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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆生产建设兵团兴新职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.不定项选择题
Acomplexoperationcalledspinalfusionhasemergedasthetreatmentofchoiceformanykindsofbackpain.Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy(椎板切除术).Somepeoplewouldbebetteroffwithnosurgeryatall.Evendoctorswhofavorfusionssaythatmoreresearchisneededontheirbenefits.
Intheabsenceofbetterdata,criticspointtoadifferentreasonforthefusionoperation’sfastrises:money.Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.Hospitalsalsocollecttwotofourtimesasmuch.“Weallcaveintomarketandeconomicforces,”saidDr.EdwardC.Benzel.Thoughdoctors,asarule,shouldfavortheleastcomplicatedtreatment—withsurgerybeingthelastresort—Dr.Benzelestimatedthatfewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.
Doctorsandhospitalsarenottheonlyplayerswithafinancialstakeinfusionoperations.Criticsblamethecompaniesthatmakethehardwareforpromotingmorecomplexfusionswithoutevidencethattheyaresignificantlymoreeffective.Somesortofhardwareisusedinalmost90percentoflower-backfusionsandthenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.
Thehardwaremakersingeneralacknowledgegivingsurgeonsmillionsofdollarsforconsultingandresearches,butsaythemoneypromotestechnicaladvancesthatimprovebackcare.ButalawsuitbroughtbyScottA.Wiese,aformersalesrepresentativeofMedtronic―thebiggestmakerofspinalhardware,accusedthecompanyoftryingtopersuadesurgeonstouseitsproductswithoffersoffirst-classplaneticketstoHawaiiandnightsatthefinesthotels.Medtronicsaiditdidnothingwrong,anditdeniedtheaccusationsinthelawsuit.Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.Federalofficialsdeclinedtocommentontheinvestigation,andMedtronicsaiditwouldvigorouslydefenditself.
Still,betweentheallureofmoneyandthequestforbreakthroughsintreatment,someprominentspinalsurgeonssaythatbackcarehasgoneastray.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthetreatmentofbackpainistrue?
2.Itisimpliedthatdoctors().
3.Thehardwaremakers().
4.ThecompanyMedtronic().
5.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“backcarehasgoneastray”inthelastparagraph?
问题1选项
A.Spinalfusionprovidesabettercurethanothertreatments.
B.Spinalfusionisnogoodtopatientssufferingfrombackpains.
C.Thereislimitedevidenceastowhichtreatmentisbetter.
D.Doctorshavegreatconfidenceinthebenefitsofspinalfusion.
问题2选项
A.tendtochoosethetreatmentthatisconsideredthebestforpatients
B.haveputfinancialinterestsaheadofpatientsinconsiderablecases
C.arelikelytofavormorecomplicatedtreatmenttoimproveskills
D.wishtochangethecurrentsystemunderwhichtheygetpaidfortheirwork
问题3选项
A.haveobtainedenormousprofitsfromtheoperation
B.haveinvestedheavilyintheresearchofnewproducts
C.havehelpeddoctorsandhospitalsgainmoreexperience
D.havesuccessfullyprovedtheeffectivenessoftheirproducts
问题4选项
A.hasadmittedpayingkickbackstosurgeons
B.hasdeniedanyfinancialdealswithsurgeons
C.hasbeensuedforbuyingitsbusinesscompetitor
D.hasbeeninvestigatedbythegovernment
问题5选项
A.Ithasbeenontherighttrack.
B.Ithasbeenawayfromtherighttrack.
C.Ithasofferedanewtreatment.
