考研考博-英语-北京电子科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京电子科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatthepowerofmediumis（）.

问题1选项

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项grant“授予，允许”；B选项imply“暗示”；C选项exaggerate“夸大”；D选项remedy“补救，纠正”。句意：大多数广播公司认为电视受到了不公正的批评，认为媒体的力量被夸大了。选项C符合语境。

2.单选题

ItiscommonlybelievedintheUnitedStatesthatschooliswherepeoplegotogetaneducation.Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.Thedistinctionbetweenschoolingandeducationimpliedbythisremarkisimportant.

Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsnobounds.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,whetherintheshoweroronthejob,whetherinakitchenoronatractor.Itincludesboththeformallearningthattakesplaceinschoolsandthewholeuniverseofinformallearning.Theagentsofeducationcanrangefromareveredgrandparenttothepeopledebatingpoliticsontheradio,fromachildtoadistinguishedscientist.Whereasschoolinghascertainpredictability,educationquiteoftenproducessurprises.Achanceconversationwithstrangermayleadapersontodiscoverhowlittleisknownofotherreligions.Peopleareengagedineducationfrominfancyon.Education,then,isaverybroad,inclusiveterm.Itisalifelongprocess,aprocessthatstartslongbeforethestartofschool,andonethatshouldbeanintegralpartofone’sentirelife.

Schooling,ontheotherhand,isspecific,formalizedprocess,whosegeneralpatternvarieslittlefromonesettingtothenext.Throughoutacountry,childrenarriveatschoolatapproximatelythesametime,takeassignedseats,aretaughtbyanadult,usesimilartextbooks,dohomework,takeexams,andsoon.Theslicesofrealitythataretobelearned,whethertheyarethealphabetoranunderstandingoftheworkingsofgovernment,haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught.Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.Therearedefiniteconditionssurroundingtheformalizedprocessofschooling.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanbyusingtheexpression“Childreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool”(Sent.2,Para.1)?

3.Thephrase“Forexample,”(Sent.4,Para.3),introducesasentencethatgivesexamplesof______.

4.Thepassagesupportswhichofthefollowingconclusions?

5.Thepassageisorganizedby______.

问题1选项

A.Thebestschoolsteachawidevarietyofsubjects.

B.Educationandschoolingarequitedifferentexperiences.

C.Studentsbenefitfromschools,whichrequirelonghoursandhomework.

D.Themoreyearsstudentsgotoschoolthebettertheireducationis.

问题2选项

A.Goingtoseveraldifferentschoolsiseducationallybeneficial.

B.Schoolvacationsinterruptthecontinuityoftheschoolyear.

C.Summerschoolmakestheschoolyeartoolong.

D.Alloflifeisaneducation.

问题3选项

A.similartextbooks

B.theresultsofschooling

C.theworkingsofagovernment

D.theboundariesofclassroomsubject

问题4选项

A.Withoutformaleducation,peoplewouldremainignorant.

B.Educationsystemsneedtoberadicallyreformed.

C.Goingtoschoolisonlypartofhowpeoplebecomeeducated.

D.Educationinvolvesmanyyearsofprofessionaltraining.

问题5选项

A.listinganddiscussingseveraleducationalproblems

B.contrastingthemeaningsoftworelatedwords

C.narratingastoryaboutexcellentteachers

D.givingexamplesofdifferentkindsofschools

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头提出学校教育和教育之间的区别，接着分别介绍了两者不同的特点。因此B选项“教育和学校教育是完全不同的经历”最能概括文章主旨。A选项“最好的学校教授各种各样的科目”，C选项“学生从学校中受益，学校要求长时间的学习和家庭作业”，D选项“学生上学的年数越多，他们的教育就越好”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Nevertheless,ithasbeensaidthattodaychildreninterrupttheireducationtogotoschool.（而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。），说明有些人认为教育是一个终身的过程，去学校上学反而打断了这一过程。因此D选项“整个人生都是一种教育”正确。A选项“去几个不同的学校在教育上是有益的”，B选项“学校放假打断了学年的连续性”，C选项“暑期学校使学年太长”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第四句Forexample,highschoolstudentsknowthattheyarenotlikelytofindoutintheirclassesthetruthaboutpoliticalproblemsintheircommunitiesorwhatthenewestfilmmakersareexperimentingwith.（例如，高中生们知道，在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情，也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。），该句Forexample之后列举的例子是为了说明前文的haveusuallybeenlimitedbytheboundariesofthesubjectbeingtaught（往往受到了学科范围的限制）。因此D选项“课堂学科的限制”正确。A选项“类似的教科书”，B选项“学校教育的结果”，C选项“一个政府的工作方式”均不符合题意，所以A,B,C错误。

