考研考博-英语-广西演艺职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西演艺职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

2.单选题

Withtherapidglobalizationofscienceitself(morethan40percentofscientificPh.D.studentstrainedintheUnitedStatesarenowforeignnationals,roughlyhalfofwhomreturntotheircountriesoforigin),theonceundisputedU.S.scientificlead,whetherrelevanttoproductleadornot,isdiminishing.

ThecompetitionofforeignstudentsforpositionsinU.S.graduateschoolshasalsocontributedtomakingscientifictrainingrelativelyunattractivetoU.S.students,becausetherapidlyincreasingsupplyofstudentshasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofthiscareerpath.Forthebestandbrightestfromlow-incomecountries,apositionasaresearchassistantintheUnitedStatesisattractive,whereasthebestandbrightestU.S.studentsmightnowseebetteroptionsinotherfields.Scienceandengineeringcareers,totheextentthattheyareopeninguptoforeigncompetition(whetherimportedoravailablethroughbettercommunication),alsoseemtobebecomingrelativelylessattractivetoU.S.students.

Withrespecttotheroleofuniversitiesintheinnovationprocess,the”speculativeboomofthe1990s(which,amongotherthings,madeitpossibletoconvertscientificfindingsintocashratherquickly)waslargelyunexpected.Theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible.Forawhile,thepathbetweendiscoveriesinbasicscienceandnewflowsofhardcashwasconsiderablyshortened.Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices.

Intheinterveningyears,anothernewforcealsogreatlyfacilitatedglobalization:therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication.Today,complexdesignactivitiescantakeplaceinlocationsquiteremovedfrommanufacturing,otherbusinessfunctions,andtheconsumer.Indeed,thereisnowampleopportunityforreal-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations.Forexample,softwaredevelopment,withallitschangesandcomplications,cantoaconsiderableextentbedoneoverseasforaU.S.customer.Foreigncallcenterscanrespondinstantlytoquestionsfromthousandsofmilesaway.Theresultisthatlow-wageworkersintheFarEastandinsomeothercountriesarecomingintoevermoredirectcompetitionwithamuchwiderspectrumofU.S.labor:unskilledinthecaseofcallcenters;morehighlyskilledinthecaseofprogrammers.

1.Therapidglobalizationofscience

（

）.

2.Accordingtothistext（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

（

）.

4.Allofthefollowingmighthavecontributedtoglobalizationexcept

（

）.

5.Thistextismainlyabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.hasledtotherapidgrowthoftheInternet

B.hasdiminishedtherelativerewardsofscienceandengineeringcareers

C.hasresultedinthefiercecompetitionofscientifictrainingintheUS

D.hascontributedtothediminishofU.S.scientificleadership

问题2选项

A.thecareersunattractivetoU.S.studentsmaynotbesotoforeignstudents

B.scienceandengineeringcareersareunattractiveexclusivelytoU.S.students

C.U.S.studentsarenotcourageousenoughtofaceforeigncompetition

D.U.S.studentsarenotwellpreparedtocompetewithforeignstudents

问题3选项

A.scientistsrarelyexpecttomakemoneyfromtheirdiscoveriesinbasicscience

B.itwillbemucheasiertoconvertscientificfindingsintocashinthenearfuture

C.theboomofthe1990scouldbeconsideredsomewhatunhealthy

D.theboomofthe1990swilllastatleastforseveraldecades

问题4选项

A.theunprecedenteddevelopmentofInternet

B.theclosercontactofuniversitieswithprivatemarkets

C.real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctions

D.theprevalenceofwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication

问题5选项

A.thescientificleadershipoftheU.S

B.theshortageofscientistsintheU.S

C.Therapidglobalizationofscience

D.Bettercommunicationandglobalization

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段提到美国40%的博士生都是来自其他国家，而这些学生在美国接受完教育后选择回到自己的祖国，因此，随着科学本身的国际化，美国在科学界领域的地位正在下降（isdiminishing）。选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段提到了美国本国的学生与国外留学生对工作选择的期望不同：那些来自于低收入国家的学生会对一个研究助理的职位趋之若鹜，而本国的学生却对此不感兴趣，他们有更好的选择(seebetteroptionsinotherfields)。选项A“对于美国本国学生没有吸引力的工作，对外国学生却有着吸引力”符合题意。

3.文章第三段前半部分提到90年代的投机性高涨（speculativeboom），这种高涨导致学校里的老师只想尽可能多的去获得更多的经济利益(theboombroughtuniversitiesandtheirfacultiesintomuchclosercontactwithprivatemarketsastheytriedtogainasmuchoftheeconomicdividendsfromtheirdiscoveriesaspossible)，后半部分Butduringthenextfewdecades,thispathlikelywillreverttowarditsmoretraditionallengthandreestablish,inahealthyway,themoretraditional(andmoreindependent)relationshipbetweenthebasicresearchdoneatuniversitiesandthoseentitiesthattranslateideasintoproductsandservices提到接下来的几十年，一种健康的方式在逆转之前的道路，由此可推断90年代的繁荣被认为是不健康的。选项C符合题意。

4.文章最后一段前半部分提到互网的诞生、廉价的款待网络沟通方式（therapidgrowthoftheInternetandcheapwide-bandwidthinternationalcommunication）、不同地方的商业机构的实时沟通都推动了全球化进程（real-timecommunicationbetweenbusinessfunctionsthatarequiteindependentoftheirspecificlocations），所以只有选项B没有推动全球化，符合题意。

5.文章第一二段主要讲述了由于留学生的增多，并且这些学生大都会选择回自己的国家，从而导致美国在科学界的领先地位开始动摇，第三段讲述了90年代那种不健康的高涨：很多学校的教师将科学与经济利益挂钩，最后一段提到的全球化的原因跟导致的结果。所以文章主要在论述美国在科学界的领先地位与科学全球化的关系。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

问题2选项

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

问题3选项

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

问题4选项

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要在谈论什么？录音开头，女士就提到她在教学课堂上经常会讨论“成功”这个话题以及什么因素导致了成功。由此可知C选项“什么决定了成功”正确。A选项“幸运什么时候发挥作用”，录音只是提及幸运对于成功的作用，并没有提及什么时候发挥作用，因此可排除；B选项“是否熟能生巧”和D选项“个人天赋如何重要”在录音中虽有提及，但都不是说话人谈论的主要内容，因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士是如何看待运气的？录音中，女士提到运气对成功来说是很重要，但是否有运气其实主要是看我们能否把握机会。B选项“运气意味着善于把握机会”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“幸运有时会自己找上门”和D选项“幸运自然来自于一个人的自信”在录音中均没有信息提及。C选项“幸运是任何人都不可能创造出来的”，录音中，男士提到一定程度上幸运是需要我们自己创造的，女士对此表示认同，因此C选项错误。

7.WhatisthechiefpointtheTedtalk’svideomakes?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问Ted演讲视频的要点是什么？录音中，男士提到，Ted演讲视频里强调一个人是否擅长做某事并不是取决于其个人天赋，而是要靠不断地练习。因此A选项“要想擅长某件事，练习是必不可少的”正确。B选项“一个人应该随时准备抓住机会”在录音中是女士所提出的观点，并不是Ted演讲视频的要点，因此不正确；C选项“一个人必须拥有天赋才能获得成功”与Ted演讲视频里强调的内容不符，因此可排除；D选项“运气很难促进一个人的成功”录音中女士提到，RichardSt.John在Ted演讲网站上的精彩视频，他一点都没提到运气。因此D选项也不正确。

8.WhatdoesthewomanthinkisthefunnythingintheTedtalk’svideo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为Ted演讲视频中最有趣的事情是什么？录音最后，女士说她认为视频演讲内容中有一点很有趣：若一个人喜欢他所做的事情，对所从事的工作抱有热情，并努力做好工作，那金钱自然就会来。B选项中的passionateabout...为录音原词复现，wealthy对应录音中的es。因此B选项“对工作的热情可以使人富有”正确。A选项“热爱工作的人不太关心金钱”；C选项“把时间与精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可图的”和D选项“需要钱的人会自动努力工作”均不正确。

4.单选题

Idon’treallyknowhowto（

）theproblem.

问题1选项

A.draw

B.deal

C.cope

D.tackle

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确。

5.翻译题

英语现在是60多个国家使用的官方或半官方语言。他是书报出版、科学技术，广告和通俗音乐、计算机信息存储所使用的主要国际语言。今天有4亿多以英语为母语，另外大约有4亿人使用英语作为第二语言，至少还有5亿人把英语作为外语使用。

【答案】Englishisnowtheofficialorhalf-officiallanguageinmorethan60countries.Itistheimportantinternationallanguageusedinpublication,scientifictechnology,advertising,popularmusicandstorageofcomputerinformation.Nowadays,morethan400,000,000peopleuseEnglishastheirmothertongue,whileanother400,000,000useitastheirsecondlanguage,with500,000,000peopleusingitasaforeignlanguage.

6.单选题

Thechairmanwasaskedtoresign,（

）totallyunfitforhispost.

问题1选项

A.havingconsidered

B.considering

C.tobeconsidered

D.beingconsidered

【答案】D

【解析】分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连接词，所以逗号后面不能是完整的句子，这里是分词短语做状语，前后为因果关系，所以选项C目的状语可首先排除；再根据句意可知，这里表被动，所以选项D正确。句意：主席被要求辞职，因为他被认为完全不适合这个职位。

7.单选题

Thecorporationexpectsonly（）increasesinsalesnextyeardespiteayearlongefforttoreviveitsretailingbusiness.

问题1选项

A.modest

B.predictable

C.dynamic

D.expanding

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项modest“适度的，谦虚的”；B选项predictable“可预言的”；C选项dynamic“动态的，动力的，有活力的”；D选项expanding“扩大的，扩展的”。句意：尽管用过去一年的时间去努力恢复零售市场，但是公司仅仅期盼业绩（）增长即可。题干中的despite表转折，因此空格所填单词应该与despite所引导的句子产生的结果相反，正常情况下，付出了努力必然期盼有回报，所以这里应填与increase意思相反的词汇。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rhyme,andpitchasmajordevices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarioustraditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplusharmony,counterpoint（对位）,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlytohavebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’s（竖琴师）accompaniment;theverbusedinBeowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode（逸事）,issingan,tosing,andthenoungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthesongsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenorBobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe"Gerontion,"or"YouAin'tNothin'.ButaHoundDog,"ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisite（先决条件）forbothasignificantpoemandsignificantlyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterbefaithfultohisownpersonalvisionortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetryareindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcanpreservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,eitherbecauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,orcriticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision—onpainofwritingonlythederivative（派生物）orthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingersofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonalvision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile（奴性的）compliancetopopulartaste.

1.Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue,accordingtothetext?

3.Inthetext,theauthorfocuseson（

）.

问题1选项

A.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.canbemadebutinalimitedway

问题2选项

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenotdifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itisthetimenottheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

问题3选项

A.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

B.thevariouswayssongsandpoemsaresimilar

C.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

D.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干关键词relationship定位到文章第一段，由Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.InEnglishthetwoarecloselyboundhistorically（诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系几乎不需要争论。在英语中，两者在历史上有着密切的联系）可知从历史的角度来看，诗歌与音乐之间的关系是无可争辩的，因此A选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.（作为文学作品的抒情诗和流行歌曲的抒情诗在本质上仍然是一回事：诗歌）可知C选项“一首歌的歌词和诗歌的歌词没有什么不同”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmustremainthesame（我们对作品评价的标准必须保持一致）可知C选项“歌曲创作和诗歌中最重要的共同评价标准”符合题意。

9.单选题

Herhusbandisinterestedindesigningelectronic（

）.

问题1选项

A.management

B.safety

C.devices

D.routine

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。management“管理，经营”；safety“安全”；device“设备”；routine“例行公事，常规”。electronicdevices“电子设备”。句意：她丈夫对设计电子设备感兴趣。故C项符合题意。

10.单选题

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

问题1选项

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“发光的，明亮的”；audible“听得见的”；amplified“放大的，扩充的”。句意：我买了一个带有发光钟面的闹钟，这样在黑暗中也能看清时间了。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

11.翻译题

Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname，topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.

Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren（ormales）isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.

Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,in.theliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.

【答案】在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈;使包括家庭在内的宗教仪式正常运作。这样的理由在现代世俗化的社会中可能显得苍白无力，但在其他地方，它们曾经是而且确实是强有力的。

此外，有一类家庭原因,即为了维持或改善婚姻而生孩子,与下列原因有共同的边界。比如生孩子是为了稳住丈夫或占有妻子;修复或恢复婚姻活力;增加孩子的数量是基于家庭幸福就在于此的假设。相反的情况更强调了这一点:在一些社会中，不能生育子女（或男性）是对婚姻的一种威胁，也是离婚的一个现成理由。

除此之外，儿童对家庭本身也具有深远的意义。对许多人来说，夫妻二人并不是一个合适的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富这个小圈子，来确认这个小圈子的家庭性质，来获得后代的救赎性影响。儿童需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要儿童，家庭作为一个独特的可用的社会机构，至少在原则上，可以在一个变化中，往往是敌对的世界中获得安全、舒适、保证和方向。对大多数人来说，这样的一个大本营，从字面意义上讲，需要不止一个人来维持和延续。

12.单选题

Oneoftherequirementsforafireisthatthematerial（）toitsburningtemperature.

问题1选项

A.beheated

B.isheated

C.wouldheated

D.toheated

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是shoulddo，表示“要求······，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是shouldbeheated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以选项C正确。

14.单选题

Heavyfoghadcreatedanoptical（）thatmadetheoppositeshoreseemcloserthanitwas.

问题1选项

A.feature

B.property

C.illusion

D.phenomenon

【答案】C

【解析】feature特征；property性能，财产；illusion幻觉，错觉；phenomenon现象。根据句意可知，这里指大雾让人们产生了视觉上的幻觉。选项C符合语境。

15.单选题

Circustigers,althoughtheyhavebeentamed,can（）attacktheirtrainer.

问题1选项

A.unexpectedly

B.deliberately

C.reluctantly

D.subsequently

【答案】A

【解析】词义辨折题。Unexpectedly意外地,

出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；reluctantly不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后,

后来。句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Thefightcouldhavebeenavoidedifbothofyouhadbeenableto（

）youranger.

问题1选项

A.holdback

B.holdon

C.holdout

D.holdup

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。holdback“隐藏，退缩，抑制”；holdon“紧紧抓住，不挂断电话”；holdout“坚持，伸出，提供”；holdup“举起，阻挡”。句意：如果你们都能克制住自己的怒火，这场争吵本来是可以避免的。A项符合题意。

17.单选题

Millionsofpeoplewere（）partiallyorwhollydestitute(贫穷)duringthecivilwar.

问题1选项

A.deprived

B.rendered

C.become

D.ruined

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:deprive“剥夺”；B:render“使成为”；C:become“变成”；D:ruin“毁灭”。句意：战争期间，数以百万计的人民都沦落到啼饥号寒或一贫如洗的地步。根据语境和句意可知B为正确答案。

18.单选题

Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.Thebroadoutlinesaredrawn,theproperperspectiveachieved,andthetotalimpactofthepicture-to-becanbepartiallyappreciatedinadvance.Soitiswiththedesignofresearch;itspecifiesinadvancethekindsofstatementsthatcanbemadeonthebasisofitsfindingsandfixtheperspectivesagainstwhichthesefindingsaretobeevaluated.

Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.Constructionofthedesignwasguidedbythisgoalofexploringnewmethodsintheanalysisofjuveniledelinquency.However,researchtechniquedevelopedinonecontentcannotbemechanicallytransferredtoanother.Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.

Juveniledelinquencyhasbeenthesubjectofmanypreviousstudiesusingavarietyofresearchtechniques.Thisstudymakesanadditionalcontributionbyusingadesignspeciallyplannedtopermitacomparisonofseveralapproaches.Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.Itwasfoundthatmoststudiescouldbeclassifiedasbelongingstudyandpersonalmotivationstudy.

Eachtypehasitscharacteristicdesignandmodeofinterpretationandeachhasproducedinformationofconsiderableimportance.Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.

1.Thephrase"theproject"（Paragraph3）refersto（）.

2.InParagraphOnetheauthordrawsananalogybetween（）.

3.Themajorcontributionofthisstudyisto（）.

4.Thesubjectunderdiscussioninthepassageisabout（）.

5.Threedesigntypesofpreviousresearchesare（）.

问题1选项

A.anextensiveresearchoncrime

B.afullexplorationofresearchdesigns

C.anelaborateinvestigationintonewtechniques

D.acomprehensiveresearchofjuveniledelinquency

问题2选项

A.aresearchandanartist

B.doingresearchanddrawingasketch

C.designingaresearchandmakingasketch

D.researchfindingandpicture’sperspectives

问题3选项

A.carryoutacomprehensiveanalysisofjuveniledelinquency

B.developanewresearchtechniqueeasilytransferredfromoneareatoanother

C.modifycreativelythepreviousresearchfindingofjuveniledelinquency

D.demonstratethesuccessfulapplicationofnewresearchtechniquesinanewarea

问题4选项

A.aresearchdesignconcerningjuveniledelinquency

B.applicationofanalogyinstudyingjuveniledelinquency

C.crimeandjuveniledelinquency

D.extensivesurveyofresearchersinjuveniledelinquency

问题5选项

A.interrelatedtoeachother

B.supplementarytoeachother

C.tobemodifiedconsiderably

D.tobeintegratedintoonedesign

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第三段Thedrawingupofthestudydesignprofitedgreatlyfromanextensivesurveyofpreviousresearchesoncrime,undertakenduringtheearlieststageoftheproject.该研究设计的制定得益于项目早期对以往犯罪研究的广泛调查。可知这个项目早期就已经对青少年犯罪进行了广泛的研究。故D项正确。

2.判断推理题。由第一段Acloseanalogytostudydesignistheroughsketchmadebyanartistbeforebecommitshisvisiontocanvas.学习设计的一个很好的类比就是艺术家在将他的视觉交付给画布之前所画的草图。可知此句将做研究设计与艺术家画草图进行类比。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词“contribution”可定位到第二段Anewapplicationofaresearchtechniquerequiressubstantialchangesanditistheseinnovativemodificationsthatthisstudyoffersasitscontribution.一项研究技术的新应用需要实质性的变化，而本研究的贡献正是这些创新的改进。可知C项“创造性地改进了以往关于青少年犯罪的研究成果。”正确。

4.主旨大意题。文章开头就表明了主题是关于研究设计的。再由第二段Onemajorpurposeofthisstudywastodemonstratewhetherornotthenewersocialresearchtechniquescouldhelpinbroadeninganddeepeningknowledgeconcerningjuveniledelinquency.这项研究的一个主要目的是证明新的社会研究技术是否能够帮助拓宽和加深有关青少年犯罪的知识。故A项“关于青少年犯罪的研究设计”正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段Yetnoattemptwasmadeinanyofthestudiestointegrateoneormoreofthesethreedesigntypes.Itbecameapparentthatonofthemajorcontributionsapilotstudycouldmaketobothmethodandsubstantivefindingswouldbetobringallthreestudytypestogetherinonedesignforthepurposeofcorrelatingtheirfindingsandevaluatingtheirrelativeimportanceinproducingdataofusetothepractitioner.然而，在任何研究中都没有试图将这三种设计类型中的一种或多种集成起来。很明显,试点研究的一个主要的贡献是方法和实质性的结果将使三种类型的研究整合到一个设计中，从而将调查结果联合起来，并评估这些调查结果在为实践者提供数据中的相对重要性。可知这三种类型的研究将被整合到一个设计中。故D项正确。

19.单选题

ThanksinnosmallparttoA1Goreandhisfilmproducers,theAmericanpubliciswakinguptotheseriousnessofglobalwarming.WhatisnotsowidelyappreciatedisthatunlesstheUSgovernmentactsurgentlyanddecisively,thisproblemcouldveryquicklygetverymuchworse.

ForreasonsbotheconomicandpoliticalcoalispoisedtobethefuelofchoiceinthecomingdecadesastheUSweansitselfoffforeignoil.CoalcombustiongenerateshalftheUS'selectricityandreleasesabout1.5billiontonsofcarbondioxideayear.Ifpresenttrendscontinue,thesefigureswillmorethandoubleby2050,muchtothedetrimentoftheworld'sclimate.Withoutanalternativefuel,theonlysolutionistocaptureandstorecarbondioxidefromburningcoal.

Overcomingtheengineeringobstaclesinthewayoflarge-scalesequestrationofcarbondioxidewillbehardenough,butthebiggerchallengeisoneofpoliticalwill.UScompaniesasyethavenoincentivetocapturecarbonemissions.Whilemovesatstateandcongressionallevelsarepushingintherightdirection,theambiguityintheadministration'spolicyiscounterproductive.

ItistimefortheUSgovernmenttoputapriceoncarbonemissionssoutilitiesthatinvestintechnologiestoreducecarbonemissionswillseetheireffortsrewarded.Suchamovewouldnotonlyreducetherisksassociatedwithglobalwarming,butalsogoalongwaytorestoringAmerica'sgreencredentials.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whataddstotheseriousnessofglobalwarming?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheobstaclesforeffectivelycapturingcarbonemissions?

3.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasasolutiontotheproblem?

问题1选项

A.TheAmericanpublicwasignorantoftheproblem.

B.TheAmericangovernmentisdoingnothingtodealwiththeproblem.

C.TheUSwillchoosecoalasthemajorfuelwhichwillhavelargecarbonemissions.

D.Thereisnoalternativefuelotherthanforeignoilwhichhaslargecarbonemissions.

问题2选项

A.Theexistingtechnologyisonlyabletodealwithlarge-scalecarbonemissions.

B.Thecompaniesarenothighlymotivatedinadoptingnewtechnologies.

C.Thegovernmentpolicyforusingcoalandoiliscounterproductive.

D.Thecompaniesfeelreluctanttobeinvolvedinpoliticalissues.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernm