考研考博-英语-巴中职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-巴中职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化的底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和尺寸形状恰好的地毯。此时此刻，他们沉醉在民主、小康、有车开的幸福中，生活从来没有这么好。

他们不愿意走路。统计表明：他们把从停车场到购物中心的距离设计得很短，由于没有足够的远离街道的停车设施，城市到处都是在马路随便停靠的汽车和停车计价表。拥挤成为影响环境的主要因素，从统计中看出：每个家庭拥有两辆车的状况会使事情更糟。

同时，“地价”带来的不仅是伤害，还有侮辱。土地的价值缘于它的用途，它的收入来自它提供的服务。当它的用途被加强，它的收入和价值也就增加。“充分合理利用土地”成为城市发展主要经济标准。这种投机的方法和人口增长带来的压力导致了城市的“垂直”上升，人们也不得不适应这种拥挤来维持这些相对虚假的土地价值。荒谬的是试图消除拥挤的良方就是创造更多的拥挤。

部分的分散，或者叫虚假的分散，在远离传统市镇中心的地方大片开发，只是把疾病转移到市镇的周边。如果没有和市镇交通系统重建相结合起来的话，就无法治愈。对于这一点，铺设复杂的十字路口的必要性强烈影响工程解决办法，反过来，又被夸张的地价挫败。

【答案】Thetragicinfluenceofmoderncitiesonhumanbeingsisthattheykillthebeautyofhumanbeings.Thematerialbenefitsofanaffluentsocietydivertattentionfromthecityanditsculturalheritagetotechnologicalproducts:washingmachines,centralheating,automaticcookers,televisions,computersandfloorcoveringsoftherightsizeandshape.Atthismoment,theyareintoxicatedindemocracy,well-off,carhappiness,lifehasneverbeensogood.

Theyareunwillingtowalk.Statisticsshowthattheyhavedesignedashortdistancefromtheparkinglottothecenterofshopping.Sincetherearenotenoughparkingfacilitiesfarawayfromthestreet,thecityisfullofcarsandparkingmetersrandomlyparkedonthestreet.Crowdinghasbecomeamajorfactorintheenvironment,andbyallaccounts,havingtwocarsperfamilymakesthingsworse.

Atthesametime,“landprice”bringsnotonlyhurt,butalsoinsult.Landisvaluedforitsuse,anditsincomecomesfromtheservicesitprovides.Whenitsuseisstrengthened,itsincomeandvalueincrease.“Makefullandreasonableuseofland”becamethemaineconomicstandardofurbandevelopment.Thisspeculativeapproachandthepressuresofpopulationgrowthhaveledtoa“vertical”riseincities,andpeoplehavehadtoadapttothecrowdingtomaintaintheserelativelyfalselandvalues.Paradoxically,thebestwaytotrytoeliminatecongestionistocreatemore.

Partialdispersions,orfalsedispersions,developlargetractsoflandfarfromthetraditionaltowncenter,merelymovingdiseasetotheperipheryofthetown.Thereisnocureifitisnotcombinedwiththereconstructionofthetown’stransportsystem.Tothisend,thenecessityoflayingcomplexintersectionsstronglyinfluencesengineeringsolutions,whichinturnarefrustratedbyexaggeratedlandprices.

2.单选题

Thescientistswereveryfrustratingastheytriedagainandagaintousethemechanicalarmtopickupthesmooth,slipperyobjectfromthebottomoftheseaandbringitintothevessel.

问题1选项

A.wereveryfrustrating

B.asthey

C.againandagain

D.bringitintothevessel.

E.没有问题

【答案】A

【解析】形容词误用。frustrating改为frustrated。frustrated：挫败的，泄气的，符合句意。frustrating：令人沮丧的。

3.翻译题

1.Ahealthysystemofhighereducationoffersmanyrewards:scientificdiscoveries,eventualandevenunforeseenapplications,thoughtfulpoliticalleadership,intelligentpublicdiscourse,culturalvitality,andaneducatedworkforce.Higherlearningservesseveralgoalsincoordination,goalsthataremutuallyreinforcing.Theaimsareatoncepersonalandsocial,privateandpublic,economic,ethical,andintellectual.Ofcourse,highereducationhasautilitarianfunction.Inthatregard,asRobertBellah（罗伯特·贝拉）states,itpossesses"itsownlegitimacy".Yet,itiscrucialtocombineandintegratethatfunctionwithotheraimsandends,withwhatBellahcalls"educationforthedevelopmentofcharacter,citizenship,andculture.''

2.Whileitistruethatlivingorganismsareprofoundlyaffectedbytheirenvironment,itisequallyimportanttorememberthatmanyorganismsarealsocapableofalteringtheirhabitantsignificantly,sometimeslimitingtheirowngrowth.Theinfluenceofthebiologicalcomponentofanecosystemisoftengreaterinfreshwatersthanthatinmarineorterrestrialsystems,becauseofthesmallsizeofmanyfreshwaterbodies.

【答案】1.健康的高等教育系统提供许多奖励：科学发现（最终甚至不可预见的应用）、深思熟虑的政治领导、智慧的公共演讲、文化活力以及受过教育的劳动力。高等院校有以下几个协调目标,这几个目标是相辅相成的。其目的在于个人与社会，私人和公共，经济、道德和智力之间的协调。当然，高等教育具有实用功能。在这方面，正如罗伯特·贝拉指出的那样，它拥有"自己的合法性"。然而，关键是要结合和整合其他意图和目的的功能，就像贝拉所呼吁的那样"教育为品格、公民身份和文化的发展服务"。

2.尽管生物会深受其环境的影响是确凿无疑的，但同样重要的是，我们应记住，许多生物也能极大地改变它们的栖息地，从而在某些情况下限制着它们自身的生长。某一生态系统中的生物组成部分的影响在淡水环境中往往要比在海洋或陆地系统中大，因为淡水中许多生物体的身体尺寸都很小。

4.写作题

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300word.

1.WriteapieceofArgumentationwiththetopic“Exam”.Youressayshouldmeetthefollowingrequirements:

1)Showyourviewwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyourviewwithnofewerthan2concretedetails;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

2.Inordertoenhanceandcultivatecultureconfidence,theMinisteroftheMinistryofEducationproposedtoinvolvetraditionalcultureinthecurriculumoncampus.

1)Stateyouropinionabouttheproposalwithathesisstatement;

2)Supportyouropinionwithnofewerthan2concretedetail;

3)Andconcludeyouressaywithanechototheintroduction.

【答案】略

5.翻译题

紧跟世界新军事革命加速发展的潮流，积极稳妥进行国防和军队改革，推动中国特色军事变革深入发展。坚持以创新发展军事理论为先导，着力提高国防科技工业自主创新能力，深入推进军队组织形态现代化，构建中国特色现代军事力量体系。高度关注海洋、太空、网络空间安全，积极运筹和平时期军事力量运用，不断拓展和深化军事斗争准备，提高以打赢信息化条件下局部战争能力为核心的完成多样化军事任务能力。

【答案】答：

Weshouldcloselyfollowthenewglobalmilitaryrevolutionthatisgatheringpace,advancereformofournationaldefenseandarmedforcesinabothactiveandprudentway,anddeepenmilitarytransformationwithChinesecharacteristics.Withinnovativemilitarytheoriestakingthelead,weshouldenhanceourcapacityforinnovationindefense-orientedresearchandindustries,modernizethemilitaryorganizationalstructure,andbuildasystemofmodernmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics.Weshouldattachgreatimportancetomaritime,spaceandcyberspacesecurity.Weshouldmakeactiveplanningfortheuseofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime,expandandintensifymilitarypreparedness,andenhancethecapabilitytoaccomplishawiderangeofmilitarytasks,themostimportantofwhichistowinlocalwarinaninformationage.

