考研考博-英语-抚州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-抚州职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

IftheCommissionfinds,afternoticeandopportunityforhearing,thatanypersonisviolating,hasviolated,orisabouttoviolateanyprovisionofthistitle,oranyruleorregulationthereunder,theCommissionmaypublishitsfindingsandenteranorderrequiringsuchperson,andanyotherpersonthatis,was,orwouldbeacauseoftheviolation,duetoanactoromissionthepersonkneworshouldhaveknownwouldcontributetosuchviolation,toceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingsuchviolationandanyfutureviolationofthesameprovision,rule,orregulation.Suchordermay,inadditiontorequiringapersontoceaseanddesistfromcommittingorcausingaviolation,requiresuchpersontocomply,ortotakestepstoeffectcompliancewithsuchprovision,rule,orregulation,uponsuchtermsandconditionsandwithinsuchtimeasthecommissionmayspecifyinsuchorder.Anysuchordermay,astheCommissiondeemsappropriate,requirefuturecomplianceorstepstoeffectfuturecompliance,eitherpermanentlyorforsuchperiodoftimeastheCommissionmayspecify,withsuchprovision,ruleorregulationwithrespecttoanysecurity,anyissuer,oranyotherperson.

【答案】在通知和一个听讯机会后，如果委员会发现任何人正在、已经或即将去违反这个法令的任何条款、或其下的任何规则或规章，那么该委员会可能发布其调查结果，且提出一个指令，其要求这个人和任何其它人（这个人因其知晓或本应知晓的会导致如此违反的一个行为或疏忽而现在、过去或将来是此类违反的一个原因）停止犯下或造成此类违反和任何对同样条款的将来违反。除需要一个人停止犯下或导致一个违反之外，如此的指令可能要求这类人，依据该委员会在如此的指令中可能规定的条款和条件以及时间期限，去遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款，规则或规章。就任何担保人、发行者或任何其它人而言，任何如此的指令可能，如同该委员会认为恰当的那样，要求以后永久地或在该委员会可能规定的时间段内遵守或采取措施去实现遵守如此的条款、规则或规章。

2.单选题

Onecommon-sensereason（）childrenlearntospeakisthattheyimitatethosearoundthem.

问题1选项

A.which

B.what

C.that

D.ofwhich

【答案】D

【解析】reason做先行词,后面一般接why引导的原因状语从句,选项中的ofwhich=why,表示孩子们学会说话的原因。所以选项D正确。

3.单选题

Whatmakesagreatcommunicator?Awillingnesstosharethatdrivingsenseofmissionandaburningfaiththatotherswillembrace,too.

Asanentrepreneur,youhaveanextraordinarystorytotell.Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.Somepeoplearesimplybetterthanothersatarticulatingtheirmessage.

Raisingthebar

Myworktakesmeacrossthecountryandexposesmetospokespeopleinavarietyofindustries.Butthegoalsarealwaysthesame:Toarticulateamessagethatmeetsthedemandsofcontemporaryaudiences,whowanttheirspeakerstobepassionate,inspiring,brief,captivating,andclear.

AsthemajorityofusareaccustomedtoPowerPointshows,24-hourcablenews,andMTV-stylevideos,ourperceptionofgreatcorporatespeakershaschanged.Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.

WhenCNBCinterviewsAppleCEOSteveJobs,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenC-SPANbringsBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairintoourlivingroomseveryweek,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.WhenCiscoCEOJohnChambersdeliversadazzlingPowerPointshow,you’rebeingcomparedtohim.They’vemastered10techniquesthatsetthemapart—techniquesthatIuncoveredwhileresearchingmynewbook,“10SimpleSecretsoftheWorld’sGreatestBusinessCommunicators.”

Pitchingwithoomph

Butenoughtalkabout“thesecrets”.Let’sgetstarted.Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.Withoutpassion,youwillfailtomotivate,inspire,andelectrifyyouraudiences.

StarbucksChairmanHowardSchultzdidn’tbuildoneofthemostadmiredbrandsintheworldbecauseheblendstherightmixofespresso,steamedmilk,andfoam.WhileinterviewingSchultzfor“10SimpleSecrets”,Iquicklyrealizedhedoesn’tleavehispassionattheoffice.Whilemanyofuslikecoffeeevenloveit,Schultzispassionateaboutit.Reallypassionate.

Duringanow-famoustriptoItaly,onapiazzainMilan,Schultz’slifewasforeverchanged.TheItalianswerepassionateabouttheircoffee,heexcitedlytoldhiswife.SchultzbroughtthatpassionbacktoAmericaandtransformedasmallSeattlecoffee-beanstoreintoanAmericaninstitution.HiszealconvincedinvestorstobuyintohisconceptofbringingItalian-stylecafestoAmerica—andwithoutit,weneverwouldhavebeenintroducedtomochafrappuccinos!

Emotionalrapport

Atthispoint,someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich.”Fine.ButI’murgingyoutodigdeeper.Yousee,I’vepersonallymetandinterviewedseveralentrepreneurswhohavejoinedthebillionairesclub.I’vewatchedthemaddressstaff,customers,andinvestors.Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.

Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”Ifyou’reafinancialplanner,isittohelpyourcustomersavoidthepainfuldebtyousawyourparentsfallinto?ItisforSuzeOrman,whotappedintothatpassiontofuelhersuccessasanauthorandtelevisionhost.Ofyousellnetworkinghardware,isyourpassionfueledbythedesiretochangethewaytheworldlives,works,plays,andlearns?ItisforCiscoSystemsCEOJohnChambers,whosepassionatevisionofthefuturehasearnedhimaspotasoneofthemostadmiredchiefexecutivesincorporateAmerica.

Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?ItisforHowardSchultz,whosepassionhasliterallychangedthedailyhabitsofmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Sowhetheryou’readdressingandaudienceof1or1,000,revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage.Itwillsetyouapartasaspeaker.

26.What’stherelationshipbetweenthelasttwoparagraphs?

27.Thepassageindicatesthatitisimportantto________inbusinesscommunication.

28.ThispassageismeanttotargetthefollowinggroupsofreadersEXCEPT________.

29.Whatdoesthe“thirdplace”inthelastparagraphreferto?

30.Bysaying“Raisingthebar”(Paragraph3),theauthormeans________.

问题1选项

A.Theybothsupportthesametopicsentence.

B.Theypresentopposingideasrespectively.

C.Thelatteristheillustrationoftheformer.

D.Thelatteristhelogicalresultoftheformer.

问题2选项

A.establishpersonalfriendship

B.showpassioninconveyingmessage

C.employhighcommunicativeskills

D.meetlisteners’emotionaldemands

问题3选项

A.entrepreneurs

B.salespersons

C.publicspeakers

D.shopowners

问题4选项

A.Aplacetoenjoy.

B.Ashoptoshareyourpersonalinformation.

C.Acoffeeshoporrestaurant.

D.Aprivateplacetorevealyourpassion.

问题5选项

A.ahigherstandardforbusinesscommunicators

B.abetterarticulationofmessagesincommunication

C.thatbusinesscommunicatorsshouldmaster10techniques

D.thatbusinesscommunicatorsarebeingcomparedtofigureslikespokespeople

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】26.推理判断题。根据第十段第一句Nowaskyourself,“What’smyconnectiontomymessage?”（现在问问你自己，“我和我表达的信息有什么联系？”）和最后一段revealyourpassionbyidentifyingandsharingyourpersonalconnectiontoyourcompanymessage（通过识别并分享你与公司信息的个人联系来展现你的热情），可知这两段都在讲通过表达自己与自己表达的信息联系来加强情感联系，所以A选项“支持同一个主题句”正确。B选项“分别提出相反的观点”，C选项“后者是前者的例证”和D选项“后者是前者的结果”不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

27.推理判断题。根据第六段第三句Extraordinaryentrepreneursandbusinessprofessionalcredittheircommunicationskillsformuchoftheirsuccess,andeachisfueledbypassionatecommitmenttotheirservice,product,company,orcause.（卓越的企业家和商业专业人士将他们的成功归功于他们的沟通技巧，每个人都对自己的服务、产品、公司或事业充满热情。），可知激情在商务交流上最重要，所以B选项“在传达信息时表现出热情”正确。A选项“建立私交”：根据第九段someofyoumightbesaying,“Mypassionistogetrich…Notoncedidtheyeverdiscusshowmuchjoytheygetoutofbeingwealthy.Instead,theybuildanemotionalrapportwiththeirlistenersbysharingtheirconnectiontothetopic—theirpassion—throughpersonalstories,anecdotes,andexamples.（你们中的一些人可能会说，“我的激情是致富……他们从来没有讨论过他们从富有中得到了多少快乐。相反，他们通过分享自己的故事、轶事和例子，与听众建立起一种情感上的融洽），这里表达的是激情不是来自于对致富的渴望，而不是说在商务交流中建立交情很重要，故错误。C选项“运用高度的沟通技巧”和D选项“满足听众的情感需求”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

