考研考博-英语-廊坊燕京职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-廊坊燕京职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

The（）airthatlingersaroundthesewerpipesisenoughtomakeanyonegag.

问题1选项

A.raillery

B.noisome

C.supine

D.liturgy

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词、名词词义辨析。A选项raillery“逗趣；开玩笑”；B选项noisome“恶臭的；有害的”；C选项supine“仰卧的；懒得动的；向后靠的”；D选项liturgy“礼拜仪式；圣餐仪式；祷告文”。句意：萦绕在污水管周围的恶臭的空气足以使任何人窒息。结合句意，B选项正确。

2.单选题

[A]Amilk[B]canprovideprotein[C]foracheap,[D]nutritionallybalanceddiet.

问题1选项

A.A

B.canprovide

C.foracheap

D.nutritionally

【答案】A

【解析】【考查点】冠词的使用。

【解题思路】Milk（牛奶）是不可数名词，因此不能用不定冠词a修饰，故去掉a。该题选择A项。

【句意】牛奶可以提供蛋白质，提供便宜、营养均衡的饮食。

3.单选题

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

问题1选项

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。

4.单选题

TheBritishpoliticalsystemhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.

问题1选项

A.improved

B.developed

C.involved

D.survived

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项improved“改进，增加”；B选项developed“发展，发达”；C选项involved“涉及，使参与”；D选项survived“幸存，存活”。句意：英国的政治制度是经过几个世纪的演变而成的。此处只有B选项可以最佳贴近“演变”这个含义，因此B选项符合题意。

5.单选题

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7to8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16to17hour’swakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-liourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleeping.

问题2选项

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomation

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequent

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

问题3选项

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershift

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

问题4选项

A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternates

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

问题5选项

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkersprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Thecase,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines(这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Itnormally,takesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight(通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek(不幸的是，在工业生产中，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B“频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。

3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出:Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers(看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(白天正常工作的人，在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D“人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。

5.判断推理题。根据第四段...itcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection(可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice(然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight(了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A“体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine(因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯)可知选项C“每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork(她发现在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生)可知选项D“长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。

6.单选题

Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.

问题1选项

A.drifting

B.mobile

C.shifting

D.rotating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词分析。drifting意为“漂流的，飘动的”；mobile意为“可移动的，流动的”；shifting意为“转换的”；rotating意为“旋转的”。

句意：该服务机构在全国范围内经营着36家图书馆，其中6家流动图书馆专门为农村服务。

7.单选题

Myboneshavebeenachingagain,astheyoftendoinhumidweather.Theyachelikehistory:thingslongdonewith,thatstillremainaspain.Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.Therearesleepingpills,ofcourse,butthedoctorhaswarnedmeagainstthem.

Lastnight,afterwhatseemedhoursofdampturmoil,Igotupandcreptslipperlessdownthestairs,feelingmywayinthefaintstreetlightthatcamethroughthewindow.Oncesafelyarrivedatthebottom,Iwalkedintothekitchenandlookedaroundintherefrigerator.TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.I'vefallenintothehabitsofthesolitary;mymealsaresnatchedandrandom.Furtivesnacks,furtivetreatsandpicnics.Imadedowithsomepeanutbutter,scoopeddirectlyfromthejarwithaforefinger:whydirtyaspoon?

Standingtherewiththejarinonehandandmyfingerinmymouth,Ihadthefeelingthatsomeonewasabouttowalkintotheroom~someotherwoman,theunseen,validowner~andaskmewhatinhellIwasdoinginherkitchen.I’vehaditbefore,thesensethateveninthecourseofmymostlegitimateanddailyactions—peelingabanana,brushingmyteeth―Iamtrespassing.

Atnightthehousewasmorethaneverlikeastranger's.Iwanderedthroughthefrontroom,thediningroom,theparlour,handonthewallforbalance.Myvariouspossessionswerefloatingintheirownpoolsofshadow,denyingmyownershipofthem.Ilookedthemoverwithaburglar’seye,decidingwhatmightbeworththeriskofstealing,whatontheotherhandIwouldleavebehind.Robberswouldtaketheobviousthings~thesilverteapotthatwasmygrandmother’s,perhapsthehand-paintedchina.Thetelevisionset.NothingIreallywant.

1.Theauthorcouldnotfallasleepbecause（

）.

2.TheauthordidnotlikethefoodintherefrigeratorbecauseitwasNOT（

）.

问题1选项

A.itwastoodampinthebedroom

B.shehadrunoutofsleepingpills

C.shewasinverypoorhealth

D.shefeltveryhungry

问题2选项

A.fresh

B.sufficient

C.nutritious

D.delicious

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问作者不能入睡的原因。由第一段中第三句“Whentheacheisbadenoughitkeepsmefromsleeping.EverynightIyearnforsleep,Istriveforit;yetitfluttersonaheadofmelikeacurtain.当疼痛非常严重时，它让我无法入睡。每晚我都渴望睡觉，我努力去睡着，但是睡觉如同一个窗帘样在我的面前飘动”确定C选项“她身体非常不好”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问作者不喜欢吃冰箱的食物的原因。由第二段第三句“TherewasnothingmuchIwantedtoeat:theremainsofabunchofcelery,ablue-tingedheelofbread,alemongoingsoft.这里没有太多我想吃的东西：剩下的东西有一把芹菜、一块染了蓝色的面包尾部和一个正变软的柠檬”确定A选项“新鲜”正确；B选项“充足的”、C选项“营养的”和D选项“可口的”不正确。

8.单选题

Onlyaselectednumberoflandladiesintheneighborhoodhavebeenallowedbytheuniversitytotakein（

）.

问题1选项

A.lodgers

B.residents

C.settlers

D.inhabitants

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。lodger房客；residents居民；settler移民；inhabitant居民。句意：附近只有少数被挑选的女房东被该大学允许租房给学生。A项符合句意，答案A。

9.单选题

Gotoinspectallthepartstofindwhatwasat（

）.

问题1选项

A.wrong

B.trouble

C.fault

D.difficulty

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。四个选项都表示错误或问题的意思，但是题干中的介词是at，只有选项C能与之搭配。选项A的搭配为“be+wrong”，选项B和D和介词in搭配，所以选项C正确。句意：去检查所有的部件，看看哪里出了问题。选项C符合句意。

10.单选题

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

问题1选项

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起，挑衅”；evoke“引起，唤起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，废除”；invoke“调用，换气”。句意：他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。选项A符合题意。

11.翻译题

各国文明的多样性，是人类社会的基本特征，也是推动世界文明进步的重要动力。当今世界拥有60亿人口，200多个国家和地区，2500多个民族，5000多种语言。由于历史传统、宗教信仰、文化背景、社会制度、价值观念和发展程度的不同，各个国家和地区才具有了各自鲜明的特征，整个人类文明也因此而交相辉映、多姿多彩、富有活力。这种文明的多样性是在历史长河中形成的，并将长期存在下去。我们应该尊重和维护各国文明的多样性，而不应人为歧视或贬低他国文明；应该鼓励各种文明在对话交流中相互借鉴、取长补短，而不应相互隔绝和相互排斥；应该倡导各种文明在相互包容、求同存异中共同发展，而不应强求一律、强加于人。

随着经济全球化和新科技革命的发展，国家间的相互联系和相互依存愈益加深，但这并不意味着可以忽视和削弱国家主权的地位与作用。必须实行国际关系民主化。不尊重别国主权，以大欺小，以强凌弱，推行霸权主义和强权政治，实践证明是行不通的。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】Thediversityoftheworld’scivilizationsisabasichallmarkofhumansocietyandanimportantdrivingforcethatpropelshumanprogress.Ourworldtodayhasover6billioninhabitantslivinginmorethan200countriesandregions.Theybreakdownintoover2,500ethnicgroupsandspeakmorethan5,000differentlanguages.Becauseofthedifferenceinhistoricaltradition,faithandculture,orsocialsystem,valuesandlevelofdevelopment,thosecountriesorregionsareoftendifferentfromoneanother.Itisthesedifferencesthatmakeourplanetdazzling,colorfulandbustlingwithlife.Suchdiversityisalegacyofhistoryandwillstaywithusintothefuture.Insteadofharboringbiasagainstordeliberatelybelittlingothercivilizations,weshouldgivefullrespecttothediversityofcivilizationsallovertheworld.Insteadofshuttingeachotheroutinmutualexclusion,weshouldencouragedialoguesandexchangesbetweencivilizationssothattheycanlearnfromeachotherinmutualemulation.Insteadofdemandinguniformityandimposingone’swillonothers,weshouldpromotecommondevelopmentofallcivilizationsinthecourseofmutualtoleranceandseekingagreementwhileshelvingdifferences.

Withtheglobalizationofeconomyandtheadvancementinnew,scientificandtechnologicalrevolution,theinterconnectionandinterdependencebetweencountriesaredevelopingindepth,butthisdoesn’tmeanallowingofignoringandweakeningthestatusandroleofanation’ssovereignty.Itisnecessarytohavegreaterdemocracyininternationalrelations.Practiceindicatesthatthedisregardforothercountries’sovereignty,thepracticeofthebigoppressingthesmallandthestrongbullyingtheweakandthepursuanceofhegemonismandpowerpoliticswon’twork.

12.单选题

We’llcontinuealongtheroad（）byourpresidentsmorethanseventyyearsago.

问题1选项

A.givenout

B.madeout

C.wipedout

D.mappedout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项giveout“发出，排放，公开，分发”；B选项makeout“艰难地看到，理解，填写”；C选项wipeout“消灭”；D选项mapout“认真安排或设计，绘制”。句意：我们将继续沿着我们两国总统七十多年前（）的道路前进。“发出道路/理解道路/消灭道路”都不符合题意，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

I’mactingas______whilethemanagerisawayonbusiness.

问题1选项

A.agency

B.policy

C.deputy

D.colleague

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agency“（尤指）代理机构，经销机构；（政府的）专门机构”；B选项policy“政策”；C选项deputy“副手；代理人”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差时，由我______。根据语境，这里指经理不在的时候，我来完成他的工作，C选项deputy“副手；代理人”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

14.单选题

Whilefashionisthoughtofusuallyinrelationtoclothing,itisimportanttorealizethatitcoversamuchwiderdomain.Itistobefoundinmanners,thearts,literature,andphilosophy,andmayevenreachintocertainareasofscience.Infact,itmayoperateinanyfieldofgrouplife,apartfromthetechnologicalandutilitarianareaandtheareaofthesacred.Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacaste(社会等级)society.

Fashionbehavesasamovement,andonthisbasisitisdifferentfromcustomwhich,bycomparison,isstatic.Thisisduetothefactthatfashionisbasedfundamentallyondifferentiationandemulation.Inaclasssociety,theupperclassesorso-calledsocialelitearenotabletodifferentiatethemselvesbyfixedsymbolsorbadges.Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.Thisprocessgivestofashionaverticaldescent.However,theeliteclassfindsthatitisnolongerdistinguishable,byreasonoftheimitationmadebyothers,andhenceisledtoadoptnewdifferentiatingcriteria,onlytodisplacetheseastheyinturnareimitated.Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.

Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.Whileitoccursspontaneouslyandmovesalonginacharacteristiccycle,itinvolveslittleinthewayofcrowdbehavioranditisnotdependentuponthediscussionprocessandtheresultingpublicopinion.Itdoesnotdependuponthemechanismsofwhichwehavespoken.Theparticipantsarenotrecruitedthroughagitation.Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.Nordoesthefashionmovementhave,orrequired,anideology.Further,sinceitdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement,itdoesnotbuildupasetoftactics.Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.

1.Itisknownfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingpeopleusuallyleadanewfashion?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,afashionmovement________.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatafashionmovement________.

问题1选项

A.fashionoriginatesinaclasssociety

B.fashioncanbefoundonlyinafewfieldsofgrouplife

C.fashionoperatesineverysociety

D.peopleliketokeepupwithfashioninaprimitivesociety

问题2选项

A.Philosophers.

B.Artists.

C.Thesocialelite.

D.Writers.

问题3选项

A.Fashion,asamovement,istrue.

B.Theupperclassesplayalittleroleinmakingfashionintoamovement.

C.Afashionwillnevervanishonceitislaunched.

D.Afashionisdestinedtodisappearonceitislaunched.

问题4选项

A.haslittleincommonwithothermovements

B.willeventuallydevelopintoasocialorganization

C.hasapowerfulleadershipguidingit

D.hasasetofsymbolsandvalues

问题5选项

A.functionsinthesamewayasspecificsocialmovements

B.isaformofexpressivebehavior

C.canboostthemoraleofitsparticipants

D.contributesagreatdealtothewayofcrowdbehavior

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段最后一句Itsoperationrequiresaclasssociety,forinitsessentialcharacteritdoesnotoccureitherinahomogeneoussocietylikeaprimitivegroup,orinacastesociety.（它的运作需要一个阶级社会，因为从本质上讲，它既不发生在原始群体那样的同质社会，也不发生在种姓社会。），可知A选项“时尚起源于阶级社会”正确，B选项“时尚只存在于群体生活的几个领域”和C选项“时尚存在于每个社会”错误，时尚也不会存在于原始社会，D选项“在原始社会，人们喜欢赶时髦”错误。因此A选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Hencethemoreexternalfeaturesoftheirlifeandbehaviorarelikelytobeimitatedbyclassesimmediatelybelowthem,who,inturn,areimitatedbygroupsimmediatelybelowtheminthesocialstructure.（因此，他们生活和行为的更多外在特征很可能被直接低于他们的阶级所模仿，反过来，这些阶级又被社会结构中直接低于他们的群体所模仿。），这里指的是社会精英，可知社会精英引领时尚，C选项“社会精英”正确。A选项“哲学家”，B选项“艺术家”和D选项“作家”正确。因此C选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据第二段最后一句Itisprimarilythisfeaturethatmakesfashionintoamovementandwhichhasledonewritertoremarkthatafashion,oncelaunched,movestoitsdoom.（正是这一特点使时尚成为一种运动，也正是这一特点使得一位作家评论道，一种时尚一旦推出，就注定要灭亡。），可知时尚会消亡，也就不是真实的，D选项“一种时尚一旦推出就注定要消失”正确，A选项“时尚是一种真实的运动”和C选项“一种时尚一旦推出就永远不会消失”错误。B选项“上层阶级在使时尚成为运动中发挥了一点点作用”：上层阶级是推动时尚的主要人群，不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），所以A选项“与其他运动没有什么共同之处”正确。C选项“有一个强有力的领导引导”：根据文章倒数第二句itdoesnothavealeadershipimpartingconsciousdirectiontothemovement（没有领导为运动提供有意识的方向），可知不符合文章内容。B选项“最终会发展成一个社会组织”和D选项“有一系列符号和价值”文章没有提到。因此A选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句Peopletakepartinthefashionmovementvoluntarilyandinresponsetotheinterestingandpowerfulkindofcontrolwhichfashionimposesonthem.（人们自愿参加时尚运动，是对时尚强加给他们有趣而有力控制的一种响应。），可知时尚运动是一种对时尚的回应，他们通过时尚运动这种行为表达了对时尚的态度，B选项“是一种表达行为”正确。A选项“其功能与特定的社会运动相同”：根据第三段第一句Asamovement,fashionshowlittleresemblancetoanyoftheothermovementswhichwehaveconsidered.（作为一种运动，时尚与我们考虑过的其他运动几乎没有相似之处。），可知时尚运动和其他社会运动没有相同之处。C选项“可以提高参与者的士气”：根据第三段第五句Nomoraleisbuiltupamongthem.（他们没有树立起士气。），可知时尚运动不能提高士气。D选项“对人群行为的方式有很大的贡献”文章没有提到。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Aresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.

Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeinintelligence.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.

Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Weshouldsoonfinddifferenceinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.

1.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman'sintelligenceisgiventohim（

）.

2.Ifachildisbornwithlowintelligence,hecan

（

）.

3.Inthesecondparagraph“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”meansifwe

（

）.

4.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleofthispassagecouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.atbirth

B.througheducation

C.bothatbirthandthrougheducation

D.neitheratbirthnorthrougheducation

问题2选项

A.becomeagenius

B.stillbecomeageniusifheisgivenspecialeducation

C.reachhisintellectuallimitsinrichsurroundings

D.notbecomeintelligentinhislife

问题3选项

A.pickanytwopeople

B.takeouttwodifferentpeople

C.choosetwopeoplewhoarerelatives

D.choosetwopeoplewithdifferentintelligence

问题4选项

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligence

B.theroleofenvironmentonintelligence

C.theimportanceoftheirpositions

D.thepartthatbirthplays

问题5选项

A.surroundings

B.intelligence

C.thedependenceonenvironment

D.theeffectofeducation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth…(在一定程度上，我们的智力水平是先天决定的…),Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings(另一方面，一个生活在单调乏味环境中的孩子比一个生活在丰富多彩的环境中的孩子有更少的智力发展),由此可知C项“先天条件和后天教育共同决定了一个人的智力水平”符合作者观点。

2.细节事实题。A:成为天才,B:如果接受特殊教育，还是能够成为天才的,由第一段中的“Tosomeextentourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence(在一定程度上,我们的智力水平是先天决定的。没有什么样的教育能够让一个天生智力水平低下的孩子变成一个天才)”可知A和B错误。C:可以在丰富多彩的环境中达到其智力的上限,D:在他的一生中都不能变聪明,由第一段中的“Thusthelimitsofperson'sintelligencearefixedatbirth,whetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment(因此，每个人的智力的上限是先天决定的，而后天的环境决定了一个人能否让自己的智力达到上限)”可知C项正确,D错误。

3.语义题。第二段中心句为:Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomeextentsomethingwearebornwith(很容易证明人的智力水平是天生的),随后便通过实验证明这一中心句。“ifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation”所在句为:Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbecompletelydifferent(如果…，那么很有可能这两个人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑选两个人”与题干句语义最接近。

4.判断推理题。根据题干"thetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparately”定位至第三段。第三段主题句为:Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence(两个没有亲属关系但亲密接触的人很有可能拥有相同的智力水平，这一事实也暗示了前面的结论)。因此可知第三段是为了论证后天环境对个人智力发展的重要作用,故选B“环境在智力发展中所扮演的角色”。

5.主旨大意题。文章论证的是先天因素和后天环境在个人智力发展中所扮演的角色。故选B“智力”。

16.单选题

______anyoneshouldthinkitstrange,letmeassureyouthatitisquitetrue.

问题1选项

A.Inorderthat

B.Lest

C.If

D.Providing

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项Inorderthat“为了，目的在于”；B选项Lest“以免”；C选项If“如果，倘若”；D选项Providing“如果”。句意：我向你保证，这是千真万确的，______有人觉得奇怪。根据语境，为了不让人觉得奇怪，我向你保证这是真的，所以Lest“以免”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

I’vehadmycarexaminedthreetimesnowbutnomechanichasbeenableto（）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.deduce

B.notify

C.highlight

D.pinpoint

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了动词的辨析。deduce“演绎，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“强调，突出”；pinpoint“确定，准确指出”，根据mechanic“技术人员，修理工”与汽车的problem“问题”的关系，修理人员应该是查明或者指出问题的，所以此处应该使用动词pinpoint，故正确答案为选项D。

18.单选题

Mr.Bloomisnot____now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

问题1选项

A.significant

B.dominant

C.magnificent

D.prominent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析与上下文语义。A选项significant“明显的，意义重大的”；B选项dominant“占优势的；显性的，生物专业名词”；C选项magnificent“壮丽的，宏伟的，值得赞扬的”；D选项prominent“著名的，重要的，杰出的”。句意：虽然布朗（Bloom）先生现在不____，但他总有一天会出名的。根据后一个分句推断，前一个分句是说布朗先生现在不出名。D选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

19.单选题

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,somethingstrangehappenedtothelargeanimals:theysuddenlybecameextinct.Smallerspeciessurvived.Thelarge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,andwerequicklyhuntedtoextinction.Nowsomethingsimilarcouldbehappeningintheoceans.

Thattheseasarebeingoverfishedhasbeenknownforyears.WhatresearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthowfastthingsarechanging.Theyhavelookedathalfacenturyofdatafromfisheriesaroundtheworld.Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass（theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter）offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassovertime.AccordingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomassoflargepredators（animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals）inanewfisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartofexploitation.Insomelong-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

Dr.Wormacknowledgesthatthesefiguresareconservative.Onereasonforthisisthatfishingt