考研考博-英语-上海中华职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海中华职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave（

）suppliesofpetroleum.

问题1选项

A.sufficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.proficient

【答案】A

【解析】形容词辨析。sufficient足够的，充足的；efficient有效率，有能力的；potential潜在的，可能的；proficient熟练的，精通的。空格处应该为一个形容词修饰suppliesofpetroleum（石油供应），根据前面部分“TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworried（欧盟国家曾一度担心……）”可知，此处应表示“充足的石油供应”，因此A项符合句意。句意：欧盟国家曾一度担心他们没有充足的石油供应。

2.单选题

Thursdaymarkedthe42nd（）ofman’sfirststeponthemoon.

问题1选项

A.ceremony

B.decade

C.occasion

D.anniversary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项ceremony“典礼，仪式，礼节”，B选项decade“十年，年代”，C选项occasion“时机，场合”，D选项anniversary“周年纪念日”。句意：星期四是人类踏上月球第42周年纪念日。因此，D选项符合句意。

3.单选题

Amembershipcard（）theholdertousetheclub’sfacilitiesforaperiodoftwelvemonths.

问题1选项

A.approves

B.authorizes

C.rectifies

D.endows

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项approve“同意，赞成”，B项authorize“授权，认可”，C项rectify“纠正，改正”，D项endow“赋予，捐赠”。根据句子关键词membershipcard（会员卡）可知，空格部分表示“授权”，只有B项符合。句意：持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。因此，该题选择B项正确。

4.单选题

ThecommitteewillconsiderwhetherornotMr.Wilsonhasbeen（

）seriousprofessionalmisconduct.

问题1选项

A.waryof

B.guiltyof

C.confrontedwith

D.reducedto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。waryof意为“谨防的，小心翼翼的”；guiltyof意为“有罪”；confrontwith意为“面对，面临”；reduceto意为“减少至”。由seriousprofessionalmisconduct（严重的失职）可知选B。

句意：委员会将考虑威尔逊先生是否犯了严重的失职罪。

5.单选题

Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.Theexistingframeworkrelatingtophysicalassaultandcareofthedeadhasnoprovisionfororgantransplantation.Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.Compulsorypostmortemexamination,afarmoreextensiveprocedurethanorganremovalforgrafting,isrequiredinmostcountriesafterunexpecteddeath,andthiscompulsionisnotamatterofpublicconcernanddebate.

Therewouldseemtobenoreasonwhyorganremovalfortransplantationpurposesshouldnotalsobeacceptabletopublicopinion,providedthereisamechanismbywhichindividualsintheirlifetimecanrefusethispermission.This,ofcourse,requiresanefficientregisterofthosewhoindicatetheirrefusal;theregisterwouldbeconsultedbeforeanyorganswouldberemoved.Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.

Transplantationhasobviouslyraisedimportantethicalconsiderationsconcerningthediagnosisofdeath,andparticularly,howfarresuscitationshouldbecontinued.Everyeffortmustbemadetorestoretheheartbeattosomeonewhohashadasuddencardiacarrestorbreathingtosomeonewhocannotbreathe.Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasuggestionmadeinthepassage?

3.Theword“impair”attheendofParagraph2canbebestreplacedby（

）.

4.Itisbelievedthateffortsatresuscitationareuselesswhen

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbestsumupthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Mostcountriesdonothaveaneffectivelawonorgantransplantation

B.Thetraditionalwaysofaskingforpermissionofrelativesfororganremovaldosnotprovedtobealwaysfeasible

C.Itishardtounderstandwhypeopleshouldremainsilentoncompulsorypostmortemexamafterunexpecteddeath.

D.Insomecountriesthesearelawsprovidingthatthepermissionoforganremovalistakenforgrantedunlessithasbeenrefusedbythepersoninhislifetime.

问题2选项

A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtodonatetheirorgansafterdeath

B.Organremovalshouldbepermittedinthecourseofcompulsorypostmortemexam.

C.Organremovalfortransplantationshouldbeadvocatedbecauseitbenefitsthehumansociety

D.Organremovalfortransplantationcouldbeconsideredlegalunlessthedeadpersonstatedotherwiseinhislifetime.

问题3选项

A.neglect

B.weaken

C.cometogetherwith

D.besuperiorto

问题4选项

A.artificialrespirationandmassageofthehearthaveyieldednoobviousresult

B.aperson’sheartbeatandbreathhastotallystopped

C.standardmethodsofresuscitationhavefailed

D.thebrainiscertainlydead

问题5选项

A.Legalandethicalproblemsoforgantransplantation

B.Someunderlyingprinciplesonorgantransplantation

C.Thediagnosisofdeathbeforeorgantransplantation

D.Thedifferencebetweencompulsorypostmortemexamandorgantransplantation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段首句Inmostcountries,thelawonorgantransplantationispoorlydefined,aslegislationhasnotyetbeencreatedtocopewiththisadvanceinsurgery.（在大多数国家，器官移植的法律定义很不明确，因为尚未制定出针对外科手术进步的立法）可知A选项“大多数国家没有关于器官移植的有效法律”正确；由第一段中的Itiscustomarytoaskthepermissionoftherelatives,butbecauseorganremovalmusttakeplaceimmediatelyafterdeath,itmaybeimpossibletoreachtherelativesintime.（习惯上要征得亲属的允许，但由于器官的摘除必须在死亡后立即进行，可能无法及时联系到亲属）可知B选项“传统的器官摘除请求亲属许可的方法并不总是可行的”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.SuchlawshavebeenpassedinDenmark,France,Sweden,Italy,andIsrael.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可。丹麦、法国、瑞典、意大利和以色列都通过了这样的法律）可知D选项“在一些国家，这些法律规定，除非个人在一生中拒绝摘除，否则摘除器官的许可是理所当然的”正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D，因此选C。

2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatthereshouldbeawidespreadcampaigntoencouragepersonstoprovideintheirwillsthattheirorgansbeusedfortransplantation.（有人建议，应开展广泛的宣传，鼓励人们在其遗嘱中规定将其器官用于移植）可知A选项“应该鼓励人们在死后捐献器官”和C选项“器官移植应该提倡，因为它有利于人类社会”正确；由第一段中的Analternativeistoprovidebylawthatpermissionisassumedunlessremovalhasbeenforbiddenbytheindividualinhislifetime.（另一种办法是通过法律规定，除非个人在一生中禁止摘除，否则必须获得许可）可知D选项“移植器官的摘除可被视为合法，除非死者在其有生之年另有说明”符合题意。通过排除法排除A、C、D，因此选B。

3.词义题。neglect意为“忽视，疏忽”；weaken意为“减弱，削弱”；cometogetherwith意为“和……一起”；besuperiorto意为“优越于，不受诱惑”。“impair”出现文章第二段“Itisimportantthattherebepublicreassurancethatconsiderationoftransplantationwouldnotimpairnormalresuscitativeeffortsofthepotentialdonor.（重要的是，政府要保证，考虑移植不会……潜在供者的正常复苏努力）”中，由此可知B选项最符合逻辑关系。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Artificialrespirationandmassageoftheheart,thestandardmethodsofresuscitation,arecontinueduntilitisclearthatthebrainisdead.Mostphysiciansconsiderthatbeyondthispointeffortsatresuscitationareuseless.（人工呼吸和心脏按摩以及复苏的标准方法一直持续到脑死亡。大多数医生认为除此之外，努力复苏是无用的）可知选D。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了器官移植法律和伦理方面的问题，因此选A。

6.翻译题

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.，theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore，thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期，即从童年到成年之间的这段时期，可能很长，也可能很短，这取决于社会的期望和社会对什么是成熟和成年的定义。在原始社会，青春期往往是相对较短的一段时间，而在人们受教育时间较长的工业社会，再加上反对童工的法律，青春期的时间要长得多，可能包括人生第二个十年的大部分时间。此外，随着社会和经济条件的变化，在特定社会中，青春期的长度和成年身份的定义可能会发生变化。这类变化的例子如：19世纪后半叶美国边疆的消失，更普遍的是农业社会的工业化。

7.单选题

Thereisno______tothehousefromthemainroad.

问题1选项

A.access

B.exposure

C.avenue

D.edge

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.access通路；入径B.exposure面临，遭受（危险或不快）

C.avenue（城镇的）大街D.edge边缘；边线

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词fromthemainroad（从主路）可知，空格处所表达的是去房子的“通道”，所以该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B、D项不符合句意；

C项是指城镇的大街，故排除。

【句意】从大路没有通路到那所房子。

8.单选题

（

）hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhis

assignment.

问题1选项

A.Muchthough

B.Muchas

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】B

【解析】考查状语从句。as可以引导原因状语从句，though不能引导原因状语从句。as引导原因状语的时候进行倒装，much是用来修饰want的程度副词

句意：因为周末他很想跟他的朋友出去玩，所以他不得不留下来完成作业。

9.翻译题

PutthefollowingChineseintoEnglish.

网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。

公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。

合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。

人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。

【答案】Networkusersandnetworkserviceproviderswhoinfringeuponthecivilrightsorinterestsofothersvianetworkshallbearthetortliability.

Publiclawadjustsandregulatestherelationshipamongnaturalpersons,legalpersonsandthestate.Itincludesadministrativeregulations,criminallawsandotherlawsrelatedtopublicorder.

Acontractisanagreementbetweenthepartiestoestablish,changeorterminateacivilrelationship.Acontractestablishedinaccordancewiththelawshallbeprotectedbylaw.

Theacquisitionandexerciseofpropertyrightsshallabidebythelaw,respectsocialmoralityandnotdamagepublicinterestsandlegitimaterightsandinterestsofothers.

Forthosecasesthatinfringeoncopyrightorrelativerights.People'sCourtcanconfiscateillegalproceeds,infringingcopiesandpropertiesforillegalactivitieswhentryingacase.

10.问答题

ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewest,anotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.ItscenterwasbeneathpresentdaySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoenclosemostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisianaandOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asitisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1,100,thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofacliffyIndiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30,000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokis,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramicsfinelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmicasheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12,000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintool-making,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.InrelationtotheMississippianculture,theMoundBuilderculturewaslocated（

）.

3.Fromthispassage,wecaninferthatMeso-Americancultureshadatraditionof（

）.

【答案】1.主旨大意题。文章以MoundBuilderculture开头，进而引出对MississippiCulture的介绍。

试题答案：

ThepassagemainlyintroducesthedevelopmentandachievementofMississippiCulture.

2.推理怕断题。由文章开头中的“ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilderculturewasdeclining...Tothewest,anotherculture”可知MoundBuilderculture位于东方。

试题答案：

intheeast

3.细节事实题。由文章中的“probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandcommerce”可推测Meso-Americancultures有商业贸易的传统。

试题答案：

tradeandcommerce

11.单选题

Thefarmerusedwoodtobuildahouse______tostoregrain.

问题1选项

A.which

B.where

C.with

D.inwhich

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意：那位农民用木头盖了一所房子，用来储存粮食。横线前面部分是完整的主谓宾结构，横线到句尾要么是短语要么是从句，根据语境，后面部分还原成tostoregraininahouse，强调在房子里面储存粮食，D选项inwhich是修饰storegrain的状语，A选项which不能作状语；B选项where虽然也可以作状语，但是指在建造房子的整个地方，而不是房子里面；C选项with后面接介词to语法错误。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Howcanyou（）andwatchthecountrygotoruin?

问题1选项

A.standby

B.standfor

C.standup

D.standupfor

【答案】A

【解析】动词词组辨析。standby袖手旁观，站在旁边；standfor代表，象征；standup站起来，坚持；standupfor支持，拥护。句意：你怎么能袖手旁观，看着这个国家走向毁灭呢?选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

问题2选项

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

问题3选项

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

问题4选项

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），选项C符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先锋企业因为没有前期准备进行开拓进取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接着又提到“到1995年，60%的这些企业倒闭”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），说明没做好准备的企业坚持不了很长时间，而要想成功，必须做好准备，选项A“为自己的新生意做好十足准备”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于对小企业的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到60%的先锋企业倒闭是因为没有做好准备，并不是因为它们开始得早，所以选项B“开始得越早，倒闭得越快”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段最后一句话的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句话提到“只有当资金源泉干涸时，他们才看到问题的严重性，而那个时候，这个病人（即小企业）已经无药可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此选项C“小企业老板用光了钱之后才意识到问题，但是已经为时已晚”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要讲述了小企业如何建立、又如何因为没有提前意识到问题而破产、如何成功发展小企业等问题，选项A“如何在小企业中成为胜利者”符合题意。

14.单选题

Althoughshewrotealotofshortstoriesandpoemswhenshewasveryyoung,（

）shewastwenty-five.

问题1选项

A.herfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

B.herrealfirstsuccesscameuntilnot

C.sinceherfirstrealsuccessdidnotcomeuntil

D.notuntilherfirstrealsuccess

【答案】A

【解析】句意:虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但直到25岁她才第一次获得真正的成功。

固定搭配。not...until...表示“直到…才”,故选A。

15.单选题

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer——allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（

）.

问题1选项

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】词组辨析题。payoff付清，取得成功；takeitstoll造成损失，造成伤亡；makeadifference有影响，有关系；showup出现，揭露。

句意：我很高兴的听说你找到了工作，在学校里一切的努力显然都得到了回报。只有选项A符合语境。

16.单选题

Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.

问题1选项

A.operate

B.contribute

C.monitor

D.send

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项operate“操作；经营；引起；行动”；B选项contribute“贡献，出力；投稿；捐献”；C选项monitor“监控”；D选项send“发送，寄；派遣；使进入；发射”。句意：然后，她可以在电脑屏幕上操纵3d图像，绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径。结合此处关键短语maptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpath“绘制出最短、侵袭性最小的肿瘤手术路径”，得知A选项最符合句意。

17.单选题

Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcornerswhich,ifuncheckedforlongperiods,will______intobadhabits.

问题1选项

A.split

B.sneak

C.delude

D.degenerate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项split“分离，使分离，劈开”，B项sneak“溜，鬼鬼祟祟做事，向老师打小报告”，C项delude“欺骗，哄骗，诱惑”，D项degenerate“使退化，恶化，堕落”。由Themoreskilfulyouare,themoreyontendtocutcorners“你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径”可知，空格处填入“养成、变成”符合语境，而degenerateinto表示“退化为”，意思与之相近。句意：你的技术越熟练，你就越容易走捷径，如果长期不加以控制，就会退化为坏习惯。因此，该题选择D项正确。

18.单选题

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

问题1选项

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

问题2选项

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

问题3选项

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

问题4选项

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每个冰晶的核心都有一个极小的核”选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.简单的雪花有各种美丽的形状，通常是六角形的，尽管雪花在大多数显微镜图像下再生的形状是对称的，但通常在实际的降雪过程中却不是这样的。”由此可知，选项C表述不正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”选项D符合原文。选项A中“plenty”不准确，应该是“constant”；选项B中的温度在文中没有涉及；选项C与题干无关；只有选项D正确，所以本题选D。

4.细节事实题。根据上一题的分析“如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”由此可知，选项B正确。

19.单选题

Thetwosurfaces（

）toeachotherandwecouldn’tgetthemapart.

问题1选项

A.stuck

B.clung

C.cohered

D.adhered

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stickto坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhereto“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。

20.单选题

Thepolicehaddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotoswiththesinger.

问题1选项

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。limit限制，限定；restrain抑制，控制，制止；confine限制，禁闭；restrict限制，约束，限定。Restrict一般指限制某物的大小、数量等；limit一般指空间、时间或数量的极限；confine侧重于不可逾越的限制，比如束缚、囚禁。restrain指阻止,抑制,通常与from搭配,指阻止某人做某事。句意：警察很难阻止歌迷们冲上台与歌手合影。所以选项B更符合本句语境。

21.单选题

ForacountrysuchasBritain,______dependsonamanufacturingbasethatcanmeaninefficiency.

问题1选项

A.who

B.it

C.that

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意和结构，此处应该是一个非限定性定语从句。先行词在从句中作主语，且不指人，而who指人，that一般不用于引导非限制性定语从句，it不能引导从句；故用which。本句句意是：对于像英国这样依赖于一个制造基地的国家，那样意味着低效率。D选项正确。

22.单选题

Asocietyis______onlywhenthehumblestandweakestpersoncanenjoythehighestcivil,economic,andsocialrightsthattheprivilegedandmostpowerfulpossess.

问题1选项

A.conflicting

B.friendly

C.democratic

D.hostile

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项conflicting“冲突的；相矛盾的；不一致的”；B选项friendly“友好的；亲切的；支持的；融洽的，和睦的”；C选项democratic“民主的；民主政治的；大众的”；D选项hostile“敌对的，敌方的；怀敌意的”。句意：只有当最卑微和最弱小的人能够享有最高的公民、经济特权以及拥有和特权阶层和最有权势的人所拥有的社会权利时，一个社会才是民主的。因此C选项正确。

23.单选题

Thefirsttwodecadesofthiscenturyweredominatedbythemicrobehunters.Thesehuntershadtrackeddownoneafteranotherofthemicrobesresponsibleforthemostdreadedscourgesofmanycenturies:tuberculosis,cholera,diphtheria.Butthereremainedsometerriblediseasesforwhichnomicrobecouldbeincriminated:scurvy,pellagra,rickets,andberiberi.Thenitwasdiscoveredthatthesediseaseswerecausedbythelackofvitamins,atracesubstanceinthediet.Thediseasescouldbepreventedorcuredbyconsumingfoodsthatcontainedthevitamins.Andsointhedecadesofthel920sand1930s,nutritionbecameascienceandthevitaminhuntersreplacedthemicrobehunters.

Inthe1940sandl950s,biochemistsstrivedtolearnwhyeachofthevitaminswasessentialforhealth.Theydiscoveredthatkeyenzymesinmetabolismdependononeoranotherofthevitaminsascoenzymestoperformthechemistrythatprovidescellswithenergyforgrowthandfunction.Now,theseenzymehuntersoccupiedcenterstage.

Youareawarethattheenzymehuntershavebeenreplacedbyanewbreedofhunterswhoaretrackinggenes—theblueprintsforeachoftheenzymes—andarediscoveringthe