28.推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Butwhetheryou’repitchingorpromotingaservice,product,company,orcause,howyoucraftanddeliveryourmessagecouldmeanthedifferencebetweenmakingthesaleorbeingshownthedoor.（但无论你是在推销或推广一项服务、产品、公司或事业，你如何精心制作和传递你的信息可能意味着成功销售或被解雇的区别。）和第六段倒数第二句Passionseparatestheworld’stoppitchmenfromthevastmajorityofmediocrepresenters.（激情将世界上最优秀的推销员与绝大多数平庸的演讲者区分开来。），可知本文一直强调的激情对于需要销售的职业来说很重要，而演说家不那么需要，所以B选项“售货员”正确，A选项“企业家”，C选项“演说家”和D选项“店主”错误。因此B选项正确。

29.语义推测题。根据最后一段第一句Ifyoumanageacoffeeshoporrestaurant,isyourpassiontocreateawelcoming“thirdplace”betweenhomeandworkforyourcustomerstoenjoy?（如果你经营一家咖啡店或餐厅，你的激情会是在家庭和工作之间创造一个受欢迎的“第三空间”让你的顾客享受吗？），可知第三空间是拿来享受的，所以A选项“一个享受的地方”正确，B选项“一个分享你个人信息的商店”，C选项“咖啡店或餐厅”和D选项“一个可以展示你激情的私密场所”：不符合题意，故错误。因此A选项正确。

30.语义推测题。根据第四段第二句Thegreatspokespeopleofourtimehaveraisedthebaronwhatitmeanstobeabusinesscommunicator—andyou’rebeingcomparedtothem.（我们这个时代的伟大发言人提高了作为一名商业沟通者的意义——你被拿来和他们比较。），可知各个领域的发言人让商务交流的标准更高，所以A选项“对商务交流者的更高标准”正确。B选项“沟通中信息的更好表达”：表述不准确，故错误。C选项“商务交流者应该掌握的10种技巧”和D选项“商务交流者被拿来和发言人比较”：是一方面的内容，不足以概括这部分主旨，故错误。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Inmostcasespoliticiansare____astheyseldomtellthetruth.

问题1选项

A.credible

B.incredulous

C.credulous

D.incredible

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.credible可信的B.incredulous怀疑的

C.credulous轻信的D.incredible不能相信的

【答案】D

【考查点】句间逻辑

【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是政客们，表示的是政客们的特点；后文有一个as引导的原因状语从句，对此进行解释，其句意为“他们几乎不说真话”。根据原句逻辑，因为政客们很少说真话，所以他们不能让人相信，D选项incredible“不能相信的”，形容的人是“相信”的对象，最符合原句语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】

A选项credible“可信的”，与原句语义逻辑相反；

B选项incredulous“怀疑的”，侧重于指一个人不轻易相信某人或某事；

C选项credulous“轻信的”，侧重于指一个人轻易地相信某人或某事。

【句意】在大多数情况下，政治家都是不能相信的，因为他们很少说真话。

5.单选题

Afewmonthsofgrooming,mentorsandfounderscanthen（）hundredsofpeopletowatchtheircompany'sofficialintroductiontosociety.

问题1选项

A.summon

B.unite

C.gather

D.assemble

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项summon“召唤”，指运用权威或行使权力指示、命令、吩咐，或要求某人去某处，常用于正式的集会或公务等方面；B项untie“团结、合并”，指将两个或两个以上原本分散或对立的事物联合起来，或者指主动联合自己周围的人或物，使之围绕在自己身旁；C项gather“聚集”，多强调按照一定目的或计划有选择的使人或物聚集在一起；D项assemble“集合、聚集”，更突出聚集或收集的目的；句意：经过几个月的培训后，导师和创始人可以召集数百人观看他们公司向社会的正式介绍。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

问题1选项

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

问题2选项

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

问题3选项

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

问题4选项

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

问题5选项

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“这篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美国心理健康运动启蒙时期的发展，然后第二段谈到了二战以后精神疾病新的治疗方法的进步，随后阐述了20世纪60年代以后美国精神卫生保健发展的缓慢，以及精神病人失去了权利，最后讨论到在司法的干预下，精神卫生保健得到了一些积极的效果，但是还需要一些确保病人有良好护理的标准和审查机制。综上所述，我们可知，整篇文章都是以历史的角度来阐述美国的精神卫生健康，所以A项“提供精神卫生保健问题的历史视角”符合题意。B项“提高公众对精神病人困境的认识”、C项“用精神病院的生动描述使读者震惊”和D项“描述精神疾病新疗法的发明”都只是文章的一部分，属于以偏概全。因此，该题选择A项正确。

22.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对州医疗机构患者的态度可以用……来描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院变成了令人恐惧和压抑的地方，病人的权利几乎被遗忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（与此形成对比的是，精神病罪犯医院里挤满了被认为是“疯子”的人，他们经常被严格地限制身体，并使用大剂量的镇定剂，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒数第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous这些词可以看出，作者对州医疗机构的患者是同情的态度，所以C项“理解和同情”正确。A项“僵硬和麻木”、B项“超然和中立”和D项“热情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

23.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以推断，如果民权运动没有引发对监狱条件的调查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动带领律师调查了美国的监狱，那里的黑人比例相当高，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构：精神病罪犯医院），这里讲到了民权运动带领律师对美国监狱进行调查，他们进入了比监狱还糟糕的精神病罪犯医院，接着就讲到律师所看到的精神病罪犯的状况，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在许多州，他们被关押在可怕的机构中，这种不公正一旦暴露出来，势必会震惊公众，尤其是司法良知），综合可推断，民权运动没有引发对监狱的调查是由于精神病罪犯医院的状况使其逃过了司法审查，D项“精神病院的状况可能逃脱了司法审查”符合题意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世纪中期，已经有两个州建立了收容所）可知，A项“各州永远不会为精神病患者建立收容所”表述与原文不符，属于曲解原文。B项“主要精神疾病的新治疗方法可能还没有经过测试”和C项“美国的民权运动在政治上是无效的”没有提到，属于无中生有。因此，该题选择D项正确。

24.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主观态度题。题干意思是“最后一段的基调可以用……来描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干预确实产生了一些积极的效果，但人们越来越意识到，法院无法提供确保良好病人护理的标准和审查机制），由positive可知，这一段的态度是比较乐观的，后面用了but转折，可推知，最后一段基调是比较谨慎乐观的，所以C项“谨慎乐观”正确。A项“过于情绪化”、B项“巧妙地欺骗”和D项“完全独立”都不符合，属于曲解原文。因此，该题选择C项正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“根据这篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情况发生了根本性的变化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（当时，民权运动促使律师们调查了美国监狱，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他们跟着囚犯进入了唯一比监狱更糟糕的机构——精神病犯罪医院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.（年轻的公益律师干部喜欢他们在精神病院的角色。律师们发现这个群体既被动又容易争取。毕竟，这些人不像罪犯，他们什么都没做错。），可知，60年代早期，公民权利运动促使律师调查美国的监狱，后来又促使他们调查精神病院；在这些运动中，关注公众利益的年轻律师们对精神病院很感兴趣，他们发现了一些令人震惊的现象。由此可知，精神病院状况的改变是由于积极的年轻律师所起的作用，B项“20世纪60年代活跃的年轻律师”正确。A项“20世纪的一群愤怒的年轻人”是监狱的犯人，和精神病院无关，属于出处错位。C项“无辜的精神病患者的抗议”属于反向干扰，文中只提到监狱的年轻人要求自己的权利，而精神病患者则是被注射镇定剂，乖乖待在那里。D项“强有力的法庭干预”属于曲解原文，最后一段第一段提到的是judicialintervention（司法干预），并不是courtintervention（法庭干预）。因此，该题选择B项正确。

7.单选题

Morecarewill（

）youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.convince

D.assure

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”，ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保证”的意思。ensure指确保某种行为一定会发生；guarantee指对某事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”，对事物、商品等质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证；assure指向某人保证某事一定会发生（内含有让某人放心之意，以消除疑虑）assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...

句意：多加小心会确保你不会犯这么多的错误。

8.单选题

Thechildrenwere___bythetoysinthebigdepartmentstoreduringtheChristmasseason.

问题1选项

A.pleased

B.fascinated

C.enjoyed

D.alarmed

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.pleased请；使喜欢；使高兴；使满意B.fascinated着迷；陶醉

C.enjoyed喜爱D.alarmed惊恐；恐慌

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意，孩子们被橱窗里的玩具所吸引。空格处填动词的被动形式。Bedoneby。B选项fascinate“着迷，陶醉”可引申为此句所需的逻辑“被吸引”以满足上述条件。

【干扰项排除】这里考查动词的被动形式。

A选项是被玩具感到高兴，不符合逻辑；

C选项被玩具喜爱，不符合逻辑；

D选项惊恐不符合句意。

【句意】圣诞节期间，孩子们被大百货公司的玩具迷住了。

9.单选题

It’samoderncity,fullof______towerblocks.

问题1选项

A.rising

B.ascending

C.soaring

D.heaving

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.rising上升的，新兴的B.ascending升（序）的

C.soaring猛增的，高耸的D.heaving（用力）举起；拖v.

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“这是一座现代化的城市，到处都是______高楼大厦”可知，空格处修饰的是towerblocks（高楼大厦），soaring可表示“树木、建筑等高耸”，所以该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项指太阳、月亮的上升；

B、D项不符合句意。.

【句意】这是一座现代化的城市，到处都是高耸的高楼大厦。

10.单选题

Althoughhewasknowntobeextremelyreservedinhispublicbehavior,scholarshavediscoveredthathisdiarieswerewrittenwithuncommonfrankness.

问题1选项

A.aloof

B.tender

C.lucid

D.reticent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然大家都知道他在公开场合极其保守，但学者们发现他的日记写得非常坦率。A选项aloof“冷淡的，远离的，冷漠的”；B选项tender“温柔的”；C选项lucid“易懂的”；D选项reticent“沉默的，谨慎的，有保留的”。reserved意为“保守的，保留的”，选项D与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。

11.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich（）.

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause（）.

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause（）.

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat（）.

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime（）.

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”，可知《消除电视的四个理由》是美国的狂热畅销书，经过八个版本之后，仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”，可知他认为，广告是为了利益而植入价值观，是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出JerryMander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段，“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”，可知曼德认为，即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切，也为时已晚，关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息，人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段，“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”，可知人们只是被动地坐着，每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕，听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为，每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动，反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”，可知曼德认为，另一个令人担忧的事实是，长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresources,whichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】句意:美国社会是建立在自然资源的不稳定的基础上的，这与环境恶化的可能性相关联。

短语辨析。Beestablishedon以…为基础;beaffiliatedto隶属于;beoriginatedfrom起源于，创始于;beincorporatedwith结合。根据题干中的foundation(基础)判断A符合句意。

13.单选题

Studentsshouldknowbetterthan（

）petslikedogs,catsandmouseatdormitory.

问题1选项

A.tofeed

B.feeding

C.tohavefed

D.fed

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。than后一般是接名词或者动名词短语形式的词，故四个选项只有B符合语境。句意为：学生应该知道最好不要在宿舍里养狗、猫和老鼠之类的宠物。

14.单选题

Usuallynewspapers（）forpeoplewithintellectualinterests.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.furnish

C.regard

D.cater

【答案】D

【解析】cater for为固定搭配,指迎合...,其他三个选择项都是及物动词,不能直接跟介词for。句意：人口稠密的地区是传染病的滋生地。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Aninvisibleborderdividesthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomonthebehalfofstudents’careerprospectsandthosearguingforcomputersintheclassroomforbroaderreasonsofradicaleducationalreform.Veryfewwritersonthesubjecthaveexploredthisdistinction—whichgoestotheheartofwhatiswrongwiththecampaigntoputcomputersintheclassroom.

Aneducationthataimsatgettingastudentacertainkindofjobisatechnicaleducation,justifiedforreasonsradicallydifferentfromwhyeducationisuniversallyrequiredbylaw.Itisnotsimplytoraiseeveryone’sjobprospectsthatallchildrenarelegallyrequiredtoattendschoolintotheirteens.Rather,wehaveacertainconceptionoftheAmericancitizen,acharacterwhoisincompleteifhecannotcompetentlyassesshowhislivelihoodandhappines