4.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了学校教育和教育的区别，学校教育只是教育的一部分，除此之外人们还有许多其他接受教育的形式。因此C选项“上学只是人们受教育方式的一部分”正确。A选项“没有正规的教育，人们就会保持无知”，B选项“教育系统需要进行彻底的改革”，D选项“教育涉及多年的专业培训”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文来看，作者首先提出教育和学校教育两个相关的概念，接着分别介绍了它们的特点和区别，所以本文的行文线索是对比教育和学校教育这两个相关词汇的概念。因此B选项“对比两个相关词汇的含义”正确。A选项“列出并讨论了几个教育问题”，C选项“叙述了一个关于优秀教师的故事”，D选项“举例说明不同类型的学校”在文中均没有提及，所以A,C,D错误。

3.单选题

AccordingtothegeologicaltheoryputforwardbyafamousgeologistatanacademicconferencenewlyheldinEngland,thesouthofIcelandis（）toearthquakes.

问题1选项

A.disposed

B.likely

C.liable

D.inclined

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A:disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”；B:likely“很可能的”；C:liable“易遭受的”；D:inclined“趋向于……的”。句意：根据一位著名的地理学家在最近英国举行的学术会议上提出的地理理论，爱尔兰的南方有地震的可能性。结合句意，C为正确答案。

4.单选题

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

问题1选项

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。forsake意为“抛弃，遗弃”；vanish意为“消失”；scatter意为“驱散，散开”；abandon意为“放弃，抛弃”；reject意为“拒绝”。

句意：汤普森一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在远离高速公路的树林里。

5.单选题

WhenaScottishresearchteamstartledtheworldbyrevealingthreemonthsagothatithadclonedanadultsheep,PresidentClintonmovedswiftly.Declaringthathewasopposedtousingthisunusualanimalhusbandrytechniquetoclonehumans,heorderedthatfederalfundsnotbeusedforsuchanexperimentalthoughnoonehadproposedtodoso—andaskedanindependentpanelofexpertschairedbyPrincetonPresidentHaroldShapirotoreportbacktotheWhiteHousein90dayswithrecommendationsforanationalpolicyonhumancloning.Thatgroup-thenationalBioethicsAdvisoryCommission-hasbeenworkingfeverishlytoputitswisdomonpaper,andatameetingon17May,membersagreedonanear-finaldraftoftherecommendations.

NBACwillaskthatClinton's90-daybanonfederalfundsforhumancloningbeextendedindefinitely,andpossiblythatitbemadelaw.ButNBACmembersareplanningtowordtherecommendationnarrowlytoavoidnewrestrictionsonresearchthatinvolvesthecloningofhumanDNAorcells--routineinmolecularbiology.Thepanelhasnotyetreachedagreementonacrucialquestion,however,whethertorecommendlegislationthatwouldmakeitacrimeforprivatefundingtobeusedforhumancloning.

Inadraftprefacetotherecommendations,discussedatthe17Maymeeting,Shapirosuggestedthatthepanelhadfoundabroadconsensusthatitwouldbe"morallyunacceptabletoattempttocreateahumanchildbyadultnuclearcloning."ShapiroexplainedduringthemeetingthatthemoraldoubtstemsmainlyfromfearsabouttherisktothehealthofthechilD.Thepaneltheninformallyacceptedseveralgeneralconclusions,althoughsomedetailshavenotbeensettled.

NBACmembersalsoindicatedthattheywillappealtoprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsnottotrytoclonehumansbybodycellnucleartransfer.Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.Shapiroandmostmembersfavoredanappealforsuchlegislation.Butinaphoneinterview,hesaidthisissuewasstill"upintheair."

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Themeaningoftheword"consensus"inParagraph3isclosestto（）.

3.Thepanelagreedonallofthefollowingexceptthat（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromParagraph2?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

问题1选项

A.theWhiteHouserespondedstronglytothenewsofcloning

B.federalfundshavebeenusedinaprojecttoclonehumans

C.NBACwasempoweredtocontrolthemisuseofcloningtechnique

D.theWhiteHousehasgotthepanel'srecommendationsoncloning

问题2选项

A.requirement

B.content

C.agreement

D.distinction

问题3选项

A.thebanonfederalfundsforhumancloningshouldbemadealaw

B.theprivatelyfundedresearchersandclinicsshouldbeforbiddentoclonehumans

C.itwouldbeagainstethicalvaluestocloneahumanbeing

D.itwouldbeagainstthelawtouseprivatefundingforhumancloning

问题4选项

A.TherecommendationshouldbeexpressednarrowlytoavoidthecloningofhumanDNA

B.TherecommendationshouldbeconfinedtothecloningofhumanDNA

C.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldnotbeputundermorecontrol.

D.ThecloningofhumanDNAshouldberestrictednarrowly.

问题5选项

A.theissueofhumancloningwillsoonbesettled

B.someNBACmembershesitatetobanhumancloningcompletely

C.privatelyfoundedresearcherswillrespondpositivelytoNBAC'sappeal

D.alawbanninghumancloningistobepassedimmediately

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，反对克隆的是克林顿总统，而白宫对此的态度作者没有提及，所以选项A错误；克林顿总统下令联邦基金不能用于克隆实验，所以选项B也错误；NBAC只是被授权写出有关克隆人的国家政策的建议，而不是被授权控制克隆技术的滥用，选项C表述有误；根据第一段的最后一句可知，该草案的最终建议已经达成了一致，所以选项D正确。

2.根据原文的“abroadconsensus”以及句意可知，原文指达成广泛的共识。所以选项C更符合原文。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Thepanelhasnot...tobeusedforhumancloning.”然而，有一个关键问题专家组尚未达成一致意见，即将私人资金用于克隆人属于犯罪这一条例是否应该立法。所以选项D是错误的。

4.根据第二段的第二句“ButNBACmembers...routineinmolecularbiology.”但是，NBAC的成员会注意控制其内容的措辞,以免出现新的条令禁止克隆人类DNA和细胞的试验——这类试验在分子生物学中是常见的。也就是说，克隆人类DNA不应该受到更多的控制。选项C符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的第二句“Buttheyweredividedonwhethertogofurtherbycallingforafederallawthatwouldimposeacompletebanonhumancloning.”但是，他们在是否进一步要求联邦法律全面禁止克隆人的问题上存在分歧。选项B符合原文。

6.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert’sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3warmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarminguptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth’schieffood-growingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthinkericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand“cold”spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror“colder”facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth’satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolar-weatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.

41.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould______.

42.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain______.

43.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis______.

44.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat______.

45.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,______.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarmingupintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecauseaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarmingeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheatmospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“可以得出结论的是，大气中二氧化碳的浓度将会……”。根据文章第一段carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror—theglassofaroofinagreenhousewhichallowsthesun’sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.（二氧化碳的作用就像一面单向镜子——温室屋顶的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量逸出。）可知A项“阻止太阳光线到达地球表面”，内容与文章内容相反；B项“意味着北极的气候变暖”，第三段最后两句提到ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.（但是，气象专家现在把更多的注意力放在了南极西部，那里可能只会受到几度的变暖的影响：换句话说，由于燃料的燃烧，在未来的50年里可能会出现这样的变暖），由此可知，现在南极气温更容易受气候变暖的影响，所以B项内容不准确；C项“导致了北半球气候的巨大变化”，内容与原文所说正相反，第五段第一句提到However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.（然而，大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的，那里的气温似乎正在下降），由此可知二氧化碳会使大气温度上升，但事实上气温却在降低，所以是无法用二氧化碳来解释北半球气温变化的，C项错误；根据第四段最后两句话Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.（现有的证据表明气候已经变暖。这符合二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论。）可知D项“提高地球表面的温度”符合题意。因此该题选D。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“文章是用来解释……”。从全文来看，作者主要探讨了两种对大气温度变化产生影响的原因——人为因素和自然因素。若以人为原因为主，现在的大气温度应比以前更高，但事实上相反，大气温度似乎在下降；若以自然原因为主，现在应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但是又没有，说明二氧化碳与太阳在相互影响着大气的温度，只有D项“影响天气的原因”全面表达了文章的内容，即解释影响天气的原因。A项“温室效应”和B项“太阳对地球的影响”都只是其中一个原因，不够全面。C项“太阳-天气相互作用的模型”太片面，也不选。因此该题选D。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“虽然北半球的燃料消耗较大，但那里的气温似乎在下降。这是……”。根据题干定位到文章的第五段第二句Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthosecausedbyman.（因此，科学家得出结论，到目前为止，自然对天气的影响已经超过了人类造成的影响），接着作者在第六段提到Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesunitsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.（一种可能是太阳的变化……它的热量输出呈周期性上升和下降，最新的趋势是下降），由此可知，影响北半球气温下降的原因有一部分是自然的影响，因此D项“部分原因是太阳能输出的变化”符合题意。A项“主要是因为二氧化碳的含量在上升”，第七段提到Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），由此可知，大气中不断上升的二氧化碳浓度能平衡气温中不断消失的太阳热量，所以A项内容不正确；B项“可能是因为两极的冰盖正在融化”，与题干无关；C项“这完全是由于地球气候惯性的影响”，内容太绝对。因此该题选D。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据他们的模型，科学家们认为……”。根据文章的第七段的第二句话…thatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAge（这些模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此），由此可知科学家认为气候应该变得更冷，因此A项“世界的气候应该会变得更冷”符合题意。B项“地球气候的惯性将需要数千年才能起作用”，最后一段倒数第二句Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.（解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟，而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性），根据这个句子可知文章提到太阳效应克服地球气候的惯性是用来对科学家们认为的模型预测世界将进入一个新的冰河时代的一种假设，不符合题意；C项“人为的变暖效应有助于增加太阳效应”，文章最后一句提到thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），因此C项错误。D项“新的冰川期将被温室效应推迟”，文章中科学家做出的假设是太阳效应克服了地球气候的这种惯性，所以D项错误。因此该题选A。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的，那么……”。文章最后两句话提到Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun’sdiminishingheat.（解决这一理论难题的一种方法是假设有数千年的延迟，而太阳效应克服了地球气候的惯性。如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的变暖效应可能会起到有效的平衡太阳热量递减的作用），可知如果新冰河世纪延迟的假设是正确的，温室效应可以平衡太阳热量递减的作用，因此对地球是有利的，这与D项“温室效应可能对地球有利”符合；A项“克服这种冷却效应的最好方法是燃烧更多的燃料”原文未提及；B项“冰很快就会覆盖北半球”，第五段首句提到mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere（大部分燃料是在北半球燃烧的），所以B项内容不正确；C项“大气中二氧化碳含量的增加会使地球更快地变暖”，不是变暖，而是平衡太阳热量的递减，C项也不正确。因此该题选D。

7.单选题

Despitetremendousachievements,formidableobstaclestodevelopmentwillpersist.

问题1选项

A.difficultt

B.sustainablet

C.externalt

D.unpredictable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。formidable表示“强大的，可怕的”；A项difficult“困难的，艰难的”，B项sustainable“可以忍受的，足以支撑的”，C项external“外部的，外表的”，D项unpredictable“不可预知的，出乎意料的”。句意：尽管取得了巨大成就，但发展仍将面临巨大障碍。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。

8.单选题

Heshoutedin________ofthepoliceman’swarningtobequiet.

问题1选项

A.defense

B.defiance

C.attempt

D.view

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.defense防御，保卫B.defiance违抗，拒绝服从

C.attempt企图，尝试D.view看法，见解

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】前半句的“shouted（喊叫）”和后半句的“warningtobequiet（保持安静的警告）”形成对比，说明他并没有遵从警察要他安静的警告，也就是说他无视、拒绝服从警察的警告。indefianceof是固定搭配，意为“无视，违抗”，因此B选项defiance“违抗，拒绝服从”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项defense“防御，保卫”，indefenseof指保护某事物免受攻击、批评或为某人辩护，不能和“warning（警告）”进行搭配；

C选项attempt“企图，尝试”，没有相应的搭配用法；

D选项view“看法，见解”，inviewof指鉴于某事物，考虑到某原因，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】他大声喊叫，无视警察要他保持安静的警告。

9.单选题

Shewassofatthatshecouldonlyjust（）throughthedoor.

问题1选项

A.assemble

B.appear

C.squeeze

D.gather

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她如此胖，以至于只能挤过这扇门。

考查动词辨析。assemble聚集，集合，收集;appear出现，显得，似乎，看来；squeeze挤，紧握，勒索；squeezethrough挤过，勉强通过;gather收集，收割，使……聚集。故C符合句意。

10.单选题

In1900theUnitedStateshadonlythreecitieswithmorethanamillionresidents-NewYork,Chicago,andPhiladelphia.By1930,ithadtengiantmetropolises.Theneweronesexperiencedremarkablegrowth,whichreflectedbasicchangesintheeconomy.

LineThepopulationofLosAngeles(114,000in1900)rosespectacularlyintheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury,increasingadramatic1,400percentfrom1900to1930.AnumberofcircumstancescontributedtothemeteoricriseofLosAngeles.Theagriculturalpotentialoftheareawasenormousifwaterforirrigationcouldbefound,andthecityfoundershadthevisionanddatingtoobtainitbyconstructinga225-mileaqueduct,completedin1913,totapthewateroftheOwensRiver.Thecityhadasuperbnaturalharbor,aswellasexcellentrailconnections.Theclimatemadeitpossibletoshootmotionpicturesyear-round;henceHollywood.Hollywoodnotonlysuppliedjobs;itdisseminatedanimageofthegoodlifeinSouthernCaliforniaonscreensallacrossthenation.ThemostimportantsingleindustrypoweringthegrowthofLosAngeles,however,wasdirectlylinkedtotheautomobile.ThedemandforpetroleumtofuelgasolineenginesledtotheopeningoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields,andmadeLosAngelesNorthAmerica'sgreatestrefiningcenter.

LosAngeleswasaproductoftheautoageinanothersenseaswell:itsdistinctivespatialorganizationdependedonwidespreadprivateownershipofautomobiles.LosAngeleswasadecentralizedmetropolis,sprawlingacrossthedesertlandscapeoveranareaof400squaremiles.Itwasacitywithoutarealcenter.Thedowntownbusinessdistrictdidnotgrowapacewiththecityasawhole,andtherapidtransitsystemdesignedtolinkthecenterwithoutlyingareaswitheredawayfromdisuse.Approximately800,000carswereregisteredinLosAngelesCountyin1930,oneper2.7residents.SomevisitorsfromtheeastcoastweredismayedattheendlessurbansprawlanddismissedLosAngelesasamerecollectionofsuburbsinsearchofacity.Butthefreedomandmobilityofacitybuiltonwheelsattractedfloodsofmigrantstothecity.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.TheauthorcharacterizesthegrowthofnewlargecitiesintheUnitedStatesafter1900asresultingprimarilyfrom（）

3.Theword"meteoric"inline6isclosestinmeaningto（）

4.Accordingtothepassage,themostimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofagriculturearoundLosAngeleswasthe（）

5.ThevisitorsfromtheeastcoastmentionedinthepassagethoughtthatLosAngeles（）

问题1选项

A.ThegrowthofcitiesintheUnitedStatesintheearly1900's.

B.ThedevelopmentoftheSouthernCaliforniaoilfields.

C.FactorscontributingtothegrowthofLosAngeles.

D.IndustryandcityplanninginLosAngeles.

问题2选项

A.neweconomicconditions

B.imagesofcitiesshowninmovies

C.newagriculturaltechniques

D.alargemigrantpopulation

问题3选项

A.rapid

B.famous

C.controversial

D.methodical

问题4选项

A.influxof"newresidentstoagriculturalareasnearthecity

B.constructionofanaqueduct

C.expansionoftransportationfacilities

D.developmentofnewconnectionstothecity'snaturalharbor

问题5选项

A.wasnotaccuratelyportrayedbyHollywoodimages

B.lackedgoodsuburbanareasinwhichtolive

C.hadanexcessivelylargepopulation

D.wasnotreallyasinglecity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:通读全文，以及第二段的第三句Anumberof...LosAngeles.可知，本文主要讲的是许多因素促成了洛杉矶的发展。选项C正确。

第2题:根据第一段的最后一句可知，1990年以后，美国大城市的迅速发展主要是由于经济发生了变化，选项A符合原文。

第3题:根据上下文，人口和经济都在以惊人的速度在增长，下文对洛杉矶各个方面的描述也可以看出，这种增长是快速的，所以选项A更贴近原文。

第4题:根据第二段的第三句“Theagriculturalpotential...theOwensRiver”如果能找到灌溉用水，这个地区的农业潜力是巨大的。城市建造者们通过建造一条225英里长的沟渠来获取水资源。所以，发展洛杉矶农业的重要因素就是建造沟渠。选项B正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的倒数第二句“Somevisitors...ofacity.”一些来自东海岸的游客对无休止的城市扩张感到沮丧，他们认为洛杉矶只不过是郊区的集合。所以选项D正确。

11.单选题

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.Thecasinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer，a“FunCard”，whichwhenusedinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’sgamblingactivities.ForWilliams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls“electronicheroin”.

(1).

In1997helost$21，000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Nowheissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseitknewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’sgamblingproblem.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.

(2).

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,Williams’suitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling”，intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductagainsthiswill”.Well.

(3).

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.

(4).

Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.

(5).

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton—youmightsayaddictedto—revenuesfromwagering.AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers,dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb’smostprofitablebusiness.

问题1选项

A.Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartmentcontinuedtopepperhimwithmailings.AndheenteredthecasinoandusedhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

B.Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andinwhatsensewashiswilloperative?

C.Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbacktoeven,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

D.GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmeric