考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Thefearthatthepoorcouldnotprofitfromeconomicinteractionhasnowgivenwaytoapessimismthattradewiththedevelopingworldwillimpoverishtoday’srichcountries.

问题1选项

A.restructure

B.obsolete

C.paralyze

D.weaken

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.restructure调整结构；改组B.obsolete淘汰的；废弃的

C.paralyze使瘫痪；使麻痹D.weaken虚弱，衰弱

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词pessimism可知，impoverish是一个贬义词，结合第二个同位语从句中提到developingworld（发展中国家）和richcountries（富裕国家）可推断，impoverish是指“使贫困”，也就是说和发展中国家的贸易会削弱富裕国家的经济，D项词义与之相近，故该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】对穷人无法从经济互动中获益的担忧，现在已被悲观情绪所取代，这种悲观情绪认为，与发展中国家的贸易将使今天的富裕国家变得贫穷。

3.单选题

BythetimehearrivesinBeijing,（

）herefortwodays.

问题1选项

A.wehadstayed

B.wewillhavestayed

C.wewouldhavestayed

D.Wehavestayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时态。句意：在他到北京来的时候，我们将已经来了两天了。bythetime“在……时候”，这里引导的是时间状语，应当遵循主将从现的原则。而从句在这里是一般现在时，所以主句要用一般将来时，所以答案选B。

4.单选题

Heisapromisingyoungmanwhoisnowstudyingatourgraduateschool.Ashissupervisor,Iwouldliketo（

）himtoyournotice.

问题1选项

A.commend

B.decree

C.presume

D.articulate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。commend“推荐，称赞”；decree“命令，颁布，判决”；presume“假定，推测”；articulate“发音，清楚地讲话”。句意：他是个有前途的年轻人，现在在我们研究院学习，作为他的导师，我乐意向你推荐他。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Aviolentcrimewas______every32secondsinthiscitylastyear.

问题1选项

A.conducted

B.performed

C.committed

D.executed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项conduct“引导，实施”，B项perform“执行，演奏”，C项commit“犯罪，使……承担义务”，D项execute“实行，执行”。根据关键词violentcrime“暴力分子”可知，C选项符合语境。句意：去年这个城市每32秒就发生一起暴力犯罪。因此，该题选择C项正确。

6.翻译题

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Psychologistshavelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersiscentraltowell-being,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderinvestigation.1.Inonestudy,researcherseavesdroppedonundergraduatesforfourdays,thencatalogedeachoverheardconversationaseither“smalltalk”or“substantive”.Theyfoundthatthesecondtypecorrelatedwithhappiness—thehappieststudentshadroughlytwiceasmanysubstantivetalksastheunhappiestones.Smalltalk,meanwhile,makesuponly10percentoftheirconversation,versus30percentofconversationamongtheleastcontentstudents.

2.Butdon’twriteoffchitchatjustyet.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding;andmaintainclosenesswithlovedones,andcouldn’tbemerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.

Still,banteringwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.3.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagocommutersvaryingdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowtrainpassengers.Thosetoldtochatwithothersreportedamorepleasantjourneythanthosetoldto“enjoyyoursolitude”ortodowhatevertheynormallywould.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrebuffed.Andtheresultsheldforintrovertsandextrovertsalike—whichmakessense,sinceactingextrovertedhasapositiveeffectonintroverted.

4.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwithandbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristasreportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction.

Ofcourse,someofusarebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”,byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyaresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure.5.Butpeoplewhoaredeemed“curious”needednohelptransformingaboutmundanethingslikefavoriteholidaysintointimateexchanges.A“curiousmind-set”、theauthorsconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteraction”.Sogoahead,pry.Chitchatneedn’tbeidle.Andnoisinessisn’tallbad.

【答案】1.在一项研究中，研究人员对大学生进行了为期四天的偷听，然后将每一次听到的谈话分类为“闲聊”或“实质性谈话”。他们发现第二种类型的学生与快乐有关——最快乐的学生进行实质性谈话的次数大约是最不快乐的学生的两倍。

2.但现在还不要对闲聊一笔勾销。科学家认为闲聊可以增进感情；和所爱的人保持亲密，不能仅仅是和陌生人尴尬的交流。

3.在一系列的实验中，心理学家就是否与火车上的其他乘客交谈给芝加哥的通勤者不同的建议。那些被告知与他人聊天的人比那些被告知“享受独处”或做他们通常会做的事情的人更愉快。没有人说自己被拒绝了。

4.闲聊也能让我们感觉和周围的环境有联系。与那些匆匆完成交易的人相比，那些对咖啡师微笑、与他们进行眼神交流、与他们简短交谈的人有更强的归属感。

5.但是那些被认为“好奇”的人不需要别人的帮助，就能把平常的事情，比如喜欢的节日，变成亲密的交流。作者总结说，一种“好奇的心态”可以导致“积极的社会互动”。去吧，pry。闲聊不必是无聊的。噪音也不全是坏事。

7.单选题

Itwasshamefulthattheargument（

）ahandfight..

问题1选项

A.endedin

B.cameto

C.endedup

D.culminatedin

【答案】D

【解析】句意:争论以大打出手而告终真是可耻。

短语辨析。endin以…告终;cometo苏醒，发生;endup最后成了……;culminatein以……告终,但强调以高潮结朿.由题干关键信息大打出手判断D最符合。

8.翻译题

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。

【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

9.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。

句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

10.单选题

NazismandFascismwere（

）tobethrownintothedumpofhistory.

问题1选项

A.deposited

B.doomed

C.damned

D.deserved

【答案】B

【解析】句意:纳粹和法西斯主义注定要被扔进历史的垃圾堆。

固定搭配。bedoomedto注定。

11.单选题

Thousandsofyearsagomanusedhandyrocksforhissurgicaloperations.Laterheusedsharpboneorhorn,metalknivesandmorerecently,rubberandplastic.Andthatwaswherewestuck,insurgicalinstrumentterms,formanyyears.Inthe1960sanewtoolwasdeveloped,onewhichwas,firstofall,tobeofgreatpracticalusetothearmedforcesandindustry,butwhichwasalso,intime,torevolutionizetheartandscienceofsurgery.

Thetoolisthelaseranditisbeingusedbymoreandmoresurgeonsallovertheworld,foraverylargenumberofdifferentcomplaints.Thewordlasermeans:LightAmplificationbyStimulatedEmissionofLight.Asweallknow,lightishot;anysourceoflight—fromthesunitselfdowntoahumblematchburning—willgivewarmth.Butlightisusuallyspreadoutoverawidearea.Thelightinalaserbeam,however,isconcentrated.Thismeansthatalightwithnomorepowerthanthatproducedbyanordinaryelectriclightbulbbecomesintenselystrongasitisconcentratedtoapinpoint-sizedbeam.

Experimentswiththesepinpointbeamsshowedresearchersthatdifferentenergysourcesproducebeamsthathaveaparticulareffectoncertainlivingcells.Itisnewpossibleforeyesurgeonstooperateonthebackofthehumaneyewithoutharmingthefrontoftheeye,simplybypassingalaserbeamrightthrough:theeyeball.Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.

Operationswhichonceleftpatientsexhaustedandinneedoflongperiodsofrecoverytimenowleavethemfeelingrelaxedandcomfortable.Somuchmoredifficultoperationscannowhetried.

Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniquesinthepasttenyearshasmadeitclearthatthefutureislikelytobeveryexciting.Perhapssomecancerswillbetreatedwithlaserinawaythatmakessurgerynotonlysaferbutmoreeffective.Altogether,tomorrowmayseemoreandmoreinformationcomingtolightonthediseaseswhichcanhetreatedmedically.

1.Afterthedevelopmentofthelaserinthe1960s,wefindthat（）.

2.Thelaserbeamissostrongbecause（）.

3.Surgeonscannowcarryoutoperationswhich（）.

4.Therapiddevelopmentoflasertechniqueshasmeantthat（）.

问题1选项

A.medicalhelpbecameavailableforindustrialworkers

B.thestudyofartwentthroughacompleterevolution

C.moreandmoresurgeonsbeganusingsurgicalinstruments

D.man’swholeapproachtosurgerychangedcompletely

问题2选项

A.itiscomposedofaconcentratedbeamoflight

B.itsheatisincreasedbytheheatofthesun

C.itcanbepluggedintoanordinarylightfitting

D.itsendsoutheatinmanydifferentdirections

问题3选项

A.canbeperformedsuccessfullyonlyonthehumaneye.

B.resultinlongperiodsofrecoverytimeforpatients

C.aremademuchmorecomplicatedbyusingthelaserbeam

D.resultinverylittledamagetothepatientsthemselves

问题4选项

A.inanothertenyearsweshallbeabletocurecancer

B.surgeryislikelytoimproveconsiderably

C.weshallbeabletotreatallthediseaseswesufferfrom

D.wearenowabletotreatmostformsofcancer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句和第二段的首句，在20世纪60年代，一种新工具被开发出来，它首先对军队和工业有很大的实用价值，同时也及时地使手术发生了革命性的改变。这种工具就是激光。选项中只有选项D符合原文。

2.根据第二段的最后两句可知，激光束中的光是集中的。这意味着，本来不比普通电灯泡产生的能量多的光，在集中成为针尖大小的光束后，就会变得非常强。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第三段最后一句“Noknivesnostitches,nounwanteddamage—atruesurgicalwonder.”不用手术刀，不用缝针，没有不必要的伤害——真正的外科奇迹。选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，也许有些癌症可以用激光治疗，这只是作者的推测，并没有真正实现，所以选项A和D错误；将来我们可以看到越来越多需要用药物治疗的病可以用激光治疗，选项C表述太绝对，所以不正确；只有选项B符合原文。

12.单选题

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.

Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.

Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.

HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”

TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.

1.Thisarticle（）.

2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.

4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.

5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?

问题1选项

A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.

B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.

C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.

D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.doubtful

C.thatofapproval

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraise

B.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.

C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.

D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.

问题4选项

A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmament

B.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmament

C.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagers

D.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment

问题5选项

A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustry

B.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicrace

C.forgingaheadintheeconomicrace

D.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.”中文翻译：日本从第二次世界大战废墟中的重生及其到2000年的竞赛，这是罗伯特•吉利安新书《日本的挑战》的主题。因此答案为选项A。

2.观点态度题。通过题干定位到原文最后一段“TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingof...”，中文翻译：对于那些寻求理解……的人，《日本的挑战》推荐阅读。可知最佳答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。根据选项内容定位到文章“Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity.”，中文翻译：日本正处于工资增长速度超过生产率的螺旋上升中。可知答案选择C“工资增长超过了生产增长”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词greatnesswithoutthebomb定位到文章Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannot,wasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces。中文翻译为：吉利安先生解释了管理人的政府是如何取代将军政府的，以及如何能一直维持国家的工业扩张政策，实现“没有战争的伟大”。管理者们相信，未来唯一的真正实力将是经济实力，日本不能在军事战争或军备竞赛中浪费自己的力量。可知，D项符合题目描述。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干可定位到原文“thepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe‘bicycleeconomy’pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.”中文翻译为：那些在经济竞赛中继续推动“自行车经济”奋力向前的人。综合可知。C选项为正确答案。

13.单选题

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromotherpartsofthecountry.

问题1选项

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项clash“冲突，不协调”；B选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；C选项clarity“清楚，明晰”；D选项clatter“哗啦声，嘈杂的谈笑声”。句意：泉水的（）吸引了这个国家其他地方的许多游客。本句表达的意思是“泉水的哗啦啦声吸引了人们的注意”，因此D选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Thereareasgoodfishinthesea（

）evercameoutofit.

问题1选项

A.than

B.like

C.as

D.so

【答案】C

【解析】句意:海里的好鱼多得是（强中更有强中手）。

固定搭配。“as（作副词用）+形容词或副词+as（作连词用）”表示同级比较。

15.单选题

Thesenationalparksareveryimportantforpreservingmanyanimals,whowould（）runtheriskofbecomingextinct.

问题1选项

A.instead

B.nevertheless

C.therefore

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instead“代替；反而；相反”；B选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；C选项therefore“因此；所以”；D选项otherwise“否则；另外”。句意：这些国家公园对保护许多动物非常重要，否则这些动物将面临灭绝的危险。前后部分为转折关系，因此D项正确。

16.翻译题

Mytopictodayis“TheCarandAirPollution.”Inparticular,Iwantfirstlytodiscussthewaysinwhichthecarcausesairpollution;andsecondly,howwecancontrolorreduceairpollutionfromthecar.

First,then,howdoesthecarcauseairpollution?1.Whathappensisthatthecar’sinternalcombustionengineisakindofchemicalfactoryonasmallscale.Itusesamixtureofpetrolandair,andthismixtureexplodesandburns,toproducetheenergywhichpropelsthecar.2.Butwhilethisishappening,manycomplicatedchemicalreactionsaretakingplace.Inparticular,partofthepetrol-airmixtureisnotcompletelyburnedup,andsotheexhaustgasesfromtheenginecontainsomeverydangerouschemicals,suchascarbonmonoxide,nitrogenoxides,leadandhydrocarbons.

Thisisthesituation,then,andit’sgoingtogetmuchworse,unlesswedosomethingaboutit.Solet’sfocusourattentionnowonwaysofcontrollingorreducingtheamountofairpollutioncausedbythecar.

First,wecandiscouragetheuseofcars.Forexample,wecanputhighertaxesonpetrol,andoncarsthemselves,especiallyonlargeronesthatusealotofpetrol.

3.Second,wecanencouragealternativemethodsoftransport,bothbetweenandwithinurbanareas.Forinstance,wecanmaketrainandbusservicescheaperandmoreconvenient.Andwecanbuildamasstransitsysteminlargecities,particularlyanundergroundrailwaysystem.

Next,wecanuseadifferentandcleanerfuelfortheinternalcombustionengine.

Fourth,wecanreplacetheinternalcombustionenginewithotherdesigns.Thereareseveralpossibilitiesbeingresearchedatpresent,suchaselectric,gasturbine,and“steam”enginesgasturbine,andsteamengines.However,eachofthesedesignshasitsowndisadvantages.

4.Lastbutnottheleast,wearetryingtocontroltheemissionsfromtheinternalcombustionenginemuchmorestrictly.This,forexample,isacatalytic(催化式)converter,whichconvertsthemostdangerousingredientsofthecarexhaustintowaterandharmlessgases.

AsI’msureyoucansee,thereareproblemswitheachoftheseways;butatleastthey’reastepintherightdirection.Probablythebestanswerisasynthesisofallfive.

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）汽车导致空气污染是因为汽车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。这种混合物燃爆后产生驱动力。

（2）但是，汽油同空气燃爆时，许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。特别值得注意的是，汽油和空气混合物不能完全燃烧，发动机产生的各种废气含有一些非常有害的化学物质。

（3）第二，我们可以鼓励在城市内部和城市之间使用替代的交通工具。比如，我们可以使火车和公共汽车服务更加廉价和便利。我们可以在大城市建立公交系统，特别是地铁系统。

（4）最后，我们正在尝试更加严格地控制内燃机释放的气体。比如，催化式排气净化器，它将汽车废气中最危险的成分转变成水和无害气体。

17.单选题

Thepresidentpaid_______tothefiremenwhohadfoughttheblaze,sayingtheirbraveryhadsavedcountlesslives.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.heed

C.grief

D.tribute

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“attention”，意为注意力，关心；B选项“heed”，意为“注意，听从”；C选项“grief”，意为“悲痛，忧伤”；D选项“tribute”意为“致敬，悼念”，句意：总统向灭火的消防队员致敬，称赞他们的勇敢拯救了无数生命。因此，D选项符合句意。

18.不定项选择题

Predictingthefutureisriskybusinessforascientist.Itissafetosay,however,thattheglobalAIDSepidemicwillgetmuchworsebeforeitgetsanybetter.Sadly,thismodernplaguewillbewithusforseveralgenerations,despitemajorscientificadvances.

AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone,theAIDSvirushasbecomethedeadliestmicrobeintheworld,morelethalthanevenTBandmalaria.Thereare34developingcountrieswheretheprevalenceofthisinfectionis2%orgreater.InAfricanearlyadozencountrieshavearatehigherthan10%,includingfoursouthernAfricannationsinwhichaquarterofthepeopleareinfected.Andthesituationcontinuestoworsen;morethan6millionnewinfectionsappearedin1999.Thisislikecondemning16,000peopleeachdaytoaslowandmiserabledeath.

Fortunately,theAIDSstoryhasnotbeenallgloomanddoom.LessthantwoyearsafterAIDSwasrecognized,theguiltyagent—humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,orHIV—wasidentified.WenowknowmoreaboutHIVthanaboutanyothervirus,and14AIDSdrugshavebeendevelopedandlicensedintheU.S.andWesternEurope.

Theepidemiccontinuestorage,however,inSouthAmerica,EasternEuropeandsub-SaharanAfrica.Bytheyear2025,AIDSwillbebyfarthemajorkillerofyoungAfricans,decreasinglifeexpectancytoaslowas40yearsinsomecountriesandsingle-handedlyerasingthepublichealthgainsofthepast50years.

ItisAsia,withitshugepopulationatrisk,thatwillhavethebiggestimpactontheglobalspreadofAIDS.Themagnitudeofthepandemiccouldrangefrom100millionto1billion,dependinglargelyonwhathappensinIndiaandChina.FourmillionpeoplehavealreadybecomeHIV-positiveinIndia,andinfectionislikelytoreachseveralpercentinapopulationof1billion.HalfamillionChinesearenowinfected;thetrajectoryofChina’sepidemic,however,islesscertain.

AnexplosiveAIDSepidemicintheU.S.isunlikely.Instead,HIVinfectionwillcontinuetofesterinabout0.5%ofthepopulation.Butthecomplexionoftheepidemicwillchange.NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.Nevertheless,Americanpatientswilllivequalitylivesfordecades,thankstoadvancesinmedicalresearch.Dozensofpowerfulandwell-toleratedAIDSdrugswillbedeveloped,aswillnovelmeanstorestoretheimmunesystem.

AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.

1.Whichisthebesttitleforthistext?

2.Thephrase“gloomanddoom”(L1,Para.3)probablymeans（）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatisticsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?

4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,thecureforAIDSwillprobablymainlydependson（）

问题1选项

A.TheSpreadofHIV...AndWillWeEverCureAIDS?

B.TheWorseSituationofAIDS...WillAIDSRuinHumanBeing?

C.TheStatisticsofAIDS...WillAIDSSpreadaroundtheWorld?

D.TheExpansionofHIV...WillAsiaBecometheCoreofAIDS?

问题2选项

A.obscurityandsadness.

B.darknessanddespair.

C.ruinanddeath.

D.disappointmentandend.

问题3选项

A.InIndia,thereare4,000,000peoplewhohavebeenfoundHIV-positive,theinfectionratealmostreachingdozenpercentin1millionpeople.

B.InChina,about50,000peopleareinfectedbyHIV,withthechannelofspreadingunknowntotheChinesephysiciansandresearchersintheworld.

C.AIDSepidemichascaused15,000,000deathsinthewholeworldbyJanuary2000andmorethan3,000,000peoplediedofitinthelastyear.

D.IntheUnitedStates,HIVinfectionwillgoontoattackabout5%ofthewholepopulationandleadtoanexplosiveAIDSepidemicinthecountry.

问题4选项

A.HIVwasfoundmorethantwoyearsearlierthanAIDSwasidentified.

B.peopleknowalittlemoreaboutHIVthanaboutmostotherviruses.

C.AIDScontinuestoragemorewildlyinAfricathaninAsia.

D.HIVinfectionswillmostlyhappeninthepoorandinminorgroups.

问题5选项

A.internationalcooperation.

B.powerfuldrugs.

C.economicsituation.

D.strongwill.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章标题题。根据全文的大意，我们看到全文一直围绕的是艾滋病的危害和药物的研发，B选项并没有提及，C选项艾滋病毒已经蔓延到全世界了，D只是最后几段有提到亚洲，但是没有说亚洲是中心的意思，因此答案是A。

第2题:词义辨析题。gloom意为“昏暗”，doom意为“死亡，厄运”；A选项的obscurity是“朦胧；阴暗”的意思，D选项是“悲伤失望和终结”，与题干最符合，答案为D。

第3题:细节推断题。问：下列哪个数据是对的？正确的是C选项，答案在第二段的开头：AsofJanuary2000,theAIDSepidemichasclaimed15millionlivesandleft40millionpeoplelivingwithaviralinfectionthatslowlybutrelentlesslyerodestheimmunesystem.Accountingformorethan3milliondeathsinthepastyearalone.（截至2000年1月，艾滋病已夺去1500万人的生命，使4000万人生活在病毒感染中，这种病毒缓慢而无情地侵蚀着免疫系统。仅去年一年，就有300多万人死于艾滋病病毒。）这句话就是C选项的转述。

第4题:推断题。D选项的提示点在倒数第二段，“NewHIVinfectionswilloccurpredominatelyintheunderclass,withrates10timesashighinminoritygroups.”因此D正确；A、B、C通过原文都能判定出是错误的。

第5题:本题的答案在最后一段。“AcureforAIDSbytheyear2025isnotinconceivable.Butconstrainedbyeconomicreality,thesetherapeuticadvanceswillhaveonlylimitedbenefitoutsidetheU.S.andWesternEurope.（到2025年治愈艾滋病是不可想象的。但受经济现实的限制，这些治疗方面的进步在美国和西欧以外的国家的效果有限。）”因此可以看出，治疗艾滋病毒最重要的是经济实力，有经济实力才能去开发药物治疗病毒，因此答案为C。

19.单选题

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

问题1选项

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cycling“骑脚踏车消遣，骑脚踏车兜风”；B选项whirling“旋转”；C选项surrounding“周围的，附近的”；D选项orbiting“盘旋；绕轨道运行”。句意：与九颗（）太阳运行的行星相比，太阳是非常大的，而九颗行星又由三十三颗卫星环绕着。这里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“轨道行星”，因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Pennyhaddroppedthelargetowel,whichwasflungaroundhershoulders,andwasrunningintothesea.“Comeon,”shesaid.“I’llraceyou.”

Nicholastookoffhisbeach-wrapandfollowedherintothewater.Itwaschillyenoughtomakehimgaspbuthesteepedinbravely,andcontinueduntilhewasuptohiswaistandthendived,comingupclosetoherside.Thenhesetoffatasteadyrhythmiccrawlfortheboat,aboutfiftyyardsaway.

“Hi!”shoutedPenny,chasingafterhim.“Ithoughtyoucouldn’tswim!”“Ineversaidso.”Nicholascalledbackandhewentfaster,findingtohisjoythathisinjuredhandsweremovingeasilyinthewater.Theearlymorningsunshonewarmlyonhiswetheadandtheseasparkled.Hereachedtheboatalittlebreathless,buthappierthanhehadeverbeensincethenightofthecrash.Heknewheswamwell.Hehadbeentaughtbyaprofessionalteacherwhenhewasonlysevenandsincethenhehadbathedinmostoftheoceansoftheworld.Itwastheonlysportallowedtohimandhehadmadethemostofit.

Pennypulledherselfupinto