考研考博-英语-内蒙古财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内蒙古财经大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

IthinkKimwouldbegreatforthejob.Herworkrecordis（）.

问题1选项

A.impeccable

B.enriched

C.rudimentary

D.tarnished

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：我认为Kim可以胜任这份工作。她的工作记录是（）。

impeccable无瑕疵的，没有缺点的；enriched浓缩的，强化的；rudimentary基本的，残遗的

未发展的；tarnished生锈的，有污点的。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Theencouragingfactoristhatthe（

）majorityofpeoplefindtheideaofchangeacceptable.

问题1选项

A.numerous

B.vast

C.most

D.massive

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。thevastmajorityof指“绝大部分，绝大多数”。选项B正确。

3.单选题

Atallagesandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone.“Wearelargelytheplaythingsofourfears,”wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyearsago.“Toone,fearofthedark;toanother,ofphysicalpain;toathird,ofpublicridicule;toafourth,ofpoverty;toafifth,ofloneliness—forallofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace.”

Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysicalchangesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken;yourpupilsexpandtoadmitmorelight;largequantitiesofenergy-producingadrenaline（肾上激素）arepouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-savingflight（逃离）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.

Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstratethat,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosuddenfear-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbedmaycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.

Further,psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafatherwhoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimaginationandcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel,Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthisownabilitytosolveproblem.

Phil’sdad,however,spentmostofhistimetryingtoprotecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremainedunhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause“thecarmightbreakdown.”Growingupinsuchahome?Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

1.InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto（）.

2.Fearcanbeausefulemotiontousbecauseitcan（）.

3.Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen（）.

4.Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat（）.

5.Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour（）.

问题1选项

A.fearofsomething

B.afiercebeast

C.physicalpain

D.publicridicule

问题2选项

A.stimulatemanyphysicalchangeswithinourbody

B.quickenourheartbeatandresponses

C.pourlargequantitiesofadrenalineintoourbloodstream

D.helpusrespondquicklytodangerandprotectourselves

问题3选项

A.thedangeristhoughtgreaterthanitreallyis

B.thedangerismorepsychologicalthanphysical

C.onecannotstandthedanger

D.oneisnotwellpreparedforit

问题4选项

A.somepeopleareinherentlymoreeasilyaffectedbydanger

B.people'sresponsetostimuliisnotaninheritedfeature

C.somepeopleseemtobeverysensitivetonoise

D.peoplesometimesseemtoturnadeafeartonoise

问题5选项

A.homeeducation

B.schooleducation

C.parents'lifestyle

D.earlyexperiences

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据上文提到的，恐惧对每个人来说几乎都是一个问题，每个人害怕的事物不一样，所以这里提到的我们这些特殊的生物是指对某种事物感到害怕。选项A正确，选项B,C,D都是指某一类人害怕的东西，不能以偏概全，所以错误。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，恐惧是一种有用的情感是因为它能帮助我们面对危险时快速做出反应并自我保护。选项D符合原文。其他选项都只涉及生理反应而忽略了心理反应，太片面。

3.根据第二段的最后一句“Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathandthatitbecomesaproblem.”只有当恐惧与眼前的危险不成比例时，它才会成为一个问题。也就是说，当危险被认为比实际上更大时，恐惧就会成为一个问题。选项A正确。

4.根据第三段第一句“Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerabletofearthanothers.”有些人只是比其他人更容易受到恐惧的影响。以及第三段的最后一句“Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.”从出生开始，他或她更容易学习恐惧的反应，因为他或她遗传了一种更敏感的倾向。选项A符合原文。

5.根据第四段的第一句“psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”可知选项D正确。

4.单选题

LinesoflatituderunhorizontallyandareparalleltotheEquatorandlinesoflongituderunvertically.They（

）attheNorthandSouthPoles.

