考研考博-英语-新疆职业大学考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-新疆职业大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Howlargeaproportionofthesalesofstoresinornearresortareascanbe______totouristspending?

问题1选项

A.attributed

B.applied

C.contributed

D.attached

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。attributedto“归因于”；appliedto“应用于”；contributedto“有助于”；attachedto“附属于”。句意：在度假胜地或附近，商店销售额中有多大的比例可以归因于旅游消费？选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Shecookedthemeatforalongtimesoastomakeit______enoughtoeat.

问题1选项

A.mild

B.slight

C.light

D.tender

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项mild“（天气、情感）温和的；（味道）清淡的”；B选项slight“轻微的；瘦小的”；C选项light“明亮的；（重量）轻的”；D选项tender“（食物）嫩的”。句意：她把肉煮了很长时间，来让肉吃起来足够______。D选项符合题意。因此D选项正确。

3.单选题

Change—ortheabilitytoadaptoneselftoachangingenvironment—isessentialtoevolution.Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.Hecanmovetoanotherplaceandmastertheproblemspeculiartoit;hecanchangehisoccupation,perhapsafteraperiodoftraining;orhecanstarvetodeath.Anationwhichcannotadaptitstradeordefenserequirementstomeetworldconditionsfaceseconomicormilitarydisaster.Nothingisfixedandpermanentlystable.Theremustbemovementforward,whichisprogressofasort,ormovementbackward,whichisdecayanddeterioration.

Inthiscontext,traditioncanbeaforceforgoodorforevil.Aslongasitoffersaguide(withoutinsistingthatitspathistheonlyone),ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.Tradition,orcustom,canguidethehunteraseffectivelyasitcaninfluencethenervoushostess.Butifwemakeanidol(偶像、崇拜)oftradition,itceasestobecomeaguideandbecomesanobstaclelyingacrossthepathofchangeandprogress.Ifweinsistontryingtoplotthefuturebythepast,weclearlyhandicapourselvesandinvitefailure.Thebettercourseistoacceptthehelpwhichtraditioncangivebut,realizingthatitnecessarilyhasitsrootsinthepast,tobewellawareofitslimitationsinachangingworld.

1.Theauthormaintainsthatifwewanttogetalongwiththeworld(

).

2.Thefarmer'scaseinPara.1isgivenasanexampleof(

)

.

3.“Thehunterandthenervoushostess”inPara.2arereferringtopeoplewho()

4.Theauthorwarnsusthat（）

5.Thispassagemanlydiscussestherelationshipbetween（）

问题1选项

A.industrymustbedevelopedattheexpenseoffarmland

B.farmersmusttrytogetsomejobtraining

C.tradeanddefenseareessential

D.changeisindispensable

问题2选项

A.thetrendofeconomicdevelopment

B.thecourseofhumanevolution

C.theneedofadaptability

D.theimportanceofsocialchange

问题3选项

A.areignorantanduninformed

B.arewellawareofcustom'slimitations

C.becomeanobstacleonthepathofprogress

D.constitutetheforceforgood

问题4选项

A.itismisleadingtoaccepttraditionasaguide

B.excessivedevotiontotraditionmaybringustroubles

C.wemustaccepttheguidancetraditionoffersus

D.traditionisobstaclelyingonthepathofchange

问题5选项

A.industryandagriculture

B.eviltraditionandgoodtradition

C.manandthechangingworld

D.traditionandchange

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的尾句可知,作者一直在强调change。所以选项D改变是必不可少的为正确答案。选项A和C在文章中没有提及,选项D包含了选项B。

2.细节事实题。第一段农民的例子是为了说明“Thefarmerwhoselandisrequiredforhousingorindustrymustadapthimself.”所以选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“ithelpstheignorantandtheuninformedtotakeastepforward,andthereby,toadaptthemselvestochangedcircumstances.”所以选A符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容作者认为传统有好也有坏,所以选项A和D错误,选项C中must太绝对,并不是所有传统的向导都是正确的。选项B过度的推崇传统可能会给我们带来麻烦,所以选项B正确。

5.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要是讲change,第二段主要是讲tradition,所以文章主要讨论的是传统和变革的关系。

4.单选题

Marlinisayoungmanofindependentthinkingwhoisnotabout________complimentstohispoliticalleaders.

问题1选项

A.paying

B.havingpaid

C.topay

D.tohavepaid

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：马林是一个有独立思考能力的年轻人，他对他的政治领袖阿谀奉承。根据固定搭配“beabouttodo”，排除A，B选项。句子中的时态用的是现在时，所以后面的句子没有必要用完成时。

5.单选题

Theworkers'demandare（

）;theyareaskingforonlyasmallincreaseintheirwages.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.moderate

C.abnormal

D.commercial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。complicated“复杂的”；moderate“适度的”；abnormal“不正常的”；commercial“商业的”。句意：工人们提出了适度的要求：涨一点工资。由后半句的“onlyasmallincrease…”可知这种要求是适度的。B项符合题意，答案B

6.写作题

PeopleallovertheworldspendtimesurfingtheInternet.Sometimes,surfingtheInternethasreplacedmoreactivepastimessuchassportsorvisitingwithfriends.

Writeacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddiscuss,whetherlifeonInternethashadagoodorbadeffectonpeople'sdailylife.

Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutline:.

Goodeffect.

Badeffect.

Conclusion.

【答案】TheInternetandItsEffectsonPeoplesDailyLife

Throughoutthe20th

century,asoneofthemostadvancedinnovationsilltheareaofinformationtechnology,Internethasexertedanextremelyimportantinfluenceonpeople’sproductionandsocialactivities.Inrecentyears,we’rewitnessedarapidgrowthinthepopularityofInternetandwemaysay,wehavealreadyenteredtheInternetera.Whether,however,lifeonInternethasagoodorbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife?Admittedly,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

Definitely,itsconvenienceandpracticalityareofgreatsignificanceforus.Firstly,itisInternetthatmakesitpossibleforpeopletoadapttotherapiddevelopmentofhigh-techsocietyandtobeprovidedwiththeavailabilityofknowledgeandinformationfromallovertheworld.Withitsrichnessofinformation,theInternetprovideduswithchancestoknowabouttheworldandtoexpandourhorizonwithoutleavinghome.Inaddition,theinternetconnectsthecomputersaroundtheworld,andpeoplecantalkwithandseeeachothereasilyandcheaply,evenacrosstheocean.Moreover,manyhospitalsandtrainstationshaveopenedtheirownticketbookingsystemstoreducethelengthofthequeuebeforetheirown’storeduce.

However,Internetisalsolikeadouble-edgedsword.Atfirst,inthesparetime,PeopleprefertosurftheInternetallthedayratherthandosomeoutdooractivitieswiththeirfriends,suchashavingapicnicorplayingfootball.Itmaybeadangeroussignalthatlesscommunicationinactuallifeisbringingaboutcoldnessofinterpersonalrelationships.Besides,therearesomebadguyswhomaytakeadvantageoftheinternettodosomethingbad,suchasspreadingpornmaterialstothechildren,abductingnaivegirlsthroughonlinechattingrooms,andmakingschoolageboys’addicttotheonlinegames.

Inconclusion,Internetisthetrendinourdailylife.WecanbenefitmostfromitonlyifwetakegoodadvantagesofInternetandtrytobecarefulenoughtokeepthepotentialbadeffectsaway.

7.单选题

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

问题1选项

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。fantastic“奇异的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂乱的，疯狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：当那位母亲得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到疯了。Befranticwith“因……而疯狂”。选项C符合题意。

8.填空题

Englishasanofficiallanguagehasgainedmomentumasproponentskeepgoingtotheballotboxwithmeasuresthatdiscouragebilingualballots,noticesanddocuments.Thirtystalesnowhave（1）specifyingthatofficialgovernmentcommunicationsbeinEnglish,saysU.S.English,agroup（2）promotesthelaws.Thisyearsuchbillsareunder（3）in19legislatures."It'smultiplyingtremendously,"saysMauroMujica,aChileanimmigrantandchairmanandCEOofU.S.English."We'vemade（4）progress."

Criticsdonotseeprogress.Somesaytheincreaseinthemeasuresnationwidesendsahostile（5）tonewcomers."Itjustpoisonstheatmosphereinlocalcommunities,"saysJohnTrasvina,（6）andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund.Typicallytheproposedlaws（7）thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.Exemptionsarecommunicationstoprotect（8）healthandsafetyoreffortstopromotetourism.

AdvocatessaytheyarenotsuggestingthatEnglishbetheonlylanguage（9）butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment.Mujica,whospeaksSpanishinhishome,saysrequiringEnglishforofficialbusinessencourages,（10）tolearnEnglish.Thatwillhelpthemtoassimilate（11）U.S.societyandprosperinitseconomy,hesays."We'remakingittooeasyforpeopletofunctioninotherlanguages,"hecomplains.

Buttheeffectivenessofthemovementisinquestionsincefederalsometimestrumpsastate'sofficialEnglishlaw.For（12）,theVotingRightsActrequirescertainlocalitiestopublishbilingualballots.“They'veraisedthelevelofanger（13）languagesotherthanEnglish,(but)haven'treallychangedthegovernment'sorbusinesses'wayofdoing（14），”

Trasvinasaid.RobToonkel,spokesmanforU.S.English,saysthatisnottrue.Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything（15）ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.

【答案】1.laws

2.that

3.consideration

4.huge

5.message

6.president

7.require

8.public

9.spoken

10.immigrants

11.into

12.instance

13.against

14.business

15.but

【解析】1.通过分析句子结构，此处应填入名词。结合本句翻译：目前三十个州……规定英语为政府官方语言。因此推断出所填入的名词是laws，标示……法律规定……

2.通过分析句子结构可知：“agroup

promotesthelaws”这部分为U.S.English的同位语，其中“

promotesthelaws”为定语从句修饰agroup，故此处需填入引导词that。

3.固定搭配。underconsideration“在考虑之中的”。

4.联系上文含义。上文中“It'smultiplyingtremendously”的中文含义为：其正以惊人的速度成倍增加。推断出所填入的词为huge。

5.固定搭配。sendamessageto…“向……传递信息”。

6.通过分析句子结构可知26andgeneralcounseloftheMexicanAmericanLegalDefenseandEducationalFund为JohnTrasvina的同位语。generalcounsel意为总顾问，由此可以推断出此处也应填入表示职位的名词。因此答案为president。

7.分析句子Typicallytheproposedlaws__thatdocuments,ballotsandothercommunicationsbepublishedinEnglish.得出这里是虚拟语气在名词从句中的应用：“bepublishedinEnglish”在此处省略了should。由此可以推断所填入的词是一个表示“命令、要求、建议等语气”的动词，因此答案为require。

8.固定搭配。publichealthandsafety意为公共卫生安全。

9.分析句子...thatEnglishbetheonlylanguage

butthatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment结构可知：thatitbetheonlylanguageusedindealingwithgovernment为宾语从句。因此应填入的词与宾语从句中的used是对应关系，因此填入spoken。

10.联系上下文可以推断出此处指的是“鼓励外来移民学习英语”，故所填入的词是immigrants。

11.固定搭配。assimilateinto意为“使同化，（使）逐渐'混合于（某—更大的群体）”。

12.固定搭配。Forinstance“例如”。

13.分析句子结构可知：“33languagesotherthanEnglish”做后置定语修饰anger。anger通常与介词against搭配使用，故此处应填入against。

14.固定搭配。wayofdoingbusiness意为“经营方式”。

15.句子Hesaysthelawsdonotcovereverything

ensurethatthingslikedriver'slicenses,zoningformsandtheday-to-dayactivitiesareoverwhelminglyinEnglish.的中文翻译为：他说，这些法律并没有涵盖所有内容，

确保了像驾驶执照、分区表和日常活动都是用英语书写的。可知句子缺少表示转折的词，因此填入but。

9.单选题

One’sattitudetowardsjobhuntingwouldbe（）tohisprospects.

问题1选项

A.critical

B.critic

C.crucial

D.criticized

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项critical“批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的”；B选项critic“批评家，评论家；爱挑剔的人”；C选项crucial“重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的”；D选项criticize“批评；评论；非难”。句意：一个人对找工作的态度对他的发展前景是重要的。故C正确。

10.不定项选择题

WouldyoustopbuyingApple’sproductsifitdecidedtohelptheFBIopenaterroristsiPhone?Ithoughtnot.

WhichistosaythatAppleCEOTimCook,inhisrefusaltohelptheFBIbreakintoiphones,isaheadofmostofthepopulation.Butmaybenotallthatfarahead.Hisverypublicstancemighteventurnouttobethesmartestthinghe’sdoneforApplesincebecomingCEO.

Weallgiveourprivacyawayeveryday,constantly,toapanoplyofentities.IactuallysnortedalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition.FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit.Remember,theirproductsarefree;theircorebusinessissellingthedetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

Atthemoment,whenmostconsumerssaythey’reconcernedaboutprivacy,they’rekiddingthemselves.ArecentsurveybyTRUSTeandtheNationalCyberSecurityAlliancefoundthat92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy.

Inotherwords,ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions.

Andencroachmentsonourprivacyareonlygoingtogetworse.WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecanstitchtogetherdifferentkindsofdatatopaintaridiculouslyaccuratepictureofanindividual.

Inmanyways,wewelcomethis—thebettertechnologyknowsus,thebetteritcanserveus.Butatwhatpointdoestheexploitationofourdetailsturnfromconvenienceintoinvasion?Anddon’twewantcontrolofthatknobtounderstandanddecidewhatwe’reagreeingtoshare?

Cookismakingusthinkaboutallthatnow.Domostpeoplecaremuchaboutthisonecase,thisonephone?Notlikely.Butthisfightismakingusrealizethatweneedtomakesomedecisions,individuallyandasasociety,aboutdigitalprivacybeforeitgetsawayfromus.AcynicmightsayApplecanaffordtotakethisstandbecauseitdoesn’trelyonsellingadvertisingasabusinessmodel.Buteverycompanyshouldtakethepublic’sinterestinApple’sdecisiontoheart.Privacyisrisingtoanewlevelofawareness.

Apple,sooftenontheforefront,seemstoknowthis.TheFBIsaidCook’sstandisamarketingploy.InCook’slettertocustomers,hesnorted,“Absolutelynot.Nothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.”Headded,“Thisisandalwayshasbeenaboutourcustomers.Wefeelstronglythatifweweretodowhatthegovernmenthasaskedofus-tocreateabackdoortoourproducts—notonlyisitunlawfulbutitputsthevastmajorityofgoodandlaw—abidingcitizens,whorelyoniphonetoprotecttheirmostpersonalandimportantdata,atrisk.”

So,really,Cooks’positionmaynotbeaploy.Itcouldturnouttobebrilliantmarketing.

1.WhydidtheauthorsnortalaughwhenFacebookandGoogleproclaimedtheirsupportforCook’sposition?

2.Whatdoestheword“encroachment”inparagraph6mean?

3.ThefollowingdevicesarecreatingmoredataaboutourlivesinamoredetailedandintimatewayEXCEPT（）.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.Becausetheydidn’tagreewithCookfromthebottomoftheirhearts.

B.Becausetheypossessedmoreinformationaboutusthananyothercommercialentities.

C.BecausetheymadebillionsofdollarsbysupportingApple.

D.Becausetheydidn’tcareabouttheirclientsprivacyatall.

问题2选项

A.protection

B.violation

C.promotion

D.exploitation

问题3选项

A.Truste

B.InternetofThingssensors

C.WearableslikeFitbits

D.SmarthomedeviceslikeNest

问题4选项

A.Cook’srefusalisregardedasameretacticbythegeneralpublic.

B.Allcompaniesthatprovidefreeproductsaresellingdetailsofourlivestoadvertisers.

C.Mostpeoplesaytheyareconcernedabouttheirprivacybutactuallytheyfailtopaymuchattentiontoit.

D.EverycompanyshouldlearnfromApples’businessmodels.

问题5选项

A.Awarenessofprivacyprotectionshouldbepromoted

B.WhetherCook’srefusalisjustaploy

C.ThebattlebetweenFBIandApple

D.HowTimCookaimstoprofitfromprotectingprivacy

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由上文可知，库克拒绝泄露用户隐私，那么为什么当Facebook和谷歌宣布支持库克的立场时，作者嗤之以鼻呢？答案在第三段第三句FacebookandGooglehordemoredataaboutusthananyothercommercialentitiesandmakebillionsofdollarsonit（Facebook和谷歌比任何其他商业实体拥有更多关于我们的数据，并从中赚取了数十亿美元），由此句可知，Facebook和谷歌通过用户隐私盈利，可见他们并没有那么尊重用户隐私，因此D选项“因为他们根本不关心客户的隐私”正确。

第2题:语义推测题。根据下文可知，可穿戴设备、智能家居物联网传感器正在创造更多关于我们生活的更详细、更亲密的方面的数据。人工智能软件可以将不同种类的数据拼接在一起，绘制出一个极为精确的个体形象，由此可以推测出，我们的数据进一步被泄露了，因此B选项“侵害”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。题干为“以下设备除了之外，正在以更详细、更亲密的方式创造更多关于我们生活的数据”，本题可采用排除法。根据第六段第二句中的WearableslikeFitbits,smarthomedeviceslikeNest,connectedcarsandInternetofThingssensorsareallcreatingevermoredataaboutevermoredetailedandintimateaspectsofourlives（Fitbit等可穿戴设备、Nest等智能家居设备、联网汽车和物联网传感器都在创造越来越多的数据，这些数据涉及我们生活中更详细、更亲密的方面）可排除B、C、D选项，因此A选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。根据第四段第二句中的92percentofrespondentswhousetheInternetsaidtheyworryaboutonlineprivacy,yet89percentdonotavoidbusinessestheyfeelarenotrespectingtheirprivacy（92%的上网受访者说他们担心网上隐私，但89%的人不会回避他们认为不尊重自己隐私的业务）和第五段ouranxietiesaboutthisstuffarecompletelydisconnectedfromouractions（我们对这些事情的焦虑与我们的行为完全无关）可推断出，虽然人们嘴上说着很注重隐私，但是他们的实际行动却不是这样的，因此C选项“大多数人说他们关心隐私，但实际上他们并没有足够重视这一点”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章由库克拒绝向FBI泄露隐私为开头，讲述了不同公司和个人对数据隐私保护的态度和具体做法，因此A选项“提高隐私保护意识”符合题意。B、C选项过于片面，D选项不符合文意，均可排除。

11.翻译题

Ifyoulookintoadirectoryofsuccessfulpeoplewhoaredoctors,engineersandITprofessionals,thenyouwillnoticethatmanyofthemdreamtobeemployedbypeoplelikeBillGates,whoareprosperousdespitenothavingcollegedegrees.Inotherwords,prosperitydoesnotdependuponacademicqualificationsbutuponopportunitiesprovidedbyentrepreneurswhomaynotbenecessarilybehighlyeducated.Successfulentrepreneursevenbenefitfromnothavingacademicqualifications,becausegoingtocollegeandtakingexaminationsforcespeopletolearnandthinklikemillionsofothergraduates.Thisactuallymakesitlesslikelythattheywillcomeupwiththetrulymould-breakinginsightsand“disruptive”ideasonwhichsuccessfulinnovationsandnewbusinessmodelsarebuilt.

【答案】如果你看一下医生、工程师和IT专业人士等成功人士的名录，你会发现他们中的许多人都梦想着被像比尔•盖茨这样的尽管没有大学学位，却很成功的人雇用。换句话说，成功并不取决于学历，而是取决于那些不一定受过高等教育的企业家所提供的机会。成功的企业家甚至从没有学历中受益，因为上大学和参加考试迫使人们像数百万其他毕业生一样学习和思考。这实际上降低了他们提出真正突破模式的见解和颠覆性想法的可能性，而成功的创新和新的商业模式正是建立在这些见解和想法之上的。

12.单选题

Thereusedtobeapetrolstationnearthepark,（）?

问题1选项

A.didn’tit

B.doesn’tthere

C.usedn’tit

D.didn’tthere

【答案】D

【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？usedto意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有usedto时，反义疑问句常由usedn’t或didn’t构成，如果陈述句是Thereusedtobe…句型，反义疑问句由usedn’t/didn’tthere构成，因此D选项正确。

13.单选题

Ithasbeenknownformanydecadesthattheappearanceofsunspotsisroughlyperiodic,withanaveragecycleofelevenyears.Moreover,theincidenceofsolarflaresandthefluxofsolarcosmicrays,ultravioletradiation,andX-radiationallvarydirectlywiththesunspotcycle.Butaftermorethanacenturyofinvestigation,therelationoftheseandotherphenomena,knowncollectivelyasthesolar-activitycycle,toterrestrialweatherandclimateremainsunclear.Forexample,thesunspotcycleandthealliedmagnetic-polaritycyclehavebeenlinkedtoperiodicitiesdiscernedinrecordsofsuchvariablesasrainfall,temperature,andwinds.Invariably,however,therelationisweak,andcommonlyofdubiousstatisticalsignificance.

Effectsofsolarvariabilityoverlongertermshavealsobeensought.TheabsenceofrecordedsunspotactivityinthenoteskeptbyEuropeanobserversinthelateseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturieshasledsomescholarstopostulateabriefcessationofsunspotactivityatthattime(aperiodcalledtheMaunderminimum).TheMaunderminimumhasbeenlinkedtoaspanofunusualcoldinEuropeextendingfromthesixteenthtotheearlynineteenthCenturies.TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.Scientistshavealsosoughtevidenceoflong-termsolarperiodicitiesbyexaminingindirectclimatologicaldata,suchasfossilrecordsofthethicknessofancienttreerings.Thesestudies,however,failedtolinkunequivocallyterrestrialclimateandthesolar-activitycycleoreventoconfirmthecycle’spastexistence.

Ifconsistantandreliablegeologicalorarchaeologicalandclimatologicalevidencetracingthesolar-activitycycleinthedistantpastcouldbefound,itmightalsoresolveanimportantissueinsolarphysics:howtomodelsolaractivity.Currently,therearetwomodelsofsolaractivity.ThefirstsupposesthattheSun’sinternalmotions(causedbyrotationandconvection)interactwithitslarge-scalemagneticfieldtoproduceadynamo,adeviceinwhichmechanicalenergyisconvertedintotheenergyofamagneticfield.Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdrivesfromwouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.ThealternativeexplanationsupposesthattheSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldisaremnantofthefieldtheSunacquiredwhenitformed,andisnotsustainedagainstdecay.Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.Modemsolarobservationsspantooshortatimetorevealwhetherpresentcyclicalsolar-activityisalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,ormerelyatransientphenomenon.

1.Theauthorfocusesprimarilyon（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetwomodelsofsolaractivityisaccurate?

3.Accordingtothepassage,lateseventeenth-andearlyeighteenth-centuryChineserecordsareimportantforwhichofthefollowingreasons?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheargumentinfavorofthefirstmodelwouldbestrengthenedifwhichofthefollowingwerefoundtobetrue?

问题1选项

A.presentingtwocompetingscientifictheoriesconcerningsolaractivityandevaluatinggeologicalevidenceoftencitedtosupportthem

B.givingabriefoverviewofsomerecentscientificdevelopmentsinsolarphysicsandassessingtheirimpactonfutureclimatologicalresearch

C.discussingthedifficultiesinvolvedinlinkingterrestrialphenomenawithsolaractivityandindicatinghowresolvingthatissuecouldhaveanimpactonourunderstandingofsolarphysics

D.outlinethespecificreasonswhyaprobleminsolarphysicshasnotyetbeensolvedandfaultingtheoverlytheoreticalapproachofmodernphysicists

问题2选项

A.Inbothmodelscyclicalsolaractivityisregardedasalong-livedfeatureoftheSun,persistingwithlittlechangeoverbillionsofyears.

B.Tobothmodelsthesolar-activitycycleishypothesizedasbeingdependentonthelarge-scalesolarmagneticfield.

C.ToonemodeltheSun'smagneticfieldisthoughttoplayaroleincausingsolaractivity,whereasintheothermodelitisnot.

D.Inonemodelsolaractivityispresumedtobeunrelatedtoterrestrialphenomena,whereasintheothermodelsolaractivityisthoughttohaveobservableeffectsontheEarth.

问题3选项

A.TheysuggestthatthedataonwhichtheMaunderminimumwaspredicatedwereincorrect.

B.TheysuggestthattheMaunderminimummightbevalidonlyforEurope.

C.Theyestablishtheexistenceofaspanofunusuallycoldweatherworldwideatthetimeofthefounderminimum.

D.TheyestablishthatsolaractivityatthetimeoftheMaunderminimumdidnotsignificantlyvaryfromitspresentpattern.

问题4选项

A.Episodesofintensevolcaniceruptionsinthedistainpastoccurredincycleshavingverylongperiodicities.

B.Atthepresenttimethegloballevelofthunderstormactivityincreasesanddecreasesincycleswithperiodicitiesofapproximately11years.

C.Inthelastcenturythelengthofthesunspotcyclehasbeenknowntovarybyasmuchas2yearsfromitsaverageperiodicityof11years.

D.Hundredsofmillionsofyearsago,solar-activitycyclesdisplayedthesameperiodicitiesasdopresent-daysolar-activitycycles.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“指出有关太阳活动的两种相对的科学理论并对其各自的地质依据进行评价”，B选项“简要概述近期科学在太阳物理学方面的发展并且就他们对未来气候研究的影响做出评价”，C选项“讨论将地球上的各种现象与太阳活动联系起来的困难性并指出问题的解决方法影响着我们对太阳物理活动的理解”，D选项“概述有关太阳物理的问题之所以一直没解决的原因并且对现代物理学家过度理论化的方法进行指责”，根据文章大意可以推断出C选项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。文章对太阳活动的两种模式的介绍主要集中在文章的第三段。根据第三段中的“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”可知在第一种模式中，太阳活动的周期是与太阳大范围的磁场相关的并且太阳活动周期是可以长期维持基本不变的。根据第三段中的“Inthismodel,thesolarmechanismdependentontheSun’smagneticfieldrunsdownmorequickly.Thus,thecharacteristicsofthesolar-activitycyclewouldbeexpectedtochangeoveralongperiodoftime.”“在这种模式中，与太阳磁场相关的太阳机制变化更快，因此，太阳活动周期的特点也会在很长一段时间后有所变化”可知在第二种模式中太阳活动的周期也是和太阳磁场相关的，但是太阳活动周期是会有所变化的。所以A选项‘在这两个模型中，周期性的太阳活动被认为是太阳的一个长期特征，在数十亿年的时间里几乎没有变化。’和C选项‘在一个模型中，太阳磁场被认为是导致太阳活动的一个因素，而在另一个模型中则不是。’表错误，D选项文章中没有体现，所以B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中的“TherealityoftheMaunderminimumhasyettobeestablished,howeverespeciallysincetherecordsthatChinesenaked-eyeobserversofsolaractivitymadeatthattimeappeartocontradictit.”“太阳活动极小期的真实性还有待考证，特别是中国当时肉眼观察到的太阳活动的记录又与其相矛盾”确定A选项‘他们认为,蒙德极小期的数据是建立不正确的。’符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Inshort,theSun’slarge-scalemagneticfieldistakentobeself-sustaining,sothatthesolar-activitycycleitdriveswouldbemaintainedwithlittleoverallchangeforperhapsbillionsofyears.”“简而言之，太阳大范围的磁场是自给自足的，因此与之相关的太阳活动周期将会在几十亿年内维持基本不变”确定D选项“数亿年前太阳活动的周期性特征和如今太阳活动的周期性相同”是对第一种模式的支持。

14.单选题

Theautomaticdoorsinsupermarkets______theentryandexitofcustomerswithshoppingcarts.

问题1选项

A.furnish

B.induce

C.facilitate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项furnish“布置家具，提供”；B选项induce“引诱”；C选项facilitate“促进，促使，使便利”；D选项allocate“分配，分派”。根据automaticdoors可知C选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：超市的自动门方便购物车顾客进出。

15.单选题

Intheeighteenthcentury,Japan’sfeudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunderfinancialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords’failuretoadjusttoarapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords’control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastle-townshadactedasastimulustotrade.Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemostsamuraihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengageinscholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,itisnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords’income,despitetheincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeirexpenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords’incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxityamongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinevitableoutcomeofhereditaryoffice-holding)asfromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringinganincreaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecity