。第三段表明了原文:BecausethecrimesweGermansareresponsibleforwereandaresodominant(我们德国人负主要责任),由此看出德国人是内疚的,故选D“为自己二战中的罪行感到内疚”。

4.细节事实题。第三段指出:doesn'tdwellonthesinking;itsheroineisapregnantyoungwomanwhosurvivesthecatastrophe...(并不是把他作品的重点放在船的沉没细节中，而是从侧而描述了一个年轻孕妇如何在这个灾难中生存下来),故选D。

5.判断推理题。文中倒数第二句指出:…Germansbelievethatthey'renowearnedrighttodiscussthefullhistoricalrecord(德国人认为他们现在有权讨论完整的历史记录),由此可知,德国人并没有认为逃脱责任,题干问的是德国人不再认为…？排除A“威廉•古斯特的悲剧是为国家过去的错误行为付出的合理代价”和B“德国对其在第二次世界大战中犯下的可怕罪行负责”,D项文中并未提及,C指出如果德国人谈到威廉•古斯特洛夫号的沉没时,他们不再被人们误解,因为他们现在有权利来正对历史了。C正确。

2.单选题

Thousandsofpeoplelefttheirruralhomesandflockedintothecitiestolivebesidethenewfactories.

问题1选项

A.dashed

B.filed

C.strolled

D.swarmed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。flockinto表示“大批地涌进，成群结队涌到”；A项dash“猛冲，匆忙”，B项file“提出（申请），把……归档”，C项stroll“散步，闲逛”，D项swarm“成群来回移动，蜂拥而至”。句意：成千上万的人离开农村，涌入城市，住在新工厂旁边。根据句意可知，该题D项正确。

3.单选题

Whenyougotoanewcountry,youmust（

）yourselftonewmannersandcustoms.

问题1选项

A.adopt

B.fit

C.suit

D.adapt

【答案】D

【解析】句意:到一个新国家后，你一定要让自己适应新的礼仪和风俗。

考查动词辨析。Adopt采取,接受;fit安装,使……合身;suit使适应;adapt使适应,使适合。adaptoneselftosth.使自己适应…。C项从语义上也符合题干,但是没有suitoneselftosth.的搭配。故选D。

4.单选题

Thedoctor’s（）wasthatsheshouldgoandseethespecialistinthisfield.

问题1选项

A.constraint

B.counsel

C.coherence

D.consciousness

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。constraint约束，强制；counsel劝告，忠告；coherence一致；consciousness意识，知觉。

句意:医生的（）就是她应该去看这个领域的专家。选项B符合句意。

5.翻译题

通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。

【答案】Bymeansofdataconsulting,fieldresearch,dataanalysisandexpertconsultation,thispaperscreenedoutthediagnosticmorphologicalindexesofancienttreessuitableforthisarea,establishedthegradingbasisofeachindex,constructedthediagnosticcriteriaofancienttrees'health,andbasedonthecriteria,diagnosedthehealthstatusof86ancienttrees(treenamesaretemporarilyabbreviated)incentralYunnan.Theresultsshowedthatthehealthstatusofancienttreeswasmostlygoodandaverage,withsomedifferencesamongdifferenttreespecies.Theresultswerepositivelycorrelatedwiththegrowthstrengthofancienttrees,whichcouldreflecttherealhealthstatusofancienttrees,andtheapplicationeffectwasgood.Inaddition,thereasonsthataffectthehealthstatusofancienttreesareanalyzed,andcorrespondingsolutionsareputforward.

6.单选题

Sheboughtaknifefromtheshop（）topeelanapple

问题1选项

A.which

B.withthat

C.withwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】这里的先行词不是shop,所以不能直接跟关系代词。peelanapplewithaknife用刀削苹果用介词with,所以排除选项A和D。介词+that不能引导定语从句。所以选项C正确。

7.翻译题

由于对急剧上涨的油价和气候变化的日益担心，生物燃料变成了绿色技术革命的先锋，除了作为替代能源外，还希望它在此过程中减缓全球变暖趋势。但是，近期的几项研究表明，生物燃料不但没有实现其提倡者的良好愿望，相反却加剧了全球变暖，并还以拯救地球的名义危害着地球。的确，生物燃料在某种程度上减轻了人们对进口石油的依赖，使某些农民综合企业致富的同时，也给农民创造了就业机会。但是大多数生物燃料遇到的一个基本问题实际上很简单：将土地用于生产生物燃料所需的作物，导致储存了大量碳的森林、湿地和草地被毁，这是研究人员一直没注意到的问题.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

8.单选题

Stressisastateofimbalancebetweendemandsmadeonusfromoutsidesourcesandourcapabilitiestomeetthosedemands.Often,itprecedesandoccursconcurrentlywithconflict.Stress,asyouhaveseen,canbebroughtonbyphysicalevent,otherpeople’sbehavior,socialsituations,ourownbehavior,feelings,thoughts,oranythingthatresultsinheightenedbodilyawareness.Inmanycases,whenyouexperiencepain,anger,fear,ordepression,theseemotionsarearesponsetoastressfulsituationlikeconflict.

Sometimes,inhighlystressfulconflictsituations,wemustcopewiththestressbeforewecopewiththeconflict.Relievingsomeoftheintensityoftheimmediateemotionalresponsewillallowustobecomemorelogicalandtolerantinresolvingtheconflict.

Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.Somepeoplehandlebothbetterthanothersdo.Individualdifferencesarenotasimportantaslearninghowtomanagethestresswefeel.Thegoalinstressmanagementisselfcontrol,particularlyinthefaceofstressfulevents.

Controllingphysicalsymptomsofstressrequiresrelaxation.Sitinacomfortablepositioninaquietplacewheretherearenodistractions.Closeyoureyesandpaynoattentiontotheoutsideworld.Concentrateonlyonyourbreathing.Slowlyinhaleandexhale.Now,witheachexhaledbreathsay“relax”gentlyandpassively.Makeitarelaxingexperience.Ifyouusethismethodtohelpyouinconflictsituationsoveraperiodoftime,theword“relax”willbecomeassociatedwithasenseofphysicalcalm;sayingitinastressfulsituationwillhelpinduceasenseofpeace.

Controllingyourthoughtisthesecondmajorelementinstressmanagement.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.

Everythingseemslife-threateninginmomentofpanic;thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

1.Themainpointofthisreadingisthat（

）.

2.Controllingyourthoughtalwaysinvolves

（

）.

3.Humanresponsetostressis

（

）.

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthesectionisto

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsincludedinthesectionmostdirectlysupportsthewriter’sviewthatstressitcontrollable?

问题1选项

A.stressisanimbalanceofinternalandexternaldemands.

B.controllingphysicalreactionsandthoughtsisaneffectivemeansofmanagingstress

C.relaxationisthekeytosuccessfulstressmanagement

D.stressmanagementrequiresaproblem-solvingapproach

问题2选项

A.consideringthesituationinalternativeviewpoints

B.visualizingyourselfmanagingthestress

C.relaxationtechniquestoemanatephysicalsymptoms

D.asenseofbeingoverwhelmedbythesituation

问题3选项

A.universal

B.variableaccordingtosex

C.unchanging

D.individual

问题4选项

A.explaintherelationshipbetweenstressandconflict

B.instructthereaderhowtocontrolstress

C.describerelaxationtechniques

D.persuadethereadertoreducestressthroughbreathing

问题5选项

A.Thingsdiminimportancewhenviewedinretrospect.

B.Stressisanimbalancebetweendemands.

C.Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflict,justastheyresponddifferentlytostress.

D.Managingstresssuccessfullyrequiresflexibilityinthinking.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲了压力管理，以及应对压力管理的两种方式——身体反应控制与思维控制。因此选B，控制身体反应和思维是管理压力的有效手段。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中Thatis,youmustconsideralternativeviews.Yourcurrentviewiscausingthestress!Yourmustalsokeepfromattachingexaggeratedimportancetoevents.（也就是说，你必须考虑其他观点。你当前的观点是造成压力的原因！你也必须避免过分重视这件事）因此选A，考虑替代观点的情况。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Peopleresponddifferentlytoconflictjustastheyresponddifferentlytostress.（人们对冲突的反应不同，正如他们对压力的反应也不同）可知选D，人类对压力的反应是个体的。

第4题:主旨大意题。由第一题以及文章大意，可知作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍压力管理的方法，因此选B。

第5题:观点态度题。题干：以下哪一项包括在最直接支持作者的观点的部分中，强调它是可控的？作者认为压力管理可以通过身体反应控制与思维控制来进行，因此D选项“成功的管理压力需要思维的灵活性”符合题意。

9.填空题

Ingeneral,I’mgladthatIdon’townacar.（1）IdowishthatI（2）amotorcycle,though.It（3）benicetobeabletoget（4）ofthecityonweekends.Ienjoywanderinginthemountains（5）thenorthandwestofourcampus,buttransportation（6）makeithardformetodothatmorethanthreeorfourtimes（7）year.AmotorbikeisjustwhatIneed.

【答案】1.sometimes

2.owned

3.would

4.out

5.to

6.Problems

7.a

【解析】1.语义题。由空格前句意“我通常高兴自己没有车”中“ingeneral通常”及空格后关键词“though但是”的对应可推知这里表示“有时也希望自己拥有一辆摩托车”。

2.语义题。句意:有时也希望自己拥有一辆摩托车。此处为wish引导虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的愿望（其构成为主语+wishthat+从句主语+动词过去式（be—律用were）。

3.这里用表将来的委婉语气词“would”表示“将会”。

4.固定搭配。getoutof离开。

5.语法题。考查介词。tothenorthandwestofsth.在…的北面和西面

6.语义题。句意:交通问题让我为难。

7.语义题。这里表示“每年三次或四次”。

10.翻译题

Youthisnotatimeoflifeitisastateofmind.Itisnotamatterofredcheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees.Itisatemperofthewill;aqualityoftheimagination;avigoroftheemotions;itisafreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureoveralifeofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanoffifty,morethaninaboyoftwenty.Nobodygrowsoldbymerelylivinganumberofyears;peoplegrowoldbydesertingtheirideals.

【答案】【参考译文】

青春不是年华，而是心境；青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，恢宏的想象，炙热的恋情；青春是生命的深泉在涌流。

青春气贯长虹，勇锐盖过怯弱，进取压倒苟安。如此锐气，二十后生而有之，六旬男子则更多见。年岁有加，并非垂老，理想丢弃，方堕暮年。

11.单选题

Thecaptainoftheshipenteredthedetailsinthe（

）.

问题1选项

A.lounge

B.log

C.motel

D.shipwreck

【答案】B

【解析】lounge休息室；log航行日志,记录；motel汽车旅馆；shipwreck海难,遇难船。句意:船长把详细情况写进了航海日志。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

（）firetestsgold,sodoesadversitytestscourage.

问题1选项

A.Like

B.Alike

C.As

D.Comparing

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词。Like“像”，可作介词；alike“相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as“像……”，可作介词；comparing“比较”，可作动词。此处“firetestsgold”为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof（

）istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetoliveinandyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.

问题1选项

A.elitism

B.eloquence

C.eminence

D.etiquette

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析。句意:在无数的规则下，雄辩最根本的目的是为了让这个世界成为更美好的地方，你成为更好相处的人。

elitism精英主义；杰出人物统治论。eloquence口才；雄辩；雄辩术；修辞。eminence显赫；卓越；高处。etiquette显赫；卓越；尚处。

15.单选题

Itisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthoselivingin（

）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.densely

B.intensely

C.abundantly

D.highly

【答案】A

【解析】densely浓密地，密集地；intensely强烈地，紧张地，热情地；abundantly丰富地，大量地；highly高度地；非常。句意：人们普遍认为住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

（）isgenerallyaccepted,economicgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.

问题1选项

A.What

B.That

C.It

D.As

【答案】D

【解析】考查as的用法。as可作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意为“如……一样，像……一样”等；as引导的从句一般用逗号与主句隔开，可以位于主句的前面、中间或后面。句意：人们普遍认为，经济的增长取决于生产的顺利发展。因此D选项正确。

17.填空题

Itcouldperhapsbesaidthattheattractionor________someofusoccasionallyhavetowardsthosewithwealthmayhavepartiallyevolvedfromthisdynamic.(admire)

【答案】admiration

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】根据or，可知横线处和attraction都是名词，admiration意思为“赞赏，羡慕”，指的是对富人的羡慕，符合语境。

【句意】或许可以这样说，我们当中的部分人偶尔对富人的向往或羡慕，可能在一定程度上就是从这种相互作用的方式演变而来的。

18.单选题

WhenyoustudyintheUnitedStates,usuallyyouhavetobuyyourownhealth（）.

问题1选项

A.insurance

B.expense

C.evidence

D.assurance

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insurance“保险，保险费”。B选项expense“损失，代价”。C选项evidence“证据，证明”。D选项assurance“保证，担保”。句意：当你在美国学习时，通常你必须自己购买健康保险。因此A选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Strangelyenough,anoldman（）meandintroducedhimself,whoturnedouttobeafriendofmyfather’s.

问题1选项

A.stoodupto

B.walkedupto

C.livedupto

D.addedupto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项standupto“经得起，抵抗”，B项walkupto“走近，走向”，C项liveupto“不辜负，做到”，D项addupto“合计达，总共达”；根据空格前后关键词anoldman（老人）和introducehimself（介绍他自己）可推断，空格部分表示“向我走进”。句意：奇怪的是，一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍，原来是我父亲的朋友。因此，该题选择B项正确。

20.单选题

Ifeelquiteconfidentin（）Mr.Jacksontoyouforthevacantpostofresearchassistant.

问题1选项

A.submitting

B.proclaiming

C.recalling

D.recommending

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。submitting提交；proclaiming宣告，赞扬；recalling回顾，回想；recommending推荐，举荐。根据句意：我很有信心向您推荐杰克逊先生担任研究助理。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Thejourneyusuallytakesfiveweeksbutyoushould（）delayscausedbybadweather.

问题1选项

A.arrangefor

B.accountfor

C.allowfor

D.applyfor

【答案】C

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项arrangefor“安排、安顿”；B选项accountfor“说明、解释”；C选项allowfor“考虑到、估计”；D选项applyfor“申请、请求”，句意为：这趟旅行通常需要五个星期，但你应该把恶劣天气造成的延误考虑在内。因此选项C符合题意。

22.单选题

Thehospitalisnowdiscounting10standardoperations,________havingababytoundergoingaheartbypass.

问题1选项

A.rangingfrom

B.covering

C.consistingof

D.comprising

【答案】A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项“从……到……”；B选项“覆盖，包含”；C选项“包括，组成”；D选项“包括”。句意：这家医院现在不考虑（做）10种标准手术，（）接生到心脏搭桥手术。从句子关键词“to”，选项中和to搭配的只有rangefrom...to；所以答案选A。consistof和comprise后面列举的例子一般用and连接。

23.翻译题

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

Theairwebreatheissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetwithoutitwecouldnotsurvivemorethanafewminutes.Forthemostpart,thesameairisavailabletoeveryone,andeveryoneneedsit.Somepeopleusetheairtosustainthemwhiletheysitaroundandfeelsorryforthemselves.Othersbreatheintheairandusetheenergyitprovidestomakeamagnificentlifeforthemselves.

Opportunityisthesameway.Itiseverywhere.Opportunityissofreelyavailablethatwetakeitforgranted.Yetopportunityaloneisnotenoughtocreatesuccess.Opportunitymustbeseizedandacteduponinordertohavevalue.Somanypeoplearesoanxiousto“getin”ona“groundflooropportunity’’,asiftheopportunitywilldoallthework.That’simpossible.Justasyouneedairtobreathe,youneedopportunitytosucceed.Ittakesmorethanjustbreathinginthefreshairofopportunity,however.Youmustmakeuseofthatopportunity.That’snotuptotheopportunity.That’suptoyou.Itdoesn’tmatterwhat“floor”theopportunityison.Whatmattersiswhatyoudowithit.

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

如果失败了你会怎么做？很多人可能会选择放弃。然而，要想成功，最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标。在通往成功的路上，你必须坚持你的方向。它就像一盏灯，在黑暗中为你指路，帮助你度过难关。否则，你很容易就会迷失方向或犹豫不前。方向意味着目标，人生如果没有目标，将一事无成。你可以试着把你的目标写在纸上，并制定实现目标的计划。这样，你就会懂得如何合理安排时间，如何正确地支配时间。而且你还要有这样的信念：只要你一直坚持自己的方向，你就一定可以成功。

【答案】A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

【参考译文】

我们所呼吸的空气触手可及，以至于我们将其视为理所当然。然而，倘若没有空气，我们只能存活几分钟。大多数情况下，每个人都能呼吸到同样的空气，也都需要空气。有的人一边坐着自怨自艾，一边又呼吸空气来维持生命。另一些人却呼吸空气，并利用空气提供的能量为自己创造美好的生活。

机遇也是如此。它无处不在。机遇是如此唾手可得，以至于我们将其当作理所当然。然而，只有机遇不足以创造成功。为了让机遇有价值，必须抓住机遇并采取行动。很多人都急于抓住“先机”，好像抓住机遇就会一劳永逸，这是不可能的。正如你需要空气来呼吸一样，你也需要获得成功的机遇。然而，成功不仅仅是呼吸到机遇的新鲜空气。你必须利用所获得的机遇。对机遇的利用不取决于机遇，而取决于你。机遇处于什么“阶段”不重要，最重要的是你如何利用它。

B.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.

【参考译文】

Whatwouldyoudoifyoufailed?Manypeoplemaychoosetogiveup.However,thereliablewaytosuccessistoadheretoyourdirectionandgoal.Onthewaytosuccess,youmustkeepyourdirection.Itisjustlikealamp,guidingyouindarknessandhelpingyoupullthough.Otherwise,youwilleasilygetlostorhangback.Directionmeansgoals.Nothingcanbedonewithoutagoalinyourlife.Youcantrytowritedownyourgoalsandmakesomeplanstoachievethem.Inthisway,youwillknowhowtoarrangeanduseyourtimeproperly.Furthermore,youshouldhaveabeliefthatyouaresuretosucceedaslongasyoukeepyourdirectionallthetime.

24.翻译题

ReadthefollowingparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.

据财富、种族、教育、地域的不同，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模有很大差别。数据表明，计算机的拥有程度和互联网的接入规模在最富裕的、教育良好的，即拥有高中和大学文凭的富裕的白人和那些稳定的双亲家庭中增长更迅速。最高收入阶层的家庭，即年收入高于75000美元的家庭访问互联网的可能性是那些低收入阶层，即年收入低于10000美元的家庭的20倍。高收入家庭使用计算机的比例高达76.56%，但与之相比，低收入家庭只有8%。

【答案】Accordingtothedifferencesinwealth,race,educationandregion,greatdistancehasexistedintheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccess.ThestatisticsshowthattheownershipofcomputerandInternetaccesshaveincreasedrapidlyinthemostaffluentandwell-educatedwhitepeoplewhousuallyownshigh-schoolanduniversitydiplomaandstabletwo-parentfamilies.ThepossibilityofusingInternetinthefamilieswiththehighestincome,morethan75,000dollars,istwentytimesasmuchasthatinthefamilieswithlowincome,lessthan10,000dollars.Therateofusingcomputerinhighincomefamilieshasreached76.56%,whiletherateinlowincomefamilieshasonly8%.

25.单选题

Exerciseseemstobenefitthebrainpowerofhealthyandsick,youngandold（

）.

问题1选项

A.alike

B.alive

C.together

D.included

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。alike同样的；alive活着的，有生气的；together一起；included包括在内的。句意：运动似乎对他们的脑力有益，无论对健康的人、生病的人，还是年轻人、老人都一样。A项符合句意，答案A。

26.单选题

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

问题1选项

A.scarce;common

B.accessible;marginal

C.unidentified;subsidized

D.plentiful;profitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce“缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible“可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”，这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified“不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful“大量的，充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意‘由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业’推断出第一个空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二个空白处的选项，common“普通的，常见的”；marginal“边缘的，末端的”；subsidized“补贴的，补助的”；profitable“有利的，赢利的”，根据题目后部分形容陆地上开采的relativelyinexpensive和关键词yet可以推断出第二个空应该填profitable,故答案选项为D。

27.单选题

Sheistooshytoaskastrangerthetime,（）speaktoaroomofpeople.

问题1选项

A.muchless

B.muchmore

C.stillmore

D.moreorless

【答案】B

【解析】副词词组辨析。muchless“更不用说”；muchmore“更加”；stillmore“更何况”；moreorless“或多或少”。句意：她十分害羞以至于不敢询问陌生人时间，更何况是和一屋子的人说话。选项B符合题意。

28.单选题

Hisheart（）withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

问题1选项

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飘动”;flourish“繁荣,活跃,夸耀”;flush“发红,使激动”;flutter“扑动,震颤”。句意:在等待领导接见时,他激动得心怦怦直跳。选项D符合句意。

29.单选题

Oldpeopleare（

）toclaimaspecialheatingallowancefromthegovernment.

问题1选项

A.engaged

B.charmed

C.involved

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。Engaged“使用中的”；charmed“着迷的”；involved“涉及的”；entitled“有资格的，有权的”。句意：老人有资格向政府申请特别的取暖津贴。选项D符合题意。

30.单选题

First,let’sconsiderwhatanuclearreactoris:a(1),glowingred-hotcoal.That’sa(2)wayofdescribingit,anyway.Nuclearreactors,justlikefossilfuel-burningpowerplants,makeelectricityby(3)watersoitturnsintosteamand(4)aturbine,whichpowersagenerator.

Touseanother(5),thenuclearfissionwhich(6)thisheatisabitlikethechaosyou’dgetifyoutoppledagiantpyramidof(7)tomatoes.First,onecanwouldfall,andthenitwouldbounceoffseveralmorecans,(8)thoseover,andthenthey’dallbouncedownhill,creatinganever-expandingchainreaction.Andeachtimeacanhitanothercan,itwouldproduceasparkofheat.

InJapan,thischainreactionstoppedatthetimeoftheearthquake,whenthereactorsshutdownasasafety(9).Butnuclearfissio