考研考博-英语-云南城市建设职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南城市建设职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Hewasfiredbecauseofhis（

）refusaltofolloworders.

问题1选项

A.obstinate

B.obedient

C.obsolete

D.obstructive

【答案】A

【解析】obstinate顽固的，倔强的；obedient服从的；obsolete废弃的；obstructive阻碍的，妨碍的。句意：他因固执地拒绝服从命令而被解雇了。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

WhenChelseacaughta（）disease,noneofhisfriendswereallowedtovisithim.

问题1选项

A.conspicuous

B.contagious

C.consequent

D.captivating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conspicuous“显著的；显而易见的”；contagious“感染性的”；consequent“随之发生的”；captivating“迷人的；有魅力的”。句意：Chelsea得了______病，他的朋友们都不允许来看望他。根据后半句可知Chelsea得的是传染病。因此选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifththetotal（

）forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.available

C.advisable

D.applicable

【答案】B

【解析】句意:通常，一个学生花在住房上的费用应控制在可支配生活费总额的五分之一以内。

考查形容词辨析。acceptable可接受的，令人满意的；available可获得的，可购得的，有空的；advisable明智的，可取的；applicable适用的，可实施的。故B符合句意。

4.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey（）radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standinwith

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standupto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在太空中，女性比男性有着显著的优势，因为她们需要的食物和氧气更少，而且她们更能抵抗辐射。

考查短语辨析。standinwith与……联合，合谋;standinfor代替;standupfor支持，坚持，standupto经得起，抵抗。空格处的宾语是“辐射”，因此D项正确。

5.单选题

Weworktomakemoney,butitis（

）athatpeoplewhoworkhardandlongoftendonotmakethemostmoney.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.conflict

C.prejudice

D.paradox

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。dilemma“困境；进退两难”；conflict“冲突，矛盾”；prejudice“偏见；侵害”；paradox“悖论；似非而是的论点；自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：我们工作时为了挣钱，但是矛盾的是，工作努力并且时间长的人通常并不是挣钱最多的。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Althoughthereareplansto（

）additionalpensions,thiswillnotaffectanyoneretiringbefore1998andwillonlymarginallyaffectthoseretiringby2009.

问题1选项

A.breakdown

B.scaledown

C.boildown

D.narrowdown

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。breakdown“故障，分解”；scaledown“缩减”；boildown“归结”；narrowdown“缩小范围”。句意：尽管有计划缩减额外退休金数额。选项B符合句意。

7.不定项选择题

Asinthecaseofsomanywordsusedbythebiologistandphysiologist,thewordacclimatizationishardtodefine.Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange.Originallythetermacclimatizationwastakentomeanonlytheabilityofhumanbeingsoranimalsorplantstoaccustomthemselvestonewandstrangeclimaticconditions,primarilyalteredtemperature.Apersonorawolfmovestoahotclimateandisuncomfortablethere,butafteratimeisbetterabletowithstandtheheat.Butasidefromtemperature,thereareotheraspectsofclimate.Apersonorananimalmaybecomeadjustedtolivingathigheraltitudesthanthoseitwasoriginallyaccustomedto.Atreallyhighaltitudes,suchasaviatorsmaybeexposedto,thelowatmosphericpressurebecomesafactorofprimaryimportance.Inchangingtoanewenvironment,apersonmay,therefore,meetnewconditionsoftemperatureorpressure,andinadditionmayhavetocontendwithdifferentchemicalsurroundings.Onhighmountains,theamountofoxygenintheatmospheremayberelativelysmall;incrowdedcities,apersonmaybecomeexposedtorelativelyhighconcentrationsofcarbondioxideorevencarbonmonoxide,andinvariousareasmaybeexposedtoconditionsinwhichthewatercontentoftheatmosphereisextremelyhighorextremelylow.Thusinthecaseofhumans,animals,andevenplants,theconceptofacclimatizationincludesthephenomenaofincreasedtolerationofhighorlowtemperature,ofalteredpressure,andofchangesinthechemicalenvironment.

Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit.Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking.Thistypeofadjustmentiscommonlyreferredtobyphysiologistsas“adaptation”.

Thusourtouchsensesoonbecomesaccustomedtothepressureofourclothesandwedonotfeelthem;wesoonfailtohearthetickingofaclock;obnoxiousodorsafteratimefailtomakemuchimpressiononus,andoureyesinstronglightrapidlybecomeinsensitive.

Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.Thisisoneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsoflivingorganisms,acharacteristicforwhichitisextremelydifficulttofindexplanations.

1.Accordingtothereadingselection,allanimalsandplants（）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthereadingselectionthat（）.

3.Accordingtothereadingselection,acclimatization（）.

4.Byinferencefromthereadingselection,whichoneofthefollowingwouldnotrequiretheprocessofacclimatization?

5.Accordingtothepassage,amajordistinctionbetweenacclimatizationandadaptationisthatacclimatization（）.

问题1选项

A.haveanabilityforacclimatization

B.canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime

C.aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments

D.canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges

问题2选项

A.everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings

B.plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent

C.assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange

D.biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings

问题3选项

A.issimilartoadaptation

B.ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas

C.involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment

D.maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism

问题4选项

A.Anoceanfishplacedinalake

B.Askindivermakingadeepdive

C.Anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight

D.Apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom

问题5选项

A.ismoreimportantthanadaptation

B.isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid

C.appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments

D.isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由allanimalsandplants定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thefundamentalfactaboutacclimatizationisthatallanimalsandplantshavesomecapacitytoadjustthemselvestochangesintheirenvironment.”，适应环境的根本事实是，所有的动物和植物都有一定的能力来适应环境的变化。A选项“haveanabilityforacclimatization”意为“有适应环境的能力”，与原文相符；B选项“canadjusttoonlyonechangeintheenvironmentatatime”意为“一次只能适应环境的一种变化”，原文没有相关表达；C选项“aresuccessfulinadjustingthemselvestochangesintheirenvironments”意为“能成功地让自身适应环境的变化”，有一定的适应环境变化的能力，并不等于成功；D选项“canadjusttonaturalchangesintheenvironmentbutnottoartificiallyinducedchanges”意为“能适应环境的自然变化，但不能适应人为诱导的变化”，原文未提及人为诱导的变化。因此A选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需要四个选项逐个分析。A选项“everychangeintheenvironmentrequiresacclimatizationbylivingthings”，意为“环境的任何变化都需要生物适应”，原文是适应与生物不适合或者致命的环境，但不是所有变化都要适应；B选项“plantsandanimalsaremorealikethantheyaredifferent”意为“植物和动物的相似之处多于它们的不同之处”，原文并未就动植物的相似处与不同处进行比较；C选项“assciencedevelops,theconnotationoftermsmaychange”意为“随着科学的发展，术语的内涵可能会发生变化”与原文相符，原文“Withincreaseinknowledgeandunderstanding,meaningsofwordschange”随着知识和理解的增加，单词的意义也在变化；D选项“biologistandphysiologistsstudyessentiallythesamethings”意为“生物学家和生理学家本质上研究的是相同的东西”，原文没有相关表达。因此C选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。由acclimatization定位到文章第二段第一句“Letusdefineacclimatization,therefore,astheprocessinwhichanorganismorapartofanorganismbecomesusedtoanenvironmentwhichisnormallyunsuitabletoitorlethalforit”，因此，让我们把适应性定义为一个生物体或生物体的一部分逐渐适应一个通常不适合它或对它来说是致命的环境的过程。由此可知，适应也包括负面的适应。A选项“issimilartoadaptation”，意为“类似于适应”，与原文相反，adaptation与acclimatization是两个概念；B选项“ismoreimportanttodaythanitformerlywas”意为“现在比以前更重要”，原文并未将过去与现在的重要性进行比较；C选项“involvespositiveaswellasnegativeadjustment”意为“包括积极和消极的适应”与原文相符；D选项“maybeinvolvedwithapartofanorganismbutnotwiththewholeorganism”意为“可能与一个生物体的一部分有关，但与整个生物体无关”，与原文不符，原文是生物体或生物体的一部分，因此与整个生物体有关。因此C选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由notrequiretheprocessofacclimatization定位到文章第二段第三句“Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，这一术语不应包括我们的感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整。由此可知，感官做出相对迅速的调整不属于acclimatization。A选项“anoceanfishplacedinalake”，意为“一条被放在湖里的海鱼”，B选项“askindivermakingadeepdive”意为“深潜的赤身潜水员”，C选项“anairplanepilotmakingahigh-altitudeflight”意为“进行高空飞行的飞行员”，都属于相对缓慢的适应过程，因此属于acclimatization。D选项“apersongoingfromdaylightintoadarkenedroom”意为“一个人从有日光的房间进入昏黑的房间”，此时我们的眼睛也就是视觉器官会立刻做出反应，所以这不属于acclimatization。因此D选项符合题意。

第5题:事实细节题。由majordistinction定位到文章第二段第二、三句“Byandlarge,acclimatizationisarelativelyslowprocess.Thetermshouldnotbetakentoincluderelativelyrapidadjustmentssuchasoursenseorgansareconstantlymaking”，总的来说，适应环境是一个相对缓慢的过程。这一术语不应包括我们的感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整。由此可知，适应环境是个相对缓慢的过程，而适应是个相对快速的过程。A选项“ismoreimportantthanadaptation”意为“比适应更重要”，原文未将两者的重要性进行比较；B选项“isrelativelyslowandadaptationisrelativelyrapid”意为“相对缓慢，适应相对快速”，符合原文；C选项“appliestoadjustmentswhileadaptationdoesnotapplytoadjustments”意为“适用于调整，而适应不适用于调整”，与原文不符，适应也适用于调整，如感觉器官不断做出的相对迅速的调整；D选项“isapplicabletoallanimalsandplantsandadaptationonlytohigheranimalsandman”意为“适用于所有动物和植物，适应只用于高等动物和人”，原文没有后半句的相关表述。因此B选项符合题意。

8.单选题

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

问题1选项

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

问题2选项

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

问题3选项

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

问题4选项

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

问题5选项

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？广告商和广告公司怎么能在经过数月的研究之后，还能生产出冒犯消费者的广告呢？”可推知一些广告仍然没有对消费者的感受表示出任何理解的迹象，故答案选D。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首当其冲地承受着这个行业明显的无能，无法将人们置于真实的当今环境中。”可推知作者认为当前的广告最普遍的错误就是没有把女性放在真实的处境中，呈现出不真实的女性形象，答案选A。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她说，困扰女性的并不是广告对家庭主妇角色的使用，而是在于处理它的方式。”由此可推断她建议广告应该改变方式，而不是内容，故答案选C。

4.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一段可知优秀的广告应该由广告商、广告机构和消费者共同完成，由此可推断广告业应该注重民意。答案选C。

5.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消费者应该告诉广告商他们失败的地方；而改变的过程将会非常缓慢，直到作为接受方的消费者认真对待这件事，并让他们的感觉被广告商知道。”由此可知答案选B。

9.单选题

（）theyhopetogohometomorrow,theyareresignedtostayingonuntiltheendofyear.

问题1选项

A.Muchas

B.Muchthough

C.Asmuch

D.Thoughmuch

【答案】A

【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，muchas表示尽管很……，因此A选项正确。

10.问答题

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablish

families.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomen

A

andbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundredyearsofsteady

B

C

decline,producingthe"babyboom."

D

【答案】试题答案：B;high

【解析】考查形容词。此处表示他们把男女的婚龄降了下来，使出生率达到了20世纪的高峰。height是名词，一般表示“高度”；high是形容词，一般表示“很高的”，修饰名词。

11.单选题

Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand（）.

问题1选项

A.privileges

B.possibilities

C.possessions

D.preferences

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。privilege“特权”；possibility“可能性”；possession“拥有，财产”；preference“偏爱，优先权”。句意：调查结果描绘了一幅关于顾客购物习惯的独特画面，以及他们的动机和偏好。D项符合题意。

12.单选题

Wecan（

）broadlybetweentheintentionofknowing,andtheintentionofdoing,whichcorrespondroughlytotheconventionaldistinctionbetweenpureandappliedmathematics.

问题1选项

A.separate

B.extinguish

C.distinguish

D.disguise

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词辨析。separate“隔离”；extinguish“压制”；distinguish“区分”；disguise“伪装”。句意：我们可以大致区分为求知意图和行为意图，大约对应传统观点对纯理论数学和应用数学的区分。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Sheisagreatathlete.

B.Sheisafamedspeaker.

C.Sheisafamousscientist.

D.Sheisanotedinventor.

问题2选项

A.Howknowledgeofhumanbiochemistryhasbeenevolving.

B.Hownutritionhelpsathletes’performanceincompetitions.

C.Howscientifictrainingenablesathletestosetnewrecords.

D.Howtechnologyhashelpedathletestoscalenewheights.

问题3选项

A.Ourphysicalstructures.

B.Ourscientificknowledge.

C.Ourbiochemicalprocess.

D.Ourconceptofnutrition.

问题4选项

A.Itmayincreasetheexpensesofsportscompetitions.

B.Itmayleadtoathletes’overrelianceonequipment.

C.Itmaygiveanunfairadvantagetosomeathletes.

D.Itmaychangethenatureofsportscompetitions.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Tonight,wehaveaveryspecialguest.[1]Mrs.AnnaSanchezisathree-timeOlympicchampionandauthorofthenewbookTotheEdge.Mrs.Sanchez,thankyouforjoiningus.

W:Thankyouforhavingme.

M:Let’sstartwithyourbook.Whatdoesthetitle“TotheEdge”mean?What’reyoureferringto?

W:[2]Thebookisabouthowscienceandtechnologyhashelpedpushhumanstotheedgeoftheirphysicalabilities.Iarguethatinthepast20years,we’vehadthebestathletestheworldhaseverseen.

M:Butisthisafaircomparison?Howdoyouknowhow,say,afootballplayerfrom50yearsagowouldcomparetoonetoday?

W:Well,youareright.Thatcomparisonwouldbeperhapsimpossibletomake.Butthepointismoreaboutourknowledgetodayofhumanbiochemistry,nutrition,andmechanics.[3]Ibelievethatwhileourbodieshavenotchangedinthousandsofyears,whathaschangedisthescientificknowledge.Thishasallowedathletestopushthelimitsofwhatwaspreviouslythoughtpossible.

M:That’sinteresting.Pleasetellusmoreabouttheseperceivedlimits.

W:Theworldisseeingsportsrecordsbeingbrokenthatcouldonlybebrokenwiththeaidoftechnology.Whetherthisbethespeedofatennisserveorthefastesttimeinahundred-meterdashortwo-hundred-meterswimmingrace.

M:[4]Isthereanyconcernthattechnologyisgivingsomeathletesanunfairadvantageoverothers?

W:Thatisaninterestingquestionandonethathastobeconsideredverycarefully.Skis,forexample,wentfrombeingmadeofwoodtoametalalloy,whichallowsforbettercontrolandfasterspeed.There’snostoppingtechnologicalprogress.But,asIsaid,eachsituationshouldbeconsideredcarefullyonacase-by-casebasis.

1.WhatdowelearnaboutAnnaSanchez?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于女士，我们可以了解到什么？对话开头男士提到今天的嘉宾AnnaSanchez是三届奥运会冠军（athree-timeOlympicchampion），因此A选项“她是名出色的运动员”正确。B选项“她是一位著名的演说家”和D选项“她是一位著名的发明家”在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“她是一位著名的科学家”，主要是利用录音中提到的science和scientific设干扰，录音中女士虽然提及科学，但这是为了说明科技对体育的影响，并不是说明女士的身份，因此不正确。

2.Whatisthewoman’sbookmainlyabout?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问女士的书主要讲什么？女士说这本书是关于科学和技术如何促使人类达到身体能力的极限。D选项“技术如何帮助运动员达到新的高度”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“人类生物化学知识是如何进化的”和B选项“营养如何帮助运动员在比赛中的表现”虽然在录音中有所提及，但不是这本书的主要内容，因此均可排除；C选项“科学的训练如何使运动员创造新的纪录”，录音中并没有提到training（训练），因此C选项也可排除。

3.Whathaschangedinthepastthousandsofyears?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问在过去的几千年里发生了什么变化。女士提到，虽然人类的身体几千年来都没有改变，但改变的是科学知识（scientificknowledge），因此B选项“我们的科学知识”正确。A选项“我们的身体结构”，录音中明确提及人类身体是没有发生改变的，因此排除A选项；C选项“我们的生化过程”和D选项“我们的营养观念”，录音中提及的是：如今关于人类生化学、营养学和力学的知识已发生变化。变化的是知识，并不是过程和观念，因此均不正确。

4.Whatistheman’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnologyinsportscompetitions?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是关于在体育比赛中科技的运用，男士担心什么？录音最后，男士问是否有人担心科技会给一些运动员带来对其他运动员来说不公平的优势（anunfairadvantageoverothers），C选项“它可能给一些运动员不公平的优势”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“可能增加体育比赛的费用”；B选项“可能导致运动员对设备的过度依赖”和D选项“可能会改变体育比赛的性质”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。

14.单选题

Thesaleofalcoholsbeveragesis（

）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

问题1选项

A.confined

B.inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。四个选项都有“限制”的意思，其中A选项confine暗示束缚性、限制性的或阻挠性的限制；B选项inhibit强调禁止、抑制；C选项oblige除了“限制”外，还有“迫使”的含义，D选项restrict指限制行为、活动、事物的范围；句意是‘在有些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的成年人。’所以D选项正确。

15.单选题

PainterFridaKahlo(1910―1954)oftenusedharrowingimagesderivedfromherMexicanheritagetoexpresssufferingcausedbyadisablingaccidentandastormymarriage.Suggestingmuchpersonalandemotionalcontent,herworks—manyofthemself-portraits—havebeenexhaustivelypsychoanalyzed,whiletheirpoliticalcontenthasbeenlessstudied.YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.

KahlowasinfluencedbyMarxism,whichappealedtomanyintellectualsinthe1920sand1930s,andbyMexicannationalism.InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.Mexicannationalism,reactingagainstcontemporaryUnitedStatespoliticalinterventioninlabordisputesaswellasagainstpastdominationbySpain,identifiedtheAztecsasthelastindependentrulersofanindigenouspoliticalunit.Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.

Inherpaintings,KahlorepeatedlyemployedAztecsymbols,suchasskeletonsorbleedingheartsthatweretraditionallyrelatedtotheemanationoflifefromdeathandlightfromdarkness.TheseimagesofdestructioncoupledwithcreationspeaknotonlytoKahlo’spersonalbattleforlife,butalsototheMexicanstruggletoemergeasanation—byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.OntheUnitedStatessidearemechanisticandmodemimagessuchassmokestacks,lightbulbs,androbots.Incontrast,theorganicandancientsymbolsontheMexicanside—ablood-drenchedSun,lushvegetation,anAztecsculpture,apre-Columbiantemple,andaskullalludingtothosethatlinedthewallsofAztectemples—emphasizetheinterrelationoflife,death,theearth,andthecosmos.

KahloportrayedAztecimagesinthefolkloricstyleoftraditionalMexicanpaintings,therebyheighteningtheclashbetweenmodemmaterialismandindigenoustradition;similarly,shefavoredplannedeconomicdevelopment,butnotattheexpenseofculturalidentity.Heruseoffamiliarsymbolsinareadilyaccessiblestylealsoservedhergoalofbeingpopularlyunderstood;inturn,KahloisviewedbysomeMexicansasamythicfigurerepresentativeofnationalismitself.

31.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointofthepassage?

32.WhichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningpsychoanalyticandpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo'sworkwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

33.WhichoneofthefollowingstancestowardtheUnitedStatesdoesthepassagementionascharacterizingMexicannationalistsintheearlytwentiethcentury?

34.Inthecontextofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingphrasescouldbestbesubstitutedfortheword"romantic"（Paragraph2,Line7）withoutsubstantiallychangingtheauthor'smeaning?

35.ThepassageimpliesthatKahlo'sattitudetowardtheeconomicdevelopmentofMexicowas（）.

问题1选项

A.ThedoctrinesofMarxistideologyandMexicannationalismheavilyinfluencedMexicanpaintersofKahlo’sgeneration.

B.Kahlo’spaintingscontainnumerousreferencestotheAztecsasanindigenousMexicanpeoplepredatingEuropeaninfluence.

C.AnimportantelementofKahlo’sworkisconveyedbysymbolsthatreflectheradvocacyofindigenousMexicancultureandMexicanpoliticalautonomy.

D.TheuseofAztecimagesandsymbolsinKahlo’sartcanbetracedtothelatenineteenth-centuryrevivalofinterestinMexicanhistoryandculture.

问题2选项

A.ThepsychoanalyticinterpretationsofKahlo’sworktendtochallengethepoliticalinterpretations.

B.PoliticalandpsychoanalyticinterpretationsarenetplementaryapproachestoKahlo’swork.

C.RecentpoliticalinterpretationsofKahlo’sworkarecausingpsychoanalyticcriticstorevisetheirowninterpretations.

D.Unlikethepoliticalinterpretations,thepsychoanalyticinterpretationsmakeuseofbiographicalfactsofKahlo’slife.

问题3选项

A.OppositiontoUnitedStatesinvolvementininternalMexicanaffairs.

B.DesiretodecreaseemigrationoftheMexicanlaborforcetotheUnitedStates.

C.DesiretoimproveMexico’seconomiccompetitivenesswiththeUnitedStates.

D.ReluctancetoimitatetheUnitedStatesmodelofrapidindustrialization.

问题4选项

A.Dreamyandescapist.

B.Nostalgicandidealistic.

C.Fancifulandimaginative.

D.Transcendentalandimpractical.

问题5选项

A.enthusiastic

B.condemnatory

C.cautious

D.noncommittal

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.文章主旨题。浏览全文，本文的主题人物是PainterFridaKahlo,全文的主题句为原文第一段最后一句，“YetKahlowasanardentpoliticalactivistwhoinherartsoughtnotonlytoexploreherownroots,butalsotochampionMexico’sstruggleforanindependentpoliticalandculturalidentity.（然而，卡罗是一位热情的政治活动家，在她的艺术中，她不仅寻求探索自己的根源，而且还支持墨西哥争取独立的政治和文化身份的斗争。）”其中的关键词为herart，politicalactivist和politicalandculturalidentity。从而得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。原文第三段第二句中的byimplication体现了作者的想法，“byimplication,toemergewiththepoliticalandculturalstrengthadmiredintheAzteccivilization.Self-portraitontheBorderbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates(1932),forexample,showsKahlowearingabonenecklace,holdingaMexicanflag,andstandingbetweenahighlyindustrializedUnitedStatesandanagricultural,preindustrialMexico.”而political与选项B重现；notonly...butalso...体现了Kahlo作品中Political和psychoanalytic为互相补充的关系。从而得出本题答案。

33.事实细节题。根据题干关键词theearlytwentiethcentury可定位原文第二段第二句。“InterestinMexico’scultureandhistoryhadrevivedinthenineteenthcentury,andbytheearly1900s,Mexicanindigenistatendenciesrangedfromaviolentlyanti-SpanishidealizationofAztecMexicotoanemphasisoncontemporaryMexicanIndiansasthekeytoauthenticMexicanculture.（19世纪，人们对墨西哥文化和历史的兴趣重新燃起，到20世纪初，墨西哥原住民主义的倾向从对阿兹特克墨西哥的强烈反西班牙理想化，到强调当代墨西哥印第安人是真正墨西哥文化的关键。）”从而得出本题答案。

34.语义题。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。“Kahlo’sformofMexicanidad,aromanticnationalismthatfocusedupontraditionalartunitingallindigenistas,reveredtheAztecsasapowerfulpre-ColumbiansocietythathadunitedalargeareaoftheMiddleAmericasandthatwasthoughttohavebeenbasedoncommunallabor,theMarxistideal.”romantic的意思为“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”，根据原文中的traditional,ideal判断得出本题答案。

35.

细节推理题。根据题干关键词Kahlo’satti