D.Ithasmovedbacktotradition.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“Butanumberofresearcherssaythereislittlescientificevidencetoshowthatformostpatients,spinalfusionworksanybetterthanasimpleroperation,thelaminectomy.但一些研究人员表示,几乎没有科学证据表明,对大多数患者来说脊柱融合术比更简单的椎板切除术更好。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“脊柱融合术比其他治疗方法有更好的治疗效果。”,与原文不符;B项“脊柱融合术对背痛患者没有好处。”,与原文不符;C项“只有有限的证据表明哪种治疗方法更好。”;D项“医生对脊柱融合术的好处很有信心。”,与原文不符,因此C选项正确。
第2题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“Medicarecanpayasurgeonasmuchasfourtimesmoreforaspinalfusionasforalaminectomy.医疗保险可以为外科医生支付比椎板切除术多四倍的脊柱融合术费用。”以及“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”,可知B项与原文相符。A项“倾向于选择被认为对病人最好的治疗方法”,与原文不符;B项“在相当多的案例中,他们把经济利益置于病人利益之上”;C项“可能会赞成更复杂的治疗来提高技能”,与原文不符;D项“希望改变他们目前的工作报酬制度”,与原文不符,因此B选项正确。
第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段中“...thenationalbillforthehardwarealonehassoaredto$2.5billionayear.……仅在硬件方面,全国每年的支出就飙升至25亿美元。”可知A项与原文相符。A项“已从这个手术中获取了巨大的利润”;B项“已在新产品研究上投入巨资”,与原文不符;C项“已帮助医生和医院获得了更多经验”,与原文不符;D项“已成功地证明了他们产品的有效性”,与原文不符,因此A选项正确。
第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“Butthecompanydisclosedearlierthisyearthatthefederalgovernmentwasinvestigatingchargesthatitpaidillegalkickbackstosurgeons.但该公司今年早些时候披露,联邦政府正在调查其向外科医生支付非法回扣的指控。”可知D项与原文相符。A项“已承认给外科医生回扣”,与原文不符;B项“已否认与外科医生有任何金钱交易”,与原文不符;C项“已因收购其商业竞争对手而被起诉”,与原文不符;D项“已经被政府调查过”,因此D选项正确。
第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段中“...fewerthanhalfofthespinalfusionsdonetodaywereprobablyappropriate.……今天所做的脊柱融合术中可能只有不到一半是合适的。”以及astray有“误入歧途的,离开正道的”意思,可知B项与原文相符。A项“它已在正轨上”;B项“它偏离了正轨”;C项“它已提供一个新的治疗方式”;D项“它已回到传统”,因此B选项正确。
2.单选题
Dave’s______imaginationenableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories.
问题1选项
A.tentative
B.whimsical
C.whining
D.querulous
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项tentative“试验性的,暂定的”,B项whimsical“古怪的,异想天开的”,C项whining是动词whine的现在分词,表示“抱怨,发牢骚”,D项querulous“易怒的,暴躁的”。由后面的enableshimtotellthemostamazingandentertainingstories(能让他讲出最令人惊奇和有趣的故事)可知,______imagination表示“异想天开的想象力”。句意:戴夫异想天开的想象力使他能讲出最令人惊奇和有趣的故事。因此,该题选择B项。
3.单选题
ManysocialobserversinChinaareconcernedthatchildrengrowingupinvillagesawayfromtheirmotherandfatherlackofparentalloveandmayhavetroublebecomingresponsibleadultsastheyentertheirtwenties.
问题1选项
A.areconcernedthat
B.lackofparentallove
C.troublebecoming
D.astheyentertheirtwenties
E.没有错误
【答案】B
【解析】动词误用。Lack后面去掉of。动词lack(缺乏)为及物动词,可以直接作谓语动词,不需要加介词of。
4.单选题
IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.
问题1选项
A.wouldn’tbe
B.wouldn’thavebeen
C.willnotbe
D.wouldhavenotbeen
【答案】A
【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。第一句是虚拟过去时IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=过去时),但第二句thehousingproblemsnow,关键是now,表示现在,时态发生改变。变为错综虚拟条件句,即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情调整。句意:如果美国在1995年为穷人建造更多的住房,现在美国一些地区的住房问题就不会那么严重。本句表示如果以前怎样,那现在的问题就不会那么严重,主句时态用情态动词+现在时。因此A选项正确。
5.翻译题
国画(Chinesepainting)是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法,国画可分为写意派(theXieyiSchool)和工笔派(theGongbiSchool)两大类。写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点;工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史,不同时期的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。
【答案】Chinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartistictraditionsintheworld.Thepaintingisdoneonpaperorsilkwithabrushdippedinblackorcoloredink.Accordingtothemeansofexpression,ChinesepaintingscanbedividedintotwocategorieswhicharetheXieyiSchoolandtheGongbiSchool.TheXieyiSchoolischaracterizedbyfreeexpressionandexaggeratedforms,whiletheGongbiSchoolattachesimportancetodetailwithfinebrushwork.LandscapepaintingiswidelyregardedasthehighestformofChinesepainting.Throughouthistory,theChinesepaintingsatdifferenttimesmirrorpeople'ssocialconsciousnessaccordingly.
6.单选题
Onceyougettoknowyourmistakes,youshould()themassoonaspossible.
问题1选项
A.rectify
B.reclaim
C.refrain
D.reckon
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项rectify“纠正”;B选项reclaim“开拓;回收再利用;改造某人”;C选项refrain“节制,克制;避免;制止”;D选项reckon“测算,估计;认为”。句意:一旦你认识到自己的错误,那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。结合句意,A选项正确。
7.单选题
Theboyseemedmore()totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.
问题1选项
A.reconciled
B.consolidated
C.deteriorated
D.attributed
【答案】A
【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE
固定搭配。reconcileto甘心,接受;attributedto归因于。consolidate和deteriorated为及物动词。句意:在看到祖父母的生活后,这个男孩似乎更能接受他们的贫穷了。选项A符合句意。
8.单选题
Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’s—(
)policies.
问题1选项
A.economical
B.economic
C.economy
D.economics
【答案】B
【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economical“经济的,实惠的,节俭的”;B选项economic“经济上的,经济学的,有利可图的”;C选项economy“经济,经济情况”;D选项economics“经济学”。空格处为形容词作定语修饰名词policies,B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:史密斯博士本人虽然不是经济学家,但长期以来一直严厉批评政府的经济政策。
9.单选题
Upuntilthattime,hisinteresthadfocusedalmost()onfullymasteringthe
skillsandtechniquesofhiscraft.
问题1选项
A.restrictively
B.radically
C.inclusively
D.exclusively
【答案】D
【解析】句意:直到那个时候,他的兴趣几乎只()充分地掌握职业的技能和技巧。再根据题干中almost和fully,可知他只关注掌握他的职业的技能和技巧。A选项restrictively限制性地;B选项radically根本地,彻底地;C选项inclusively包含地;D选项exclusively专有地;排外地。
10.单选题
The()totheCollinsfortunewillbeamillionairewhenMr.Collinsdies.
问题1选项
A.winner
B.heir
C.descendant
D.peer
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。winner“胜利者”;heir“继承人”;descendant“后裔,子孙”;peer“贵族,同龄人”。根据whenMr.Collinsdies可知空格处是“继承人”,选项B符合题意。句意:柯林斯先生去世后,他的继承人将成为百万富翁。
11.单选题
Aftersometimethesecondstageofthespaceshuttle,havingusedupitsfuel,justlikethebooster,separatesand______.
问题1选项
A.runsaway
B.chargesfor
C.fallsoff
D.mergesinto
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项runsaway“逃跑;失控”;B选项chargesfor“索价”;C选项fallsoff“跌落;下降;离开”;D选项mergesinto“并入;结合”。句意:过了一段时间,航天飞机的第二级燃料耗尽,像助推器一样分离并______。根据语境,这里指燃料分离和脱落,C选项fallsoff“跌落;离开”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
12.单选题
Fewpeoplestill______lawyersandpoliticiansmerelybecauseofthepositionstheyhold.
问题1选项
A.venerate
B.revere
C.acclaim
D.accolade
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。A项venerate“崇敬,尊敬”,尤指对被认为神圣或重要的人或事物表示尊敬、崇敬;B项revere“敬畏,尊敬”,指对某人或某事物极为尊敬或钦佩;C项acclaim“称赞,为……喝彩”,D项accolade为名词,表示“赞扬,表扬”。根据句子可知,空格处需要填入一个谓语动词,D项排除。根据句子意思“很少人仍然……律师和政治家,仅仅因为他们所拥有的职位”可知,空格处填入“尊敬”符合,只有B项正确。句意:现在很少有人仅仅因为律师和政客的职位而尊敬他们。因此,该题选择B项。
13.单选题
Whatthefilmcompanyneedsisanactorwhocantakeonanykindsof()roles.
问题1选项
A.diverse
B.versatile
C.variable
D.changeable
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。diverse“不同的,多种多样的”;versatile“多才多艺的”;variable“变化的;可变的”;changeable“易变的;可变的”,根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员,四个选项中能够表示“不同的,多样的”只有diverse,故正确答案为选项A。句意为:这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。
14.单选题
Theworkers'demandare(
);theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.
问题1选项
A.complicated
B.moderate
C.abnormal
D.commercial
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。complicated“复杂的”;moderate“适度的”;abnormal“不正常的”;commercial“商业的”。句意:工人们提出了适度的要求:涨一点工资。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知这种要求是适度的。B项符合题意,答案B
15.单选题
Atthelastcommitteemeeting,themotionthattheclub()openuntilmidnightwasdefeated.
问题1选项
A.remains
B.remain
C.remained
D.wouldremain
【答案】B
【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议,后面要用虚拟语气,谓语动词用should+动词原形,所以本题选B。
16.写作题
Differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabout“future”.Somepeopleunderstanditaspainanddeath;somebelieveitmeanshopeandexpectation;stillothersregarditassomewhereyoureachwithinanhourofsixtyminutes.Whatisyourownideaandhowwouldyousupportit?Writeacompositionaboutitofatleast150words.Youcaneitherusethegiventitle“FUTURE”,ormakesomeslightchangesasyoulike.
【答案】MyFuture17.不定项选择题
测试新增的题干
问题1选项
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
【答案】A
【解析】第1题:测试试题解析
18.单选题
Heseemstobe(
)enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.
问题1选项
A.radiant
B.conscientious
C.conspicuous
D.energetic
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词辨析。radiant意为“光芒四射的,辐射的”;conscientious意为“认真负责的”;conspicuous意为“明显的”;energetic意为“精力充沛的,充满活力的”。
句意:他似乎精力充沛,能够在一小时内爬上山顶。
19.单选题
Theblackhorseis()ofthepair.
问题1选项
A.thestrongest
B.thestronger
C.thestrong
D.quitestrong
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这匹黑马更强壮。
语法题。考查比较级。当要特指两者中“较(更)”时,比较级前通常要带定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one,即定冠词实为修饰被省略的名词或代词one。pair的词义是“一对”或“一双”,即在“两者”中进行比较。因此,此处应该使用thestronger。
20.单选题
Thebuildingcollapsedbecauseitsfoundationwasnotstrongenoughto(
)theweightofthebuilding.
问题1选项
A.idealize
B.subside
C.initiate
D.sustain
【答案】D
【解析】句意:建筑物倒塌是因为它的地基不足以支撑整个建筑物的重量。
考查动词辨析。Idealize使理想化,理想化地描述;subside平息,减弱;initiate开始,发起;sustain支撑,维持,承担。由关键词theweightofthebuilding(建筑物重量)可知D符合句意。
21.单选题
Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.
问题1选项
A.sothat
B.butthat
C.inthat
D.providedthat
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:氢是宇宙的基本元素,因为它提供了其他元素产生的基石。A选项sothat“因此”引导目的状语从句,B选项butthat“要不是”和D选项providedthat“条件是……”引导条件状语从句,均不符合题意。C选项inthat“由于”引导原因状语从句,符合主从句的因果关系。因此C选项正确。
22.单选题
Thisisan____pieceofworkofart,verifiedbyseveralprominentartconnoisseurs.
问题1选项
A.angular
B.ambitious
C.authentic
D.almighty
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A.angular有棱角的;有尖角的B.ambitious费力的;耗资的;耗时的
C.authentic真品的D.almighty全能的
【答案】C
【考查点】语义衔接
【解题思路】原句中,该词修饰的是艺术作品,根据后文“经几位著名的艺术鉴赏家证实”推测,该句表述的是该艺术作品是真品,C选项authentic“真品的”符合前后语义衔接。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。
【句意】这是一件经过几位著名艺术鉴赏家鉴定的真品。
23.单选题
Themoneyspentonmedicalinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___tenyearsago.
问题1选项
A.muchmore
B.asmuchas
C.thatasmuchofthat
D.asmuchasthatof
【答案】B
【解析】考查平行结构。平行结构指and,but,aswellas,or,orelse,both...and,neither…nor,either…or,notonly…but(also),asmuchas等并列连词连接两个对等的词或者对等的结构:1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致,2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致,3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致;整个题干有省略的部分,把句子展开Themoneyspentonsocialinsurancelastyearwasfourtimes___thatspentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago.句意:去年花在社会保险上的钱是十年前花在社会保险上的四倍,即可以看出句子中的平行结构themoney与省略的that平行,spentonsocialinsurancelastyear与省略的spentonsocialinsurancetenyearsago平行。A选项:muchmore后边接多音节形容词或者副词,也能接可数名词复数或者不可数名词,more是much或者many的比较级,代入后不符合题干;C,D选项代入后可以看到that重复,破坏平行结构;B选项代入后符合平行结构。因此B选项正确。
24.单选题
Writingisaslowprocess,requiring(
)thought,time,andeffort.
问题1选项
A.significant
B.enormous
C.considerable
D.numerous
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。significant“有重大意义的,显著的”;enormous“巨大的,庞大的”;considerable“相当多(或大、重要等)的”;numerous“众多的,许多的”一般用来修饰可数名词。句意:写作是一个缓慢的过程,需要大量的思考、时间和努力。根据题干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C项符合题意。因此答案选C。
25.单选题
In1979theCatholicChurchfinallyforgivesGalileoforclaimingthattheEarthandotherplanetrevolvedaroundthesun.In1633theexaminersattheMinervaChurchinRomehadfoundGalileoguiltyofheresy,spreadingfalsebeliefs.
Galileowassixty-eightyearsoldatthetimeofhistrialandwasill.Aftertwodaysofcontinuousquestioningandthetreatoftorture,Galileo,confessedtoheresyandkneeledbeforetheexaminers,sayingforalltoherethathistheorieshadbeenwrong.ThejudgecouldhavehadGalileoburnedatthestakeforhisbeliefs,butbecausehehadconfessed,theywerelenientwiththeastronomer.Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.
ForyearGalileohadbelievedthatearliertheorythatthestartrevolvedaroundtheEarth,wasincorrect,buthekeptoutofrespectfortheChurch.Hehadneverfinishedhisuniversitystudiesinmathematicsbecausehehadrunoutofmoney,buthisbrilliantworkasastudentallowedhimtoteach.Heprovedheuniformeffectofgravityinseriesofbrilliantcalculations,forexample,notbydroppingafeatherandacannonballfromtheLearningTowerofPisa,hishomecity,asiscommonlythought.
In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.Usingthetelescopetotesthismathematicalcalculations,healsodiscoveredJupiter’smoons,thefeaturesofEarth’smoon,andthestructureoftheMilkyWay.Butwhilewatchingthemovementofsunspots,hebecameconvinced,onceandforall,thattheearlierastronomer,Copernicus,wasright:theEarthandotherplanetsorbitedaroundthesun.TheEarthwanoneofmanyplanets,andnotthecenteroftheuniverse.GalileobegantopressforpermissionfromChurchtowriteabouthistheoriesoftheworldandin1642hereceivedpermission.
Hisgreatestbook,contrastingthetwosystems,waswrittenandpublishedeightyearslater.DialogueConcerningtheTwoWorldSystemswasquicklyseenasalandmarkscientificwork,bothforitsideasanditsfluewriting.ButtheChurchmeantimehaditsownproblemswiththeProtestantReformation.ChurchleadersnowconsideredGalileo’sworkdangerousandrevolutionary.A"document"wasfoundthatcontradictedthepermissionGalileothoughhehadobtainedtowriteabouthistheories.Galileowasthenarrestedandplacedbeforetheinquisition.Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome.Heretainedconvincedthathehadalwaysbeenfight.
Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.ThefindingsofthejudgesatGalileo'strialwerenotreversed,eventhoughtheirprecisefindinghadbeenthattheastronomerwas"Vehementlysuspectofheresy."Thefindingsofanyinquisition,eventheGalileocourtaswellasnotoriousSpanishInquisition―mustbeflowedtostand,atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy.Butin1979,PopeJohnPauladdressedtheAugustPontificalScienceAcademyintheVaticanandofferedapologytoGalileo:"ThegreatnessofGalileo,likethatofEinstein,isknowntoall.Buttheformerhadtosuffergreatly;wecannothideit,fromChurchinstitutionsandmen."
Thepurposeofthispassageisto(
).
Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat
(
).
Thepassagesuggeststhat
(
).
Theauthor’stoneis(
).
问题1选项
A.discusswhytheCatholicChurchpersecutedGalileo
B.provideashortbiographyofGalileo
C.discussthetwotheoriesofthesolarsystem
D.showhowsciencehasprogressedoverthelastthreehundredyears
问题2选项
A.Galileowasheldprisonerinhishomefornineyears.
B.theCatholicChurchhasnotacceptedGalileo'stheoryofthesolarsystem.
C.Galileoinventedthetelescope.
D.theProtestantsconductedtheInquisition.
问题3选项
A.theCatholicChurchstillbelieverstheEarthisthecenteroftheuniverse.
B.Galileo'stheoryhasbeenprovedincorrectinmodemtimes.
C.theInquisitionseldomdealtharshlywithpeoplewhocamebeforeit.
D.theCatholicChurchwasmoreconcernedwithmaintainingthestatusquointhe17thcenturythanthetruthaboutGalileo'stheory.
问题4选项
A.negative
B.objective
C.sarcastic
D.satirical
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:A
第3题:D
第4题:B
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了伽利略为“日心说”做出的努力以及遭受的追害,所以B选项“对伽利略的人生经历进行了简要的介绍”正确;A选项“讨论天主教迫害伽利略的原因”是对文章细节的表述;C选项“对两种不同的太阳系理论进行讨论”和D选项“表明在过去的三百年中科学是怎样发展的”没有在文章中提及。
细节事实题。根据文章第一段和第二段第四句“Theysentencedhimtoanunlimitedterminprison,butquicklychangedthesentencetohousearrestinhisownhome,effectivelyendingGalileo’steachingcareer.”“他们将其判以终生监禁,但很快就改判为软禁家中,如此结束了伽利略的教学生涯”可知伽利略于1633年被软禁在家中,然后根据文章第五段的倒数第二句“Galileodiedin1642,blindandstillimprisonedinhisownhome”“伽利略于1642年在家中与世长辞,那时他仍处在软禁期间”可知伽利略被软禁在自己家中长达9年,所以A选项正确。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后,天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定B选项“天主教没有接受伽利略的日心说”表述错误;根据第四段第一句“In1606,though,Galileolearnedoftheinventionofthetelescope:heredesignedandimprovedhisowntelescopeinoneday.”确定C选项“伽利略发明了望远镜’错误;D选项“新教徒执行审讯”没有在文章中提及。
细节事实题。根据文章第六段第一句“Thechurch345yearslater,finallyagreedthathehadbeencorrect.”“345年后,天主教终于承认伽利略日心说的正确性”确定A选项“天主教仍然相信地球是宇宙的中心”错误;B选项“在现代,伽利略的理论被证明是错误的”没有在文章中体现并且根据常识也可以判断该选项是错误的;根据文章最后一段第三句“...atleastpartlybecausetheirfindingsoftenresultedindeathsentencesforpeopleaccusedofheresy”“部分原因是因为那些被指控为异端邪说的人最终都被判以死刑”确定C选项“审讯很少对被指控的人处以残酷的刑罚”表示错误;根据文章对伽利略经历的介绍可知在17世纪时天主教为了维护现状,不承认伽利略的理论,所以D选项正确。
观点态度题。作者客观地介绍了伽利略为“日心说”所付出的努力和天主教的态度和做法,所以B选项“客观的”正确。
26.单选题
Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.
问题1选项
A.advancement
B.acquisition
C.announcement
D.acknowledgement
【答案】D
【解析】【选项释义】
A.advancement促进;推动B.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得;得到
C.announcement(指行动)宣布;宣告D.acknowledgement(对事实、现实、存在的)承认;感谢;谢礼
【答案】D
【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】句意:约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号,以……他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑,是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号,这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。
【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。
【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号,以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。
27.单选题
12.
问题1选项
A.Hewasunhappy.
B.Hewasfeelingabitunwell.
C.Hewenttoseethedoctor.
D.Theweatherwasnasty.
【答案】B
【解析】W:Whydidn’tyoucometoworkyesterday?
M:Iwasfeelingalittleundertheweather.
W:Didyougotoseethedoc?
M:No,nothingserious.
Q:Whydidn’tthemangotoworkyesterday?
【解析】固定词组。男士说:Iwasfeelingalittleundertheweather,即他没去上班是因为身体不适。
28.单选题
(
)muchhasbeenknownaboutmammarycancer,theprecisewaytocureofitstillremainslargelyintherealmoftesting.
问题1选项
A.While
B.Since
C.Because
D.When
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。while在这里的意思为“尽管”;since“因为;由于,既然”,because“因为”;when“当……”。根据句子意思推断选项A最符合题意。句意为:尽管我们对于乳腺癌了解很多,但是关于治疗的最精准的方法仍处于测试阶段。
29.单选题
ThepresentcontractisdoneinChineseandEnglish,bothtextsbeingequally(
).
问题1选项
A.valid
B.warrant
C.ration
D.effect
【答案】A
【解析】valid正当的,合法的,有效的;warrant根据,证明,委任状;ration定量,配给量;effect影响,效果,作用。句意:本合同有中英文两个版本,它们具有同等效力。选项A符合句意。
30.单选题
Thistypeofchair,easily____orfoldedaway,isidealforuseinthegarden.
问题1选项
A.putout
B.putin
C.putup
D.putforth
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A.putout熄灭B.putin投入(时间或精力)
C.putup使物体直立起来D.putforth提出
【答案】C
【考查点】词组辨析与语义衔接
【解题思路】空格处所填短语的主语为“这种类型的椅子”,并且该短语与后文“折叠起来”并列,因此,C选项putup“使物体直立起来”与原句语义衔接最紧密,指的是把折叠椅打开摆放。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与原句语义衔接不当。
【句意】这种椅子易于摆放或折叠,非常适合在花园里使用。
31.单选题
Whenwethinkofcreativepeople,thenamesthatprobablyspringtomindarethoseofmensuchasLeonardodaVinci,AlbertEinstein,andPabloPicasso,i.e.greatartists,inventorsandscientists—aselectandexceptionallygiftedbodyofmenwithraretalentandgenius.Thetendencytoregardcreativityandimaginativethinkingastheexclusiveprovinceofaluckyfewdisregardthecreativeandimaginativeaspectsinherentinthesolutionofmanyofthetasksweregularlyhavetoface—thediscoveryanddevelopmentofnewmethodsandtechniques,theimprovementofoldmethods,existinginventionsandproducts.
Everyonehascreativeabilitytosomeextent.Creativethinkinginvolvesposingoneselfaproblemandthenfindingasolutionalongnewandunconventionallines.Itinvolvesdrawingnewcomparisons,discoveringnewcombinations,and/ornewapplicationsofthingsthatarealreadyknown.Itfollows,then,thatacreativepersonwillexhibitgreatintellectualcuriosityandimagination.Hewillbealertandobservantwithagreatstoreofinformationwhichhewillbeabletosortoutandcombine,inthesolutionofproblems.Hewillbeemotionallyreceptivetonewandunconventionalideasandwillbelessinterestedinfactsthanintheirimplications.Mostimportantofall,hewillbeabletocommunicatefreelyandwillnotbetooconcernedaboutotherpeople’sreactiontohisapparently“crazy”ideas.PeoplecalledtheWrightbrothersmadbutitdidnotstopthemfrombecomingthefirstmentoconstructandflyaheavier-than-aircraft.
1.Theauthorbelievesthatcreativethinking().
2.Creativethinkinginvolves().
3.Acreativepersonmustlookatfacts().
4.Inordertosolvescientificproblems,peopleshould().
问题1选项
A.isonlypossessedbygreatartists
B.requiresraretalentandgenius
C.isneededinsolvingmanyproblems
D.belongstoafewluckypeople
问题2选项
A.facingtheproblemandfindingasolution
B.observingtheactionsofgreatpeople
C.drawingnewpicturesofoldthings
D.discoveringnewemotions
问题3选项
A.fortheirfacevalue
B.forwhattheyimply
C.andrememberthem
D.whicharelessinteresting
问题4选项
A.notbeafraidofothers’opinions
B.beascrazyaspossible
C.possessstrangenotions
D.havemorefreedom
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.根据第二段第二句“Creativethinkinginvolvesposingoneselfaproblemandthenfindingasolutionalongnewandunconventionallines.”创造性思维需要给自己提出一个问题,然后沿着新的、非常规的路线找到解决方案。所以选项C符合原文。
2.根据第二段第二句“Itinvolvesdrawingnewcomparisons,discoveringnewcombinations,and/ornewapplicationsofthingsthatarealreadyknown.”创造性思维需要对一些事物重新进行比较,发现新的结合点以及已知事物新的应用方法。也就是推陈出新,所以选项C正确。
3.根据第二段倒数第三句“Hewillbeemotionallyreceptivetonewandunconventionalideasandwillbelessinterestedinfactsthanintheirimplications.”有创造力的人会在情感上接受新的和非传统的想法,对事实所暗示的东西兴趣更大,而不是事实本身。选项B符合原文。
4.根据第二段倒数第二句“Mostimportantofall,hewillbeabletocommunicatefreelyandwillnotbetooconcernedaboutotherpeople’sreactiontohisapparently“crazy”ideas.”最重要的是,有创造力的人能够自由交流,不会太在意别人对他的“疯狂”想法的反应。也就是说,不要害怕别人对自己的看法,所以选项A符合原文。
32.单选题
13.
问题1选项
A.Youmayfindmanyofthemonthebookseller’shelves.
B.Youcanbuyitfromalmosteverybookstore.
C.It’saverypopularmagazine.
D.Itdoesn’tsellverywell.
【答案】C
【解析】M:HaveyouheardofthemagazineTheWorldofEnglish?
W:Ofcourse.ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves.
Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutTheWorldofEnglish?
【解析】固定词组。女士说:ItisoneofmanyEnglishmagazinesthatarenowflyingoffbooksellershelves,即WorldofEnglish是热销英语杂志之一。
33.单选题
AldousHuxleywasamostunfortunateman.Whenhediedin1963hemusthaveexpiredintheconfidentbeliefthattheeventwouldbegivenwidecoverageinthepressthenextday.Afterall,hiscareerhadnotbeenwithoutdistinction.WherehemadehisbigmistakewasindyingonthesamedaythatJohnF.Kennedywasassassinated.AsaresultHuxleygotaboutthreecolumninchesatthebottomofpage27.
InthesamewaythedeathofVictorFarrishasgonewidelyunnoticedbecausehefoolishlyshuffledoffthismortalcoilatthesametimeasMr.KonstantinCherenkov.Now,asyouallknow,VictorFarriswasthechapwhoinventedthepaperclip,thepapermilkcartontoo.AndpaperclipsandmilkcartonswillbeinuselongaftereveryonehasforgottenthenameofthecomradewhocamebetweenAndropovandwhateverthisnewblokeiscalled.
ThesamegoesfortheinventorofthesupermarkettrolleywhodiedinSwitzerlandafewmonthsago.Felloffhistrolley,sotospeak.Foralliknow,hemaybeahouseholdnameinhisowncantonandtheyareputtingupastatueofhomewheelinghistrolley,andaregoingtocommemoratehimononeofthoseever-so-tastefulSwisspostagestampsweusedtocollectwhenwewereyoungerandwiser,butIdoubtifhisnamewillberememberedoutsidethebordersofhissmallcountry.Personallyiforgotitwithinminutesofreadingofhisdecease.
Notthatitmatters.Somehowitishardtoimaginethingslikepaperclipsandsupermarkettrolleyshavinghadanamedinventor.It’s
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