考研考博-英语-北京第二外国语学院考试押题卷含答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京第二外国语学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

问题1选项

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

问题2选项

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

问题3选项

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

问题4选项

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

问题5选项

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。根据题干直接定位到第一段第一句话adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...选项C中的“levy”和“tax”同义复现；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同义复现。因此C为正确答案，其余选项均未体现。

2.推断题。根据题干定位到第二段，第二段第二句话：这已经引起了巨大的反抗，反过来也会导致针对法国的贸易制裁，和选项A相一致，其中选项中的“trigger”和原文的“leadto”同义复现，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同义复现。其余选项均未体现。

3.细节题。根据题干定位到第四段最后一句话：他们都认为国际税收体系并未跟上当前经济形势。选项B“目前的国际税收体系需要升级”是该句话的反义复现。其余选项均为体现。

4.细节题。根据题干定位到第五段最后一句话：对于国际税收体系的未来充满疑虑和选项C相一致。其中选项中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同义复现，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同义复现。

5.主旨题。题干中的title为标题题的信息，所以此题考查的是文章的主旨大意。B选项里的tax是贯穿全文的主旨词；而文章以法国对数字服务征税为起点，全文描写了包括法国在内的其他国家对全球税收系统的担忧，因此选项B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余选项均未能体现文章关键词和全文主旨。

2.单选题

Thecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and（）.

问题1选项

A.droughtsinothers

B.droughtsareothers

C.whileotherdroughts

D.othersindrought

【答案】A

【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floodsinsomeyears并列，droughtinothers中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.

问题1选项

A.opposite

B.organic

C.occasional

D.optical

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项opposite“对面的，相反的”；B选项organic“有机的，组织的”；C选项occasional“偶然的，临吋的”；D选项optical‘视觉的，光学的，光读取的”；根据被修饰词scanner确定D选项正确。

4.单选题

Itmadehimuncomfortableto（）hisplanandthinkofsomethingnew.

问题1选项

A.switch

B.transfer

C.shift

D.alter

【答案】D

【解析】句意:改变计划或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。

考查动词辨析。switch转换,挥动;transfer使转移,调任;shift转移,替换;alter改变,更改。因此D符合句意。

5.写作题

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

6.单选题

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto（

）.

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

（

）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（

）".

问题1选项

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

问题2选项

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

问题3选项

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

问题4选项

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“在第一段中，作者给一些术语下了定义，目的是……”。文章第一段提到“这些定义是有必要的，因为必须强调在一个资源有限的世界中，个人或团体之间的竞争是不可避免的，但是此冲突不是彼冲突”（Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict），由此可以看出作者是为了区分两种“冲突”，选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，竞争与冲突的区别在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者认为战争是不可避免的，其前提是在动物物种的斗争中，只有适者生存。一般来说，这种斗争在本质上是竞争，而不是冲突”（Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict），因此选项D“它本质是为了生存斗争”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“短语functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。该短语与后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相对应，意思与之相反，选项B符合题意。

4.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章可能主要是为了回答……这个问题”。文章第一句话提到战争是不可避免这个问题得到世界上很多伟大作家的关注（Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters）；文章最后一句话提到国家之间像战争一样的冲突不可避免，但是竞争是不可避免的（itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis），可知全文都是在围绕着“战争能否避免”这话题展开，选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

问题1选项

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词用法。A选项中的matter做名词时是可数名词，它后面有meaning和usage两个名词，因此matter应改为matters。

8.单选题

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

问题1选项

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

问题2选项

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

问题3选项

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

问题4选项

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美国出生率受到妇女解放的影响:一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。选项B符合原文。

2.信息推断题。上一句提到，一旦妇女有了有趣的高薪工作，她们就不太愿意为抚养孩子付出免费的劳动力了。由此可以推断，抚养孩子从零成本似乎变成了高成本，是因为女性为了抚养孩子而放弃高薪工作所付出了昂贵的代价，这里并不是说抚养孩子的成本高。所以选项C符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社会流动性，以及在城市里发展提升的抱负，是19世纪欧洲出生率下降的一个主要因素。选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据最后一段的内容可知，目前富裕的国家由于妇女地位改变而人口趋于稳定，为世界其他地区树立了榜样，工业社会也将蔓延到贫穷国家，所有的这些都将导致新世纪的人口比几年前的要少。潜在意思是说，新世纪的人口问题不会像预期的那样严重。选项D相对于选项A来说，更为恰当。

9.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世纪80年代以来，中国陆续推出一系列科学技术研究发展的整体计划，旨在战略性地全面提高国家在21世纪的综合科技竞争力。1982年开始实施的国家科技攻关计划，是20世纪中国最大的科技计划。它面向国民经济建设主战场，解决国民经济和社会发展中带有方向性、关键性和综合性的问题，涉及农业、电子信息、能源、交通、材料、资源勘探、环境保护、医疗卫生等领域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐惧死亡。要是年轻人这样想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在战争中阵亡的年轻人，想到自己被生活所欺骗，错失了生命中最美好的东西，感到苦涩理所当然。但对于一个饱尝了人间悲欢离合，实现一生抱负的老人来说，恐惧死亡就有点不光彩了。战胜对死亡的恐惧的最好的方法是——至少对我而言是可行的一一逐步拓宽你的兴趣，并使其不受人际感情的影响，直到自我的围城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到众生之中。一个人应当像一条河流，开始时窄而浅，静静流淌于两岸之中，然后，奔腾冲击于岩石之间，飞流直下于高崖之处。慢慢地，河流越走越宽，河岸逐步退去，水流更显平缓，直到最后，毫无迹象地融入大海，平和地失去了个体的存在。

11.单选题

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuch

delicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen（

）.

问题1选项

A.resolved...detrimental

B.hesitated...warranted

C.declined...inopportune

D.struggled...unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】动词和形容词辨析。第一个空的选项为resolve“决定，溶解”；hesitate“犹豫，有疑虑";decline“下降，衰落，婉拒”；struggle“努力，挣扎，对抗”，根据关键词patience和suddencommitment推断出第一个空应选则填入declined；第二个空的选项为detrimental不利的，有害的”；warranted“保证的，担保的”；inopportune“不适当的，不合时机的”；unconscionable“昧着良心的，肆无忌惮的，过度的”；据第一个空的选词和句意‘因在如此微妙的谈判中表现出来的耐心和技巧而当选的这位外交官拒绝在会谈中做出决定，因为在那种情况下，任何突然的承诺都是不恰当的。’确定第二个空填入inopportune，C选项正确。

12.单选题

Wewantto（）thelatesttechnologyintoschools.

问题1选项

A.announce

B.operate

C.introduce

D.cast

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项announce“宣布，述说”，announce…to“通知某人，向……宣布”；B选项operate“操作，经营”；C选项introduce“介绍，引进”，introduce…to“向……介绍”；D选项cast“投，抛，计算”。句意：我们想向学校推荐最新的技术。由选项意思和固定搭配可知，C选项符合句意。

13.单选题

By2030,peopleover65inGermany,theworld’sthird-largesteconomy,willaccountforalmosthalftheadultpopulation,comparedwithone-fifthnow.Andunlessthecountry’sbirthraterecoversfromitspresentlowof1.3perwoman,overthesameperioditspopulationofunder35willshrinkabouttwiceasfastastheolderpopulationwillgrow.Thenetresultwillbethatthetotalpopulation,now82m,willdeclineto70m-73m.Thenumberofpeopleofworkingagewillfallbyafullquarter,from40mtodayto30m.

TheGermandemographicsarefarfromexceptional.InJapan,theworld’ssecond-largesteconomy,thepopulationwillpeakin2005,ataround125m.By2050,accordingtothemorepessimisticgovernmentforecasts,thepopulationwillhaveshrunktoaround95m.Longbeforethat,around2030,theshareoftheover-65sintheadultpopulationwillhavegrowntoabouthalf.AndthebirthrateinJapan,asinGermany,isdownto1.3perwoman.Thefiguresareprettymuchthesameformostotherdevelopedcountries,andforagoodmanyemergingones,especiallyChina.

Lifeexpectancy—andwithitthenumberofolderpeople—hasbeengoingupsteadilyfor300years.Butthedeclineinthenumberofyoungpeopleissomethingnew.TheonlydevelopedcountrythathassofaravoidedthisfateisAmerica.Buteventherethebirthrateiswellbelowreplacementlevel,andtheproportionofolderpeopleintheadultpopulationwillrisesteeplyinthenext30years.Allthismeansthatwinningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomeapoliticalimperativeineverydevelopedcountry.Pensionshavealreadybecomearegularelectionissue.Thereisalsoagrowingdebateaboutthedesirabilityofimmigrationtomaintainthepopulationandworkforce.Togetherthesetwoissuesaretransformingthepoliticallandscapeineverydevelopedcountry.

By2030atthelatest,theageatwhichfullretirementbenefitsstartwillhaverisentothemid-70’sinalldevelopedcountries,andbenefitsforhealthypensionerswillbesubstantiallylowerthantheyaretoday.Indeed,fixedretirementagesforpeopleinreasonablephysicalandmentalconditionmayhavebeenabolishedtopreventthepensionburdenontheworkingpopulationfrombecomingunbearable.Alreadyyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleatworksuspectthattherewillnotbeenoughpensionmoneytogoroundwhentheythemselvesreachtraditionalretirementage.Butpoliticianseverywherecontinuetopretendthattheycansavethecurrentpensionssystem.

1.InGermany,（

）.

2.Theproblemthatthepopulationbecomesaging

（

）.

3.Anewtendencyisdemographicchangeisthat

（

）.

4.Whatisthepoliticalimplicationofthedemographicchangeinthedevelopedcountries?

5.By2030thegovernmentsindevelopedcountriesmayputanendtofixedretirementages（

）.

问题1选项

A.birthratehasgoneupto1.3perwoman

B.peopleover65nowconstitutesabouthalftheadultpopulation

C.itspopulationofunder-35sistwiceaslargeasthatofover-65s

D.by2030itsworkingforcemayhaveshrunkby25%

问题2选项

A.isexceptionaltoGermany

B.hasbecomeuniversal

C.canberelievedinJapanwiththeshrinkageofitspopulationtoaround95m

D.makestheeconomicoutlookinthedevelopedcountriesevenmoregloomy

问题3选项

A.lifeexpectancyhasbeengoingupsteadily

B.thereisadeclineoftheyoungpopulation

C.inAmericathebirthratehasgoneabovereplacementlevel

D.theoldpopulationhasrisensharplyinIJSA

问题4选项

A.Winningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomecrucialinpolitics.

B.Pensionpolicywillbecomeakeyissueinelections.

C.Immigrationshouldbebannedtomaintaintheworkforce.

D.Thedemographicchangewillchangethepoliticallandscapegreatly.

问题5选项

A.tosavethecurrentpensionsystem

B.toensurethebenefitsforhealthypensioners

C.torealizefullretirementbenefitssubstantially

D.torelievethepensionsburdenontheworkingpopulation

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段介绍了德国的人口老龄化问题，根据第一段最后一句“Thenetresultwillbethatthetotalpopulation,now82m,willdeclineto70m-73m.Thenumberofpeopleofworkingagewillfallbyafullquarter,from40mtodayto30m.最终的结果将是总人口从现在的8200万下降到7000万到7300万。劳动年龄人口将减少整整四分之一，从目前的4000万降至3000万。”可知，到2030年德国的劳动人口将减少四分之一(afullquarter),即25%。所以D选项正确。

2.推理判断题。本题是问关于人口老龄化问题的。由本文第二段第一句"TheGermandemographicsarefarfromexceptional.德国的人口结构也不例外。”可知德国并不是例外，通过第二段的内容可知其他发达国家也呈现同样的趋势，所以B选项‘已经成为普遍’陈述正确。

3.细节事实题。本题是问关于人口结构变化的新趋势。由本文第三段第二句“Butthedeclineinthenumberofyoungpeopleissomethingnew.TheonlydevelopedcountrythathassofaravoidedthisfateisAmerica.但年轻人数量的下降是一个新现象。迄今为止，唯一避免这种命运的发达国家是美国。”可知B选项‘年轻人口在减少’是新的趋势，符合题意。

4.推理判断题。本题是问关于发达国家的人口变化的政治意义是什么。由倒数第二段内容“Allthismeansthatwinningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomeapoliticalimperativeineverydevelopedcountry.所有这一切意味着，赢得老年人的支持将成为每个发达国家的政治当务之急。”所以A选项‘在政治上赢得老年人的支持将变得至关重要。’正确。

5.细节事实题。本题是问道2030年，发达国家的政府可能结束固定的退休年龄的目的。由文章最后一段内容“Indeed,fixedretirementagesforpeopleinreasonablephysicalandmentalconditionmayhavebeenabolishedtopreventthepensionburdenontheworkingpopulationfrombecomingunbearable.的确，为了防止工作人口的养恤金负担变得无法承受，可能已经取消了对身体和精神状况合理的人的固定退休年龄。”可知D选项‘减轻劳动人口的养老金负担’符合题意。

14.写作题

Youareveryhappywhenyougetthenewsthatyourfriendhasbeenpromoted.Writealitterofcongratulationandencouragehim/hertokeepup.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonAnswerSheet2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiTao"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress,butpayattentiontotheformofletterwriting

【答案】略

15.单选题

Aftersheheardthesadnewsfromherfather,shewasinavery____mood.

问题1选项

A.cheerful

B.amusing

C.thoughtful

D.pessimistic

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.cheerful开心的B.amusing有趣的

C.thoughtful考虑周到的；有思想深度的D.pessimistic悲观的

【答案】D

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“她处于一种____的情绪”，前文提到“当她从父亲那里听到这个不幸的（sadnews）消息后”，根据“不幸的消息”推测，她应该是心情不好，D选项“pessimistic”符合原句语义衔接。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。

【句意】她从父亲那里听到这个不幸的消息后，情绪非常悲观。

16.单选题

Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.

问题1选项

A.amplified

B.magnified

C.exemplified

D.signified

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。amplify“扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

问题1选项

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱两可的指示把我们弄糊涂了；我们不知道该走哪条路。

考查形容词辨析。ambiguous引起歧义的；模糊的；complicated难懂的；复杂的；arbitrary任意的；武断的；intricate复杂的；错综的。由后半句句意可知A项正确。

18.单选题

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（

）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

问题1选项

A.barren

B.virgin

C.void

D.wretched

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。barren意为“贫瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意为“未开发的，原始状态的”；void意为“无效的，空的”；wretched意为“不幸的，悲惨的”。but前后的内容含义转折关系，再根据人们通常对desert（沙漠）的印象是广阔无垠的荒地，因此选A。

句意：许多人认为沙漠是不毛之地，但是许多种类的植物和动物已经适应了那里的生活。

19.单选题

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

问题1选项

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查时态。句意：警察盘问那人时，他否认偷了超市里的任何东西。根据动词短语denydoingsth.确定非谓语动词用现在分词ing形式，根据steal的动作发生在deny之前，确定用完成时，C选项havingstolen符合题意。没有denytodosth.的用法，A选项tohavestolen和B选项tosteal错误。D选项havingbeenstealing没有这个用法，语法错误。因此C选项正确。

20.单选题

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

问题1选项

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。

考查名词辨析。pension养老金；earning收益；工资；salary薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。

21.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】细节题。男士表示想去单身汉晚会，女士确认了时间为晚上八点，并且要自带酒水。

22.单选题

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,Jay