问题1选项

A.converge

B.convoke

C.convoy

D.convulse

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意‘纬线水平平行于赤道和经线相垂直。它们在南北两极聚集。’可知这里是说经线和纬线的位置，根据常识可知经线和纬线相互垂直，在南极和北极两个地方是聚集的，A选项converge"聚集，靠拢”；B选项convoke“召集”；C选项convoy“护送”；D选项convulse“震撼”。根据句意确定A选项正确。

5.单选题

Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery（

）ofhismoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.thrifty

C.frugal

D.careful

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:虽然他已经很富有了，但是他仍十分节俭。

economic经济的；thrifty节俭的，通常与with连用，例如bethriftywithmoney节约用钱；frugal节俭，通常与of连用，例如befrugalofone’smoney节约用钱;careful小心的。故选C。

6.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答：

1.no改为not

2.place改为land

3.started改为start

4.working改为work

5.Anyone改为Everyone

6.but去掉

7.before改为after

8.But改为And

9.it改为they

10.housethe中间加入as

【解析】1.【解题思路】no是形容词，后面要跟名词，sweet是形容词，所以要用副词not修饰，故把no改为not。

2.【解题思路】该句意思是“是找一块地，为家人盖一所房子”，而place表示“地方”，指某个位置或地点，不和apieceof（一块）搭配，所以要把place改为land。

3.【解题思路】started和前面的find与build都是并列动词，放在不定式to的后面，所以started要用原形start。

4.【解题思路】working和前面的live是并列动词，live用的原形，所以working同样要用动词原形work。

5.【解题思路】Anyone多用于否定句或疑问句中，此处是肯定句，所以要把Anyone改为Everyone。

6.【解题思路】这一句的句首用了although表示让步，那么后面不需要再用but表示转折，英语中although和but不能出现在同一个句子中，所以把but去掉。

7.【解题思路】根据关键信息WhenU.Ssoldierscamehome（当美国士兵回国时）可知，这是发生在二战之后，而不是之前，所以要把before改为after。

8.【解题思路】But表示前后句意是转折关系，前文说“美国士兵回国时梦想着买房子，组建家庭”，后文说“住宅建设出现了巨大的繁荣”，前后文明显是递进关系，所以要把but改为and。

9.【解题思路】it指代的是前面提到的Thenewhouses（新房子），是复数，所以it也要改为表示复数的代词they。

10.【解题思路】regard…as是固定搭配，表示“把……看作是”，所以要在house后面加上介词as。

7.单选题

Inthegloriouslyhotsummerofnineteenfourteen,themurderofAustria-HungarianArchdukeinanobscurepartoftheBalkansprovidedthesparkwhichsetEuropeablaze.

问题1选项

A.indistinct

B.unfriendly

C.imprecise

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项indistinct“模糊的，不清楚的”；B选项unfriendly“不友好的；不利的”；C选项imprecise“不精确的；不严密的”；D选项unknown“无名的；陌生的”。句意：在1914年那个炎热的夏天，在巴尔干半岛一个……的地方发生的奥匈帝国大公被杀事件点燃了欧洲的战火。obscure是用来形容一个大块区域的某个小地方。A，C选项一般用来形容事物，B选项一般用来形容人。因此D选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Hesaiditwouldnotbeallthatdifficulttoreachapeacefulconclusiontothe（）.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.dilemma

C.prejudice

D.conflict

【答案】D

【解析】paradox似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的话；dilemma困境，进退两难；prejudice偏见，成见；conflict冲突，争执，矛盾。句意：他说并不是所有的冲突都很难达成和平解决的共识。选项D符合句意。

9.单选题

Thepreciousmanuscriptswerehopelessly（）bylongexposureinthecold,dampcellar.

问题1选项

A.damaged

B.destroyed

C.harmed

D.mined

【答案】B

【解析】damage主要指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可修复；destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复；harm主要用于有生命的东西,偶尔也用于无生命的事物,常指伤及一个人或其健康、权利、事业等；mine指开采,不符合句意。通过“hopelessly”可知毁坏程度大,无法修复,所以选项B更恰当。

10.单选题

Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision

问题1选项

A.resume

B.presume

C.assume

D.consume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项resume“重新开始，恢复，继续”；B选项presume“假设，冒昧，擅自主张”；C选项assume“假定，认为，承担”；D选项consume“消耗，消费”。根据转折词Instead后面的内容可知B选项符合语义。句意：我将不会擅自干涉。相反，我让我的学生们自己做决定。

11.单选题

Histestimonyisofno____tothecase.

问题1选项

A.relevance

B.relation

C.substance

D.connection

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.relevance相关性B.relation关系

C.substance根据D.connection关联

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析

【解题思路】原句句意为“他的证词与此案没有____”，根据选项推测，原句想表达的是“没有关系；不相关”，即他的证词与这个案件不相关，对这个案件没有帮助，A选项relevance“相关性”，最符合要求。某物与某一情境的相关性（relevance）是指它对该情境的重要性或意义。

【干扰项排除】

B选项relation“关系”，侧重于指两者之间的关系，比如艺术与生活之间的关系；

C选项substance“根据”，不符合原句语义衔接；

D选项connection“关联”，与relation相似，侧重于指两者之间的关系。

【句意】他的证词与此案并不相关。

12.单选题

Anewtechnique（），theyieldsasawholeincreasedby20percent.

问题1选项

A.workingout

B.hadbeenworkedout

C.havingbeenworkedout

D.havingworkedout

【答案】C

【解析】句意:因为新技术已经解决，所以，整体的产量增长了20%。

语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后半句结构已经完整，因此前半句应用非谓语动词。此外，anewtechnique和workout之间是被动关系，因此，此处应该是过去分词做状语。因此C项正确。

13.单选题

MostpeopledonotknowthatJulietteGordonLow,thefounderoftheGirlScoutsofAmerica,wasdeaf.Shebegantoloseherhearingwhenshewas17,andbecamealmosttotallydeafinheradulthood.

JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetingsandwasveryimpressedbecausethegirlsacquiredmanyusefulskills.Theylearnedhowtocook,knit,tieknotsandgivefirstaid.Theyalsolearnedaboutthehistoryoftheflag.Moreover,theydevelopedimportantsocialskillsastheylearnedhowtoworktogether.Juliettethoughtthatgirlseverywhereshouldhavethisopportunity,soshedecidedtoorganizemoretroops.

JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland.Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.However,Juliettewasaverydeterminedwoman.Whenthewomenrefused,shewouldpretendthatshedidn'tunderstandwhattheysaid.Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.

Juliettealwayspersevereduntilshemotivatedotherstohelpherwithhergoals.OneencounterthatrequiredherpersistencehappenedwhileshewasinScotland.Shewaswalkingalongaroadonedaywhenshecametoastream.Theonlywayacrossthestreamwasbyafootlog,andJuliettewasafraidtocrossitalone.Shewaswonderingwhattodowhenshesawapeddlercomingdowntheroad.Shetoldthepeddlertogoacrossthebridgefirst,andshewouldfollowwithherhandonhisshoulder.Althoughthepeddlerstartedtoprotest,herstubborninsistenceagainpaidoff.Hereluctantlyledheracrossthefootbridge.Oncetheyweresafelyontheotherside,thepeddlerexplainedtoherthathewasblind!

WhenJuliettecamebacktoAmericaforavisit,shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms.

In1913,theGirlGuideschangeditsnametotheGirlScouts.JulietteLowcamebacktoSavannahthatsameyear.ShedecidedthatthereshouldbeGirlScouttroopsallovertheUnitedStates,sosheworkedtowardthatgoal.ThefirstnationalGirlScoutconventionwasheldinWashingtonD.C,onJune10,1915.

JuliettediedinSavannahonJanuary17,1927.Thankstoher,therearenowGirlScoutsallovertheworld.Juliette'shomeinSavannahisanationalGirlScoutcenter.

"Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities.”Thissentencemeans（

）.

1.Themainideaofthispassagecanbestbestatedas

（

）.

2.“...JuliettestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsin3.Savannah.”Fromthisstatementwecanassumethat

（

）.

4.Juliettedidthingsinthisorder:

（

）.

5.Afterreadingthepassage,wecanassumethat（

）.

问题1选项

A.thewomenwereeagertohelpherstartGirlGuidestroops

B.thewomenwantedtohelp,buthadsomethingduethattheyneededtoworkon

C.thewomenwereinchargeofotherfamilies

D.thewomendidn'twanttohelpherbecausetheyweretoobusywiththeirfamilies

问题2选项

A.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,useddeterminationandpersistencetostartGirlScouttroopsallovertheworld

B.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,wasverypushyandalwaysgotwhatshewanted

C.JulietteLow,adeafwoman,traveledtomanydifferentplacesinherlifetimebutendedupbackinSavannah

D.withoutJuliette,theGirlScoutswouldstillonlyBritishphenomenon.

问题3选项

A.JuliettelikedtheuniformstheGirlGuideswore

B.otherpeoplesetuptheirowntroopsbecausetheywerejealousofJuliette

C.Juliettehelpedtostartallsixofthesetroops

D.thegirlsinthefirsttrooparguedandhadtobeseparatedintosixdifferenttroops

问题4选项

A.wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

B.watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,wenttoEngland,marriedWilliam,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

C.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings.

D.marriedWilliam,wenttoEngland,watchedtheGirlGuidesmeetings,organizedherownGirlGuidestroops.

问题5选项

A.Juliettehadtoworkbecauseherhusbanddidn'tmakeenoughmoney

B.Julietteenjoyedbeingbusyandhelpingothers

C.JuliettewantedtobeaGirlGuideherself,butshewastooold

D.Juliette'shusbanddidn'tapproveofherinvolvementinthisassociation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。bereluctantto意为“不愿意，不情愿”，dueto意为“由于”。由文章第三段中的Sinceshecouldnotdoalltheworkherself,shehadtoaskotherwomentohelpher.Sometimesthewomenwerereluctanttogivetheirtimeduetofamilyresponsibilities...Asaresult,thewomenhelpedherinspiteofbeingbusy.（由于她不能自己做所有的工作，所以她不得不请其他妇女帮助她。有时，由于家庭责任，这些妇女不愿意花时间……结果，尽管很忙，妇女们还是帮助了她）可知A选项说法不正确，这些妇女刚开始的时候并不乐意帮助她，B选项与duetofamilyresponsibilities不符，故排除，C选项在文中没有提及，故排除，因此选D。

2.主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了JulietteLow虽然耳朵听不到，但她一直为在世界各地建立女童子军坚持不懈地努力，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第五段中的shestartedthefirstGirlGuidestroopinthecountryinherhometown,Savannah.BythetimeshewentbacktoEnglandsixmonthslater,thereweresixGirlGuidetroopsinSavannah.（她在家乡萨凡纳组建了第一支女童子军。六个月后，当她回到英国时，萨凡纳有六支女童子军）可知C选项说法不正确，Juliette只组建了一支女童子军，故排除；A选项文中没有提及，故排除；在根据后面的Atthattime,thegirlseachmadetheirownuniforms（那时，女孩们各自制作了自己的制服）可知D选项“第一个女童子军团的女孩因争论，不得不分成六支军团”最为恰当。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的JuliettemarriedWilliamMackayLowandtheywenttoEnglandtolive.JuliettebecameinterestedintheGirlGuidesAssociationthere.Sheobservedtheirmeetings和第三段中的JulietteorganizedseveralGirlGuidestroopsinbothEnglandandScotland内容可知Juliette先是嫁给了William，然后再去的英国，在那里她对GirlGuidesAssociation产生了兴趣并仔细观察她们的会议，最后她组建了自己的女童子军，因此选D。

5.推理判断题。文章中只提到了Juliette耳朵听不到，嫁给了William，就没有Juliette的其他信息，故排除A、D，C选项文章也没有提及，只能通过Juliette为建立女童子军所做的努力，推测她是一个乐于助人的人，因此选B。

14.单选题

（）IrealizedthatIhadleftmybriefcaseinthetaxi!

问题1选项

A.Atalltime

B.Timeaftertime

C.Allofasudden

D.Onceforall

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。atalltime“总是，随时，常常”；timeaftertime“不断地，反复”；allofasudden“突然地，出乎意料地”；onceforall“彻底地，一劳永逸地”。句意：突然我意识到我把公文包落在出租车上了。C项符合句意。

15.单选题

ArecenthistoryoftheChicagomeat-packingindustryanditsworkersexamineshowtheindustrygrewfromitsappearanceinthe1830sthroughtheearly1890s.Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious.Becausethehistorymaintainsthatconditionswereabovestandardfortheera,thefrequencyoflabordisputes,especiallyinthemid-1880s,isnotaccountedfor.Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform.

Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork.ThegovernmentinvestigationcommissionedbyPresidentTheodoreRooseveltwhicheventuallyledtotheadoptionofthe1906MeatInspectionActfoundthepacking-housesunsanitary,whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked.

Thehistorymaybetoooptimisticbecausemostofitsdatafromthe1880sandtheinformationprovidedfromthatdecadeareinsufficientlyanalyzed.Conditionsactuallydeclinedinthe1880sandcontinuedtodeclineafterthe1880s,duetoareorganizationofthepackingprocessandamassiveinfluxofunskilledworkers.Thedeteriorationinworkerstatus,partlyaresultofthenewavailabilityofunskilledandhencecheaplabor,isnotdiscussed.Thoughadetailedaccountofworkinthepacking-housesisattempted,theauthorfailstodistinguishbetweenthewagesandconditionsforskilledworkersandforthoseunskilledlaborerswhocomprisedthemajorityoftheindustry’sworkersfromthe1880son.Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess(thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent),payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched.Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations.

Theprideandcontentmenttheauthorremarksuponwere,arguably,lesstheproductsoftheindustrialworldofthepackers——thegiantyardsandtheintricateplantsthanoftheunityandvibrancy(活跃)oftheethnicculturesthatformedaviablecommunityonChicago’sSouthSide.Indeed,thestrengthofthiscommunitysucceededingeneratingasocialmovementthateffectivelyconfrontedtheproblemsoftheindustrythatprovideditslivelihood.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing（）.

2.Theauthorofthepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdescribingnegativeconditionsinthemeat-packingindustryEXCEPT（）.

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionsthe“socialmovement”(inthelastparagraph)generatedbyChicago’sSouthSidecommunityprimarilyinorderto（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,theworkingconditionsofskilledworkersinthemeat-packingindustryduringthe1880swereinfluencedby（）.

5.Theauthorofthepassageusesthesecondparagraphto（）.

问题1选项

A.howhistoriansoughttoexplaintheoriginsoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

B.whyitisdifficulttodeterminetheactualnatureoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustry

C.whyaparticularaccountoftheconditionsintheChicagomeat-packingindustryisinaccurate

D.whatoughttobeincludedinanyaccountoftheChicagomeat-packers’roleinthenationallabormovement

问题2选项

A.datafromtheUniversityofChicago

B.socialworkers

C.arecenthistoryofthemeat-packingindustry

D.historicalsourcesforthelatenineteenthcentury

问题3选项

A.informthereaderofeventsthatoccurredinthemeat-packingindustryaftertheperiodoftimecoveredbythehistory

B.introduceanewissuedesignedtoelaborateonthegoodrelationshipbetweenthemeat-packersandChicago’sethniccommunities

C.salvagethehistory’spointofviewbysuggestingthattherewerepositivedevelopmentsinthemeat-packingindustryduetoworkerunity

D.suggestthehistory’slimitationsbypointingoutasituationthatthehistoryfailedtoexplainadequately

问题4选项

A.theworkers’determinedcomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsoftheirwork

B.theeffortsofsocialworkerstoimprovesanitationinthepacking-houses

C.theworkers’abilitytoperformtheindustry’scomplextasks

D.improvementsintheindustry’spackingprocessthatoccurredinthe1880s

问题5选项

A.summarizethemainpointofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

B.explainwhythehistorydiscussedinthepassagehasbeendisparagedbycritics

C.evaluatethefindingsofrecentstudiesthatunderminethepremisesofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

D.presentevidencethatisintendedtorefutetheargumentofthehistorydiscussedinthepassage

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers’effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要时期的事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分)以及第三段指出:Theauthor’smisinterpretationoftheoriginsofthefeelingsthemeat-packershadfortheirindustrialneighborhoodmayaccountforthehistory’sfaultygeneralizations(作者对肉类加工商对其工业区的感受的起源的误解，可能是历史错误概括的原因)。因此该文章主要讨论“为何有关芝加哥肉类加工业情况的叙述是错误的”。

2.细节事实题。题干问:本文作者提到以下所有描述肉类包装行业负面状况的内容，除了…。A:来自芝加哥大学的资料,第二段指出:AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(来自芝加哥大学的附加资料表明肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),因此A符合原文所述。B:社会工作者,由第二段中“whilesocialworkersobservedthatmostoftheworkerswerepoorlypaidandoverworked(与此同吋，社会工作者发现大多数工人收入非常差且工作过度)”可知B正确。C:肉类加工业的近代史,第一段指出:Meat-packers,theauthorargues,hadgoodwages,workingconditions,andprospectsforadvancementwithinthepacking-houses,anddidnotcooperatewithlaboragitatorssincelaborrelationsweresoharmonious(作者（即近代史的作者）辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦),因此C项错误。D:第二段指出:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死率),由此可知D正确。因此本题选C。

3.判断推理题。第一段指出:Theworkignoresthefactthatthe1880swerecrucialyearsinAmericanlaborhistory,andthatthepacking-houseworkers5effortswerepartofthenationalmovementforlaborreform(这个作品忽视了十九世纪八十年代是美国劳工历史上重要吋期的这个事实和肉类加工工人的努力是美国全国性劳工改革运动的一部分),故选D“通过指出这段历史记录未能适当地解释的一种情况表现这段历史记录的局限性”。

4.细节事实题。第三段指出:Whileconditionsfortheformerwerearguablytolerableduetothestrategicimportanceofskilledworkersinthecomplicatedslaughtering,cutting,andpackingprocess（thoughworkercomplaintsabouttherateandconditionsofworkwerefrequent）,payandconditionsforthelatterwerewretched(虽然前者（即有技能的肉类加工工人）的状况因其在复杂的屠宰、切割和包装步骤中的关键重要性可能是可容忍的（尽管工人经常抱怨工作的速度和条件），但是后者的（即没有技能的肉类加工工人）的收入和状况却是无法容忍的),因此C项“这些工人去履行这个行业复杂工作的能力”正确。

5.判断推理题。第一段首先指出近代史的作者辩称，肉类加工工人的工资待遇、工资条件和发展前景都不错，且肉类加工工人没有与劳工纠纷鼓动者合作的原因是该行业的劳工关系非常和睦。第二段说:Infact,otherhistoricalsourcesforthelate-nineteenthcenturyrecorddeterioratinghousingandhighdiseaseandinfantmortalityratesintheindustrialcommunity,duetolowwagesandunhealthyworkingconditions.AdditionaldatafromtheUniversityofChicagosuggestthatthepacking-housesweredangerousplacestowork(事实上，其它针对十九世纪晚期的历史资料记录了由于低工资和不健康的工作环境导致的工业区内住房的不断恶化、高患病率和婴儿死亡率。来自芝加哥大学的附加资料暗示肉类加工厂的工作环境是危险的),由此看出第二段是对第一段内容的反驳。故选D“提出证据来反驳文中讨论的这段历史记录的论据”。

16.单选题

Atthenews,thedemonstratorswhohadputtheforeigngoodsunderaboycottforseveralmonthsprotestedbut（）.

问题1选项

A.tonaught

B.tonothing

C.tonoavail

D.tovoid

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:naught“无价值”；B:nothing“无”；C:noavail“无效”；D:void“空虚，空间”。句意：新闻中那些连续几个月联合抵制国外商品的示烕者一直在抗议，但是没有用。结合词义，C为正确答案。

17.单选题

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

问题1选项

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract对抗,阻碍,中和;counterfeit伪造,假冒;counterchange交换,调换;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意：从一开始,巴基斯坦就拼命对抗印度,与任何愿意帮助它的国家建立联系。选项A符合句意。

18.单选题

Ifapersonisinastatebetweensleepingandbeingawake,oftenasaresultofheatordrinkingalcohol,hefeels_______.

问题1选项

A.tiresome

B.fatigued

C.drowsy

D.restless

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tiresome讨厌的，令人厌烦的B.fatigued身心交瘁，精疲力竭

C.drowsy困倦的，昏昏欲睡的D.restless坐立不安的，不耐烦的

【答案】C

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词betweensleepingandbeingawake，可知这里指一个人半梦半醒时的感觉，drowsy符合语境，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】如果一个人处于半梦半醒的状态，通常是由于发热或饮酒，他会感到昏昏欲睡。

19.单选题

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994