6.单选题

Themosturgentthingistofindadumpforthosetoxicindustrialwastes.

问题1选项

A.imminent

B.recyclable

C.smelly

D.poisonous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“即将来临的，迫近的”；B选项“可回收利用的”；C选项“有臭味的”；D选项“有毒的，恶毒的”；题干中toxic“有毒的，中毒的”，句意：最紧迫的事情是找到一个倾倒有毒工业废料的地方。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

The（

）ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.descent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项cause“原因”。

句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项A符合句意。

8.填空题

Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefact

thatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequite

A

B

C

discouragedtobeatthebottomofthetopGrade!

D

【答案】Ddiscouraged改为discouraging

【解析】【考查点】形容词。

【解题思路】discouraged的意思为“沮丧的，气馁的”，指的是人自己的感受，discouraging的意思为“使人沮丧的，令人气馁的”，指的是某个事物令人沮丧，这里指的是倒数第一这件事令人沮丧，因此D部分应为“discouraging”。

【句意】我们认为把学生按成绩分班有很多弊端。这没有考虑到儿童发展的速度不同这一事实。这对聪明的孩子和不那么聪明的孩子都有消极的影响。毕竟，在高手如云的班级中倒数第一这件事，相当令人沮丧！

9.单选题

Nearlyalltreeshaveseedsthatfalltotheearth,takeroot,andeventually().

问题1选项

A.generatenewseeds

B.newseedsgenerated

C.generatesnewseeds

D.newseedsaregenerated

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法知识。本句的that用来引导定语从句修饰先行词seeds，定语从句中有三个并列的动作：fall，takeroot，generate；三个动作形式保持一致，因此A选项符合题意。

10.单选题

ThetragedyoftheCHALLENGER（

）anongoingcontroversyonallaspectsofAmerica’sspaceprogram.

问题1选项

A.aroused

B.rose

C.arose

D.lifted

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。arouse意为“激起，引起（反应或态度）”；rise意为“上升，攀升，提高”，其过去式为rose；arise是不及物动词，意为“发生，产生，出现”，其过去式为arose；lift意为“举起，抬起”。

句意：挑战者的悲剧在美国太空计划的各个方面引起了持续不断的争议。

11.单选题

Althoughitrulesthattheseisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect’’,a（

）moralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

问题1选项

A.century’sold

B.centuryold

C.centuries’sold

D.centuries-old

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词所有格。空格后有名词principle，因此空格处为定语。名词不能直接修饰名词，需要加上名词所有格形式，century加上’s，可表示“长达一个世纪的”，前面的冠词a决定century为单数。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasajarringreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeravisceralresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheeventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoraleoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?"Theuseofterrorismasatacticispredicateduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisincommensuratewiththeactualthreaten,"saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolencebecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed，buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquityofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.’’

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,"saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheadingcanhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1,000oftheenemy,"HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization."

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTamongthereasonsthatchangetherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?（

）

2.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,whydoes"publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitself”?（

）

3.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat（

）.

4.Therandomnessandtheubiquityoftheterroristactsbringtothepublictheimpressionthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.Breakthemoraleoftheiropponent.

B.Advancesintechnology.

C.ThepopularityoftheInternet.

D.Prosperityofmedia.

问题2选项

A.Becausepsychologicalterrorismisatactic.

B.Becauseterrorismdependsonaclimateoffearratherthanontheactualthreat.

C.Becausetheuseofterrorismistoinspirefearthatismoredestructivethantheactualthreat.

