考研考博-英语-广东培正学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东培正学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewestemergedthemedievalversionofpolitics（）inturnevolvedthepoliticsofourmodernworld.

问题1选项

A.ofwhich

B.fromwhich

C.onwhich

D.bywhich

【答案】B

【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态，而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。

语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中，FromChristianityandthebarbariankingdomsofthewest是地点状语，因此在定语从句中，fromwhich作状语与前面的from形成对应，evolved作谓语，thepoliticsofourmodernworld作主语。

2.不定项选择题

Afinalistinayouthoratoricalcontest,Cecile’sspeechfocusesonahistoryofAmericansandtheworldturningtheirbacksoninjustice,losingsightof“ourhumanitarianobligation.”Theunconscionableactsofhistoryarerepeating,buttheworldis“bickeringovertheterminologythatisusedtodescribewhatDarfurisfacing,”shesaid,withaswingofherhipandanindignantglare.

HowcouldtheUnitedStatesthatbondedafterSept.11,2001,leavepeopleonrooftopssurroundedbyfloodwatersalmostfouryearslater,shequestioned.Itallcomesdownto“peopleneglectingpeople,”shesaidmatter-of-factly.

“EverybodyispartofGod’screation.Everybodydeserveshelp.Weallaregoingtoneediteventuallyinourlifetime,andforustoneglectanyonefromanywhereisjusthorrible,”Cecilesaid,shakingherhead.

EmonidrawsparallelsbetweentheHolocaustandcurrenteventsinAfricabycitingalackofguidance,understandingandcompassion.

“Howcanwesayhopeforthoseunseenwhenwedonothelpthemhavehopeorbelievethereishopebecausewecan’tseethem?”theGodwinMiddleSchoolstudentasked,nearlymakingthewallsshakewithheremphasisontheword“we”.

Theworldhasahistoryofgreatleaderswhobroughtinternationalwrongstolight,shesaid,jabbingherindexfingerintotheairinfrontofher.ThesituationinDarfurhasprimarilybeenignoredbecausetheworldlacksapowerfulleadertogetthatmessageout,shesaid,furiouslypacingtheclassroomfloor.

“Ithinkifpeoplelearnaboutitandtheyhearaboutit…iftheyunderstoodit,thenwecanmakeadifference,”Emonisaid,gettingtotheheartofherargument.

Allthreestudentsunderstanditcouldbetheirvoicethatmotivatesthemassestomorrow.Theirspeechescouldbringtheissuesintothelightastheyfollowthetraditionofgreatoratorsbeforethemonthedayhonoringoneofthegreatest.

Aftercareful,quietconsideration,SethsaidthecontestandcelebrationwouldhavemovedKing.

“Itisthelittlepeopletryingtomakeadifference,recitingspeechesandallofthis.Hecanfeelhappythathiswork,like,whatheleftbehind,isstillgoingonasifhewasheretoday,”hesaid.

“Andhowdidhestartit?Hestarteditthroughhisvoice,youknow.Throughjustspeakingupforwhatisright.Andnotbeingafraidofwhatpeoplethinkofyou,butknowingwhatisrightandsettingasideallotherthings,”anexcitedandboisterousCecilesaid.

53.Theword“boisterous”inthelastparagraphcanbesubstitutedby（）.

54.Inherspeech,Cecile,afinalistinayouthoratoricalcontestaccusesAmericaof（）.

55.Emoni,anothercontestant,comparedtheHolocausttocurrenteventsinAfricabynotciting（）.

56.Emonisaidtheworldlacks（）.

57.Emoni’smainpointsdidnotinclude（）.

58.Seth,anothercontestant,saidifDr.MartinLutherKing,Jr.werethere,hewould（）.

问题1选项

A.loud

B.quite

C.nice

D.noisy

问题2选项

A.fulfillinghumanitarianobligations

B.promotingjusticeworldwide

C.neglectingpeople

D.usingterminologytodescribewhatDarfurisfacing

问题3选项

A.lackoffood

B.lackofguidance

C.lackofunderstanding

D.lackofcompassion

问题4选项

A.apowerfulleadertocrushwrong

B.apowerfulleadertobringinternationalwrongtolight

C.someonewhounderstandstheproblem

D.someonewhocaresaboutinjustice

问题5选项

A.onlylisteningandlearning

B.hearingandlearning

C.understanding

D.makingadifference

问题6选项

A.beafraidofwhatpeoplewouldthink

B.notknowwhatisrightintoday’sworld

C.feelhappythathisworkwasstillgoingon

D.wantthestudenttostudyharder

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:C

【解析】53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句anexcitedandboisterousCecilesaid（兴奋而喧闹的塞西尔说），文章开头就提到了文章是辩论赛的决赛，那么辩论赛的现场应该是兴奋而又喧闹的，所以可推测boisterous指的应该是“喧闹的”。D选项“嘈杂的；喧闹的”，符合文章词义，D选项正确。A选项“大声的”，跟“喧闹”有一定的区别，可排除。B选项“相当”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“精密的，美好的”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。

54.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段theworldturningtheirbacksoninjustice,losingsightofourhumanitarianobligation.Theworldis“bickeringovertheterminologythatisusedtodescribewhatDarfurisfacing,”（全世界对不公正置之不理，忽视了我们的人道主义义务。世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵）这是Cecile对整个世界的控诉，不是对美国的控诉。第二段的内容才是对美国的控诉，即Itallcomesdowntopeopleneglectingpeople.（这一切都归结于人们忽视他人），C选项“忽视人民”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“履行人道主义义务”，文章提到，忽视了我们的人道主义义务，A选项可排除。B选项“促进全球正义”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“用术语来描述达尔富尔所面临的问题”，文章提到世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵，并没有用术语解决问题，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第四段EmonidrawsparallelsbetweentheHolocaustandcurrenteventsinAfricabycitingalackofguidance,understandingandcompassion.（Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例，将大屠杀和非洲的当前事件进行了对比），A选项“食物的缺乏”，没有提及，可排除。B选项“缺乏指导”、C选项“缺乏理解”，D选项“缺乏同情心”，文章提到，Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例。可排除B、C、D选项。因此A选项正确。

56.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第六段第二句ThesituationinDarfurhasprimarilybeenignoredbecausetheworldlacksapowerfulleadertogetthatmessageout（达尔富尔的局势基本上被忽视了，因为世界缺乏一个强有力的领导人来传达这一信息），这句话中“getthatmessageout”的意思是“将这个信息曝光，让人们知道”，等同“bringsthtolight”。B选项“一个揭露国际错误的强大领袖”，符合文章内容。A选项“一个强有力的领导者，可以粉碎错误”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“一个理解问题的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“一个关心不公正的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。

57.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第七段“Ithinkifpeoplelearnaboutitandtheyhearaboutit...iftheyunderstoodit,thenwecanmakeadifference,”Emonisaid,gettingtotheheartofherargument（我认为，如果人们了解它，听到它……如果他们能理解，我们就能有所作为，埃莫尼说，直指她的核心论点），选项A“只听和学”，文章埃莫尼的论点，没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“听力和学习”，文章提到，人们听力和学习，可排除B选项。C选项“理解”，文章提到，他们能理解，可排除C选项。D选项“有所作为”，文章提到，如果他们能理解，就会有所作为，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。

58.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据倒数第二段第二句Hecanfeelhappythathiswork,like,whatheleftbehind,isstillgoingonasifhewasheretoday（他会感到高兴，他的工作，他留下的东西，还在继续，就像他今天还在这里一样）。C选项“很高兴，他的工作还在继续”，符合文章的内容，C选项正确。A选项“害怕别人的想法”，文章没有提到，他会害怕别人的想法，可排除。B选项“不知道在当今世界什么是对的”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“希望学生学习更加努力”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Antisocialpersonalitiesusuallyfailtounderstandthattheirbehaviorisdysfunctionalbecausetheirabilitytofeelremorsefulisimpaired.

问题1选项

A.offensive

B.sensible

C.regretful

D.inquisitive

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。remorseful表示“懊悔的，悔恨的”；A项offensive“攻击的，冒犯的，无礼的”，B项sensible“明智的，通情达理的，合乎情理的”，C项regretful“后悔的，遗憾的，惋惜的”，D项inquisitive“好奇的，好问的，爱打听的”。句意：反社会人格通常无法理解他们的行为是不正常的，因为他们感到懊悔的能力受到了损害。因此，根据句意可知C选项正确。

4.单选题

TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,settlersandmerchantsfromEurasiaandslavesfromAfricaunwittinglyintroducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox(天花)，measles(麻疹)andinfluenzatowhichtheinhabitantsoftheAmericaspossessednoimmunity.Scholarlyestimatesofthetotalnumberofdeathsfromdiseasevarywidely,butthenumbermayhaveexceeded50millionandcertainlywipedout75%ormoreofnativeAmericans.Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands.By1610thegrowthofallthosetreeshadsuckedenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheskytocauseadropofatleastsevenpartspermillioninatmosphericconcentrationsofthemostprominentgreenhousegasandstartalittleiceage.

Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity.LewisandMaslindubthedecreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidethe’’OrbisSpike"fromtheLatinforworld,becausesince1492humancivilizationhasprogressivelyglobalized.InapaperpublishedthismonthinNature,theyarguethathumanimpactsontheplanethavebeendramaticenoughtowarrantformalrecognitionoftheAnthropoceneepochandthattheOrbisSpikeshouldserveasthemarkerofitsopening.

TheAnthropoceneisnotanewidea.Asfarbackasthe18thcenturythefirstscientificattempttolayoutachronologyofEarth’sgeologichistoryendedwithahumanepoch.Bythe19thcenturytheideawascommonplace,appearingastheAnthropozoic("humanliferocks")orthe'*EraofMan"ingeologytextbooks.Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(thetermmeans"entirelyrecent"inGreekdesignatesthemostrecentperiod,datingfrom11,700yearsago,whentheglaciers(冰河)ofthelasticeagereceded)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone.

Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge:somescientistspointtothefloodofnitrogen(N)releasedintotheworldbytheinventionoftheHaber-Boschprocess

forwrestingthevitalnutrientfromtheairtosupportagriculture,othersemphasizethefactthatmodempeoplenowmovemoreearthandstonethanalltheworld’sriversputtogether.

Researchershaveadvancedanarrayofproposalsforwhenthisputativenewepochmighthavebegun.Somelinkittothestartofthemassextinctionoflargemammals（卩甫孚L动物）suchaswoollymammothsandgiantkangaroossome50,000yearsagoortheadventofagriculturearound10,000yearsago.OtherssaytheAnthropoceneismuchmorerecentandtothebeginningoftheuptickinatmosphericCO2concentrationsaftertheinventionofaneffectivecoal-burningsteamengine.

ThemostprominentcurrentproposalconnectsthedawnoftheAnthropocenetothatofthenuclearage:long-lobedradionuclide（放射性同位素）leavealong-livedrecordintherock.Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe"GreatAcceleration",roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed”technofossils"byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologistwhoheadsthegroupthatispushingforadditionoftheAnthropocenetothestandardgeologictimescale.TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium（Ir）afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;itpinpointstheasteroidimpactthatterminatedtheageofthedinosaursandendedtheCretaceousabout65millionyearsago.

LewisandMaslinrejectthisradionuclidespikebecauseitisnottiedtoa*'world-changingevent"--atleastnotyet—althoughitisaclearsignalintherock.Ontheotherhand,theirOrbisSpikein1610reflectsboththemostrecentCO2lowpointandtheredistributionofplantsandanimalsaroundtheworldassociatedwiththeAgeofDiscoveryandtheriseofworldempires,atruechangingoftheworld.Muchlikethegoldenspikethatmarkstheendofthedinosaurs,theproposedOrbisSpikeitselfwouldbetiedtothelowpointofatmosphericCO?concentrationsaround1610,asrecordedinicecores,wheretinytrappedbubblesbetraypastatmospheres.FurthergeologicevidencewillcomefromtheappearanceofmaizepolleninsedimentcorestakeninEuropeandAsiaatthattime,amongotherindicatorsthatwillcomplementtheCO2record.Therefore,scientistslookingaticecores,mudorevenrockwillfindthisepochalshiftinthefuture.

TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge.Thatcoolingeventmayhavebeentiedtoregeneratedforestsandotherplantsgrowingonsome50millionhectaresoflandabandonedbyhumansafterthemassdeathbroughtonbydiseaseandwarfare,LewisandMaslinsuggest.Anditwasn'tjustthedeathofmillionsofaboriginalAmericans.Theenslavement（ordeath）ofmanymillionsofAfricansforlaborinthenewlandsmayalsohaveaddedtotheclimateimpact.ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO?,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute.

Howeverdelimited,thenewdesignationwouldmeanwearelivinginanew

Anthropoceneepoch,partoftheQuaternaryperiod,whichstartedmore2.5millionyearsagowiththeadventofthecyclicalgrowthandretreatofmassiveglaciers.TheQuaternaryispartoftheCenozoic("recentlife”)erathatbegan66millionyearsagoandis,inturn,partofthePhanerozoic("revealedlife")eon,whichstarted541millionyearsagoandencompassesallofcomplexlifethathaseverlivedonthisplanet.Intheend,theAnthropocenemightsupplanttheHolocene."Itisdesignatedanepoch,unlikeotherinterglacial,becausebackinthe18thcenturygeologiststhoughthumanswereaveryrecentspecies,arrivingviadivineinterventionorevolvingonEarthintheHolocene,*'Lewisargues,butscientistsnowknowHomosapiensarosemorethan200,000yearsagointhePleistoceneepoch."HumansareaPleistocenespecies,so...callingtheHoloceneanepochisarelicofthepast."MaslinsuggestsdowngradingtheHolocenetoastagwithinthePleistocene,likeotherinterglacialspansinthegeologicrecord.ButZalasiewiczdisagreeswiththisbidtogetridoftheHolocene.*'Idon’tseetheneed,"hesays,"systematictracingofaHolocene-Anthropoceneboundarygloballywouldbeilluminatinginallsortsofways."

1.ThescientistscitedinthisarticleagreethathumanshavebecomeamajorfactorinthehistoryofEarth.Asthearticlehighlights,whattheydisagreeonis（

）

2.EuropeanpenetrationoftheNewWorldinthecenturyandahalfafter1492ledto（

）

3.Thedeclineinatmosphericcarbondioxidethatreacheditslowpointinoraround1610was（

）

4.ThescientifichypothesisthathumanitycanalterthehistoryofEarthinhighlysignificantways（

）

5.TheOrbisSpikeproposedbyLewisandMaslinwouldbemostreliablylocatedin（

）

6.Radionuclidescanbelikenedtoiridium（

）

7.SomescientiststhinkthatradionuclidesarethekeytodefiningtheAnthropocenebecause（

）

8.ProfessorZalasiewiczprobablyfavorsretainingthedistinctionbetweentheHoloceneandtheAnthropocenebecausetracingitsboundary（

）

问题1选项

A.theextenttowhichhumansarealteringEarth.

B.preciselywhenhumanactivitybecameadefiningelementinEarth'shistory.

C.whattonametheperiodofmajorhumanimpact.

D.whenhumanactivitywillbecomethedominantfactorinchangesintheEarth.

问题2选项

A.massivedepopulation.

B.widespreadcontagiousdisease.

C.greatlyreduceduseoflandforagriculture.

D.alloftheabove.

问题3选项

A.asingular,isolatedeventthatleftadiscerniblemarkingeochronoloy.

B.thefirstofalongchainofeventsthatchangedthewayhumansinteractwithnature.

C.theresult(andsignal,asreflectedingeology)ofthefirstinasignificantsetofmodemchangesinhowhumansuseplanetaryresources.

D.thecauseofanewiceageonaparwiththosethatprecededtheHolocene.

问题4选项

A.hasrecentlyre-emergedandgainedsupportafterfadinginthe20thcentury.

B.isstillsupportedbyonlyasmallnumberofresearchersintheearthsciencestoday.

C.wasrejectedasabsurdbypioneeringgeologistsinthe1700s.

D.isweakenedbythecontinuinglackofevidencethatcanbeusedtosupportit,muchletconfirmit.

问题5选项

A.samplesofArcticice,butnotAntarcticice

B.samplesofArcticandAntarcticice.

C.treeringsfromtemperateforests.

D.alluvialsediments,mostobviouslyfromtheMississippiandAmazonbasins.

问题6选项

A.becauseofthesimilarityintheirbasicchemistry.

B.asphysicalindicatorsofaboundaryinEarth’schronology.

C.asthecauseofvastchangesintheearthlyenvironment.

D.askeycomponentsinthetechnofossilsnowproliferatinginthegeologicalrecord.

问题7选项

A.nuclearexplosionsdidenormousdamagetotheearthlyenvironment.

B.theyhavealonghalf-lifethatmeanstheywillcontinuetobeusefulformanycenturies.

C.theyprovideatemporalmarkerreliablycorrelatedwithamassivehistoricalincreaseinthehumanimpactonourplanet.

D.theycontributedgreatlytothevastincreaseinthehumanimpactonEarthinthemid-20thcentury.

问题8选项

A.willallowgeologiststocreateamoresubtlepictureoftheinterglacialsthatareacrucialfeatureoftheclimateonEarth,

B.willforcegeologiststothinkmoredeeplyabouttherelationbetweenclimatechangeandplanetaryhistory.

C.willreducethesupportforusinglessplausibleindicatorstodefinegeochronologicalboundaries.

D.willrevealsomeimportantthingsaboutushumansaswellasabouttheclimateandhistoryoftheplanet

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：文章引用的科学家同意人类在地球历史中的主要作用。正如文章强调的，他们有争议的是……。根据文章大意可知B项“具体什么时候人类活动开始成为地球历史上的一个决定性/确定性因素”，此表述过于绝对。故选B。

2.细节事实题。题干：1492年后的一个半世纪中，欧洲的侵入导致了…。第1段指出:TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,roducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox（天花），measles（瘾疹）and

influenza；Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands(1492年，随着从西班牙来的哥伦布的到来，往后一个半世纪中，地球大气记载了西半球人口的巨幅下降；战士，官员，移民，商人等染上了疾病，比如天花，麻疹和流感；这种迅速的人口降低使得森林/丛林在之前的农地中生长),所以欧洲侵入导致了人口下降,疾病传染以及农用地的荒废。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词carbondioxide以及1610定位至第二段:Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity(基于此巨大转变，英国生态学家认为1610应该被认为是新地质时代的一个开端期：人类世或人类新时代。因此，二氧化碳降低到约1610时，它是一个人类地质时代的划分)。故选A:是一个单独的事件，这在地球年代学中留下了明显的标志。

4.推理判断题。第三段指出:Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(...)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone(但是，在20世纪中期，全新世的概念占到主导地位，即将人视为当前时代中重要的因素，但是不是决定性的因素),下一段指出:Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge...(这个观点已不再适用，根据地质学家和气候学家的观点，人类影响简直太强大了……),故选A:20世纪，在消退后最近又重新出现并且获得支持。

5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词OrbisSpike定位至第八段:TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge....ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO2,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute(二氧化碳的下降与气候学家所称的“LittleIceAge”同时发生。……直到19世纪，受新世界奴隶贸易影响的西部非洲区域的人口才开始恢复状态。也就是说，从1600-1900,该区域可能一直有重新生长的森林，足以减少大气中的二氧化碳，比如亚马逊的再生长，北美的木材，尽管这个假设存在争议)，因此,OrbisSpike即二氧化碳的降低最可能发生在D项：冲积沉积物，最明显来自密西西比和亚马逊河流域。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第六段:TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium(Ir)afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;(放射性核素可以作为地质学家所谓的全球层型剖面和点，通常被称为“金尖峰”。也许最著名的金尖峰是在突尼斯埃尔克夫附近的洞穴中发现的薄薄的铱层（Ir）)。因此，D项“在地质记录中，作为技术化石的构成或组成部分”是正确答案。

7.推理判断题。根据题干定位至第六段:Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe“GreatAcceleration”，roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed“technofossils”byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologist...(大约1950年，被称为“大加速”，这时人口的增长和一切消费品（从铜币到玉米）大约都是与核标志同时发生的。工业社会中的塑料和残余品的到来也一样是和核标志同时发生的，这被地质学家JanZalasiewicz称之为‘"technofossils”。即这种核标记是与人类的发展几乎同步的，也是人类进步的一个见证)。故选C:在人类对地球的影响方面，他们提供了与有大规模的历史性增长相关的临时标志。

8.推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Holocene和Anthropocene”以及“tracingitsboundary”可以定位至最后一段:ButZalasiewiczdisagreeswiththisbidtogetridoftheHolocene.“Idon'tseetheneed,”hesays,“systematictracingofaHolocene-Anthropoceneboundarygloballywouldbeilluminatinginallsortsofways(但是Zalasiewicz不同意放弃全新世。他说：“我看没必要。从全局来看，对于全新世和人类世界限的系統跟踪可能会以各种方式给人启发)。因此选D:D项：会揭露一些有关人与气候和地球历史之间的很多重要事情

5.单选题

Oneoftheattractivefeaturesofthetrainingwasthewaythepracticalworkhadbeen______intothelearningprocess.

问题1选项

A.adjusted

B.alternated

C.incorporated

D.combined

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项adjust“适应，调整”；B选项alternate“交替，轮流”；C选项incorporate“将……包括在内，包含，吸收”；D选项combine“使结合”。根据practicalwork与intothelearningprocess可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：该培训吸引人的一个特点是将实践工作纳入到学习过程的方式。

6.单选题

Hisremarksfinally____methatIhadmadetherightdecision.

问题1选项

A.assured

B.ensured

C.reassured

D.insured

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.assured（向……）保证B.ensured确保

C.reassured使……安心；打消……的疑虑D.insured投保

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：他的话终于……我的决定是正确的。根据逻辑，他的话应该是打消我的顾虑，让我确信我的决定是正确的。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A选项assured“（向……）保证”，并不是他的话保证我的决定是正确的，而是他的话使我安心，从而让我觉得我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；

B选项ensured“确保”，并不是他的话确保我的决定是正确的，该选项不符合逻辑；

D选项insured“投保”，该选项不符合语境。

【句意】他的话最终打消了我的疑虑，我做了正确的决定。

7.单选题

Apersonwhois______isslowtoadapttoanewwayoflife.

问题1选项

A.nonchalant

B.intractable

C.rabid

D.insolent

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.nonchalant若无其事的；冷静的B.intractable很难对付（或处理）的

C.rabid极端的；疯狂的D.insolent粗野的；无礼的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息slowtoadapttoanewwayoflife（很难适应新的生活方式）可知，这个人是一个比较固执的人，只有B项词义与之符合。因此，该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】一个顽固的人很难适应新的生活方式。

8.单选题

Alekodenied（）Mary’slittlelamb.

问题1选项

A.tosteal

B.tohavestolen

C.havingtosteal

D.stealing

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。deny“否认，否定”，固定搭配：denydoingsth.“否认做某事，否认做过某事，拒绝做某事”。句意：阿莱科否认偷了玛丽的小羊，因此D选项正确。

9.单选题

Relyingonhis（）,thedoctorcuredtheseeminglyincurablepatient.

问题1选项

A.approach

B.faith

C.expertise

D.confidence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项approach“方法，方式”；B选项faith“信仰，信念”；C选项expertise“专业知识，专门技术”；D选项confidence“自信，信任”，句意：医生依靠他的专业知识治好了这个看似无法治愈的病人。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

10.单选题

Togetmytravelers’checkIhadto____aspecialchecktothebankforthetotalamount.

问题1选项

A.makefor

B.makeoff

C.makeout

D.makeover

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.makefor前往；造就B.makeoff（常指为逃离而）尽快离开

C.makeout填写D.makeover（财产）转让

【答案】C

【考查点】动宾搭配

【解题思路】空格处所填词的宾语为“一张特殊的支票”，C选项makeout“填写”可以与之搭配，makeoutacheck指的是写一张支票，即填写支票上的必要信息。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项与“一张特殊的支票”搭配不当。

【句意】我必须向银行开一张特别支票，以取得旅行支票的全部金额。

11.填空题

I’msorry,butIdon’thave（1）tothatsortofinformation.Perhapsifyouconsultmycolleaguesupstairs,theycan（2）you.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

1.access;

2.help

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定用法,haveaccessto有权查看或使用。

2.语义题。第二空应填一个动词原形，句意:如果你咨询我同事,他们会帮助你。此处填入help“帮助”符合句意。

12.单选题

Heisnotunderarrest,______anyrestrictiononhim.

问题1选项

A.orthepolicehaveplaced

B.orhavethepoliceplaced

C.northepolicehaveplaced

D.norhavethepoliceplaced

【答案】D

【解析】考查倒装句用法。根据句意，前半句与后半句均表示否定含义，因此后半句用nor引导。nor后应接倒装结构。因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Butforhishelp,I（）.

问题1选项

A.didnotsucceed

B.hadnotsucceeded

C.shouldnothavesucceeded

D.havenotsucceeded

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Butfor表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项didnotsucceed过去时；B选项hadnotsucceeded过去完成时；C选项shouldnothavesucceeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项havenotsucceeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。

14.单选题

Oneafternoonwhileshewaspreparingdinnerinherkitchen,AnnePeters,a32-year-oldAmericanhousewife,suddenlyhadseverepainsinherchestaccompaniedbyshortnessofbreath.Frightenedbythethoughtthatshewashavingaheartattack,Annescreamedforhelp.HerhusbandimmediatelyrushedAnnetoanearbyhospitalwhereherpainswerediagnosedashavingbeencausedbypanic,andnotaheartattack.

MoreandmoreAmericansnowadaysarehavingpanicattacksliketheoneexperiencedbyAnnePeters.BenjaminCrocker,apsychologistattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,revealthatasmanyastenmillionadultAmericanshavealreadyexperiencedorwillexperienceatleastonepanicattackintheirlifetime.Moreover,studiesconductedbytheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthintheUnitedStatesdisclosethatapproximately1.2millionadultindividualsarecurrently

sufferingfromsevereandrecurrentpanicattacks.

Theseattacksmaylastforonlyafewminutes;some,however,continueforseveralhours.Thesymptomsofpanicattacksbearsuchremarkablesimilaritytothoseofheartattacksthatmanyvictimsbelievethattheyareindeedhavingaheartattack.

Panicattackvictimsshowthefollowingsymptoms:theyoftenbecomeeasilyfrightenedorfeeluneasyinsituationswherepeoplenormallywouldnotbeafraid;theysuffershortnessofbreath,experiencechestpains,aquickheartbeat,suddenfitsoftrembling,afeelingthatpersonsandthingsaroundthemarenotreal;andmostofall,afearofdyingorgoingcrazy.Apersonseizedbyapanicattackmayshowallorasfewasfourofthesesymptoms.

Therehasbeenalotofexplanationsastothecausesofpanicattacks.Manyclaimthatpsychologicalstresscouldbealogicalcause,butasyet,noevidencehasbeenfoundtosupportthistheory.However,studiesshowthatmorewomenthanmenexperiencepanicattacksandpeoplewhodrinkalotaswellasthosewhousedrugsaremorelikelytosufferattacks.

Itisreportedthatthereareatleastthreesignsthatindicateapersonissufferingfromapanicattackratherthanaheartattack.Thefirstisage.Peoplebetweentheagesof20and30aremoreoftenvictimsofpanicattacks.Thesecondissex.Morewomensufferfromrecurrentpanicattacksthanmen.Thethirdisthemultiplicityofsymptoms.Apanicattackvictimusuallysuffersatleastfourofthepreviouslymentionedsymptoms,whileaheartattackvictimoftenexperienceson