考研考博-英语-北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京师范大学-香港浸会大学联合国际学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Ingeneral,theamountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotal______forlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“可取的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“适用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开销应该占总共______开销的五分之一。根据语境，这里指的是在所拥有的开销中，住房占五分之一，available“可获得的”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Whathehadinmind（）tonothinglessthanatotalreversalofthetraditionalroleoftheexecutive.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.dedicated

C.amounted

D.added

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contribute“贡献；投稿；捐献”；B选项dedicate“致力；献身”；C选项amount“总计；相当于”；D选项add“增加，添加”。句意：他脑子里想的东西完全颠覆了传统意义上的角色执行官。此题应注意题干中的“nothinglessthan完全是”，可推知“相当于”符合语境，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

10.

问题1选项

A.Shecan’twaitfortheman.

B.Sheisveryeagertoseetheman.

C.ShewillgototheUSAwiththeman.

D.Sheexpectsthemantostay.

【答案】B

【解析】M:HoneyI’mleavingtonightandgettotheUnitedStatesat7o’clocktomorrowmorning.

W:Woo,woo,Ican’twaittoseeyou.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】固定搭配。Can’twaittoseesb.的意思是：迫不及待想见某人。

4.单选题

Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural（）.

问题1选项

A.tradition

B.transportation

C.transmission

D.transformation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。tradition“传统，惯例”；transportation“运输，运输系统”；transmission“传动装置”；transformation“转化，转换，改革”。句意：20世纪见证了世界范围内政治、经济和文化的变革。D项符合题意。

5.单选题

Sincethefirstbrainscannerwasconstructedseveralyearsago,computedtomographyorcomputedmedicalimagery,hasbecomefairlywidelyused.ItsrapidacceptanceisduetothefactthatithasovercomeseveralofthedrawbacksofconventionalX-raytechnology.

Tobeginwith,conventionaltwo-dimensionalX-raypicturescannotshowalloftheinformationcontainedinathree-dimensionalobject.Thingsatdifferentdepthsaresuperimposed,causingconfusiontotheviewer.Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.Thecomputerisabletoreconstructpicturesofthebody'sinteriorbymeasuringthevaryingintensitiesofX-raybeamspassingthroughsectionsofthebodyfromhundredsofdifferentangles.Suchpicturesarebasedonseriesofthin…slices".

Inaddition,conventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair,asinthechestandlungs.Theycannotdistinguishsofttissuesorvariationsintissues.Theliverandpancreasarenotdiscernibleatall,andcertainotherorgansmaxonlyberenderedvisiblethroughtheuseofradioopaquedye.Sincecomputedtomographyismuchmoresensitive,thesofttissuesofthekidneysorthelivercanbeseenandclearlydifferentiated.ThistechniquecanalsoaccuratelymeasuredifferentdegreesofX-rayabsorption,facilitatingthestudyofthenatureof'tissue.

AthirdproblemwithconventionalX-raymethodsistheirinabilitytomeasurequantitativelytheseparatedensitiesoftheindividualsubstancesthroughwhichtheX-rayhaspassed.Onlythemeanabsorptionofallthetissuesisrecorded.Thisisnotaproblemwithcomputedtomography.Itcanaccuratelylocateatumorandsubsequentlymonitortheprogressofradiationtreatment,sothatinadditiontoitsdiagnosticcapabilities,itcanplayasignificantroleintherapy.

1.ConventionalX-raysmainlyshowthedifferencebetween（）

.

2.Whatkindofviewismadepossiblebycontiguouscrosssectionsofthebody?

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,comparedtoconventionalX-raytechniques,computedtomographyismore（）

.

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisnewtechnique?

5.Accordingtothepassage,computedtomographycanbeusedforallofthefollowingEXCEPT（）

.

问题1选项

A.boneandair

B.liverandpancreas

C.muscleandotherbodytissues

D.heartandlungs

问题2选项

A.Two-dimensional.

B.Three-dimensional.

C.Animated.

D.Intensified.

问题3选项

A.compact

B.rapid

C.economical

D.informative

问题4选项

A.Cautious.

B.Tolerant.

C.Enthusiastic.

D.Critical.

问题5选项

A.monitoringapatient'sdisease

B.diagnosingdisorders

C.locatingtumors

D.reconstructingdamagedtissues

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第三段的第一句“ConventionalX-raygenerallydifferentiatesonlybetweenboneandair...”可知，选项A正确。

第2题:根据第二段的第三句“Computedtomographycangivethree-dimensionalinformation.”可知，选项B符合原文。

第3题:通读全文可知，计算机断层扫描相对于传统射线扫描来说，能够显示三维物体所包含的所有信息，能够清楚地看到更深层次的组织，以及通过物质的密度进行定位，这些都说明计算机断层扫描相对于传统射线扫描来说更加信息化。只有选项D符合原文。

第4题:通读全文可知，作者对这项新技术的态度是积极的，看好的。选项A谨慎的；选项B宽容的；选项D批评的，都不符合原文。所以选项C正确。

第5题:根据原文可知，计算机断层扫描可以监测患者的疾病；可以诊断疾病；可以定位肿瘤，但不能重建受损组织。所以选D。

6.单选题

Thejudge（）themurderertotwentyyearsinprison.

问题1选项

A.required

B.determined

C.indicated

D.sentenced

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项required“要求，命令”；B选项determine“决定，确定”。C选项indicate“表明，指出”。D选项sentence“宣判，判决”。句意：法官判处杀人犯20年监禁。本句表示“对杀人犯进行宣判”。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Thegardenlookedasifit______foryears.

问题1选项

A.wasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hasn’twatered

D.hadn’tbeenwatered

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。句意：这花园看起来多年未浇水。looked为一般过去时，浇水的动作发生在过去的过去，侧重未浇水的结果，用过去完成时；结合花园被浇水确定用被动语态，D选项hadn’tbeenwatered符合题意。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Iamfeelingtootiredtodriveanymore,willyou____?

问题1选项

A.turnover

B.takeover

C.handover

D.goover

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.turnover翻转B.takeover接替

C.handover（把某事）交给……负责D.goover仔细检查

【答案】B

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我累得不能再开车了，你可以……吗？根据句意，可知他已经很累了，不想继续开车，希望另一个人接替他开车。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

C选项handover“（把某事）交给……负责”指如果把某物移交给某人，就是把处理特定情况或问题的责任交给他们。该选项不符合语境；

A、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】我觉得太累了，不能再开车了，你能代替我吗？

9.单选题

Businessinthisareahasbeen（）becausepricesaretoohigh.

问题1选项

A.prosperous

B.secretive

C.slack

D.shrill

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；B选项secretive“秘密的，偷偷摸摸的”；C选项slack“松弛的，萧条的”；D选项shrill“尖锐的，刺耳的”。句意：由于价格太高，这个地区的生意（）。本句表达的意思是“价格太高，所以这里的生意很萧条”，因此C选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Youshouldknowbetterthan（

）yourlittlesisterathomebyherself.

问题1选项

A.toleave

B.leaving

C.tohaveleft

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】句意:你应该很清楚不应该把你妹妹一个人留在家里。

固定搭配。knowbetterthantodosth.很清楚不应该做……。

11.单选题

TheaudiencecheeredasNumberthreehadrowedhimselfoutandwasslumpedoverhisoaratthe（）.

问题1选项

A.deadline

B.finishedline

C.finishingline

D.finishline

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。deadline“截止线，界线”；finishline“终点线”，finishedline“竣工线”；没有搭配deadline和finishingline，选项A和C可排除。句意：当三号选手筋疲力尽地划到终点，伏倒他的桨上，观众们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。

12.单选题

Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.AStheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.

SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundary:asubductionzone.Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesarequitedifferent.

Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.Asmagmarisesunderthemid-oceanridge,ferromagneticmineralsinthemagmabecomemagnetizedinthedirectionofthegeomagneticfield.Whenthemagmacooksandsolidifies,thedirectionandthepolarityofthefieldarepreservedinthemagnetizedvolcanicrock.Reversalsofthefieldgiverisetoaseriesofmagneticstripesrunningparalleltotheaxisoftherift.Theoceaniccrustthusservesasamagnetictaperecordingofthehistoryofthegeomagneticfieldthatcanbedatedindependentlythewidthofthestripesindicatestherateofthesea-floorspreading.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thereareapproximatelyhowmanylithosphericplates?

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttectonicplates?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelithosphereisLEASTlikelytobetrue?

5.WhatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheperiodicreversaloftheEarth’smagneticfield?

问题1选项

A.Magneticfieldreversal.

B.Theformationofmagma.

C.Thelocationofmid-oceanridges.

D.Platetectonictheory.

问题2选项

A.Six.

B.Twelve.

C.Twenty-fourormore.

D.Onethousandninehundred.

问题3选项

A.Theyaremovinginrelationshiptooneother.

B.Theyhaveunchangingborders.

C.Theyarelocatedfarbeneaththelithosphere.

D.Theyhavethesameshape.

问题4选项

A.ItisarelativelyinflexiblelayeroftheEarth.

B.Itismadeupentirelyofvolcanicash.

C.ItincludesthecrustandsomeofthemantleoftheEarth.

D.Itisdividedintoplatesofvariousshapesandsizes.

问题5选项

A.Itisinexplicable.

B.Itsupportsthehypothesisofsea-floorspreading.

C.Itwasdiscoverybeforethe1960’s.

D.Itindicatestheamountofmagmapresent.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。作者在文章第一段第一句交代了Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述的是岩石圈的运动），随后对此话题进行展开，D选项“板块构造理论”正确，A选项“磁场逆转”，B选项“岩浆的形成”和C选项“洋中海脊的位置”是文章的部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此D选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知C选项“24个或更多”符合题意。A选项“6”，B选项“12”和D选项“1900”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother（通常这些板块都处于相对运动中），可知A选项“它们在相对位移”正确。B选项“它们的边界不变”和D选项“它们的形状相同”：根据第二段第二、三句Thereoneplatedivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.（在那里，一块板块俯冲到另一块板块的边缘之下并与地幔结合在一起。），可知边界会改变，形状也不会相同。C选项“它们位于岩石圈深处”：根据第一段第一句Thetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsofthelithosphere（板块构造理论描述岩石圈的运动），可知板块构造包括整个岩石圈。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s,itdescribedthecreationanddestructionoftheoceanfloor,butitdidnotspecifyrigidlithosphericplates.（在20世纪60年代它的理论雏形中，描述了海底的生成和毁灭，但没有详细介绍坚硬的岩石圈板块。），可知这一段讲述的是海洋中岩石圈的情况，不是所有的，没有普遍性，B选项“它完全由火山灰构成”过于绝对，不符合文章内容。A选项“它是地球上一个相对不灵活的层”：根据第二段第一句SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.（由于地球的大小本质上是不变的，只有同等数量的岩石圈物质在其它地方被吞没，新的岩石圈才能生成。），可知岩石圈物质总体没有质的变化，只有数的变化，所以即使有生有灭，但是相对不灵活，符合文章内容。C选项“它包括地球的地壳和部分地幔”：根据第一段第一句thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle（岩石圈是相对坚硬的地球外层，包括全部地壳和部分地幔。），可知符合文章内容。D选项“它被分成各种形状和大小的板块”：根据第一段第二句Thelithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes（岩石圈被划分为几十个大小和形状各异的板块），可知符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。

5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Theideaofsea-foodspreadingactuallyprecededthetheoryofplatetectonics.（海产品传播的观点实际上早于板块构造理论。）和第三句ThehypothesiswassubstantiatedsoonafterwardbythediscoverythatperiodicreversalsoftheEarth’smagneticfieldarerecordedintheoceaniccrust.（这个假设不久之后为发现所证实。该发现表明地球磁场周期性的逆转被记录在海洋地壳中。），可知作者讲述地球磁场的周期性逆转是为了支持海底扩张假说，B选项“支持海底扩张假说”正确，A选项“这无法解释”错误。C选项“在20世纪60年代之前被发现”：根据第三段第二句Initsoriginalversion,intheearly1960’s（在20世纪60年代，它的理论雏形中），可知这是在20世纪60年代被发现而非在这之前。D选项“它表明岩浆的数量”。因此B选项正确。

13.写作题

Whydoyouthinksomepeopleareattractedtodangeroussportsorotherdangerousactivities?Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.Yourcompositionshouldbenolessthan200words.

【答案】WhyPeopleAreAttractedtoDangerousSports?14.单选题

Duringthe1992presidentialcampaignanewmediastaremerged-VirginiaKelley,themotherofcandidateClinton,whodiedofbreastcancerthispastJanuary.ItwasshewhocreatedtheClintonlore;throughoutthecampaignshetoldhow14-year-oldBillhadstooduptohisdrunken,abusivestepfatheronenighttoprotectVirginiaandhislittlebrother.ShealsotoldwithgreateffectivehowyoungClintonhadcomebackhomewithstarsinhiseyesaftermeetingJFKatBoysNationinWashington.Sheknewthen,shesaid,thathewouldgointopublicservice.Shealsocreatedherownlore-fourhusbands,anup-and-downnursingcareer,andherpassionformakeup(sheevenworeittobedincaseshegotacallfromthehospitalinthemiddleofthenight).Shesimplywonthepublicoverwithhercandorandlackofpretense.

Nowtheseoft-toldaretoldagaininLeadingWithMyHeart,byVirginiaKelleywithJamesMorgan...Notsurprisingly,thestoriesfeelfamiliarhere,especiallysincethebookarrivesjustafewmonthsafterabatterofobituariesofMrs.Kelley.Butthebookhasanotherproblem:asisoftenthecasewithco-writtenmemoirs,itfeelsinauthentic.Writteninaprosaic,colorlessstyle,thisdoesn’tsoundthewayweimagineMrs.Kelleytalked.TherearenoSouthernlocutions,andthegrammarisimpeccable.Wherearethespicystoriesortheoccasional“damn”or“hell”？

Coke-bottleglasses:Anyoneapproachingthiscelebritybookwithaneyeforgossipwillalsobedisappointed.Whatfeelsfresh,though,isMrs.Kelley’sdescriptionsofhershockatmeetingHillaryRodhamwhenBillbroughtherhomefromYaleLawSchool.TheyoungwomanworeCoke-bottleGlasses,nomakeupandhadperfectlyhair-nothingliketheDixiebeautyqueensthatClintonusuallydated.ShewasalsoabluntYankee,andnotadeptatSouthernblarney.“TherewasalmostakindofculturaltensionbetweenMotherandHillary.”saidClinton.“Iguessthat’sasgoodawaytoputitasany.”replieshismother.Buttherewasnogoingback:“Iwantyoutoprayforme.Praythatit’sIHilary.BecauseI’lltellyouthis:formeit'sHillaryorit’snobody,”hetoldhisunhappymother.“Icouldn’tstandit，”shewrites.“Herewasthiswoman1didn’tunderstand,didn’tfeelcomfortablewith.Andshewasallhewanted.”

There’salotthat’smovingaboutMrs.Kelley’sstory,partlybecauseofthewayshehandlesherfinalillness.“Youcan’ttellmysonsaboutmycondition,”shetellshershockeddoctor.Shemayhavehadadisaffectedmotherandaparadeofmostlybadmarriages.Butinthelastyearofherlife,shealsohadamemorygrantedtofewparents-thethrillofattendingherson’sInaugurationandthegalathatnight.“Whatanightithadbeen”shewrote."amagicalevening.”

1.VirginiaKellymightbebestcharacterizedas（

）.

2.VirginiaKellybelievedhersonwasmotivatedtogointopublicservicebyhis（

）.

3.The“bookarrivesjustafewmonthsafterabatteryofobituaries…’’Theunderlinedwordssuggestthat-Kelley’sdeathwas

（

）.

4.Accordingtothereviewer,thestyleofLeadingWithMyHearis

（

）.

5.HillarydifferedfromClinton’sformerdatesprimarilyin（

）.

问题1选项

A.genuine

B.morose

C.pitiable

D.elitist

问题2选项

A.difficultchildhood

B.meetingwithPresidentKennedy

C.lawstudiesatYale

D.desiretochangetheworld

问题3选项

A.honoredwithartilleryfire

B.mournednationwide

C.markedbynumerousdeathnotices

D.ignoredbythepress

问题4选项

A.vividandinteresting

B.refinedbutsouthern

C.monotonousandbland

D.earthybutincredible

问题5选项

A.beingeducatedasalawyer

B.wearingstylishglasses

C.beingindifferenttoherappearance

D.beingadirectnortherner

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“VirginiaKelley的性格能被最好地定义为……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“她的坦率和不装腔作势赢得了大众的信任”（Shesimplywonthepublicoverwithhercandorandlackofpretense），因此选项A“真诚的”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“Kelley认为她的儿子是受他的……激励而加入公共事务”。文章第一段第二至第四句提到了克林顿勇敢面对他醉酒并虐待他们的继父，Kelley在认识克林顿之后认为他会从事公共事务（Sheknewthen,shesaid,thathewouldgointopublicservice），由此可推测克林顿是想改变世界，因此选项D符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“这里划线的句子（书是在她的一连串的讣告登出几个月之后才出版的）暗示凯丽夫人的逝世……”。由这里的“bookarrivesjustafewmonths”（几个月后），说明出版社忽视了凯丽夫人的死。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“评论员认为LeadingWithMyHear的风格是……”。文章第二段第三句提到“但是这本书有个问题：由于是合著回忆录，所以感觉不真实”（Butthebookhasanotherproblem:asisoftenthecasewithco-writtenmemoirs,itfeelsinauthentic），因此选项D“朴实但不可信”符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“希拉里跟克林顿先前的约会对象的主要区别在于……”。文章第三段提到“这位年轻女士戴着可乐瓶眼睛，没有化妆，发型完美——一点也不像克林顿经常约会的迪克西美女女王们”（TheyoungwomanworeCoke-bottleGlasses,nomakeupandhadperfectlyhair-nothingliketheDixiebeautyqueensthatClintonusuallydated），因此选项C“不注重外表”符合题意。

15.单选题

Theschoolauthority（

）professorWatsonthathewouldgetonemillionin5years.

问题1选项

A.ensured

B.assured

C.insured

D.sured

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ensure“确保，保证”；B选项assured“使确信；弄清”；C选项insure“确保，保证；给……保险”；没有sured这个词。缺谓语动词，由主语Theschoolauthority“学校当局”和professorWatson和thathewouldgetonemillionin5years的关系可知assured“使（某人）确信（某事）”符合题意，句意为：校方向沃森教授保证，他将在5年内获得100万。故答案选B。

16.单选题

IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995,thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthecountry___soserious.

问题1选项

A.wouldn’tbe

B.wouldn’thavebeen

C.willnotbe

D.wouldhavenotbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查错综时间虚拟条件句。第一句是虚拟过去时IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1995(had=过去时)，但第二句thehousingproblemsnow，关键是now，表示现在，时态发生改变。变为错综虚拟条件句，即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情调整。句意：如果美国在1995年为穷人建造更多的住房，现在美国一些地区的住房问题就不会那么严重。本句表示如果以前怎样，那现在的问题就不会那么严重，主句时态用情态动词+现在时。因此A选项正确。

17.单选题

Medicinedependsonotherfieldsforbasicinformation,particularlysomeoftheirspecializedbranches.

问题1选项

A.conventionally

B.obviously

C.inevitably

D.especially

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项conventionally“通常”；B选项obviously“明显地”；C选项inevitably“不可避免地”；D选项especially“尤其”。句意：医学依赖于其他领域的基本信息，特别是某些领域的专业信息分支。表达的是“特别”的意思，因此D选项符合题意。

18.单选题

AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s（

）processfortestingandapprovingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.

问题1选项

A.efficient

B.stagnant

C.complex

D.appropriate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。efficient有效率的；stagnant停滞的，不景气的；complex复杂的，合成的；appropriate适当的。句意：艾滋病活动人士永久性地改变并缩短了美国测试和批准用于治疗各种疾病的各种新药的复杂过程。选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

LargeareasofAlaskanlandremaindesolateduetoharshclimate.

问题1选项

A.inaccessible

B.immature

C.parched

D.stark

【答案】D

【解析】句意：由于气候恶劣，阿拉斯加的大片土地仍然荒凉。desolate意为“荒凉的，无人烟的”。inaccessible难达到的，难接近的；immature不成熟的；parched炎热的，干透的；stark荒凉的，光秃秃的。选项D与之意思相近。

20.单选题

Onecommonalityoffitnessisthestrongassociationofmilitaryandpoliticalmight[A]withphysicalfitnessthroughoutmankind’sadvancement.Inmanyways,thisshowshow[B]impactingourworldleaderscanbeonhealthandfitness.Themind-bodyconcepthashadatenuousdevelopment.Attimes,someculturesprescribedspiritualityattheexpenseofthebody[C]whereasothers,suchasGreeksociety,[D]upholdtheidealthatasoundmindcanonlybefoundinahealthybody.

问题1选项

A.with

B.impacting

C.whereas

D.uphold

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。Whereas引导的句子与前面是并列关系，因此D选项处动词时态应与prescribe保持一致，因此需要将uphold改为upheld。

21.单选题

Ifsanityandinsanityexist,howshallweknowthem?

Thequestionisneithercapriciousnoritselfinsane.Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.Itiscommonplace,forexample,toreadaboutmurdertrialswhereineminentpsychiatristsforthedefensearecontradictedbyequallyeminentpsychiatristsfortheprosecutiononthematterofthedefendant'ssanity.Moregenerally,thereareagreatdealofconflictingdataonthereliability,utility,andmeaningofsuchtermsas"sanity","insanity","mentalillness,"and"schizophrenia."

Finally,asearlyas1934,Benedictsuggestedthatnormalityandabnormalityarenotuniversal.Whatisviewedasnormalinoneculturemaybeseenasquiteaberrantinanother.Thus,notionsofnormalityandabnormalitymaynotbequiteasaccurateaspeoplebelievetheyare.

Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.Murderisdeviant.So,too,arehallucinations.Nordoesraisingsuchquestionsdenytheexistenceofthepersonalanguishthatisoftenassociatedwith"mentalillness."Anxietyanddepressionexist.Psychologicalsufferingexists.Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.

Atitsheart,thequestionofwhetherthesanecanbedistinguishedfromtheinsaneisasimplematter:Dothesalientcharacteristicsthatleadtodiagnosesresideinthepatientsthemselvesorintheenvironmentsandcontextsinwhichobserversfindthem?FromBleuler,throughKretchmer,throughtheformulatorsoftherecentlyrevisedDiagnosticandStatisticalManualoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation,thebeliefhasbeenstrongthatpatientspresentsymptoms,thatthosesymptomscanbecategorized,andimplicitly,thatthesanearedistinguishablefromtheinsane.Morerecently,however,thisbeliefhasbeenquestioned.Basedinpartontheoreticalandanthropologicalconsiderations,butalsoonphilosophical,legal,andtherapeuticones,theviewhasgrownthatpsychologicalcategorizationofmentalillnessisuselessatbestanddownrightharmful,misleading,andpejorativeatworst.Psychiatricdiagnoses,inthisview,areinthemindsoftheobserversandarenotvalidsummariesofcharacteristicsdisplayedbytheobserved.

Gainscanbemadeindecidingwhichoftheseismorenearlyaccuratebygettingnormalpeopleadmittedtopsychiatrichospitalsandthendeterminingwhethertheywerediscoveredtobesaneand,ifso,how.Ifthesanityofsuchpseudopatientswerealwaysdetected,therewouldbeprimafacieevidencethatasaneindividualcanbedistinguishedfromtheinsanecontextinwhichheisfound.Normalityisdistinctenoughthatitcanberecognizedwhereveritoccurs,foritiscarriedwithintheperson.If,ontheotherhand,thesanityofthepseudopatientswereneverdiscovered,seriousdifficultieswouldariseforthosewhosupporttraditionalmodesofpsychiatricdiagnosis.Giventhatthehospitalstaffwasnotincompetent,thatthepseudopatienthadbeenbehavingassanelyashehadbeenoutsideofthehospital,andthatithadneverpreviouslysuggestedthathebelongedinapsychiatrichospital,suchanunlikelyoutcomewouldsupporttheviewthatpsychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

2.Whatdoestheword"them"inthelastsentenceofthefourthparagraphreferto?

3.Theword"pejorative"couldbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestexplainthelastpartofthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingwouldmostlikelyfollowthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Wecanjudgepreciselywhatconstitutesnormalityandabnormality.

B.Itisnoteasytodistinguishsanityfrominsanity.

C.Itisnodoubtthatsomebehaviorsofhumanbeingsareodd.

D.Settingswherepeoplearelivinghavemuchtodowithhowweknowwhatsanityis.

问题2选项

A.Questionsfromnormalityandabnormality.

B.Thediagnoses.

C.Normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity.

D.People.

问题3选项

A.peevish

B.depreciatory

C.negative

D.meaningless

问题4选项

A.Psychiatricdiagnosisdoesn'tinformpeopleofthepatientbutoftheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

B.Thepatientisn'tbetrayedbypsychiatristsbutbytheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

C.Psychiatristsknowmoreaboutthepatientthantheenvironmentwhereheisliving.

D.Psychiatricdiagnosisislikelytoimprovetheenvironmentwherethepatientislivingwhichdoeslittlehelptohim.

问题5选项

A.Descriptionoftheexperimentofputtingsomesanepeopleinpsychiatrichospitals.

B.Argumentagainstthedifficultyofdistinguishingthesanefromtheinsane.

C.Descriptionoftheexperimentofsaneandinsanepeopleinthesamepsychiatrichospitals.

D.Argumentforthedifficultyoffindingoutwhoarerealpatients.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第二段，“Howevermuchwemaybepersonallyconvincedthatwecantellthenormalfromtheabnormal,theevidenceissimplynotcompelling.”，可知无论我们个人多么相信我们能够分辨出正常和异常，这些证据根本就没有说服力。选项B可排除。根据文章四段，“Toraisequestionsregardingnormalityandabnormalityisinnowaytoquestionthefactthatsomebehaviorsaredeviantorodd.”，可知提出关于正常和异常的问题并不能质疑某些行为是异常的或奇怪的这一事实。选项C可排除。根据文章最后一段内容可知，人们生活的环境与了解理智的程度有很大关系，选项D可排除。综上，选项A文中未提及。选项A符合题意。

2.词义理解题。根据第四段最后一句，“Butnormalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity,andthediagnosesthatflowfromthemmaybelesssubstantivethanmanybelievethemtobe.”，可知但正常与异常、理智与疯狂，以及由此产生的分析调查，可能并不像许多人认为的那样具有实质性。可知them指代前面出现的normalityandabnormality,sanityandinsanity，选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。pejorative“贬损的，贬抑的”；peevish“脾气坏的，易怒的”；depreciatory“贬低的，轻蔑的”；negative“否定的，消极的”；meaningless“无意义的”。句意：越来越多的观点认为，对精神疾病进行心理分类，往好处说是无用的，往坏处说是完全有害的、误导的和贬低的。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“…psychiatricdiagnosisbetrayslittleaboutthepatientbutmuchabouttheenvironmentinwhichanobserverfindshim.”，可知精神病学的诊断并很少告诉病人的情况，而是更多告诉他们所生活的环境。选项A符合题意。

5.推断题。文章最后一段主要提到了人神智是否清晰与所处的环境存在很大的关系。可推断出下文可能会对这一话题进行进一步的阐述，可能会描述一个将一些神志正常的人送入精神病院的实验。选项A符合题意。

22.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonthathasbeenaffectingcountriesandsocietiesforseveraldecades,buttheoutlineoftheglobalsystemhasonlyemergedwithsomeclarityrecently.Theriseofglobalmarketsandtheincreaseinspeedandvolumeofinternationaltransactionshasbroughtaboutadegreeofinterdependenceandco-operationineconomicmattersamongstatesthathasnotsofarbeenmatchedbyacorrespondingincreaseinrespectforandprotectionofhumanrightsanddemocracy.Indeed,manydemocraciesarestillfragile,andhavenotmadethetransitionfromviewingdemocraticpracticesasinstrumentaltohavingawidelysharedprincipledcommitmenttothedemocraticandconstitutionalframework.

Theriseofglobaleconomicnetworkshasledtoariseintheinfluenceofglobalactorssuchasmulti-nationalcorporations,globaleconomicbodiessuchastheWTO,theWorldBank,theIMFandregionaleconomicorganizations.Theseconstituteanewformofglobalgovernancewhosedirectivesandimperativesstatesfindincreasinglydifficulttoignore.Theestablishedinternationalpoliticalorganizationshavenotcomeclosetoreplicatingthiseffectiveness.

Predictionsthatthephenomenonofglobalizationwi