考研考博-英语-内江卫生与健康职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-内江卫生与健康职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.About90.000

B.About100.000

C.Severalhundreds

D.About5.000

问题2选项

A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

B.WarningfromtheKenyaHealthMinistry.

C.Experiencesgainedfromthe1997outbreak.

D.ProperandpromptaidfromNASA(美国国家航空航天局).

问题3选项

A.Distributingmosquitonets.

B.Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.

C.Urgingpeoplenottoeatanimals.

D.Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.

问题4选项

A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.

B.Theshort-livedmosquitothatwerethehostsoftheviruses.

C.ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.

D.Theheavybuttheintermittentrains.

问题5选项

A.WarningfromNASA.

B.HowtotreatRiftValleyFever(裂谷热).

C.ThedisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyFever.

D.Satellitesandglobalhealth-remotediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】InDecember1997largenumbersofcattle,goatsandsheepbegandyingintheGarissadistrictofnorth-easternKenya.Amonthlaterpeoplestarteddying,too.Itwas,atthetime,thebiggestrecordedoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverinEastAfrica.(26)Some100,000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.

InDecember2007thesamethinghappened.Or,ratheritstartedtohappenbutwasstoppedinitstracks.(27)Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.InSeptemberresearchersattheGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,Greenbelt,Maryland,partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.Bythetimetheepidemicemerged(28)theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.Throughtheoutbreakstillkilled300peopleinKenya,SomaliaandTanzania,itcouldhavebeenalotworse.AccordingtoKennethLinthicumofAmerica’sDepartmentofAgriculture,thenumberofdeathswouldprobablyhavebeenmorethantwiceashighwithoutthewarning.

(30)ThewarningitselfwaspossiblebecauseofamodelofhowdiseasespreadsthatDr.Linthicumhelpeddesign.Andthedatathatwerepluggedintothatmodelcamefromsatellites.

WhattheresearchersatGoddardhadnoticedatthetimeofthefirstoutbreakwasthatinthemonthsprecedingit,surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.(29)Thesehighertemperaturesbroughtheavyandsustainedrains,cloudcoverandwarmerairtomuchoftheHornofAfrica.Mosquitoesmultipliedwildly,andlivedlongenoughforthevirusthatcausesthefevertodeveloptothepointwhereitiseasilytransmissible.InSeptember2007theresearcherssawthesamethinghappeningintheocean,andsuspectedthesameconsequenceswouldfollow.

26.HowmanystockanimalsdiedattheresultofoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin1997?

【解析】根据录音中的“Some10.000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.”可知，本题答案为B。

27.WhathelpedstoptheoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin2007?

【解析】从录音中“Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.…partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.”可知，第二次的区别在于有来自NASA及时而准确的警告。故本题答案为D。

28.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthemajortopreventin2007outbreakspreading?

【解析】从录音中“..theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.”可知，只有D选项不是制止瘟疫肆虐的举措。

29.WhattriggerthetwooutbreaksoftheRiftValleyfeverinAfrica?

【解析】从录音中“surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.”可知，A是正确答案，B选项应该改成long-livedmosquitoes,C项应为“cloudcoverandwarmerairintheHornofAfrica”，D项应为“heavyandsustainedrains”。

30.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】该录音主要内容是从NASA给予肯尼亚及时迅捷的警示，使其在2007年瘟疫爆发的时候避免了10年前的厄运。因此A选项是正确答案（来自NASA的警告）。

2.单选题

Asautomationbecamepopularinmostfactories,laborwasmade（）.

问题1选项

A.disincentive

B.redundant

C.diverse

D.discontent

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。disincentive妨碍活动的；redundant因人员过剩而被解雇的，多余的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；discontent不满的。句意:随着自动化在大多数工厂的普及，劳动力被了。因此B项符合句意。

3.单选题

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.AnewEinsteinwillemerge,scientistssay.Butitmaytakealongtime.Afterall,morethan200yearsseparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn’tbeenbornyet,orisababynow.That’sbecausethequestforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrentmathematicstoitslimits.Newmathmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.ButresearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerginganytimesoon.

Foronething,physicsisamuchdifferentfieldtoday.InEinstein’sday,therewereonlyafewthousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobablywouldfitintoastreetcarwithseatstospare.

Educationisdifferent,too.OnecrucialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyearsofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,amongothers.Ittaughthimhowtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn’tlongbeforehebecameaphilosopherhimself.

“Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinctionbetweenamereartisanorspecialistandarealseekeraftertruth,”Einsteinwrotein1944.

Andhewasanaccomplishedmusician.Theinterplaybetweenmusicandmathiswell-known.Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,universitieshaveproducedmillionsofphysicists.Therearen’tmanyjobsinscienceforthem,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—andrewarding—efforts.

“MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,”saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,“butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard.”

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

“Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!”GreenesaidatarecentgatheringattheAspenInstitute.“Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthewallbecauseyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution.”

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis“miracleyear”of1905.These“thoughtexperiments”werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigiousjournalAnnalenderPhysikbyavirtualunknown.Therewerenofootnotesorcitations.

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

“Weallgetpaperslikethoseinthemail,”Greenesaid.“Weputtheminthejunkfile.”

26.Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

27.WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?

28.Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

29.WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.9)?

30.Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein____.

问题1选项

A.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

B.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

C.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

D.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

问题2选项

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.

问题3选项

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

C.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

D.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

问题4选项

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

B.Itishardforascientisttohavehispaperpublishedtoday.

C.Nobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

D.PaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

问题5选项

A.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

B.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

C.waslittleknowninacademiccircles

D.forgottomakefootnotesandcitations

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】26.【选项释义】

Whatdoscientistsseemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?从前两段来看，科学家们似乎都同意什么？

A.ItwilltakeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.A.建立统一理论需要另一个爱因斯坦。

B.ItwillbesometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.B.一个新的爱因斯坦还需要一段时间才能出现。

C.Einsteinpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.C.爱因斯坦几乎把数学推到了极限。

D.NophysicistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.D.在未来的200年里，没有物理学家可能超过爱因斯坦。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词thefirsttwoparagraphs定位到原文前两段。第1段3-4句提到“科学家们说（scientistssay），一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现（willemerge）。但这可能需要很长时间（takealongtime）。”由此可知，科学家们都同意B选项“一个新的爱因斯坦还需要一段时间才能出现”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“建立统一理论需要另一个爱因斯坦”，原文第2段提到“下一个爱因斯坦还没有出生，或者现在是个婴儿”，是因为“对统一理论的追求，已经把当前的数学推到了极限”，“问题解决必须创造新的数学（Newmathmustbecreated）”。由此可知，因为当前的数学发展已经到了极限，只有创造新的数学，才能建立统一的理论，选项表述与原文不符；

C选项“爱因斯坦几乎把数学推到了极限”，可定位到第2段第2句，该句提到“对可以解释所有的自然力的统一理论的追求，已经把当前的数学推到了极限。”由此可知，把数学推到极限的不是爱因斯坦，该选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；

D选项“在未来的200年里，没有物理学家可能超过爱因斯坦”，“200年”可定位到第1段最后一句，该句提到“爱因斯坦和牛顿相距两百多年（morethan200years）”，由此可知，原文并没有说新的爱因斯坦式的物理学家出现还需要200多年，该选项属于偷换概念。

27.【选项释义】

WhatwascriticaltoEinstein’ssuccess?爱因斯坦成功的关键是什么？

A.Histalentasanaccomplishedmusician.A.他作为一个有造诣的音乐家的才能。

B.Hisindependentandabstractthinking.B.他独立而抽象的思维。

C.Hisuntiringefforttofulfillhispotential.C.他为发挥自己的潜力所做的不懈努力。

D.Hissolidfoundationinmaththeory.D.他扎实的数学理论基础。

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词critical定位到原文第4段第2句，该句提到“在爱因斯坦的训练中，有一个重要的方面（Onecrucialaspect）被忽视了，那就是他十几岁时阅读的哲学。”另外，后一句提到“这教会了他如何独立而抽象地思考（thinkindependentlyandabstractly）空间和时间。”由此可知，这个关键的因素就是阅读哲学培养的独立思考和抽象思考的能力。B选项“他独立而抽象的思维”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他作为一个有造诣的音乐家的才能”，可定位到原文第6段，该段提到了他的音乐才能，但并没有说这是关键因素，该选项属于本末倒置；

C选项“他为发挥自己的潜力所做的不懈努力”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“他扎实的数学理论基础”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有。

28.【选项释义】

Whatdoestheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?关于今天的物理学家，作者告诉了我们什么？

A.Theytendtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.A.他们往往忽视分析技能的培训。

B.Theyareverygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.B.他们非常擅长解决实际问题。

C.Theyoftengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.C.他们通常进入经济效益更大的领域。

D.Theyattachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.D.他们非常重视发表学术论文。

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词physiciststoday定位到原文第7段。本段提到“今天，大学培养出了数百万物理学家。在科学领域，适合他们的工作并不多，所以他们去了华尔街和硅谷（theygotoWallStreetandSiliconValley），把自己的分析技能应用到更实际（practical）、更有回报的（rewarding）工作中。”由此可知，由于科学领域没有适合的工作，现在的物理学家去了华尔街和硅谷这些经济效益高的地方工作，C选项“他们通常进入经济效益更大的领域”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们往往忽视分析技能的培训”，原文并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“他们非常擅长解决实际问题”，“实际”可定位到第7段，由【解题思路】可知，原文的“实际”指的是华尔街和硅谷的工作更实际，即能解决工作和收入等实际问题，而不是说现在的物理学家们更擅长解决实际问题，该选项属于偷换概念；

D选项“他们非常重视发表学术论文”，原文最后三段虽然提到了学术论文，但讨论是现在的学术论文发表需要参考文献，否则会被认为一无是处，并未提及现在的物理学家重视发表学术论文，该选项属于无中生有。

29.【选项释义】

WhatdoesBrianGreeneimplybysaying“...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard”(Para.8)?BrianGreene说“……对他来说，让别人听到他的话会更难”（第8段）想表达的是什么？

A.Peoplehavetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.A.为了让论文发表，人们不得不竞争。

BItishardforascientisttohavehispaperpublishedtoday.B.一个科学家今天发表论文是很困难的。

CNobodywillreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.C.没有人会读那些显然是荒谬理论的论文。

DPaperslikeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.D.像爱因斯坦这样的论文不太可能在今天发表。

【考查点】推理判断题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词Para.8定位到原文第8段。第8段只有一句话，即物理学家Greene说“也许今天就有一个爱因斯坦，但要让人们听到他的声音要困难得多”，因此他说这句话的意图，应该到下文去找。第9段提到即“尤其是考虑到爱因斯坦提出的理论（whatEinsteinwasproposing）。”由此可知，爱因斯坦的声音很难让人听到，与他所提出的理论有关。第10段提到，理论的证明需要有人去碰壁（banghisheadagainstthewall）；第11-13段提到“爱因斯坦曾发表了5篇没有任何脚注或引用的纯‘思想实验’的论文”，而这种情况如果发生在今天“会被扔进垃圾桶（puttheminthejunkfile）”。由此可知，因为爱因斯坦的论文是纯思想性的，没有任何脚注或引用，所以在今天，没有人会发表这种类型的论文，论文无法发表，自然就不能被大众看到，即“他的声音让人听到很难”。因此，D选项“像爱因斯坦这样的论文不太可能在今天发表”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“为了让论文发表，人们不得不竞争”，原文并未提到“竞争”，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“一个科学家今天发表论文是很困难的”，原文并未说“发表论文很难”，只是说没有任何脚注和引用的论文很难发表，该选项属于曲解原文；

C选项“没有人会读那些显然是荒谬理论的论文”，原文只是说这类看似荒谬的论文很难发表，并没有说没有人会想读，该选项属于无中生有。

30.【选项释义】

Whenhesubmittedhispapersin1905,Einstein____.当他在1905年提交论文时，爱因斯坦____。

A.wasknownasayounggeniusinmathcalculationsA.被称为数学计算方面的年轻天才

B.knewnothingabouttheformatofacademicpapersB.对学术论文的格式一无所知

C.waslittleknowninacademiccirclesC.在学术界鲜为人知

D.forgottomakefootnotesandcitationsD.忘记做脚注和引用

【考查点】事实细节题

【解题思路】根据题干关键词in1905定位到原文第11段。该段第2句提到“这些‘思想实验’是由一个实际上不知名的人（avirtualunknown）签署并提交给著名的《物理学年鉴》的数页计算。”由avirtualunknown可知，当时爱因斯坦并不知名，C选项“在学术界鲜为人知”符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“被称为数学计算方面的年轻天才”，原文说他当时并不知名，所以不会被称为“数学天才”，原文也并未提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“对学术论文的格式一无所知”，关于学术论文的格式，是在讲现在的情况的时候提到的，当时的学术论文说不定并没有所谓的“格式”，并且“格式”也不是文中讨论的中心，该选项属于过度推理；

D选项“忘记做脚注和引用”，原文虽然提到爱因斯坦的论文没有任何脚注和引用，但这并不是因为他忘记了，该选项属于过度推理。

4.单选题

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

问题1选项

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项adjacentto“邻近的，毗连的”，B项attachedto“附属于，系于”，C项farfrom“远离，远非”，D项adjourningto“转移会址，（集会人移动会场）到另一个地方”。根据句子意思“我们住在一个小村庄……高速公路和出没的重型卡车”可知，空格处表示“毗连”符合语境。句意：我们住在一个靠近公路的小村庄，那里到处都是重型卡车。因此，该题选择A项正确。

5.单选题

"Thislightistoo（）formetoreadby.Don'twehaveabrightbulbsomewhere?"saidtheelderlyman.

问题1选项

A.dim

B.slight

C.mild

D.minute

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。dim暗淡的，模糊的；slight轻微的，纤细的，脆弱的；mild温和的，轻微的；minute微小的。句意：“这盏灯太暗了，我没法看书。”我们不是在什么地方有一个明亮的灯泡吗?”老人说。灯光昏暗用dim来形容，选项A正确。

6.单选题

Tenyearsoflivingwithamyotrophiclateralsclerosis,orA.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle;Dr.JulesLodishtypeswithtwitchesofhischeek,detectedbyasensorclippedtothisglasses.Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:“Istilllookforwardtoday.”

A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.Theprospectofbeingtrappedinaninertbodyandbeingtotallydependentonothersdrivesmanysuffererstosuicide.

WhenAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftattackedanOregonlawallowingdoctor-assistedsuicidein2001—acasethatisstillworkingitswaysthroughthelegalsystem—patientswiththediseasewereamongthosewhosupportedthelawincourt.

Butwhilethelegalcaseandmuchofthenationalattentionhavefocusedontheissueoftherighttodie,lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.

Withadequatemedicalcare,patientsoftencanliveforyearsrelativelyfreeofphysicalpainfromthediseaseitself.“It’smoreasortofexistential,psychicsortofpain,”saidDr.LeoMcCluskey,aneurologistinPhiladelphiawhotreatsmanypeoplewiththedisease.

Asaresult,patientsandtheirfamiliesareforced,onadailybasis,totakestockofthemeaningandqualityoftheirlivesandtomakerepeateddecisionsabouthowmuchistoomuch.

“WithA.L.S.,youhaveachoiceaboutwhentostoptreatment,lettingnaturetakeitscourse.”saidDr.LindaGanzini,aprofessorofpsychiatryatOregonHealthandScienceUniversityinPortland,whohasstudiedpatientsmakingend-of-lifedecisions.

Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness—perhapsamilestone“likegettingthelastkidofftocollege”saidDr.MellarP.Davis,aprofessorhematologyandmedicaloncologyattheClevelandClinic.

Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.

Manypatients,Dr.Ganzinisaid,havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem,andtheyareable,“tofindhopeinthefuture,findmeaningandtoleratethedailyongoinglossesthattheyareexperiencing.”

Dr.Lodish’sbodysitslimpinawheelchairandhistonguelolls;amachinebreathesforhimthroughatracheostomytubeinhisthroat.Helosttheabilitytotalkmorethanthreeyearsago,hesays,thenjokes,“Butnottheabilitytobeannoying.”

TherearenohalfmeasuresforDr.Lodish,ahematologistwhodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.Hewrotea30guideforhisnursesthatsetsstandardsforasterileenvironmentthatgobeyondhospitalpractices,rulesthathavehelpedhimavoidtheinfectionsthatkillmanypatients.Whenhecouldnolongereat,hedidtheresearchtocomeupwitharecipeforthenutrientblendthatflowsdownhisfeedingtube—evendeterminingthattheingredientswerekosher—andhetypedthetwoguidetoitspreparation,twitchbytwitch,withaspecialprogramonthelaptopthathelpshimtochoosewholewordsorphrasesfromscrollinglists.

Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation,andnowadvisespatientswithA.L.S.andtheirfamiliesonhowtoorganizetheirowncareandusethecommunicationdeviceshehasmastered.

“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell,”Dr.Lodishsaid.

Byholdingon,hesaid,hehasbeenabletoseemanyoflife’smilestones,includingthemarriagesoftwoofhisthreechildren.

Whenhisolderdaughter,ElizabethLester,becamepregnantwiththefirstgrandchild,sheaskedherfathertomaketheofficialfamilyannouncement.

“Hestillplaysthesameroleforme”shesaid,“Istillconsulthimonfinancialmattersandotherkindsofthings.”

Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.

1.A.L.S.isadiseasethat（）.

2.JulesLodish（）.

3.AllthefollowingarepossiblereasonswhythepatientswithA.L.S.canliveabetterlifeEXCEPT

（）.

4.Dr.LodishmanagestolivewithA.L.S.mainlybecausehe（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingtasksisNOTundertakenbyDr.JulesLodish?

问题1选项

A.causespeopletoparalyzeinstantly

B.makeseverymusclestopmovinggradually

C.ishighlycontagiousintheUnitedStates

D.isgeneticallydeterminedandcannotbecured

问题2选项

A.wantstocommitsuicide

B.supportsanOregonlaw

C.determinedtolivelonger

D.isbecomingunconscious

问题3选项

A.theyhaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare

B.theyhaveasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness

C.theyhavestrongreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem

D.theyhavegotastrongmentalsupportfrompeoplearound

问题4选项

A.ishavingexperthelp

B.knowshowtocopewiththedisease

C.iswell-equippedwithadvanceddevices

D.oftencommunicateswithotherpeople

问题5选项

A.Treatingalotofcancerpatients.

B.Devisinghisowntreatmentplan.

C.Providingmedicalconsultation.

D.Communicatingwithmanypeople.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“A.L.S,progressive,paralyzingdisease,havestillednearlyeverymuscle（A.L.S是一种渐进性的麻痹性疾病，几乎使每一块肌肉都停止活动）”和第二段“A.L.S.orLouGehrig’sdisease,isoftendescribedasakindoflivingdeathin,whichthebodygoesflaccidwhilemindremainsintactandacutelyaware.（肌萎缩性侧索硬化症或卢伽雷氏症，常被描述为一种活死人。身体会变得松弛，而头脑却保持完整和敏锐的意识。）”，由此可推断出肌萎缩性侧索硬化症使肌肉病变会有一个循序渐进的过程。A选项“使人立即瘫痪”说法错误；B选项“使每一块肌肉逐渐停止活动”符合题意；C选项“在美国是高度传染性的”和D选项“是由基因决定的，不能治愈”文章都没有提到。因此B选项正确。

2.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butwhenpeopleaskhimhowhefeelsabouthislife,Dr.Lodish,hiseyesexpressingtheintensitydeniedtohisbody,responds:Istilllookforwardtoday.（但当人们问洛迪什对自己的生活有何感想时，他的眼神流露出了身体所没有的那种强烈感，他回答说：我仍然期待着。）”和第四段“lessisknownaboutthosepatientswhowanttolive,andlikeDr.Lodish,willgotoextraordinarylengthstodoso.（但对于那些像洛迪什医生一样想要活下去的病人，人们却知之甚少。）”，由此可推断出Dr.Lodish虽然被肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症折磨，但他仍不失积极乐观的心态，对生活充满期待，决定好好生活与病魔抗争到底。A选项“想自杀”说法错误；B选项“支持俄勒冈州一项（允许医生协助自杀的）法律”文章没有提到；C选项“决心活得更长”符合题意；D选项“正在变得失去意识”说法错误。因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第八段“Whatkeepsmanypatientsalive,expertssay,isasenseofhavingunfinishedbusiness…（专家说，让许多病人活下来的，是一种未完的事业感……）”；第九段“Thosepatientswhodobestarethosewhohaveinsurancethatcoversnursingandmedicalcare,allowingthemtoavoidsomeofthemajorhealthrisksassociatedwiththedisease,andfamilymemberswhocancoverthehourswhenexperthelpisunavailable.（那些做得最好的病人是那些拥有涵盖护理和医疗护理的保险，使他们能够避免一些与疾病相关的主要健康风险的人，以及那些家庭成员在得不到专家帮助时可以支付时间的人。）”以及第十段“havedeepreligiousbeliefsthathelpsustainthem（许多患者都有深刻的宗教信仰，这些信仰帮助他们维持生命）”，因此A选项“他们有涵盖护理和医疗的保险”；B选项“他们有一种未完的事业感”以及C选项“他们有强烈的宗教信仰来支持他们”在文中都有提到，只有D选项“他们从周围的人那里得到了强大的精神支持”文章没有提及，因此D选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。）”以及第十四段“OneironyiswithmanypeopleIcommunicatemorenowthanwhenIwaswell（具有讽刺意味的是，我现在和很多人交流的次数比我健康时还多）”，由此可知Dr.Lodish与病魔作斗争是通过经常与他人沟通交流，分享生命中的点滴。A选项“正在接受专家的帮助”；B选项“知道如何对付这种疾病”；C选项“配备了先进的设备”都不是主要原因，只有D选项“经常与他人交流”符合题意，因此D选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第十二段“whodevisedhisownintricatelydetailedtreatmentregimen.（他设计了自己复杂而详细的治疗方案。）”；第十三段“Thiswiretotheworldkeepshimconnectedtohisfamilyandfriends,andallowshimtoremainanimportantpartoftheirlives.Hecontinuestoprovidemedicalconsultation…（这条与世界相连的线让他与家人和朋友保持联系，让他成为他们生活中重要的一部分。他继续提供医疗咨询……）”，由此可知B选项“制定自己的治疗方案”；C选项“提供医疗咨询”和D选项“与许多人交流”说法正确，文章都有提及，而A选项“治疗了很多癌症患者”可定位到文章最后一段“Dr.Lodishsaidthathisowndeterminationtolivecomes,inpart,fromhislongexperienceintreatingcancerpatients,whooftenfeelthatadiagnosisisadeathsentence.（洛迪什说，他自己想活下去的决心，在一定程度上来自于他长期治疗癌症患者的经验，这些患者常常觉得确诊就等于判了死刑。）”，该段落只说了Dr.Lodish想活下去的决心来自治疗癌症患者的经验，并没有直接说他治疗了很多癌症患者，因此A选项符合题意，A选项正确。

7.单选题

We’dliketo（）atableforfivefordinnerthisevening.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.reserve

C.conserve

D.deserve

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preserve“保存，保护”，有两种含义。第一种含义有保持某种状态、质量、权利的意思，例如：Shebelievedit'sthemostimportantthingtopreserveherreputation.（她认为维护自己的名声是最重要的事情。），第二种含义有保留且维护以不被破坏或者维持现状的意思，常常用作被动语态，例如：Theancientvasewaspreservedwellbythearchaeologists.（这个古代花瓶被考古学家保存得很好。）；B选项reserve“保留，预定（座位）”，即主动去要求“保留”，例如：I’'dliketoreservearoomtonight.（我想预定一个今晚的房间。），reserve还常用作被动语态，表示为了留给后面的人用而“保留，保存”，例如：Therefreshmentsarereservedfortheguests.（这些点心是留给客人的。），reserve还能表示“拥有，保留，保持”权利和意见的意思，例如很多出版物上都会标有“Allrightsreserved”，意思是“版权所有”；C选项conserve“保存，保护”，有两种含义，第一种含义含有为了节约而保护、保存的意思，例如：Youcansetthetemperatureto26degreescentigradeinordertoconserveenergy.（你可以把温度设置成26摄氏度以节约资源。），第二种含有为了让某事物（一般指自然资源）不被改变或者不被破坏而保护、保存的意思，例如：Governmentshouldenforcelawstoconservewildlifeanimalsinthisarea.（政府应该实施法律保护这个地区的野生动物。）；D选项deserve“应受，值得。句意：我们要预定一张今晚的5人桌。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

8.单选题

Whentheymarry,husbandsandwiveshavewell-developedhealthhistoriesandwell-establishedcongenitalanddevelopmentalpropensitiestowardgoodandillhealth.Substantialresearchsuggeststhat,giventheexistinghealthpropensityandhealthconditionofanindividualataparticulartime,hisorherprobabilityofbetterorworsefuturehealthisaffectedbyavarietyofsociallymediatedfactorsthataresubjecttoinfluenceormanipulationbyhisorherspouse.

Spousescanpromoteeachother’shealthbyamelioratingpsychologicalstress.Asubstantialliteraturedevelopsstrongevidencethatpsychologicalstresscausesillness,increasemortalityrisk,andservesasanimportantmechanismthatlinkssocioeconomiccharacteristicstohealthandmortality.Stress-reducingmechanismsincluderemovalofsourcesofstress,andmanagementofstressbytalkingaboutittoatrustedotherperson,psychologicaltreatment,physicalexercise,recreationandothermeans.Aspousecanprovideorencourageallofthesestress-reducingbehaviors.

Spousesalsocanpromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithsupportivesocialcontact,andtheycanfacilitateorinhibiteachother’ssocialcontactwithsupportiveothers.Evidencesuggeststhathealthisgreatlyadvancedbysupportivesocialcontacts,includingpositiveinteractionwithrelatives,friends,coworkersandacquaintances.Recentexperimentaldatashowsthatpersonswithmorediversesocialnetworksaremoreresistanttoexperimentallyintroducedupperrespiratoryvirusesthanpersonswithlessdiversesocialnetworks.

Spousescanalsopromoteeachother’shealthbyprovidingeachotherwithmoneyincome,andtheycanhelpeachothermanagemoneyincomeeffectively.Moneydoesnotbuyhealthdirectly,butitcanbeusedtopurchasegoodsandservicesthatmakegoodhealthmorelikely.Thesegoodsandservicesincludenutritiousfood,ahygienicandsafeenvironment,medicalcare,andamenitiesthatreducepsychologicalstress.Unlessestrangedorunusuallywealthy,husbandsandwivesalmostalwayssharetheirfinancialresourcesandpurchaseandconsumemanyofthesehealth-promotinggoodsandservicesjointly.Inshort,therearemanywaysinwhichspousescaninfluenceeachother’sprobabilityofgoodhealth.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthemosteffectivewayforthehusbandtoreducepsychologicalstress?

3.Whichoneisthesuitablesummaryofparagraph1?

4.Howcanmoneymakegoodhealth?

5.Whichofthefollowingislikelytothrowspousesintoillhealth?

问题1选项

A.Howspousescanpromoteeachother’sphysicalcondition.

B.Thespouse’sprobabilityoffuturewell-being.

C.Effectsofspouse’shoursofworkoneachother’shealth.

D.Spousesinfluenceeachotherinvariousways.

问题2选项

A.Totalktootherperson.

B.Togotoseepsychiatrist.

C.Totakepleasure.

D.Totalkwithhiswife.

问题3选项

A.Spouse’sinfluenceisofvitalimportancetoeachother’shealth.

B.Spouse’sinfluencehasnothingtodowithhealth.

C.Healthyspouseswillremainhealthaftertheirmarriage.

D.Thereareavarietyofsociallymediatedfactors.

问题4选项

A.Moneysometimesmaybepowerfulenoughtobuyhealthdirectly.

B.Spousescanmanagemoneyincomeeffectivelyforeachother’shealth

C.Moneycanprovidespouseswithgoodsandservices,whichislikelytomakegoodhealth.

D.Forthesakeofeachother’sheath,husbandsandwivesshouldshareeverything.

问题5选项

A.Positiveinter