D.Becausepublicizingtheviolencecanmakemorepeopleknowtheactualthrea

问题3选项

A.theimpactofpsychologicalterrorrelieslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicized

B.therearevariouswaystohavetheimpactofpsychologicalterror

C.theAmericanmediaiseffective

D.thewaysdeterminestheeffect

问题4选项

A.theterroristsareexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptives

B.thethreatisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spower

C.theterroristsarepowerfulandpervasive

D.theforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干关键词psychologicalwarfare定位至第二段第一句,紧接着后面就提出了原因,advancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet和proliferationofnewscoverage,分别对应选项B，C，D，只有选项A没有提及。

2.细节题。根据题干关键词RichardBulliet定位至第五段。第五段指出原因在于恐怖主义的策略就是创造一种和实际并不相符的恐惧氛围。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词Iranianhostagecrisis定位至第六段。选项D与第六段第四句重现。

4.细节题。根据题干关键词Therandomnessandtheubiquity定位至第七段，最后一句指出：这种威胁的随机性和普遍性给人的印象是其破坏能力大大增强。因此选项C正确。

13.单选题

（

）inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.

问题1选项

A.Originallycultivated

B.Originallybeingcultivated

C.Havingoriginallycultivated

D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时thebanana，从四个选项可知cultivate是一个关键词，其与thebanana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是was过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。

14.单选题

TheTitanicturnedjustintimeandnarrowlymissedtobestruckbytheimmensewallofice

A

B

whichroseover100feetoutofthewaterbesideher.

C

D

问题1选项

A.just

B.tobestruck

C.rose

D.beside

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。missdoingsth.意为“避免做某事”，此处表示被动，因此用过去分词。

试题答案：B;beingstruck

15.填空题

Directions:Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,oneineachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeaword,addawordordeleteaword.Ifyouchangeaword,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertion(∧)inthecorrectplaceandwritethemissingwordintheblank.Ifyoudeleteaword,crossitoutandbesuretoputaslash(/)intheblank.

Example:

Televisionisrapidlybecomingtheliteratureofourperiod.

1._time_

Manyoftheargumentshavingusedforthestudyofliteratureasa

2.__/___

schoolsubjectarevalidfor∧studyoftelevision.

3._the__

Peoplewhosellgoodsandservicesoverthetelephoneare

calledtelemarketers.India,thePhilippines,ChinaandSouthAfrica

areamongcountrieswhiletelemarketingisagrowingindustry.Others,

1.______

suchasMauritius,wanttoenterintothebusiness.Thisshouldnotbe

2.______

difficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests.Manyinternational

3.______

companieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswhere

thewagesarehigher.Peoplemayhavenoideaifacallcenterworkeris

4.______

ontheothersideoftheworld.

Mostcallcentersareusednotonlyfortelemarketing.Workersalso

helpcustomers.Theycollectinformationwithcompanies.Infact,India’s

5.______

callcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”

6.______

AboutseventycompaniestheredotelemarketingforAmericanbusinesses.

Someexpertsestimatethatmorethan250,000telemarketingjobshave

alreadymovedoutoftheUnitedStates.Theseandotherjobsinthe

servicesindustryareexpectedtocontinuetoleaveofthecountry.

7.______

Thisamountcouldincreasedependingonhowalegalbattleovera

National“donotcall”listissettled.Morethanfifty-millionAmericanshave

signedontoanewgovernmentlisttopreventphonecallsfrom

telemarketers.Thesecallsofteninterferewithfamilytimesordinner.President

8.______

Bushsupportsthedo-not-calllist,thattookeffectthismonth.Telemarketers

9.______

couldfacelargefinesforviolations,thoughsomekindsofcallsarestill

permitted.Theindustrysaysthelistviolatestherightoffreespeech.Inaddition,

10.______

lawmakerswhorepresentareaswithcallcentersworryaboutthelossofjobs.

ThefearisthatmoreAmericancallcenterswillcloseormoveoverseasifthe

listisenforced.

【答案】1.while→where

2.into→/

3.of→with

4.higher→lower

5.with→for

6.has∧→been

7.of→/

8.times→time

9.that→which

10.of→to

【解析】1.考查关系代词的使用。由关键词countries“国家”可知，这里的先行词是指地点，所以应该用表示地点的关系代词where。

2.考查动词用法。enter在句子中表示“进入”，为及物动词，后面不需要跟介词into，所以把into去掉。

3.考查介词用法。of表示“……的”；根据句子Thisshouldnotbedifficultforcountriesofthetechnologyandinterests可知，句意为：这对拥有技术和利益的国家来说应该不难。所以该句应该用表达“有”的介词with。

4.考查形容词用法。根据句子Manyinternationalcompanieshavestartedtomovetheircallcenterjobstonationswherethewagesarehigher并结合上文可知句意为：许多跨国公司已经开始将他们的呼叫中心工作转移到工资更低的国家。higher表示“更高的”，所以这里应该改为lower，表示“更低的”。

5.考查介词用法。根据句子Theycollectinformationwithcompanies可知，句意为：他们为公司收集信息。而with表示“和，有”的意思，所以应该把with改为for，表示“为了”。

6.考查语态。根据句子India’scallcenterindustryhasdescribedas“thebackofficeoftheworld.”可知，句意为：印度的呼叫中心行业被称为“世界的后台办公室”。callcenterindustry和described之间是被动的语态，所以应该在has后面跟been表示现在完成时的被动语态。

7.考查介词的使用。leave是及物动词，表示“离开”，后面不需要跟介词，所以应该将of去掉。

8.考查名词的使用。times表示“倍数”，文中指的是“家庭时间”，应该使用time，表示“时间”。

9.考查非限制性定语从句。根据list后面的逗号可知，这里是一个非限制性定语从句，而that不可以引导非限制性定语从句，所以只能用关系代词which。

10.考查固定搭配。righttosth.固定搭配，表示“……的权利”，所以这里应该将介词of改为to。

16.单选题

By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging.Suchvariationsinsize,shape,chemistry,conductionspeed,excitationthreshold,andthelikeashadbeendemonstratedinnervecellsremainednegligibleinsignificanceforanypossiblecorrelationwiththemanifolddimensionsofmentalexperience.

Neartheturnofthecentury,ithadbeensuggestedbyHeringthatdifferentmodesofsensation,suchaspain,taste,andcolor,mightbecorrelatedwiththedischargeofspecifickindsofnervousenergy.However,subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity.Itwaspossibletodemonstratebyothermethodsrefinedstructuraldifferencesamongneurontypes;however,proofwaslackingthatthequalityoftheimpulseoritsconductionwasinfluencedbythesedifferences,whichseemedinsteadtoinfluencethedevelopmentalpatterningoftheneuralcircuits.Althoughqualitativevarianceamongnerveenergieswasneverrigidlydisproved,thedoctrinewasgenerallyabandonedinfavoroftheopposingview,namely,thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem.Accordingtothistheory,itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview.Inoneexperiment,whenanelectricstimuluswasappliedtoagivensensoryfieldofthecerebralcortexofaconscioushumansubject,itproducedasensationoftheappropriatemodalityforthatparticularlocus,thatis,avisualsensationfromthevisualcortex,anauditorysensationformtheauditorycortex,andsoon.Otherexperimentsrevealedslightvariationsinthesize,number,arrangement,andinterconnectionofthenervecells,butasfaraspsychoneuralcorrelationswereconcerned,theobvioussimilaritiesofthesesensoryfieldstoeachotherseemedmuchmoreremarkablethananyoftheminutedifferences.

However,corticallocus,initself,turnedouttohavelittleexplanatoryvalue.Studiesshowedthatsensationsasdiverseasthoseofred,black,greenandwhite,ortouch,cold,warmth,movement,pain,posture,andpressureapparentlymayarisetothroughactivationof

thesamecorticalareas.Whatseemedtoremainwassomekindofdifferentialpatterningeffectsinthebrainexcitationitisthedifferenceinthecentraldistributionofimpulsesthatcounts.Inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetweenmentalexperienceandtheactivityofrelativelyhomogeneousnerve-cellunitsconductingessentiallyhomogeneousimpulsesthroughhomogeneouscerebraltissue.Tomatchthemultipledimensionsofmentalexperiencepsychologistscouldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.

1.Theauthorsuggeststhat,by1950,attemptstocorrelatementalexperiencewithbrainprocesseswouldprobablyhavebeenviewedwith（）.

2.Theauthormentions“commoncurrency”inline12primarilyinordertoemphasizethe（）

3.Thedescriptioninlines15-17ofanexperimentinwhichelectricstimuliwereappliedtodifferentsensoryfieldsofthecerebralcortextendstosupportthetheorythat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’sopinionofthesuggestionthatdifferentareasofthebraindetermineperceptionsproducedbysensorynerveimpulses?（）

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingexhibittheLEASTqualitativevariation?（）

问题1选项

A.indignation

B.impatience

C.pessimism

D.indifference

问题2选项

A.lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulsesinhumanbeings

B.similarityofthesensationsthatallhumanbeingsexperience

C.similaritiesintheviewsofscientistswhohavestudiedthehumannervoussystem

D.continuouspassageofnerveimpulsesthroughthenervoussystem

问题3选项

A.thesimplepresenceofdifferentcorticalareascannotaccountforthediversityofmentalexperience

B.variationinspatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulsescorrelateswithvariationinsubjectiveexperience

C.nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousandarerelativelyunaffectedastheytravelthroughthenervoussystem

D.thementalexperiencesproducedbysensorynerveimpulsesaredeterminedbythecorticalareaactivate

问题4选项

A.Itisaplausibleexplanation,butithasnotbeencompletelyproved.

B.Itisthebestexplanationofbrainprocessescurrentlyavailable.

C.Itisdisprovedbythefactthatthevariousareasofthebrainarephysiologicallyverysimilar.

D.Thereissomeevidencetosupportit,butitfailstoexplainthediversityofmentalexperience.

问题5选项

A.Nervecells

B.Nerveimpulses

C.Corticalareas

D.Spatialpatternsofnerveimpulses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话By1950,theresultsofattemptstorelatebrainprocessestomentalexperienceappearedratherdiscouraging提到直到1950年，试图将大脑运转过程与心理活动联系起来的努力并不鼓舞人心。可知是不乐观的，选项C符合题意。

2.题干中的commoncurrency出现在句子：thatnerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneousinqualityandaretransmittedas“commoncurrency”throughoutthenervoussystem中，与句子中的homogeneous的意思相似，选项A的lackofdifferentiationamongnerveimpulses与nerveimpulsesareessentiallyhomogeneous的同义转述，所以选项A符合题意。

3.文章第15-17行描述的实验是电刺激作用于有意识的人体大脑皮层的某一特定感觉区域实验，这个实验的理论来源，itisnotthequalityofthesensorynerveimpulsesthatdeterminesthediverseconscioussensationstheyproduce,butratherthedifferentareasofthebrainintowhichtheydischarge,andthereissomeevidenceforthisview，选项D“感觉神经冲动产生的心理体验是由皮质区域激活”。选项D符合题意。

4.文章第二段第二句话However，subsequentlydevelopedmethodsofrecordingandanalyzingnervepotentialsfailedtorevealanysuchqualitativediversity提到据此开发的记录和分析神经潜力的方法不能反应这种多样性。选项D与其表达一致，符合题意。

5.文章最后一段“inshort,braintheorysuggestedacorrelationbetween...couldonlypointtoalimitlessvariationinthespatiotemporalpatterningofnerveimpulses.”提到神经细胞、神经冲动、皮质区域都可以产生质的变化，而神经冲动的空间模式并没有达到质变。选项D符合题意。

17.单选题

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot（）.Youshouldnotrefertothem.

问题1选项

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。accurate“精确的”；fixed“确定的，固执的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“严格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份报告中的统计数字是不精确的，你不应该参考它们。A项符合题意。

18.单选题

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthe